--- _id: '11677' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We present an algorithm for maintaining the biconnected components of a graph during a sequence of edge insertions and deletions. It requires linear storage and preprocessing time. The amortized running time for insertions and for deletions isO(m 2/3 ), wherem is the number of edges in the graph. Any query of the form ‘Are the verticesu andv biconnected?’ can be answered in timeO(1). This is the first sublinear algorithm for this problem. We can also output all articulation points separating any two vertices efficiently.\r\n\r\nIf the input is a plane graph, the amortized running time for insertions and deletions drops toO(√n logn) and the query time isO(log2 n), wheren is the number of vertices in the graph. The best previously known solution takes timeO(n 2/3 ) per update or query." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: Henzinger MH. Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs. Algorithmica. 1995;13(6):503-538. doi:10.1007/bf01189067 apa: Henzinger, M. H. (1995). Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs. Algorithmica. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067 chicago: Henzinger, Monika H. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity in Graphs.” Algorithmica. Springer Nature, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01189067. ieee: M. H. Henzinger, “Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs,” Algorithmica, vol. 13, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 503–538, 1995. ista: Henzinger MH. 1995. Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs. Algorithmica. 13(6), 503–538. mla: Henzinger, Monika H. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity in Graphs.” Algorithmica, vol. 13, no. 6, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 503–38, doi:10.1007/bf01189067. short: M.H. Henzinger, Algorithmica 13 (1995) 503–538. date_created: 2022-07-27T14:50:46Z date_published: 1995-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-09-12T09:00:14Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/bf01189067 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '6' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa_version: None page: 503-538 publication: Algorithmica publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0541 issn: - 0178-4617 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Fully dynamic biconnectivity in graphs type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 13 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '11684' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'This paper presents an algorithm for the fully dynamic biconnectivity problem whose running time is exponentially faster than all previously known solutions. It is the first dynamic algorithm that answers biconnectivity queries in time O(log/sup 2/n) in a n-node graph and can be updated after an edge insertion or deletion in polylogarithmic time. Our algorithm is a Las-Vegas style randomized algorithm with the update time amortized update time O(log/sup 4/n). Only recently the best deterministic result for this problem was improved to O(/spl radic/nlog/sup 2/n). We also give the first fully dynamic and a novel deletions-only transitive closure (i.e. directed connectivity) algorithms. These are randomized Monte Carlo algorithms. Let n be the number of nodes in the graph and let m/spl circ/ be the average number of edges in the graph during the whole update sequence: The fully dynamic algorithms achieve (1) query time O(n/logn) and update time O(m/spl circ//spl radic/nlog/sup 2/n+n); or (2) query time O(n/logn) and update time O(nm/spl circ//sup /spl mu/-1/)log/sup 2/n=O(nm/spl circ//sup 0.58/log/sup 2/n), where /spl mu/ is the exponent for boolean matrix multiplication (currently /spl mu/=2.38). The deletions-only algorithm answers queries in time O(n/logn). Its amortized update time is O(nlog/sup 2/n).' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 - first_name: V. full_name: King, V. last_name: King citation: ama: 'Henzinger MH, King V. Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure. In: Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 1995:664-672. doi:10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668' apa: 'Henzinger, M. H., & King, V. (1995). Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure. In Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science (pp. 664–672). Milwaukee, WI, United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668' chicago: Henzinger, Monika H, and V. King. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity and Transitive Closure.” In Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science, 664–72. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668. ieee: M. H. Henzinger and V. King, “Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure,” in Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 1995, pp. 664–672. ista: Henzinger MH, King V. 1995. Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure. Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science. Foundations of Computer Science, 664–672. mla: Henzinger, Monika H., and V. King. “Fully Dynamic Biconnectivity and Transitive Closure.” Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995, pp. 664–72, doi:10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668. short: M.H. Henzinger, V. King, in:, Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995, pp. 664–672. conference: end_date: 1995-10-25 location: Milwaukee, WI, United States name: Foundations of Computer Science start_date: 1995-10-23 date_created: 2022-07-28T11:28:13Z date_published: 1995-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-09T11:35:17Z day: '01' doi: 10.1109/SFCS.1995.492668 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa_version: None page: 664-672 publication: Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science publication_identifier: isbn: - 0-8186-7183-1 issn: - 0272-5428 publication_status: published publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Fully dynamic biconnectivity and transitive closure type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '11806' abstract: - lang: eng text: This paper presents insertions-only algorithms for maintaining the exact and approximate size of the minimum edge cut and the minimum vertex cut of a graph. The algorithms output the approximate or exact size k in time O(1) or O(log n) and a cut of size k in time linear in its size. The amortized time per insertion is O(1/ε 2) for a (2+ε)-approximation, O((log λ)((log n)/ε)2) for a (1+ε)-approximation, and O(λ log n) for the exact size of the minimum edge cut, where n is the number of nodes in the graph, λ is the size of the minimum cut and ε>0. The (2+ε)-approximation algorithm and the exact algorithm are deterministic, the (1+ε)-approximation algorithm is randomized. The algorithms are optimal in the sense that the time needed for m insertions matches the time needed by the best static algorithm on a m-edge graph. We also present a static 2-approximation algorithm for the size κ of the minimum vertex cut in a graph, which takes time O(n 2 min(√n,κ)). This is a factor of κ faster than the best algorithm for computing the exact size, which takes time O(κ 2 n 2 +κ 3 n 1.5). We give an insertionsonly algorithm for maintaining a (2+ε)-approximation of the minimum vertex cut with amortized insertion time O(n(logκk)/ε). alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: 'Henzinger MH. Approximating minimum cuts under insertions. In: 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. Vol 944. Springer Nature; 1995:280–291. doi:10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81' apa: 'Henzinger, M. H. (1995). Approximating minimum cuts under insertions. In 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (Vol. 944, pp. 280–291). Szeged, Hungary: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81' chicago: Henzinger, Monika H. “Approximating Minimum Cuts under Insertions.” In 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, 944:280–291. Springer Nature, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81. ieee: M. H. Henzinger, “Approximating minimum cuts under insertions,” in 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Szeged, Hungary, 1995, vol. 944, pp. 280–291. ista: 'Henzinger MH. 1995. Approximating minimum cuts under insertions. 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, LNCS, vol. 944, 280–291.' mla: Henzinger, Monika H. “Approximating Minimum Cuts under Insertions.” 