--- _id: '11762' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'In this paper, we describe six algorithmic problems that arise in web search engines and that are not or only partially solved: (1) Uniformly sampling of web pages; (2) modeling the web graph; (3) finding duplicate hosts; (4) finding top gainers and losers in data streams; (5) finding large dense bipartite graphs; and (6) understanding how eigenvectors partition the web.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: Henzinger MH. Algorithmic challenges in web search engines. Internet Mathematics. 2004;1(1):115-123. doi:10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079 apa: Henzinger, M. H. (2004). Algorithmic challenges in web search engines. Internet Mathematics. Internet Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079 chicago: Henzinger, Monika H. “Algorithmic Challenges in Web Search Engines.” Internet Mathematics. Internet Mathematics, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079. ieee: M. H. Henzinger, “Algorithmic challenges in web search engines,” Internet Mathematics, vol. 1, no. 1. Internet Mathematics, pp. 115–123, 2004. ista: Henzinger MH. 2004. Algorithmic challenges in web search engines. Internet Mathematics. 1(1), 115–123. mla: Henzinger, Monika H. “Algorithmic Challenges in Web Search Engines.” Internet Mathematics, vol. 1, no. 1, Internet Mathematics, 2004, pp. 115–23, doi:10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079. short: M.H. Henzinger, Internet Mathematics 1 (2004) 115–123. date_created: 2022-08-08T11:55:53Z date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-10T07:47:21Z day: '01' doi: 10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 1' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 115-123 publication: Internet Mathematics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1944-9488 issn: - 1542-7951 publication_status: published publisher: Internet Mathematics quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Algorithmic challenges in web search engines type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 1 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '11801' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Web search engines have emerged as one of the central applications on the internet. In fact, search has become one of the most important activities that people engage in on the Internet. Even beyond becoming the number one source of information, a growing number of businesses are depending on web search engines for customer acquisition. In this talk I will brief review the history of web search engines: The first generation of web search engines used text-only retrieval techniques. Google revolutionized the field by deploying the PageRank technology – an eigenvector-based analysis of the hyperlink structure- to analyze the web in order to produce relevant results. Moving forward, our goal is to achieve a better understanding of a page with a view towards producing even more relevant results.\r\n\r\nGoogle is powered by a large number of PCs. Using this infrastructure and striving to be as efficient as possible poses challenging systems problems but also various algorithmic challenges. I will discuss some of them in my talk." alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: 'Henzinger MH. Algorithmic aspects of web search engines. In: 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms. Vol 3221. Springer Nature; 2004:3. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2' apa: 'Henzinger, M. H. (2004). Algorithmic aspects of web search engines. In 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (Vol. 3221, p. 3). Bergen, Norway: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2' chicago: Henzinger, Monika H. “Algorithmic Aspects of Web Search Engines.” In 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, 3221:3. Springer Nature, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2. ieee: M. H. Henzinger, “Algorithmic aspects of web search engines,” in 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Bergen, Norway, 2004, vol. 3221, p. 3. ista: 'Henzinger MH. 2004. Algorithmic aspects of web search engines. 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LNCS, vol. 3221, 3.' mla: Henzinger, Monika H. “Algorithmic Aspects of Web Search Engines.” 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, vol. 3221, Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2. short: M.H. Henzinger, in:, 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3. conference: end_date: 2004-09-17 location: Bergen, Norway name: 'ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms' start_date: 2004-09-14 date_created: 2022-08-11T13:18:05Z date_published: 2004-09-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-13T11:47:26Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 3221' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa_version: None page: '3' publication: 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms publication_identifier: eissn: - 1611-3349 isbn: - ' 3540230254' issn: - 0302-9743 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Algorithmic aspects of web search engines type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 3221 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '11800' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Web search engines have emerged as one of the central applications on the Internet. In fact, search has become one of the most important activities that people engage in on the the Internet. Even beyond becoming the number one source of information, a growing number of businesses are depending on web search engines for customer acquisition.\r\n\r\nThe first generation of web search engines used text-only retrieval techniques. Google revolutionized the field by deploying the PageRank technology – an eigenvector-based analysis of the hyperlink structure – to analyze the web in order to produce relevant results. Moving forward, our goal is to achieve a better understanding of a page with a view towards producing even more relevant results." alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: 'Henzinger MH. The past, present, and future of web search engines. In: 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. Vol 3142. Springer Nature; 2004:3. