---
_id: '2990'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Plant growth is marked by its adaptability to continuous changes in environment.
A regulated, differential distribution of auxin underlies many adaptation processes
including organogenesis, meristem patterning and tropisms. In executing its multiple
roles, auxin displays some characteristics of both a hormone and a morphogen.
Studies on auxin transport, as well as tracing the intracellular movement of its
molecular components, have suggested a possible scenario to explain how growth
plasticity is conferred at the cellular and molecular level. The plant perceives
stimuli and changes the subcellular position of auxin-transport components accordingly.
These changes modulate auxin fluxes, and the newly established auxin distribution
triggers the corresponding developmental response.
author:
- first_name: Jirí
full_name: Friml, Jirí
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
ama: Friml J. Auxin transport - Shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant Biology.
2003;6(1):7-12. doi:10.1016/S1369526602000031
apa: Friml, J. (2003). Auxin transport - Shaping the plant. Current Opinion in
Plant Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369526602000031
chicago: Friml, Jiří. “Auxin Transport - Shaping the Plant.” Current Opinion
in Plant Biology. Elsevier, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369526602000031.
ieee: J. Friml, “Auxin transport - Shaping the plant,” Current Opinion in Plant
Biology, vol. 6, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 7–12, 2003.
ista: Friml J. 2003. Auxin transport - Shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant
Biology. 6(1), 7–12.
mla: Friml, Jiří. “Auxin Transport - Shaping the Plant.” Current Opinion in Plant
Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, Elsevier, 2003, pp. 7–12, doi:10.1016/S1369526602000031.
short: J. Friml, Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6 (2003) 7–12.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:43Z
date_published: 2003-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:17Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S1369526602000031
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 7 - 12
publication: Current Opinion in Plant Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '3711'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Auxin transport - Shaping the plant
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '2992'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Plants have many polarized cell types, but relatively little is known about
the mechanisms that establish polarity. The orc mutant was identified originally
by defects in root patterning, and positional cloning revealed that the affected
gene encodes STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1, which is required for the appropriate
synthesis and composition of major membrane sterols. smt1orc mutants displayed
several conspicuous cell polarity defects. Columella root cap cells revealed perturbed
polar positioning of different organelles, and in the smt1orc root epidermis,
polar initiation of root hairs was more randomized. Polar auxin transport and
expression of the auxin reporter DR5-β-glucuronidase were aberrant in smt1orc.
Patterning defects in smt1orc resembled those observed in mutants of the PIN gene
family of putative auxin efflux transporters. Consistently, the membrane localization
of the PIN1 and PIN3 proteins was disturbed in smt1orc, whereas polar positioning
of the influx carrier AUX1 appeared normal. Our results suggest that balanced
sterol composition is a major requirement for cell polarity and auxin efflux in
Arabidopsis.
author:
- first_name: Viola
full_name: Willemsen, Viola
last_name: Willemsen
- first_name: Jirí
full_name: Jirí Friml
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Grebe, Markus
last_name: Grebe
- first_name: Albert
full_name: Van Den Toorn, Albert
last_name: Van Den Toorn
- first_name: Klaus
full_name: Palme, Klaus
last_name: Palme
- first_name: Ben
full_name: Scheres, Ben
last_name: Scheres
citation:
ama: Willemsen V, Friml J, Grebe M, Van Den Toorn A, Palme K, Scheres B. Cell polarity
and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function.
Plant Cell. 2003;15(3):612-625. doi:10.1105/tpc.008433
apa: Willemsen, V., Friml, J., Grebe, M., Van Den Toorn, A., Palme, K., & Scheres,
B. (2003). Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL
METHYLTRANSFERASE1 function. Plant Cell. American Society of Plant Biologists.
https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.008433
chicago: Willemsen, Viola, Jiří Friml, Markus Grebe, Albert Van Den Toorn, Klaus
Palme, and Ben Scheres. “Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis
Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function.” Plant Cell. American Society
of Plant Biologists, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.008433.
ieee: V. Willemsen, J. Friml, M. Grebe, A. Van Den Toorn, K. Palme, and B. Scheres,
“Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1
function,” Plant Cell, vol. 15, no. 3. American Society of Plant Biologists,
pp. 612–625, 2003.
ista: Willemsen V, Friml J, Grebe M, Van Den Toorn A, Palme K, Scheres B. 2003.
Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1
function. Plant Cell. 15(3), 612–625.
mla: Willemsen, Viola, et al. “Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis
Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function.” Plant Cell, vol. 15, no. 3,
American Society of Plant Biologists, 2003, pp. 612–25, doi:10.1105/tpc.008433.
short: V. Willemsen, J. Friml, M. Grebe, A. Van Den Toorn, K. Palme, B. Scheres,
Plant Cell 15 (2003) 612–625.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:44Z
date_published: 2003-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:18Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1105/tpc.008433
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 15'
issue: '3'
month: '03'
page: 612 - 625
publication: Plant Cell
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists
publist_id: '3710'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Cell polarity and PIN protein positioning in Arabidopsis require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1
function
type: journal_article
volume: 15
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '2996'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: |
Plants, compared to animals, exhibit an amazing adaptability and plasticity in their development. This is largely dependent on the ability of plants to form new organs, such as lateral roots, leaves, and flowers during postembryonic development. Organ primordia develop from founder cell populations into organs by coordinated cell division and differentiation. Here, we show that organ formation in Arabidopsis involves dynamic gradients of the signaling molecule auxin with maxima at the primordia tips. These gradients are mediated by cellular efflux requiring asymmetrically localized PIN proteins, which represent a functionally redundant network for auxin distribution in both aerial and underground organs. PIN1 polar localization undergoes a dynamic rearrangement, which correlates with establishment of auxin gradients and primordium development. Our results suggest that PIN-dependent, local auxin gradients represent a common module for formation of all plant organs, regardless of their mature morphology or developmental origin.
author:
- first_name: Eva
full_name: Eva Benková
id: 38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Benková
orcid: 0000-0002-8510-9739
- first_name: Marta
full_name: Michniewicz, Marta
last_name: Michniewicz
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Sauer, Michael
last_name: Sauer
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Teichmann, Thomas
last_name: Teichmann
- first_name: Daniela
full_name: Seifertová, Daniela
last_name: Seifertová
- first_name: Gerd
full_name: Jürgens, Gerd
last_name: Jürgens
- first_name: Jirí
full_name: Jirí Friml
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
ama: Benková E, Michniewicz M, Sauer M, et al. Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients
as a common module for plant organ formation. Cell. 2003;115(5):591-602.
doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3
apa: Benková, E., Michniewicz, M., Sauer, M., Teichmann, T., Seifertová, D., Jürgens,
G., & Friml, J. (2003). Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common
module for plant organ formation. Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3
chicago: Benková, Eva, Marta Michniewicz, Michael Sauer, Thomas Teichmann, Daniela
Seifertová, Gerd Jürgens, and Jiří Friml. “Local, Efflux-Dependent Auxin Gradients
as a Common Module for Plant Organ Formation.” Cell. Cell Press, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3.
ieee: E. Benková et al., “Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common
module for plant organ formation,” Cell, vol. 115, no. 5. Cell Press, pp.
591–602, 2003.
ista: Benková E, Michniewicz M, Sauer M, Teichmann T, Seifertová D, Jürgens G, Friml
J. 2003. Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant
organ formation. Cell. 115(5), 591–602.
mla: Benková, Eva, et al. “Local, Efflux-Dependent Auxin Gradients as a Common Module
for Plant Organ Formation.” Cell, vol. 115, no. 5, Cell Press, 2003, pp.
591–602, doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3.
short: E. Benková, M. Michniewicz, M. Sauer, T. Teichmann, D. Seifertová, G. Jürgens,
J. Friml, Cell 115 (2003) 591–602.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:46Z
date_published: 2003-11-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:19Z
day: '26'
doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00924-3
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 115'
issue: '5'
month: '11'
page: 591 - 602
publication: Cell
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '3706'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ
formation
type: journal_article
volume: 115
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '2995'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: |
Axis formation occurs in plants, as in animals, during early embryogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the first manifestation of the apical-basal axis in plants, the asymmetric division of the zygote, produces a basal cell that transports and an apical cell that responds to the signalling molecule auxin. This apical-basal auxin activity gradient triggers the specification of apical embryo structures and is actively maintained by a novel component of auxin efflux, PIN7, which is located apically in the basal cell. Later, the developmentally regulated reversal of PIN7 and onset of PIN1 polar localization reorganize the auxin gradient for specification of the basal root pole. An analysis of pin quadruple mutants identifies PIN-dependent transport as an essential part of the mechanism for embryo axis formation. Our results indicate how the establishment of cell polarity, polar auxin efflux and local auxin response result in apical-basal axis formation of the embryo, and thus determine the axiality of the adult plant.
author:
- first_name: Jirí
full_name: Jirí Friml
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Vieten, Anne
last_name: Vieten
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Sauer, Michael
last_name: Sauer
- first_name: Dolf
full_name: Weijers, Dolf
last_name: Weijers
- first_name: Heinz
full_name: Schwarz, Heinz
last_name: Schwarz
- first_name: Thorsten
full_name: Hamann, Thorsten
last_name: Hamann
- first_name: Remko
full_name: Offringa, Remko
last_name: Offringa
- first_name: Gerd
full_name: Jürgens, Gerd
last_name: Jürgens
citation:
ama: Friml J, Vieten A, Sauer M, et al. Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish
the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis. Nature. 2003;426(6963):147-153. doi:10.1038/nature02085
apa: Friml, J., Vieten, A., Sauer, M., Weijers, D., Schwarz, H., Hamann, T., … Jürgens,
G. (2003). Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of
Arabidopsis. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02085
chicago: Friml, Jiří, Anne Vieten, Michael Sauer, Dolf Weijers, Heinz Schwarz, Thorsten
Hamann, Remko Offringa, and Gerd Jürgens. “Efflux Dependent Auxin Gradients Establish
the Apical Basal Axis of Arabidopsis.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group,
2003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02085.
