--- _id: '2990' abstract: - lang: eng text: Plant growth is marked by its adaptability to continuous changes in environment. A regulated, differential distribution of auxin underlies many adaptation processes including organogenesis, meristem patterning and tropisms. In executing its multiple roles, auxin displays some characteristics of both a hormone and a morphogen. Studies on auxin transport, as well as tracing the intracellular movement of its molecular components, have suggested a possible scenario to explain how growth plasticity is conferred at the cellular and molecular level. The plant perceives stimuli and changes the subcellular position of auxin-transport components accordingly. These changes modulate auxin fluxes, and the newly established auxin distribution triggers the corresponding developmental response. author: - first_name: Jirí full_name: Friml, Jirí id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 citation: ama: Friml J. Auxin transport - Shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2003;6(1):7-12. doi:10.1016/S1369526602000031 apa: Friml, J. (2003). Auxin transport - Shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369526602000031 chicago: Friml, Jiří. “Auxin Transport - Shaping the Plant.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology. Elsevier, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369526602000031. ieee: J. Friml, “Auxin transport - Shaping the plant,” Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 6, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 7–12, 2003. ista: Friml J. 2003. Auxin transport - Shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 6(1), 7–12. mla: Friml, Jiří. “Auxin Transport - Shaping the Plant.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, Elsevier, 2003, pp. 7–12, doi:10.1016/S1369526602000031. short: J. Friml, Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6 (2003) 7–12. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:43Z date_published: 2003-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:17Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/S1369526602000031 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 6' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa_version: None page: 7 - 12 publication: Current Opinion in Plant Biology publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '3711' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Auxin transport - Shaping the plant type: journal_article user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 6 year: '2003' ... --- _id: '2992' abstract: - lang: eng text: Plants have many polarized cell types, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms that establish polarity. The orc mutant was identified originally by defects in root patterning, and positional cloning revealed that the affected gene encodes STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1, which is required for the appropriate synthesis and composition of major membrane sterols. smt1orc mutants displayed several conspicuous cell polarity defects. Columella root cap cells revealed perturbed polar positioning of different organelles, and in the smt1orc root epidermis, polar initiation of root hairs was more randomized. Polar auxin transport and expression of the auxin reporter DR5-β-glucuronidase were aberrant in smt1orc. Patterning defects in smt1orc resembled those observed in mutants of the PIN gene family of putative auxin efflux transporters. Consistently, the membrane localization of the PIN1 and PIN3 proteins was disturbed in smt1orc, whereas polar positioning of the influx carrier AUX1 appeared normal. Our results suggest that balanced sterol composition is a major requirement for cell polarity and auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. author: - first_name: Viola full_name: Willemsen, Viola last_name: Willemsen - first_name: Jirí full_name: Jirí Friml id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - first_name: Markus full_name: Grebe, Markus last_name: Grebe - first_name: Albert full_name: Van Den Toorn, Albert last_name: Van Den Toorn - first_name: Klaus full_name: Palme, Klaus last_name: Palme - first_name: Ben full_name: Scheres, Ben last_name: Scheres citation: ama: Willemsen V, Friml J, Grebe M, Van Den Toorn A, Palme K, Scheres B. Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function. Plant Cell. 2003;15(3):612-625. doi:10.1105/tpc.008433 apa: Willemsen, V., Friml, J., Grebe, M., Van Den Toorn, A., Palme, K., & Scheres, B. (2003). Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function. Plant Cell. American Society of Plant Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.008433 chicago: Willemsen, Viola, Jiří Friml, Markus Grebe, Albert Van Den Toorn, Klaus Palme, and Ben Scheres. “Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function.” Plant Cell. American Society of Plant Biologists, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.008433. ieee: V. Willemsen, J. Friml, M. Grebe, A. Van Den Toorn, K. Palme, and B. Scheres, “Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function,” Plant Cell, vol. 15, no. 3. American Society of Plant Biologists, pp. 612–625, 2003. ista: Willemsen V, Friml J, Grebe M, Van Den Toorn A, Palme K, Scheres B. 2003. Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function. Plant Cell. 15(3), 612–625. mla: Willemsen, Viola, et al. “Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function.” Plant Cell, vol. 15, no. 3, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2003, pp. 612–25, doi:10.1105/tpc.008433. short: V. Willemsen, J. Friml, M. Grebe, A. Van Den Toorn, K. Palme, B. Scheres, Plant Cell 15 (2003) 612–625. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:44Z date_published: 2003-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:18Z day: '01' doi: 10.1105/tpc.008433 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 15' issue: '3' month: '03' page: 612 - 625 publication: Plant Cell publication_status: published publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists publist_id: '3710' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function type: journal_article volume: 15 year: '2003' ... --- _id: '2996' abstract: - lang: eng text: | Plants, compared to animals, exhibit an amazing adaptability and plasticity in their development. This is largely dependent on the ability of plants to form new organs, such as lateral roots, leaves, and flowers during postembryonic development. Organ primordia develop from founder cell populations into organs by coordinated cell division and differentiation. Here, we show that organ formation in Arabidopsis involves dynamic gradients of the signaling molecule auxin with maxima at the primordia tips. These gradients are mediated by cellular efflux requiring asymmetrically localized PIN proteins, which represent a functionally redundant network for auxin distribution in both aerial and underground organs. PIN1 polar localization undergoes a dynamic rearrangement, which correlates with establishment of auxin gradients and primordium development. Our results suggest that PIN-dependent, local auxin gradients represent a common module for formation of all plant organs, regardless of their mature morphology or developmental origin. author: - first_name: Eva full_name: Eva Benková id: 38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Benková orcid: 0000-0002-8510-9739 - first_name: Marta full_name: Michniewicz, Marta last_name: Michniewicz - first_name: Michael full_name: Sauer, Michael last_name: Sauer - first_name: Thomas full_name: Teichmann, Thomas last_name: Teichmann - first_name: Daniela full_name: Seifertová, Daniela last_name: Seifertová - first_name: Gerd full_name: Jürgens, Gerd last_name: Jürgens - first_name: Jirí full_name: Jirí Friml id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 citation: ama: Benková E, Michniewicz M, Sauer M, et al. Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation. Cell. 2003;115(5):591-602. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3 apa: Benková, E., Michniewicz, M., Sauer, M., Teichmann, T., Seifertová, D., Jürgens, G., & Friml, J. (2003). Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation. Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3 chicago: Benková, Eva, Marta Michniewicz, Michael Sauer, Thomas Teichmann, Daniela Seifertová, Gerd Jürgens, and Jiří Friml. “Local, Efflux-Dependent Auxin Gradients as a Common Module for Plant Organ Formation.” Cell. Cell Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3. ieee: E. Benková et al., “Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation,” Cell, vol. 115, no. 5. Cell Press, pp. 591–602, 2003. ista: Benková E, Michniewicz M, Sauer M, Teichmann T, Seifertová D, Jürgens G, Friml J. 2003. Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation. Cell. 115(5), 591–602. mla: Benková, Eva, et al. “Local, Efflux-Dependent Auxin Gradients as a Common Module for Plant Organ Formation.” Cell, vol. 115, no. 5, Cell Press, 2003, pp. 591–602, doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3. short: E. Benková, M. Michniewicz, M. Sauer, T. Teichmann, D. Seifertová, G. Jürgens, J. Friml, Cell 115 (2003) 591–602. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:46Z date_published: 2003-11-26T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:19Z day: '26' doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 115' issue: '5' month: '11' page: 591 - 602 publication: Cell publication_status: published publisher: Cell Press publist_id: '3706' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation type: journal_article volume: 115 year: '2003' ... --- _id: '2995' abstract: - lang: eng text: | Axis formation occurs in plants, as in animals, during early embryogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the first manifestation of the apical-basal axis in plants, the asymmetric division of the zygote, produces a basal cell that transports and an apical cell that responds to the signalling molecule auxin. This apical-basal auxin activity gradient triggers the specification of apical embryo structures and is actively maintained by a novel component of auxin efflux, PIN7, which is located apically in the basal cell. Later, the developmentally regulated reversal of PIN7 and onset of PIN1 polar localization reorganize the auxin gradient for specification of the basal root pole. An analysis of pin quadruple mutants identifies PIN-dependent transport as an essential part of the mechanism for embryo axis formation. Our results indicate how the establishment of cell polarity, polar auxin efflux and local auxin response result in apical-basal axis formation of the embryo, and thus determine the axiality of the adult plant. author: - first_name: Jirí full_name: Jirí Friml id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - first_name: Anne full_name: Vieten, Anne last_name: Vieten - first_name: Michael full_name: Sauer, Michael last_name: Sauer - first_name: Dolf full_name: Weijers, Dolf last_name: Weijers - first_name: Heinz full_name: Schwarz, Heinz last_name: Schwarz - first_name: Thorsten full_name: Hamann, Thorsten last_name: Hamann - first_name: Remko full_name: Offringa, Remko last_name: Offringa - first_name: Gerd full_name: Jürgens, Gerd last_name: Jürgens citation: ama: Friml J, Vieten A, Sauer M, et al. Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis. Nature. 2003;426(6963):147-153. doi:10.1038/nature02085 apa: Friml, J., Vieten, A., Sauer, M., Weijers, D., Schwarz, H., Hamann, T., … Jürgens, G. (2003). Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02085 chicago: Friml, Jiří, Anne Vieten, Michael Sauer, Dolf Weijers, Heinz Schwarz, Thorsten Hamann, Remko Offringa, and Gerd Jürgens. “Efflux Dependent Auxin Gradients Establish the Apical Basal Axis of Arabidopsis.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02085. ieee: J. Friml et al., “Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis,” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6963. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 147–153, 2003. ista: Friml J, Vieten A, Sauer M, Weijers D, Schwarz H, Hamann T, Offringa R, Jürgens G. 2003. Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis. Nature. 426(6963), 147–153. mla: Friml, Jiří, et al. “Efflux Dependent Auxin Gradients Establish the Apical Basal Axis of Arabidopsis.” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6963, Nature Publishing Group, 2003, pp. 147–53, doi:10.1038/nature02085. short: J. Friml, A. Vieten, M. Sauer, D. Weijers, H. Schwarz, T. Hamann, R. Offringa, G. Jürgens, Nature 426 (2003) 147–153. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:45Z date_published: 2003-11-13T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:19Z day: '13' doi: 10.1038/nature02085 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 426' issue: '6963' month: '11' page: 147 - 153 publication: Nature publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '3708' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis type: journal_article volume: 426 year: '2003' ... --- _id: '2994' abstract: - lang: eng text: The regular arrangement of leaves around a plant's stem, called phyllotaxis, has for centuries attracted the attention of philosophers, mathematicians and natural scientists; however, to date, studies of phyllotaxis have been largely theoretical. Leaves and flowers are formed from the shoot apical meristem, triggered by the plant hormone auxin. Auxin is transported through plant tissues by specific cellular influx and efflux carrier proteins. Here we show that proteins involved in auxin transport regulate phyllotaxis. Our data indicate that auxin is transported upwards into the meristem through the epidermis and the outermost meristem cell layer. Existing leaf primordia act as sinks, redistributing auxin and creating its heterogeneous distribution in the meristem. Auxin accumulation occurs only at certain minimal distances from existing primordia, defining the position of future primordia. This model for phyllotaxis accounts for its reiterative nature, as well as its regularity and stability. author: - first_name: Didier full_name: Reinhardt, Didier last_name: Reinhardt - first_name: Eva full_name: Pesce, Eva-Rachele last_name: Pesce - first_name: Pia full_name: Stieger, Pia last_name: Stieger - first_name: Therese full_name: Mandel, Therese last_name: Mandel - first_name: Kurt full_name: Baltensperger, Kurt last_name: Baltensperger - first_name: Malcolm full_name: Bennett, Malcolm last_name: Bennett - first_name: Jan full_name: Traas, Jan last_name: Traas - first_name: Jirí full_name: Jirí Friml id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - first_name: Cris full_name: Kuhlemeier, Cris last_name: Kuhlemeier citation: ama: Reinhardt D, Pesce E, Stieger P, et al. Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport. Nature. 2003;426(6964):255-260. doi:10.1038/nature02081 apa: Reinhardt, D., Pesce, E., Stieger, P., Mandel, T., Baltensperger, K., Bennett, M., … Kuhlemeier, C. (2003). Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02081 chicago: Reinhardt, Didier, Eva Pesce, Pia Stieger, Therese Mandel, Kurt Baltensperger, Malcolm Bennett, Jan Traas, Jiří Friml, and Cris Kuhlemeier. “Regulation of Phyllotaxis by Polar Auxin Transport.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02081. ieee: D. Reinhardt et al., “Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport,” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6964. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 255–260, 2003. ista: Reinhardt D, Pesce E, Stieger P, Mandel T, Baltensperger K, Bennett M, Traas J, Friml J, Kuhlemeier C. 2003. Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport. Nature. 426(6964), 255–260. mla: Reinhardt, Didier, et al. “Regulation of Phyllotaxis by Polar Auxin Transport.” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6964, Nature Publishing Group, 2003, pp. 255–60, doi:10.1038/nature02081. short: D. Reinhardt, E. Pesce, P. Stieger, T. Mandel, K. Baltensperger, M. Bennett, J. Traas, J. Friml, C. Kuhlemeier, Nature 426 (2003) 255–260. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:45Z date_published: 2003-11-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:18Z day: '20' doi: 10.1038/nature02081 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 426' issue: '6964' month: '11' page: 255 - 260 publication: Nature publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '3707' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport type: journal_article volume: 426 year: '2003' ...