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2' apa: 'Henzinger, M. H. (2004). The past, present, and future of web search engines. In 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (Vol. 3142, p. 3). Turku, Finland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2' chicago: Henzinger, Monika H. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Search Engines.” In 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, 3142:3. Springer Nature, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2. ieee: M. H. Henzinger, “The past, present, and future of web search engines,” in 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Turku, Finland, 2004, vol. 3142, p. 3. ista: 'Henzinger MH. 2004. The past, present, and future of web search engines. 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, LNCS, vol. 3142, 3.' mla: Henzinger, Monika H. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Search Engines.” 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, vol. 3142, Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2. short: M.H. Henzinger, in:, 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3. conference: end_date: 2004-07-16 location: Turku, Finland name: 'ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming' start_date: 2004-07-12 date_created: 2022-08-11T12:38:58Z date_published: 2004-07-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-13T11:45:25Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 3142' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: '3' publication: 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming publication_identifier: eissn: - 1611-3349 issn: - 0302-9743 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The past, present, and future of web search engines type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 3142 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '11859' abstract: - lang: eng text: In this article we describe the approach taken by the first web search engines, discuss the state of the art, and present some of the challenges for the future. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: 'Henzinger MH. The past, present, and future of web information retrieval. In: SPIE Proceedings. Vol 5296. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers; 2004:23-26. doi:10.1117/12.537534' apa: 'Henzinger, M. H. (2004). The past, present, and future of web information retrieval. In SPIE Proceedings (Vol. 5296, pp. 23–26). San Jose, CA, United States: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534' chicago: Henzinger, Monika H. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Information Retrieval.” In SPIE Proceedings, 5296:23–26. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534. ieee: M. H. Henzinger, “The past, present, and future of web information retrieval,” in SPIE Proceedings, San Jose, CA, United States, 2004, vol. 5296, pp. 23–26. ista: Henzinger MH. 2004. The past, present, and future of web information retrieval. SPIE Proceedings. Document Recognition and Retrieval XI vol. 5296, 23–26. mla: Henzinger, Monika H. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Information Retrieval.” SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5296, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2004, pp. 23–26, doi:10.1117/12.537534. short: M.H. Henzinger, in:, SPIE Proceedings, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2004, pp. 23–26. conference: end_date: 2004-01-22 location: San Jose, CA, United States name: Document Recognition and Retrieval XI start_date: 2004-01-21 date_created: 2022-08-16T08:46:41Z date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-17T10:05:19Z day: '01' doi: 10.1117/12.537534 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 5296' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 23 - 26 publication: SPIE Proceedings publication_identifier: issn: - 0277-786X publication_status: published publisher: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The past, present, and future of web information retrieval type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 5296 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '11877' abstract: - lang: eng text: The World Wide Web provides a unprecedented opportunity to automatically analyze a large sample of interests and activity in the world. We discuss methods for extracting knowledge from the web by randomly sampling and analyzing hosts and pages, and by analyzing the link structure of the web and how links accumulate over time. A variety of interesting and valuable information can be extracted, such as the distribution of web pages over domains, the distribution of interest in different areas, communities related to different topics, the nature of competition in different categories of sites, and the degree of communication between different communities or countries. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 - first_name: Steve full_name: Lawrence, Steve last_name: Lawrence citation: ama: Henzinger MH, Lawrence S. Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004;101(suppl_1):5186-5191. doi:10.1073/pnas.0307528100 apa: Henzinger, M. H., & Lawrence, S. (2004). Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100 chicago: Henzinger, Monika H, and Steve Lawrence. “Extracting Knowledge from the World Wide Web.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100. ieee: M. H. Henzinger and S. Lawrence, “Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. suppl_1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp. 5186–5191, 2004. ista: Henzinger MH, Lawrence S. 2004. Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101(suppl_1), 5186–5191. mla: Henzinger, Monika H., and Steve Lawrence. “Extracting Knowledge from the World Wide Web.