ieee: J. Friml et al., “Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical
basal axis of Arabidopsis,” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6963. Nature Publishing
Group, pp. 147–153, 2003.
ista: Friml J, Vieten A, Sauer M, Weijers D, Schwarz H, Hamann T, Offringa R, Jürgens
G. 2003. Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis.
Nature. 426(6963), 147–153.
mla: Friml, Jiří, et al. “Efflux Dependent Auxin Gradients Establish the Apical
Basal Axis of Arabidopsis.” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6963, Nature Publishing
Group, 2003, pp. 147–53, doi:10.1038/nature02085.
short: J. Friml, A. Vieten, M. Sauer, D. Weijers, H. Schwarz, T. Hamann, R. Offringa,
G. Jürgens, Nature 426 (2003) 147–153.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:45Z
date_published: 2003-11-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:19Z
day: '13'
doi: 10.1038/nature02085
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 426'
issue: '6963'
month: '11'
page: 147 - 153
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '3708'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Efflux dependent auxin gradients establish the apical basal axis of Arabidopsis
type: journal_article
volume: 426
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '2994'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The regular arrangement of leaves around a plant's stem, called phyllotaxis,
has for centuries attracted the attention of philosophers, mathematicians and
natural scientists; however, to date, studies of phyllotaxis have been largely
theoretical. Leaves and flowers are formed from the shoot apical meristem, triggered
by the plant hormone auxin. Auxin is transported through plant tissues by specific
cellular influx and efflux carrier proteins. Here we show that proteins involved
in auxin transport regulate phyllotaxis. Our data indicate that auxin is transported
upwards into the meristem through the epidermis and the outermost meristem cell
layer. Existing leaf primordia act as sinks, redistributing auxin and creating
its heterogeneous distribution in the meristem. Auxin accumulation occurs only
at certain minimal distances from existing primordia, defining the position of
future primordia. This model for phyllotaxis accounts for its reiterative nature,
as well as its regularity and stability.
author:
- first_name: Didier
full_name: Reinhardt, Didier
last_name: Reinhardt
- first_name: Eva
full_name: Pesce, Eva-Rachele
last_name: Pesce
- first_name: Pia
full_name: Stieger, Pia
last_name: Stieger
- first_name: Therese
full_name: Mandel, Therese
last_name: Mandel
- first_name: Kurt
full_name: Baltensperger, Kurt
last_name: Baltensperger
- first_name: Malcolm
full_name: Bennett, Malcolm
last_name: Bennett
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Traas, Jan
last_name: Traas
- first_name: Jirí
full_name: Jirí Friml
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Cris
full_name: Kuhlemeier, Cris
last_name: Kuhlemeier
citation:
ama: Reinhardt D, Pesce E, Stieger P, et al. Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar
auxin transport. Nature. 2003;426(6964):255-260. doi:10.1038/nature02081
apa: Reinhardt, D., Pesce, E., Stieger, P., Mandel, T., Baltensperger, K., Bennett,
M., … Kuhlemeier, C. (2003). Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport.
Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02081
chicago: Reinhardt, Didier, Eva Pesce, Pia Stieger, Therese Mandel, Kurt Baltensperger,
Malcolm Bennett, Jan Traas, Jiří Friml, and Cris Kuhlemeier. “Regulation of Phyllotaxis
by Polar Auxin Transport.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02081.
ieee: D. Reinhardt et al., “Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport,”
Nature, vol. 426, no. 6964. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 255–260, 2003.
ista: Reinhardt D, Pesce E, Stieger P, Mandel T, Baltensperger K, Bennett M, Traas
J, Friml J, Kuhlemeier C. 2003. Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport.
Nature. 426(6964), 255–260.
mla: Reinhardt, Didier, et al. “Regulation of Phyllotaxis by Polar Auxin Transport.”
Nature, vol. 426, no. 6964, Nature Publishing Group, 2003, pp. 255–60,
doi:10.1038/nature02081.
short: D. Reinhardt, E. Pesce, P. Stieger, T. Mandel, K. Baltensperger, M. Bennett,
J. Traas, J. Friml, C. Kuhlemeier, Nature 426 (2003) 255–260.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:45Z
date_published: 2003-11-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:18Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1038/nature02081
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 426'
issue: '6964'
month: '11'
page: 255 - 260
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '3707'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport
type: journal_article
volume: 426
year: '2003'
...