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, vol. 944, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 280–291, doi:10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81. short: M.H. Henzinger, in:, 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 280–291. conference: end_date: 1995-07-14 location: Szeged, Hungary name: 'ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming' start_date: 1995-07-10 date_created: 2022-08-11T14:17:33Z date_published: 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-14T08:09:08Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-60084-1_81 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 944' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: 280–291 publication: 22nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming publication_identifier: eisbn: - '9783540600848' eissn: - 1611-3349 isbn: - '9783540494256' issn: - 0302-9743 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Approximating minimum cuts under insertions type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 944 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '11805' abstract: - lang: eng text: In this paper, we present sparse certificates for biconnectivity together with algorithms for updating these certificates. We thus obtain fully-dynamic algorithms for biconnectivity in graphs that run in O(√n log n log⌈m/n⌉) amortized time per operation, where m is the number of edges and n is the number of nodes in the graph. This improves upon the results in [11], in which algorithms were presented running in O(√m) amortized time, and solves the open problem to find certificates to speed up biconnectivity, as stated in [2]. alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 - first_name: Han full_name: Poutré, Han last_name: Poutré citation: ama: 'Henzinger MH, Poutré H. Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs. In: 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms. Vol 979. Springer Nature; 1995:171–184. doi:10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142' apa: 'Henzinger, M. H., & Poutré, H. (1995). Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs. In 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (Vol. 979, pp. 171–184). Corfu, Greece: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142' chicago: Henzinger, Monika H, and Han Poutré. “Certificates and Fast Algorithms for Biconnectivity in Fully-Dynamic Graphs.” In 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, 979:171–184. Springer Nature, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142. ieee: M. H. Henzinger and H. Poutré, “Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs,” in 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Corfu, Greece, 1995, vol. 979, pp. 171–184. ista: 'Henzinger MH, Poutré H. 1995. Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs. 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LNCS, vol. 979, 171–184.' mla: Henzinger, Monika H., and Han Poutré. “Certificates and Fast Algorithms for Biconnectivity in Fully-Dynamic Graphs.” 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, vol. 979, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 171–184, doi:10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142. short: M.H. Henzinger, H. Poutré, in:, 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Springer Nature, 1995, pp. 171–184. conference: end_date: 1995-09-27 location: Corfu, Greece name: 'ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms' start_date: 1995-09-25 date_created: 2022-08-11T14:09:52Z date_published: 1995-09-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-14T08:02:03Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-60313-1_142 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 979' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa_version: None page: 171–184 publication: 3rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms publication_identifier: eisbn: - '9783540449133' eissn: - 1611-3349 isbn: - '9783540603139' issn: - 0302-9743 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Certificates and fast algorithms for biconnectivity in fully-dynamic graphs type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 979 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '11928' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We present a model with restricted randomness for edge updates in dynamic graph algorithms and a general technique\r\nfor analyzing the expected running time of an update operation. This model is able to capture the average case in many applications, since (1) it allows restrictions on the set of edges which can be used for insertions and (2) the type (insertion or deletion) of each update operation is arbitrary, i.e., not random. We use our technique to analyze existing and new dynamic algorithms for maximum cardinality matching, minimum spanning forest, connectivity, 2-edge connectivity,\r\nk-edge connectivity, k-vertex connectivity, and bipartiteness. Given a random graph G with mo edges and n vertices and\r\na sequence of 1 update operations such that the graph contains rni edges after operation i, the expected time for performing the updates for any 1 is O(1 logn + n xi=, l/fii) in the case of minimum spanning forests, connectivity, 2-\r\nedge connectivity, and bipartiteness. The expected time per update operation is O(n) in the case of maximum matching. For k-edge and k-vertex connectivity we also give improved bounds. Additionally we give an insertions-only algorithm for maximum cardinality matching with worst-case O(n) amortized time per insertion. " article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: David full_name: Alberts, David last_name: Alberts - first_name: Monika H full_name: Henzinger, Monika H id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530 citation: ama: 'Alberts D, Henzinger MH. Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms. In: 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; 1995:312-321.' apa: 'Alberts, D., & Henzinger, M. H. (1995). Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms. In 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (pp. 312–321). San Francisco, CA, United States: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.' chicago: Alberts, David, and Monika H Henzinger. “Average Case Analysis of Dynamic Graph Algorithms.” In 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 312–21. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1995. ieee: D. Alberts and M. H. Henzinger, “Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms,” in 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, San Francisco, CA, United States, 1995, pp. 312–321. ista: 'Alberts D, Henzinger MH. 1995. Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms. 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 312–321.' mla: Alberts, David, and Monika H. Henzinger. “Average Case Analysis of Dynamic Graph Algorithms.” 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1995, pp. 312–21. short: D. Alberts, M.H. Henzinger, in:, 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1995, pp. 312–321. conference: end_date: 1995-01-24 location: San Francisco, CA, United States name: 'SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms' start_date: 1995-01-22 date_created: 2022-08-19T07:10:23Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-21T16:24:58Z day: '01' extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/313651.313712 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 312-321 publication: 6th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms publication_identifier: isbn: - '0898713498' publication_status: published publisher: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '11680' relation: later_version status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Average case analysis of dynamic graph algorithms type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '1943' abstract: - lang: eng text: Transhydrogenase from beef-heart mitochondria was solubilised with Triton X-100 and purified by column chromatography. The detergent-dispersed enzyme catalysed the reduction of acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPdAD+) by NADH, but only in the presence of NADP+. Experiments showed that this reaction was cyclic; NADP(H), whilst remaining bound to the enzyme, was alternately reduced by NADH and oxidised by AcPdAD+. A period of incubation of the enzyme with NADPH at pH 6.0 led to inhibition of the simple transhydrogenation reaction between AcPdAD+ and NADPH. However, after such treatment, transhydrogenase acquired the ability to catalyse the (NADPH-dependent) reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH. It is suggested that this is a similar cycle to the one described above. Evidently, the binding affinity for NADP+ increases as a consequence of the inhibition process resulting from prolonged incubation with NADPH. The pH dependences of simple and cyclic transhydrogenation reactions are described. Though more complex than those in Escherichia coli transhydrogenase, they are consistent with the view [Hutton, M., Day, J.M., Bizouarn, T. and Jackson, J.B. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 1041–10511] that, also in the mitochondrial enzyme, binding the release of NADP+ and NADP are accompanied by binding and release of a proton. The enzyme was successfully reconstituted into liposomes by a cholate dilution procedure. The proteoliposomes catalysed cyclic NADPH-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH only when they were tightly coupled. However, they catalysed cyclic NADP+-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH only when they were uncoupled eg. by addition of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. These observations are evidence that the proton binding and release which accompany NADP+ binding and release, respectively, take place on the inside of the vesicle, and that they are components of the electrogenic processes of the enzyme. acknowledgement: 'L.A.S. is grateful to the Wellcome Trust for a Research Fellowship. Support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council is also acknowledged. We thank our colleagues. Tania Bizouarn, Mike Hutton and Nick Cotton, for advice and valuable discussion. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 - first_name: Baz full_name: Jackson, Baz last_name: Jackson citation: ama: Sazanov LA, Jackson B. Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1995;1231(3):304-312. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2 apa: Sazanov, L. A., & Jackson, B. (1995). Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2 chicago: Sazanov, Leonid A, and Baz Jackson. “Cyclic Reactions Catalysed by Detergent-Dispersed and Reconstituted Transhydrogenase from Beef Heart Mitochondria; Implications for the Mechanism of Proton Translocation.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2. ieee: L. A. Sazanov and B. Jackson, “Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1231, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 304–312, 1995. ista: Sazanov LA, Jackson B. 1995. Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1231(3), 304–312. mla: Sazanov, Leonid A., and Baz Jackson. “Cyclic Reactions Catalysed by Detergent-Dispersed and Reconstituted Transhydrogenase from Beef Heart Mitochondria; Implications for the Mechanism of Proton Translocation.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1231, no. 3, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 304–12, doi:10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2. short: L.A. Sazanov, B. Jackson, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics 1231 (1995) 304–312. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:50Z date_published: 1995-10-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-29T15:04:47Z day: '10' doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7578218' intvolume: ' 1231' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005272895000962?via%3Dihub month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 304 - 312 pmid: 1 publication: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics publication_identifier: issn: - 0005-2728 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '5142' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 1231 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2465' abstract: - lang: eng text: Auxins play a crucial role in the regulation of spatial and temporal aspects of plant growth and development1. As well as being required for the division, enlargement and differentiation of individual plant cells, auxins also function as signals between cells, tissues and organs. In this way they contribute to the coordination and integration of growth and development in the whole plant and to physiological responses of plants to environmental cues (63). At the individual cell level, fast changes or pulses in hormone concentration may function to initiate or to terminate a developmental process. In contrast, the maintenance of a stable concentration of the hormone (homeostasis) may be necessary to maintain the progress of a developmental event that has already been initiated. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: David full_name: Morris, David last_name: Morris - first_name: Jirí full_name: Friml, Jirí id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - first_name: Eva full_name: Zažímalová, Eva last_name: Zažímalová citation: ama: 'Morris D, Friml J, Zažímalová E. Auxin transport. In: Davies P, ed. Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!. Kluwer; 1995:451-484. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_21' apa: 'Morris, D., Friml, J., & Zažímalová, E. (1995). Auxin transport. In P. Davies (Ed.), Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action! (pp. 451–484). Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_21' chicago: 'Morris, David, Jiří Friml, and Eva Zažímalová. “Auxin Transport.” In Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!, edited by Peter Davies, 451–84. Kluwer, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_21.' ieee: 'D. Morris, J. Friml, and E. Zažímalová, “Auxin transport,” in Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!, P. Davies, Ed. Kluwer, 1995, pp. 451–484.' ista: 'Morris D, Friml J, Zažímalová E. 1995.Auxin transport. In: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action! , 451–484.' mla: 'Morris, David, et al. “Auxin Transport.” Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!, edited by Peter Davies, Kluwer, 1995, pp. 451–84, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_21.' short: 'D. Morris, J. Friml, E. Zažímalová, in:, P. Davies (Ed.), Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!, Kluwer, 1995, pp. 451–484.' date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:49Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-29T14:45:32Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_21 editor: - first_name: Peter full_name: Davies, Peter last_name: Davies extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_21 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 451 - 484 publication: 'Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!' publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-1-4020-2684-3 publication_status: published publisher: Kluwer publist_id: '4438' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Auxin transport type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2491' abstract: - lang: eng text: The distribution of mRNAs for metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR4 and mGluR7, which are highly sensitive for L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L- AP4), was examined in the central nervous system of the rat by in situ hybridization. In general, the hybridization signals of mGluR7 mRNA were more widely distributed than those of mGluR4 mRNA, and differential expression of mGluR4 mRNA and mGluR7 mRNA was clearly indicated in some brain regions. Intense or moderate expression of mGluR4 mRNA was detected in the granule cells of the olfactory bulb and cerebellum, whereas no significant expression of mGluR7 mRNA was found in these cells. In other neurons or regions where mGluR7 mRNA was intensely or moderately expressed, no significant expression of mGluR4 mRNA was observed. Such were the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb; anterior olfactory nucleus; neocortical regions; cingulate cortex; retrosplenial cortex; piriform cortex; perirhinal cortex; CA1; CA3; granule cells of the dentate gyrus; superficial layers of the subicular cortex; deep layers of the entorhinal, parasubicular, and presubicular cortices; ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus; septohippocampal nucleus; triangular septal nucleus; nuclei of the diagonal band; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; ventral pallidum; claustrum; amygdaloid nuclei other than the intercalated nuclei; preoptic region; hypothalamic nuclei other than the medial mammillary nucleus; ventral lateral geniculate nucleus; locus coeruleus; Purkinje cells; many nuclei of the lower brainstem other than the superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, interpeduncular nucleus, pontine nuclei, and dorsal cochlear nucleus; and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Both mGluR4 mRNA and mGluR7 mRNA were moderately or intensely expressed in the olfactory tubercle, superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex, CA4, septofimbrial nucleus, intercalated nuclei of the amygdala, medial mammillary nucleus, many thalamic nuclei, and pontine nuclei. Intense expression of both mGluR4 mRNA and mGluR7 mRNA was further detected in the trigeminal ganglion and dorsal root ganglia, whereas no significant expression of them was found in the pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion. The results indicate differential roles of the L-AP4-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptors in the glutamatergic nervous system. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Akira Uesugi for photographic help. This work has been supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Chihiro full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro last_name: Akazawa - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Ohishi H, Akazawa C, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Distributions of the mRNAs for L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR4 and mGluR7, in the rat brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1995;360(4):555-570. doi:10.1002/cne.903600402 apa: Ohishi, H., Akazawa, C., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1995). Distributions of the mRNAs for L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR4 and mGluR7, in the rat brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903600402 chicago: Ohishi, Hitoshi, Chihiro Akazawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Distributions of the MRNAs for L-2-Amino-4-Phosphonobutyrate-Sensitive Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR4 and MGluR7, in the Rat Brain.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903600402. ieee: H. Ohishi, C. Akazawa, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Distributions of the mRNAs for L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR4 and mGluR7, in the rat brain,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 360, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 555–570, 1995. ista: Ohishi H, Akazawa C, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1995. Distributions of the mRNAs for L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR4 and mGluR7, in the rat brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 360(4), 555–570. mla: Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Distributions of the MRNAs for L-2-Amino-4-Phosphonobutyrate-Sensitive Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR4 and MGluR7, in the Rat Brain.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 360, no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 555–70, doi:10.1002/cne.903600402. short: H. Ohishi, C. Akazawa, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Journal of Comparative Neurology 360 (1995) 555–570. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:59Z date_published: 1995-10-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-29T13:08:19Z day: '02' doi: 10.1002/cne.903600402 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8801249' intvolume: ' 360' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cne.903600402 month: '10' oa_version: None page: 555 - 570 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Comparative Neurology publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9967 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '4410' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Distributions of the mRNAs for L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR4 and mGluR7, in the rat brain type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 360 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2559' abstract: - lang: eng text: Taking advantage of the restricted expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6 (mGIuR6) in retinal ON bipolar cells, we generated knockout mice lacking mGIuR6 expression. The homozygous mutant mice showed a loss of ON responses but unchanged OFF responses to light. The mutant mice displayed no obvious changes in retinal cell organization nor in the projection of optic fibers to the brain. Furthermore, the mGIuR6-deficient mice showed visual behavioral responses to light stimulation as examined by shuttle box avoidance behavior experiments using light exposure as a conditioned stimulus. The results demonstrate that mGIuR6 is essential in synaptic transmission to the ON bipolar cell and that the OFF response provides an important means for transmitting visual information. acknowledgement: We thank Drs. N. Mizuno, M. Iso, M. Tachibana, A. Kaneko, M. Tessier-Lavigne, and T. Hensch for useful advice and A. Uesugi for photographic assistance. This work is supported by grants in aid for specially promoted research, for scientific research on priority areas, and for scientific research (A) from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture in Japan and by grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Sankyo Foundation, and the Senri Life Science Foundation. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Masu, Masayuki last_name: Masu - first_name: Hideki full_name: Iwakabe, Hideki last_name: Iwakabe - first_name: Yoshiaki full_name: Tagawa, Yoshiaki last_name: Tagawa - first_name: Tomomitsu full_name: Miyoshi, Tomomitsu last_name: Miyoshi - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Yamashita, Masayuki last_name: Yamashita - first_name: Yutaka full_name: Fukuda, Yutaka last_name: Fukuda - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Sasaki, Hitoshi last_name: Sasaki - first_name: Kano full_name: Hiroi, Kano last_name: Hiroi - first_name: Yasuhisa full_name: Nakamura, Yasuhisa last_name: Nakamura - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Kenji full_name: Nakamura, Kenji last_name: Nakamura - first_name: Kazuki full_name: Nakao, Kazuki last_name: Nakao - first_name: Motoya full_name: Katsuki, Motoya last_name: Katsuki - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Masu M, Iwakabe H, Tagawa Y, et al. Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene. Cell. 1995;80(5):757-765. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2 apa: Masu, M., Iwakabe, H., Tagawa, Y., Miyoshi, T., Yamashita, M., Fukuda, Y., … Nakanishi, S. (1995). Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene. Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2 chicago: Masu, Masayuki, Hideki Iwakabe, Yoshiaki Tagawa, Tomomitsu Miyoshi, Masayuki Yamashita, Yutaka Fukuda, Hitoshi Sasaki, et al. “Specific Deficit of the ON Response in Visual Transmission by Targeted Disruption of the MGIuR6 Gene.” Cell. Cell Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2. ieee: M. Masu et al., “Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene,” Cell, vol. 80, no. 5. Cell Press, pp. 757–765, 1995. ista: Masu M, Iwakabe H, Tagawa Y, Miyoshi T, Yamashita M, Fukuda Y, Sasaki H, Hiroi K, Nakamura Y, Shigemoto R, Takada M, Nakamura K, Nakao K, Katsuki M, Nakanishi S. 1995. Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene. Cell. 80(5), 757–765. mla: Masu, Masayuki, et al. “Specific Deficit of the ON Response in Visual Transmission by Targeted Disruption of the MGIuR6 Gene.” Cell, vol. 80, no. 5, Cell Press, 1995, pp. 757–65, doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2. short: M. Masu, H. Iwakabe, Y. Tagawa, T. Miyoshi, M. Yamashita, Y. Fukuda, H. Sasaki, K. Hiroi, Y. Nakamura, R. Shigemoto, M. Takada, K. Nakamura, K. Nakao, M. Katsuki, S. Nakanishi, Cell 80 (1995) 757–765. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:23Z date_published: 1995-02-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T13:27:50Z day: '10' doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7889569' intvolume: ' 80' issue: '5' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0092867495903542 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 757 - 765 pmid: 1 publication: Cell publication_identifier: issn: - 0092-8674 publication_status: published publisher: Cell Press publist_id: '4339' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 80 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2558' abstract: - lang: eng text: Brain areas involved in the genesis and control of daily rhythms receive a prominent neural input that contains the neurotransmitter substance P (SP), a peptide putatively involved in the synchronization of circadian rhythms by environmental light. We investigated the localization of receptors to SP in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) and in the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus (IGL) of the rat and hamster using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Consistently with that previously described in the rat, a neuronal population distributed along the lateral margin and at the dorso-latero-caudal aspect of the hamster SCN expresses moderately the mRNA encoding the SP receptor. In both rat and hamster, immunohistochemical data confirm the previous finding and reveal an almost complete absence of SP receptors in the ventral part of the SCN, which receives a direct projection from the retina. In the IGL of both species, numerous neurons prominently express the mRNA encoding the SP receptor. The immunostaining shows a high density of SP receptors on perikarya and dendrites throughout the nucleus. A dense staining is also observed on individual cells and processes bordering the lumen of blood vessels in the SCN and IGL. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Gérard full_name: Mick, Gérard last_name: Mick - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Kunio full_name: Kitahama, Kunio last_name: Kitahama citation: ama: Mick G, Shigemoto R, Kitahama K. Localization of substance P receptors in central neural structures controlling daily rhythms in nocturnal rodents. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences - Series III. 1995;318(2):209-217. apa: Mick, G., Shigemoto, R., & Kitahama, K. (1995). Localization of substance P receptors in central neural structures controlling daily rhythms in nocturnal rodents. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series III. Gauthier Villars Editeur. chicago: Mick, Gérard, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Kunio Kitahama. “Localization of Substance P Receptors in Central Neural Structures Controlling Daily Rhythms in Nocturnal Rodents.” Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series III. Gauthier Villars Editeur, 1995. ieee: G. Mick, R. Shigemoto, and K. Kitahama, “Localization of substance P receptors in central neural structures controlling daily rhythms in nocturnal rodents,” Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences - Series III, vol. 318, no. 2. Gauthier Villars Editeur, pp. 209–217, 1995. ista: Mick G, Shigemoto R, Kitahama K. 1995. Localization of substance P receptors in central neural structures controlling daily rhythms in nocturnal rodents. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences - Series III. 318(2), 209–217. mla: Mick, Gérard, et al. “Localization of Substance P Receptors in Central Neural Structures Controlling Daily Rhythms in Nocturnal Rodents.” Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series III, vol. 318, no. 2, Gauthier Villars Editeur, 1995, pp. 209–17. short: G. Mick, R. Shigemoto, K. Kitahama, Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series III 318 (1995) 209–217. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:23Z date_published: 1995-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-29T08:18:48Z day: '01' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7757814 ' intvolume: ' 318' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7757814/ month: '02' oa_version: None page: 209 - 217 pmid: 1 publication: Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Series III publication_identifier: issn: - 0764-4469 publication_status: published publisher: Gauthier Villars Editeur publist_id: '4340' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Localization of substance P receptors in central neural structures controlling daily rhythms in nocturnal rodents type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 318 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2561' abstract: - lang: eng text: An antibody which recognizes specifically a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, was produced by using a trpE fusion protein containing a C-terminal sequence of rat mGluR7. Neuropil in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the rat, as well as many neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion, showed mGluR7-like immunoreactivity; the immunoreactivity in neuropil was seen in axon terminals, which were filled with round synaptic vesicles and constituted axodendritic and axosomatic asymmetric synapses. The mGluR7-like immunoreactivity in laminae I and II in the dorsal horn was reduced after dorsal rhizotomy. The results indicate that some axon terminals of the primary afferent fibers to laminae I and II of the dorsal horn are provided with mGluR7. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Sakashi full_name: Nomura, Sakashi last_name: Nomura - first_name: Yu full_name: Ding, Yu last_name: Ding - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Eiki full_name: Wada, Eiki last_name: Wada - first_name: Ayae full_name: Kinoshita, Ayae last_name: Kinoshita - first_name: Jin full_name: Li, Jin last_name: Li - first_name: Akio full_name: Neki, Akio last_name: Neki - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Ohishi H, Nomura S, Ding Y, et al. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1995;202(1-2):85-88. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9' apa: 'Ohishi, H., Nomura, S., Ding, Y., Shigemoto, R., Wada, E., Kinoshita, A., … Mizuno, N. (1995). Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9' chicago: 'Ohishi, Hitoshi, Sakashi Nomura, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Eiki Wada, Ayae Kinoshita, Jin Li, Akio Neki, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in the Primary Afferent Neurons: An Immunohistochemical Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9.' ieee: 'H. Ohishi et al., “Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 202, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 85–88, 1995.' ista: 'Ohishi H, Nomura S, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Wada E, Kinoshita A, Li J, Neki A, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1995. Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 202(1–2), 85–88.' mla: 'Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Presynaptic Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR7, in the Primary Afferent Neurons: An Immunohistochemical Study in the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 202, no. 1–2, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 85–88, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9.' short: H. Ohishi, S. Nomura, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, E. Wada, A. Kinoshita, J. Li, A. Neki, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 202 (1995) 85–88. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:24Z date_published: 1995-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T12:44:57Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12207-9 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8787837' intvolume: ' 202' issue: 1-2 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304394095122079?via%3Dihub month: '12' oa_version: None page: 85 - 88 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4337' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Presynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR7, in the primary afferent neurons: An immunohistochemical study in the rat' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 202 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2560' abstract: - lang: eng text: Chemical irritation of the urinary bladder with formalin in the rat induced c-fos protein-like immunoreactivity in more than 80% of substance P receptor-like immunoreactive (SPR-LI) neurons of the dorsal commissural nucleus, sacral parasympathetic nucleus and lamina I in the 6th lumbar and 1st sacral cord segments. These neurons with SPR-LI may receive noxious information from the urinary bladder through the primary afferent fibers with substance P. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yan full_name: Lü, Yan last_name: Lü - first_name: Shan full_name: Jin, Shan last_name: Jin - first_name: Tian full_name: Xu, Tian last_name: Xu - first_name: Bing full_name: Qin, Bing last_name: Qin - first_name: Ji full_name: Li, Ji last_name: Li - first_name: Yu full_name: Ding, Yu last_name: Ding - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Lü Y, Jin S, Xu T, et al. Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1995;198(2):139-142. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5' apa: 'Lü, Y., Jin, S., Xu, T., Qin, B., Li, J., Ding, Y., … Mizuno, N. (1995). Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5' chicago: 'Lü, Yan, Shan Jin, Tian Xu, Bing Qin, Ji Li, Yu Ding, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Expression of C-Fos Protein in Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactive Neurons in Response to Noxious Stimuli on the Urinary Bladder: An Observation in the Lumbosacral Cord Segments of the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5.' ieee: 'Y. Lü et al., “Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 198, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 139–142, 1995.' ista: 'Lü Y, Jin S, Xu T, Qin B, Li J, Ding Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1995. Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 198(2), 139–142.' mla: 'Lü, Yan, et al. “Expression of C-Fos Protein in Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactive Neurons in Response to Noxious Stimuli on the Urinary Bladder: An Observation in the Lumbosacral Cord Segments of the Rat.