--- _id: '1947' abstract: - lang: eng text: Mitochondrial transhydrogenase has been reported previously to be inhibited by high, rather non-physiological concentrations (in the range of 2-20 mM) of divalent cations. We show that the enzyme could be activated by low (from about 1 μM to 1 mM) concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, which are within physiological range. These results bring in line the effects observed with mitochondrial enzyme to the findings with bacterial transhydrogenases. The activation of transhydrogenase by divalent cations is interpreted as an increase in affinity of the NADP(H)-binding site of the enzyme-NAD(H) complex. Reported effects of the metal ions could be important for the enzyme function in vivo. acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust fellowship to L.A.S. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 - first_name: Julie full_name: Jackson, Julie last_name: Jackson citation: ama: Sazanov LA, Jackson J. Activation and inhibition of mitochondrial transhydrogenase by metal ions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1993;1144(2):225-228. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(93)90177-H apa: Sazanov, L. A., & Jackson, J. (1993). Activation and inhibition of mitochondrial transhydrogenase by metal ions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(93)90177-H chicago: Sazanov, Leonid A, and Julie Jackson. “Activation and Inhibition of Mitochondrial Transhydrogenase by Metal Ions.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(93)90177-H. ieee: L. A. Sazanov and J. Jackson, “Activation and inhibition of mitochondrial transhydrogenase by metal ions,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1144, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 225–228, 1993. ista: Sazanov LA, Jackson J. 1993. Activation and inhibition of mitochondrial transhydrogenase by metal ions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1144(2), 225–228. mla: Sazanov, Leonid A., and Julie Jackson. “Activation and Inhibition of Mitochondrial Transhydrogenase by Metal Ions.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1144, no. 2, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 225–28, doi:10.1016/0005-2728(93)90177-H. short: L.A. Sazanov, J. Jackson, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics 1144 (1993) 225–228. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:52Z date_published: 1993-09-13T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-01T12:51:32Z day: '13' doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90177-H extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8369341 ' intvolume: ' 1144' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000527289390177H?via%3Dihub month: '09' oa_version: None page: 225 - 228 pmid: 1 publication: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics publication_identifier: issn: - 0005-2728 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '5136' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Activation and inhibition of mitochondrial transhydrogenase by metal ions type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 1144 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '1948' acknowledgement: 'We acknowledge financial support from the Wellcome Trust (fellowship to L.A.S) ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 - first_name: Julie full_name: Jackson, Julie last_name: Jackson citation: ama: Sazanov LA, Jackson J. Possible functions of the NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and H+ -transhydrogenase in heart mitochondria . Biochemical Society Transactions. 1993;21(3):260. doi:10.1042/bst021260s apa: Sazanov, L. A., & Jackson, J. (1993). Possible functions of the NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and H+ -transhydrogenase in heart mitochondria . Biochemical Society Transactions. Portland Press. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst021260s chicago: Sazanov, Leonid A, and Julie Jackson. “Possible Functions of the NADP-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and H+ -Transhydrogenase in Heart Mitochondria .” Biochemical Society Transactions. Portland Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst021260s. ieee: L. A. Sazanov and J. Jackson, “Possible functions of the NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and H+ -transhydrogenase in heart mitochondria ,” Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 21, no. 3. Portland Press, p. 260, 1993. ista: Sazanov LA, Jackson J. 1993. Possible functions of the NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and H+ -transhydrogenase in heart mitochondria . Biochemical Society Transactions. 21(3), 260. mla: Sazanov, Leonid A., and Julie Jackson. “Possible Functions of the NADP-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and H+ -Transhydrogenase in Heart Mitochondria .” Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 21, no. 3, Portland Press, 1993, p. 260, doi:10.1042/bst021260s. short: L.A. Sazanov, J. Jackson, Biochemical Society Transactions 21 (1993) 260. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:52Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-01T13:17:02Z day: '01' doi: 10.1042/bst021260s extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8224412 ' intvolume: ' 21' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/21/3/260S/83260/Possible-functions-of-the-NADP-linked-isocitrate?redirectedFrom=fulltext month: '01' oa_version: None page: '260' pmid: 1 publication: Biochemical Society Transactions publication_identifier: issn: - 0300-5127 publication_status: published publisher: Portland Press publist_id: '5137' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Possible functions of the NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and H+ -transhydrogenase in heart mitochondria ' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 21 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '1950' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Julie full_name: Jackson, Julie last_name: Jackson - first_name: N P J full_name: Cotton, N P J last_name: Cotton - first_name: Ross full_name: Williams, Ross last_name: Williams - first_name: Tania full_name: Bizouarn, Tania last_name: Bizouarn - first_name: Mike full_name: Hutton, Mike last_name: Hutton - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 - first_name: Christopher full_name: Thomas, Christopher last_name: Thomas citation: ama: Jackson J, Cotton NPJ, Williams R, et al. Proton-translocating transhydrogenase in bacteria. Biochemical Society Transactions. 1993;21(4):1010-1013. doi:10.1042/bst0211010 apa: Jackson, J., Cotton, N. P. J., Williams, R., Bizouarn, T., Hutton, M., Sazanov, L. A., & Thomas, C. (1993). Proton-translocating transhydrogenase in bacteria. Biochemical Society Transactions. Portland Press. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0211010 chicago: Jackson, Julie, N P J Cotton, Ross Williams, Tania Bizouarn, Mike Hutton, Leonid A Sazanov, and Christopher Thomas. “Proton-Translocating Transhydrogenase in Bacteria.” Biochemical Society Transactions. Portland Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0211010. ieee: J. Jackson et al., “Proton-translocating transhydrogenase in bacteria,” Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 21, no. 4. Portland Press, pp. 1010–1013, 1993. ista: Jackson J, Cotton NPJ, Williams R, Bizouarn T, Hutton M, Sazanov LA, Thomas C. 1993. Proton-translocating transhydrogenase in bacteria. Biochemical Society Transactions. 