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. suppl_1, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004, pp. 5186–91, doi:10.1073/pnas.0307528100. short: M.H. Henzinger, S. Lawrence, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (2004) 5186–5191. date_created: 2022-08-16T13:06:10Z date_published: 2004-04-06T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-17T12:21:43Z day: '06' doi: 10.1073/pnas.0307528100 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '14745041' intvolume: ' 101' issue: suppl_1 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC387294/ month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 5186-5191 pmid: 1 publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 101 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '12658' abstract: - lang: eng text: '[1] During the ablation period 2001 a glaciometeorological experiment was carried out on Haut Glacier d''Arolla, Switzerland. Five meteorological stations were installed on the glacier, and one permanent automatic weather station in the glacier foreland. The altitudes of the stations ranged between 2500 and 3000 m a.s.l., and they were in operation from end of May to beginning of September 2001. The spatial arrangement of the stations and temporal duration of the measurements generated a unique data set enabling the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of the meteorological variables across an alpine glacier. All measurements were taken at a nominal height of 2 m, and hourly averages were derived for the analysis. The wind regime was dominated by the glacier wind (mean value 2.8 m s−1) but due to erosion by the synoptic gradient wind, occasionally the wind would blow up the valley. A slight decrease in mean 2 m air temperatures with altitude was found, however the 2 m air temperature gradient varied greatly and frequently changed its sign. Mean relative humidity was 71% and exhibited limited spatial variation. Mean incoming shortwave radiation and albedo both generally increased with elevation. The different components of shortwave radiation are quantified with a parameterization scheme. Resulting spatial variations are mainly due to horizon obstruction and reflections from surrounding slopes, i.e., topography. The effect of clouds accounts for a loss of 30% of the extraterrestrial flux. Albedos derived from a Landsat TM image of 30 July show remarkably constant values, in the range 0.49 to 0.50, across snow covered parts of the glacier, while albedo is highly spatially variable below the zone of continuous snow cover. These results are verified with ground measurements and compared with parameterized albedo. Mean longwave radiative fluxes decreased with elevation due to lower air temperatures and the effect of upper hemisphere slopes. It is shown through parameterization that this effect would even be more pronounced without the effect of clouds. Results are discussed with respect to a similar study which has been carried out on Pasterze Glacier (Austria). The presented algorithms for interpolating, parameterizing and simulating variables and parameters in alpine regions are integrated in the software package AMUNDSEN which is freely available to be adapted and further developed by the community.' article_number: D03103 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Ulrich full_name: Strasser, Ulrich last_name: Strasser - first_name: Javier full_name: Corripio, Javier last_name: Corripio - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti - first_name: Paolo full_name: Burlando, Paolo last_name: Burlando - first_name: Ben full_name: Brock, Ben last_name: Brock - first_name: Martin full_name: Funk, Martin last_name: Funk citation: ama: 'Strasser U, Corripio J, Pellicciotti F, Burlando P, Brock B, Funk M. Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2004;109(D3). doi:10.1029/2003jd003973' apa: 'Strasser, U., Corripio, J., Pellicciotti, F., Burlando, P., Brock, B., & Funk, M. (2004). Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973' chicago: 'Strasser, Ulrich, Javier Corripio, Francesca Pellicciotti, Paolo Burlando, Ben Brock, and Martin Funk. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Meteorological Variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the Ablation Season 2001: Measurements and Simulations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. American Geophysical Union, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973.' ieee: 'U. Strasser, J. Corripio, F. Pellicciotti, P. Burlando, B. Brock, and M. Funk, “Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 109, no. D3. American Geophysical Union, 2004.' ista: 'Strasser U, Corripio J, Pellicciotti F, Burlando P, Brock B, Funk M. 2004. Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 109(D3), D03103.' mla: 'Strasser, Ulrich, et al. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Meteorological Variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the Ablation Season 2001: Measurements and Simulations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 109, no. D3, D03103, American Geophysical Union, 2004, doi:10.1029/2003jd003973.' short: 'U. Strasser, J. Corripio, F. Pellicciotti, P. Burlando, B. Brock, M. Funk, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 109 (2004).' date_created: 2023-02-20T08:18:57Z date_published: 2004-02-16T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-20T08:40:21Z day: '16' doi: 10.1029/2003jd003973 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 109' issue: D3 keyword: - Paleontology - Space and Planetary Science - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - Atmospheric Science - Earth-Surface Processes - Geochemistry and Petrology - Soil Science - Water Science and Technology - Ecology - Aquatic Science - Forestry - Oceanography - Geophysics language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa_version: None publication: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres' publication_identifier: issn: - 0148-0227 publication_status: published publisher: American Geophysical Union quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d''Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 109 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '1456' abstract: - lang: eng text: We study the space of L2 harmonic forms on complete manifolds with metrics of fibred boundary or fibred cusp type. These metrics generalize the geometric structures at infinity of several different well-known classes of metrics, including asymptotically locally Euclidean manifolds, the (known types of) gravitational instantons, and also Poincaré metrics on ℚ-rank 1 ends of locally symmetric spaces and on the complements of smooth divisors in Kähler manifolds. The answer in all cases is given in terms of intersection cohomology of a stratified compactification of the manifold. The L2 signature formula implied by our result is closely related to the one proved by Dai and more generally by Vaillant and identifies Dai's τ-invariant directly in terms of intersection cohomology of differing perversities. This work is also closely related to a recent paper of Carron and the forthcoming paper of Cheeger and Dai. We apply our results to a number of examples, gravitational instantons among them, arising in predictions about L2 harmonic forms in duality theories in string theory. acknowledgement: |- Hausel’s work supported by a Miller Research Fellowship at the University of California, Berkeley. Hunsicker’s work partially supported by Stanford University. Mazzeo’s work supported by National Science Foundation grant numbers DMS-991975 and DMS-0204730 and by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute. author: - first_name: Tamas full_name: Tamas Hausel id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hausel - first_name: Eugénie full_name: Hunsicker, Eugénie last_name: Hunsicker - first_name: Rafe full_name: Mazzeo, Rafe R last_name: Mazzeo citation: ama: Hausel T, Hunsicker E, Mazzeo R. Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons. Duke Mathematical Journal. 2004;122(3):485-548. doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X apa: Hausel, T., Hunsicker, E., & Mazzeo, R. (2004). Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons. Duke Mathematical Journal. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X chicago: Hausel, Tamás, Eugénie Hunsicker, and Rafe Mazzeo. “Hodge Cohomology of Gravitational Instantons.” Duke Mathematical Journal. Duke University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X. ieee: T. Hausel, E. Hunsicker, and R. Mazzeo, “Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons,” Duke Mathematical Journal, vol. 122, no. 3. Duke University Press, pp. 485–548, 2004. ista: Hausel T, Hunsicker E, Mazzeo R. 2004. Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons. Duke Mathematical Journal. 122(3), 485–548. mla: Hausel, Tamás, et al. “Hodge Cohomology of Gravitational Instantons.” Duke Mathematical Journal, vol. 122, no. 3, Duke University Press, 2004, pp. 485–548, doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X. short: T. Hausel, E. Hunsicker, R. Mazzeo, Duke Mathematical Journal 122 (2004) 485–548. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:08Z date_published: 2004-04-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:52Z day: '15' doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X extern: 1 intvolume: ' 122' issue: '3' main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0207169 month: '04' oa: 1 page: 485 - 548 publication: Duke Mathematical Journal publication_status: published publisher: Duke University Press publist_id: '5737' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons type: journal_article volume: 122 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '1464' abstract: - lang: eng text: "The moduli space of stable vector bundles on a Riemann surface is smooth when the rank and degree are coprime, and is diffeomorphic to the space of unitary connections of central constant curvature. A classic result of Newstead and Atiyah and Bott asserts that its rational cohomology ring is generated by the universal classes, that is, by the Kunneth components of the Chern classes of the universal bundle.\n\nThis paper studies the larger, non-compact moduli space of Higgs bundles, as introduced by Hitchin and Simpson, with values in the canonical bundle K. This is diffeomorphic to the space of all connections of central constant curvature, whether unitary or not. The main result of the paper is that, in the rank 2 case, the rational cohomology ring of this space is again generated by universal classes.\n\nThe spaces of Higgs bundles with values in K(n) for n > 0 turn out to be essential to the story. Indeed, we show that their direct limit has the homotopy type of the classifying space of the gauge group, and hence has cohomology generated by universal classes. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 14H60 (primary), 14D20, 14H81, 32Q55, 58D27 (secondary). " author: - first_name: Tamas full_name: Tamas Hausel id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hausel - first_name: Michael full_name: Thaddeus, Michael last_name: Thaddeus citation: ama: Hausel T, Thaddeus M. Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 2004;88(3):632-658. doi:10.1112/S0024611503014618 apa: Hausel, T., & Thaddeus, M. (2004). Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618 chicago: Hausel, Tamás, and Michael Thaddeus. “Generators for the Cohomology Ring of the Moduli Space of Rank 2 Higgs Bundles.” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Oxford University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618. ieee: T. Hausel and M. Thaddeus, “Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles,” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 88, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 632–658, 2004. ista: Hausel T, Thaddeus M. 2004. Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 88(3), 632–658. mla: Hausel, Tamás, and Michael Thaddeus. “Generators for the Cohomology Ring of the Moduli Space of Rank 2 Higgs Bundles.” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 88, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 632–58, doi:10.1112/S0024611503014618. short: T. Hausel, M. Thaddeus, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 88 (2004) 632–658. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:10Z date_published: 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:55Z day: '01' doi: 10.1112/S0024611503014618 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 88' issue: '3' main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0003093 month: '05' oa: 1 page: 632 - 658 publication: Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press publist_id: '5736' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles type: journal_article volume: 88 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '1963' abstract: - lang: eng text: The mechanism coupling electron transfer and proton pumping in respiratory complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) has not been established, but it has been suggested that it involves conformational changes. Here, the influence of substrates on the conformation of purified complex I from Escherichia coli was studied by cross-linking and electron microscopy. When a zero-length cross-linking reagent was used, the presence of NAD(P)H, in contrast to that of NAD+, prevented the formation of cross-links between the hydrophilic subunits of the complex, including NuoB, NuoI, and NuoCD. Comparisons using different cross-linkers suggested that NuoB, which is likely to coordinate the key iron-sulfur cluster N2, is the most mobile subunit. The presence of NAD(P)H led also to enhanced proteolysis of subunit NuoG. These data indicate that upon NAD(P)H binding, the peripheral arm of the complex adopts a more open conformation, with increased distances between subunits. Single particle analysis showed the nature of this conformational change. The enzyme retains its L-shape in the presence of NADH, but exhibits a significantly more open or expanded structure both in the peripheral arm and, unexpectedly, in the membrane domain also. acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council and by a Royal Society/North Atlantic Treaty Organization postdoctoral fellowship (to A. A. M.) author: - first_name: Aygun full_name: Mamedova, Aygun A last_name: Mamedova - first_name: Peter full_name: Holt, Peter J last_name: Holt - first_name: Joe full_name: Carroll, Joe D last_name: Carroll - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Leonid Sazanov id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 citation: ama: Mamedova A, Holt P, Carroll J, Sazanov LA. Substrate-induced conformational change in bacterial complex I. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004;279(22):23830-23836. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401539200 apa: Mamedova, A., Holt, P., Carroll, J., & Sazanov, L. A. (2004). Substrate-induced conformational change in bacterial complex I. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401539200 chicago: Mamedova, Aygun, Peter Holt, Joe Carroll, and Leonid A Sazanov. “Substrate-Induced Conformational Change in Bacterial Complex I.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401539200. ieee: A. Mamedova, P. Holt, J. Carroll, and L. A. Sazanov, “Substrate-induced conformational change in bacterial complex I,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 22. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 23830–23836, 2004. ista: Mamedova A, Holt P, Carroll J, Sazanov LA. 2004. Substrate-induced conformational change in bacterial complex I. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279(22), 23830–23836. mla: Mamedova, Aygun, et al. “Substrate-Induced Conformational Change in Bacterial Complex I.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 22, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2004, pp. 23830–36, doi:10.1074/jbc.M401539200. short: A. Mamedova, P. Holt, J. Carroll, L.A. Sazanov, Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (2004) 23830–23836. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:56Z date_published: 2004-05-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:22Z day: '28' doi: 10.1074/jbc.M401539200 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 279' issue: '22' month: '05' page: 23830 - 23836 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '5123' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Substrate-induced conformational change in bacterial complex I type: journal_article volume: 279 year: '2004' ... --- _id: '209' author: - first_name: Timothy D full_name: Timothy Browning id: 35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Browning orcid: 0000-0002-8314-0177 - first_name: Roger full_name: Heath-Brown, Roger last_name: Heath Brown citation: ama: Browning TD, Heath Brown R. Equal sums of three powers. Inventiones Mathematicae. 2004;157(3):553-573. doi:10.1007/s00222-004-0360-9 apa: Browning, T. D., & Heath Brown, R. (2004). Equal sums of three powers. Inventiones Mathematicae. Unknown. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-004-0360-9 chicago: Browning, Timothy D, and Roger Heath Brown. “Equal Sums of Three Powers.” Inventiones Mathematicae. Unknown, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-004-0360-9. ieee: T. D. Browning and R. Heath Brown, “Equal sums of three powers,” Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 157, no. 3. Unknown, pp. 553–573, 2004. ista: Browning TD, Heath Brown R. 2004. Equal sums of three powers. Inventiones Mathematicae. 157(3), 553–573. mla: Browning, Timothy D., and Roger Heath Brown. “Equal Sums of Three Powers.” Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 157, no. 3, Unknown, 2004, pp. 553–73, doi:10.1007/s00222-004-0360-9. short: T.D. Browning, R. Heath Brown, Inventiones Mathematicae 157 (2004) 553–573. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:13Z date_published: 2004-03-17T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:14Z day: '17' doi: 10.1007/s00222-004-0360-9 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 157' issue: '3' month: '03' page: 553 - 573 publication: Inventiones Mathematicae publication_status: published publisher: Unknown publist_id: '7703' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Equal sums of three powers type: journal_article volume: 157 year: '2004' ...