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 198, no. 2, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 139–42, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5.' short: Y. Lü, S. Jin, T. Xu, B. Qin, J. Li, Y. Ding, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 198 (1995) 139–142. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:23Z date_published: 1995-09-29T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T12:54:14Z day: '29' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11991-5 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8592640' intvolume: ' 198' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304394095119915?via%3Dihub month: '09' oa_version: None page: 139 - 142 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4338' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 198 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2556' abstract: - lang: eng text: By using substance P receptor (SPR) immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with fluorescent retrograde labeling, SPR-like immunoreactive (SPR-LI) neurons sending their axons to the lateral parabrachial region were observed in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. After injection of Fluoro-Gold into the lateral parabrachial region, retrogradely labeled neurons with SPR-LI were seen frequently in lamina I and the lateral spinal nucleus, and occasionally in laminae IV and V, with a predominantly contralateral distribution. Some of these neurons, especially those in lamina I, may convey nociceptive information to the lateral parabrachial region. acknowledgement: The authors are grateful for photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Special Research on Priority Areas 05267104, Scientific Research (B) 05454658, and Scientific Research (C) 06680735 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yu full_name: Ding, Yu last_name: Ding - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Ding Y, Takada M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Spinoparabrachial tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. Brain Research. 1995;674(2):336-340. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00022-I apa: Ding, Y., Takada, M., Shigemoto, R., & Mizuno, N. (1995). Spinoparabrachial tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. Brain Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00022-I chicago: Ding, Yu, Masahiko Takada, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Spinoparabrachial Tract Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Rat.” Brain Research. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00022-I. ieee: Y. Ding, M. Takada, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Spinoparabrachial tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat,” Brain Research, vol. 674, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 336–340, 1995. ista: Ding Y, Takada M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1995. Spinoparabrachial tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. Brain Research. 674(2), 336–340. mla: Ding, Yu, et al. “Spinoparabrachial Tract Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Rat.” Brain Research, vol. 674, no. 2, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 336–40, doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00022-I. short: Y. Ding, M. Takada, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Brain Research 674 (1995) 336–340. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:22Z date_published: 1995-03-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-29T08:32:01Z day: '20' doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00022-I extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7796113' intvolume: ' 674' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000689939500022I?via%3Dihub month: '03' oa_version: None page: 336 - 340 pmid: 1 publication: Brain Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0006-8993 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4341' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Spinoparabrachial tract neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 674 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2563' abstract: - lang: eng text: By means of substance P receptor (SPR) immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with Fluoro-Gold fluorescent retrograde labeling, SPR-like immunoreactive neurons in the caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat were observed to send their axons to the nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse and ventrolateral part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus bilaterally with a clear ipsilateral dominance. These neurons were distributed mainly in lamina I, and additionally in lamina III. acknowledgement: 'The authors are grateful for photographic help of Ms. Miao-Li Zhang and Mr. Akira Uesugi. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Special Research on Priority Areas 05267104, Scientific Research (B) 05454658, and Scientific Research (C) 06680735 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yu full_name: Ding, Yu last_name: Ding - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Ding Y, Takada M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Neuroscience Research. 1995;23(4):415-418. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R apa: Ding, Y., Takada, M., Shigemoto, R., & Mizuno, N. (1995). Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Neuroscience Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R chicago: Ding, Yu, Masahiko Takada, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Trigeminoparabrachial Projection Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” Neuroscience Research. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R. ieee: Y. Ding, M. Takada, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat,” Neuroscience Research, vol. 23, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 415–418, 1995. ista: Ding Y, Takada M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1995. Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat. Neuroscience Research. 23(4), 415–418. mla: Ding, Yu, et al. “Trigeminoparabrachial Projection Neurons Showing Substance P Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in the Rat.” Neuroscience Research, vol. 23, no. 4, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 415–18, doi:10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R. short: Y. Ding, M. Takada, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Research 23 (1995) 415–418. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:24Z date_published: 1995-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T09:50:42Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0168-0102(95)00961-R extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8602281' intvolume: ' 23' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016801029500961R?via%3Dihub month: '11' oa_version: None page: 415 - 418 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0168-0102 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4336' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons showing substance P receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 23 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2712' abstract: - lang: eng text: We study the generalizations of the well-known Lieb-Thirring inequality for the magnetic Schrödinger operator with a nonconstant magnetic field. We use stochastic methods to prove estimates on the moments of the negative eigenvalues. acknowledgement: Work supported by the NSF grant PHY90-19433 A02, by the Alfred Sloan Foundation dissertation Fellowship and by the Erwin Schrödinger Institute for Mathematical Physics in Vienna. alternative_title: - 'Operator Theory: Advances and Applications' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: László full_name: Erdös, László id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Erdös orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603 citation: ama: 'Erdös L. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals. In: Vol 78. Birkhäuser; 1995:127-132. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13' apa: 'Erdös, L. (1995). Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals (Vol. 78, pp. 127–132). Presented at the International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics, Holzhau, Germany: Birkhäuser. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13' chicago: Erdös, László. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities and Stochastic Oscillatory Integrals,” 78:127–32. Birkhäuser, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13. ieee: L. Erdös, “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals,” presented at the International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics, Holzhau, Germany, 1995, vol. 78, pp. 127–132. ista: 'Erdös L. 1995. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals. International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, vol. 78, 127–132.' mla: Erdös, László. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities and Stochastic Oscillatory Integrals. Vol. 78, Birkhäuser, 1995, pp. 127–32, doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13. short: L. Erdös, in:, Birkhäuser, 1995, pp. 127–132. conference: end_date: 1995-07-09 location: Holzhau, Germany name: International Conference on Partial Differential Operators and Mathematical Physics start_date: 1995-07-03 date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:12Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T09:31:20Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 78' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-0348-9092-2_13 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 127 - 132 publication_status: published publisher: Birkhäuser publist_id: '4184' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities and stochastic oscillatory integrals type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 78 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2724' abstract: - lang: eng text: We study the generalizations of the well-known Lieb-Thirring inequality for the magnetic Schrödinger operator with nonconstant magnetic field. Our main result is the naturally expected magnetic Lieb-Thirring estimate on the moments of the negative eigenvalues for a certain class of magnetic fields (including even some unbounded ones). We develop a localization technique in path space of the stochastic Feynman-Kac representation of the heat kernel which effectively estimates the oscillatory effect due to the magnetic phase factor. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: László full_name: Erdös, László id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Erdös orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603 citation: ama: Erdös L. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1995;170(3):629-668. doi:10.1007/BF02099152 apa: Erdös, L. (1995). Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities. Communications in Mathematical Physics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152 chicago: Erdös, László. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities.” Communications in Mathematical Physics. Springer, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099152. ieee: L. Erdös, “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities,” Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 170, no. 3. Springer, pp. 629–668, 1995. ista: Erdös L. 1995. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 170(3), 629–668. mla: Erdös, László. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities.” Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 170, no. 3, Springer, 1995, pp. 629–68, doi:10.1007/BF02099152. short: L. Erdös, Communications in Mathematical Physics 170 (1995) 629–668. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:16Z date_published: 1995-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T09:19:36Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF02099152 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 170' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02099152 month: '06' oa_version: None page: 629 - 668 publication: Communications in Mathematical Physics publication_identifier: issn: - 0010-3616 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '4168' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 170 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3454' abstract: - lang: eng text: The study of gene expression and regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a daunting task because of the diversity of neuronal phenotypes and the complexity of many protein classes. Molecular cloning revealed the presence of a large number of different protein families in the CNS, each comprising several members. Ligand-gated ion channels may serve as an example to illustrate this point (for review, see Unwin, 1993). Heterologous expression combined with electrophysiological analysis suggests that ligand-gated channels are multimeric proteins with functional properties depending on the subunit composition. Very little is known, however, about how the functional properties of the recombinant and native receptors relate to each other. Thus, it is of eminent importance to elucidate the subunit expression profile in different types of neurons in the CNS and to correlate this with the functional properties of the native receptors. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Hannah full_name: Monyer, Hannah last_name: Monyer - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Monyer H, Jonas PM. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. Single-Channel Recording. Plenum; 1995:357-373. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16' apa: Monyer, H., & Jonas, P. M. (1995). Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In B. Sakmann & E. Neher (Eds.), Single-channel recording (pp. 357–373). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16 chicago: Monyer, Hannah, and Peter M Jonas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices.” In Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, 357–73. Plenum, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16. ieee: H. Monyer and P. M. Jonas, “Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices,” in Single-channel recording, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Eds. Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–373. ista: 'Monyer H, Jonas PM. 1995.Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In: Single-channel recording. , 357–373.' mla: Monyer, Hannah, and Peter M. Jonas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices.” Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–73, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16. short: H. Monyer, P.M. Jonas, in:, B. Sakmann, E. Neher (Eds.), Single-Channel Recording, Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–373. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:25Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T09:13:01Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16 editor: - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann - first_name: Erwin full_name: Neher, Erwin last_name: Neher extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 357 - 373 publication: Single-channel recording publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-0-306-44870-6 publication_status: published publisher: Plenum publist_id: '2933' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3455' abstract: - lang: eng text: At a synapse, the transmitter is stored in synaptic vesicles and is released into the synaptic cleft almost instantaneously upon fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Subsequently, the transmitter diffuses to ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic density, binds to them, and thereby causes channel activation. Unfortunately, we have estimates neither of the exact amount of transmitter in the synaptic vesicle nor of the concentration in the synaptic cleft reaching the postsynaptic receptors, and in some cases even the identity of the transmitter is unknown. These questions may be addressed by modeling of release and diffusion. Such a theoretical approach, however, is based on several assumptions, some of which lack experimental evidence. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Jonas PM. Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. Single-Channel Recording. Plenum; 1995:231-243. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10' apa: Jonas, P. M. (1995). Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In B. Sakmann & E. Neher (Eds.), Single-channel recording (pp. 231–243). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10 chicago: Jonas, Peter M. “Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patches.” In Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, 231–43. Plenum, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10. ieee: P. M. Jonas, “Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches,” in Single-channel recording, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Eds. Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–243. ista: 'Jonas PM. 1995.Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In: Single-channel recording. , 231–243.' mla: Jonas, Peter M. “Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patches.” Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–43, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10. short: P.M. Jonas, in:, B. Sakmann, E. Neher (Eds.), Single-Channel Recording, Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–243. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:25Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T08:51:40Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10 editor: - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann - first_name: Erwin full_name: Neher, Erwin last_name: Neher extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 231 - 243 publication: Single-channel recording publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-0-306-44870-6 publication_status: published publisher: Plenum publist_id: '2932' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3461' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Nail full_name: Burnashev, Nail last_name: Burnashev citation: ama: Jonas PM, Burnashev N. Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. 1995;15(5):987-990. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X apa: Jonas, P. M., & Burnashev, N. (1995). Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X chicago: Jonas, Peter M, and Nail Burnashev. “Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Calcium Entry through  AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels.” Neuron. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X. ieee: P. M. Jonas and N. Burnashev, “Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels,” Neuron, vol. 15, no. 5. Elsevier, pp. 987–990, 1995. ista: Jonas PM, Burnashev N. 1995. Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through  AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. 15(5), 987–990. mla: Jonas, Peter M., and Nail Burnashev. “Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Calcium Entry through  AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels.” Neuron, vol. 15, no. 5, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 987–90, doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X. short: P.M. Jonas, N. Burnashev, Neuron 15 (1995) 987–990. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:27Z date_published: 1995-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T08:34:36Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7576666' intvolume: ' 15' issue: '5' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089662739590087X?via%3Dihub month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 987 - 990 pmid: 1 publication: Neuron publication_identifier: issn: - 0896-6273 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '2926' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 15 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3478' abstract: - lang: eng text: 1. Properties of dendritic glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were investigated using fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from the apical dendrites of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. CA3 patches were formed (15-76 μm from the soma) in the region of messy fibre (MF) synapses, and CA1 patches (25-174 μm from the soma) in the region of Schaffer collateral (SC) innervation. 2. Dual-component responses consisting of a rapidly rising and decaying component followed by a second, substantially slower, component were elicited by 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate in the presence of 10 μM glycine and absence of external Mg2+. The fast component was selectively blocked by 2-5 μM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and the slow component by 30 μM D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5), suggesting that the fast and slow components were mediated by the GluR channels of the L-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and NMDA type, respectively. The peak amplitude ratio of the NMDA to AMPA receptor-mediated components varied between 0.03 and 0.62 in patches from both CA3 and CA1 dendrites. Patches lacking either component were rarely observed. 3. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the fast component was almost linear, whereas the I-V relationship of the slow component showed a region of negative slope in the presence of 1 mM external Mg2+. The reversal potential for both components was close to 0 mV. 4. Kainate-preferring GluR channels did not contribute appreciably to the response to glutamate. The responses to 100 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate were mimicked by application of 1 mM AMPA, whereas 1 mM kainate produced much smaller, weakly desensitizing currents. This suggests that the fast component is primarily mediated by the action of glutamate on AMPA-preferring receptors. 5. The mean elementary conductance of AMPA receptor channels was about 10 pS, as estimated by non-stationary fluctuation analysis. The permeability of these channels to Ca2+ was low (~5% of the permeability to Cs+). 6. The elementary conductance of NMDA receptor channels was larger, with a main conductance state of about 45 pS. These channels were 3.6 times more permeable to Ca2+ than to Cs+. 7. AMPA receptor-mediated currents activated rapidly in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate and deactivated with a predominant, fast time constant and a smaller, slower component (τ1≃2 ms, τ2≃8 ms, contributing ~80 and ~20% to the total decay amplitude, respectively). Desensitization of the current during a 100 ms pulse was best fitted by two time constants (τ1≃10 ms, ~60%; τ2≃34 ms, ~40%). 8. NMDA receptor-mediated currents in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate activated and deactivated much more slowly than AMPA receptor-mediated currents. The time course could be described by a single exponential rising phase (τ≃7 ms) followed by a double exponential decay (τ1≃200 ms, ~80%; τ2≃1-3 s, ~20%). 9. Mg2+ blocked the NMDA component in a voltage-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 21 μM at -80 mV. At physiological Mg2+ concentrations, block of the NMDA component could be rapidly relieved with voltage jumps from negative to positive potentials. Block of the current upon return to negative potentials occurred almost instantaneously. 10. Zn2+ also selectively-blocked the NMDA receptor-mediated current with an IC50 of 22 μM, but this block differed from that of Mg2+ in that it showed little voltage dependence. Rapid application of Zn2+ together with glutamate produced partial block of the current. More block was observed if Zn2+ and glutamate were co-applied when NMDA receptor channels were already open. 11. The functional properties of dendritic GluRs were similar to those found at the soma. Knowledge of these properties facilitated simulations investigating the contribution of coactivated AMPA and NMDA receptors to synaptic depolarization and Ca2+ entry into dendritic spines. Because of its slow deactivation, the NMDA receptor-mediated current contributes substantially to depolarization and Ca2+ entry and is susceptible to modulation over a period of seconds, either by backpropagating action potentials or by the release of Zn2+ from presynaptic boutons. acknowledgement: We thank M.Hausser, A.Roth, P.Ruppersberg, and G.Stuart for helpful discussions and M.H. and G.S. for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank M.Kaiser for expert technical assistance and F.Helmchen, M.Huke and A.Roth for computer programming. Financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB317) is gratefully acknowledged. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nelson full_name: Spruston, Nelson last_name: Spruston - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 1995;482(Pt 2):325-352. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 apa: Spruston, N., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1995). Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 chicago: Spruston, Nelson, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521. ieee: N. Spruston, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 482, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 325–352, 1995. ista: Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 482(Pt 2), 325–352. mla: Spruston, Nelson, et al. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 482, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 325–52, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521. short: N. Spruston, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 482 (1995) 325–352. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:32Z date_published: 1995-01-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T08:08:40Z day: '15' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7536248' intvolume: ' 482' issue: Pt 2 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 325 - 352 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2909' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 482 year: '1995' ...