21(4), 1010–1013. mla: Jackson, Julie, et al. “Proton-Translocating Transhydrogenase in Bacteria.” Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 21, no. 4, Portland Press, 1993, pp. 1010–13, doi:10.1042/bst0211010. short: J. Jackson, N.P.J. Cotton, R. Williams, T. Bizouarn, M. Hutton, L.A. Sazanov, C. Thomas, Biochemical Society Transactions 21 (1993) 1010–1013. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:52Z date_published: 1993-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-01T12:16:19Z day: '01' doi: 10.1042/bst0211010 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8131888' intvolume: ' 21' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/21/4/1010/86733/Proton-translocating-transhydrogenase-in-bacteria?redirectedFrom=fulltext month: '11' oa_version: None page: 1010 - 1013 pmid: 1 publication: Biochemical Society Transactions publication_identifier: issn: - 0300-5127 publication_status: published publisher: Portland Press publist_id: '5135' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Proton-translocating transhydrogenase in bacteria type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 21 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2487' abstract: - lang: eng text: Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR3, which is coupled to the inhibitory cAMP cascade, was examined in the central nervous system of the adult albino rat by in situ hybridization. The hybridization signals of mGluR3 were detected not only on neuronal cells but also on many glial cells throughout the brain and spinal cord. In the neuronal cells, prominent expression of mGluR3 mRNA was seen in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Moderately labeled neurons were seen in the anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral neo- and mesocortical regions, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, superficial layers of the superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, interpeduncular nucleus, superior olivary nuclei, and Golgi cells in the cerebellar cortex. Weakly labeled neurons were observed in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, medial habenular nucleus, anterior pretectal nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, Nucleus O, paragenual nucleus, trigeminal sensory complex, cochlear nuclei, dorsal motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, dorsal cap of the inferior olive, spinal dorsal horn, and lamina X of the spinal cord. The stellate cells in the cerebellar cortex, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei were also labeled weakly. The granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, as a whole, appeared to be labeled intensely, but each of the granule cells was labeled only weakly. No significant labeling was detected in the mitral and tufted cells in the olfactory bulb, hippocampal pyramidal cells, Purkinje and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex, or somatic motoneurons. The distribution of mGluR3 mRNA in particular neurons and glial cells indicates specific roles of mGluR3 in the glutamatergic system of the central nervous system. acknowledgement: We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr. Akira Uesugi and the support of Drs. Satoru Fukuchi, Toshio Fukuda, Ritsu Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Toshihiko Kuroda, Hiroshi Matsubara, Hiroshi Matsushima, Chisato Minakuchi, Masatoshi Nishio, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Sei-ichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watan- abe, Kazuo Yoshino, and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: 'Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1993;335(2):252-266. doi:10.1002/cne.903350209' apa: 'Ohishi, H., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1993). Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209' chicago: 'Ohishi, Hitoshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “ Distribution of the MRNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (MGluR3) in the Rat Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Study.” Journal of Comparative Neurology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903350209.' ieee: 'H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “ Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 335, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 252–266, 1993.' ista: 'Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 335(2), 252–266.' mla: 'Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “ Distribution of the MRNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (MGluR3) in the Rat Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Study.” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 335, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 252–66, doi:10.1002/cne.903350209.' short: H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Journal of Comparative Neurology 335 (1993) 252–266. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:57Z date_published: 1993-09-08T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-01T11:58:11Z day: '08' doi: 10.1002/cne.903350209 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8227517' intvolume: ' 335' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.903350209 month: '09' oa_version: None page: 252 - 266 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Comparative Neurology publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9967 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '4414' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: ' Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 335 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2536' abstract: - lang: eng text: A cDNA clone for a new metabotropic glutamate receptor, termed mGluR6, was isolated from a rat retinal cDNA library by cross-hybridization with the previously isolated cDNA clone for a metabotropic glutamate receptor. The cloned mGluR6 subtype consists of 871 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common to the metabotropic receptor family, possessing a large extracellular domain preceding the seven putative membrane-spanning domains. mGluR6 shows the highest sequence similarity to mGluR4 among the metabotropic receptor subtypes and inhibits the forskolin- stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cloned cDNA. mGluR6 potently reacts with L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) and L-serine-O-phosphate, and the potencies of these compounds are one order of magnitude greater than that of L-glutamate. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that mGluR6 mRNA is restrictedly expressed in the inner nuclear layer of the retina where ON- bipolar cells are distributed. The metabotropic receptor that responds strongly to L-AP4 and L-serine-O-phosphate in ON-bipolar cells is known to mediate glutamate synaptic transmission between photoreceptor cells and ON- bipolar cells. On the basis of the agonist selectivity of mGluR6 and its specific expression in retinal cells, the physiological role of this receptor subtype in the visual system is discussed. acknowledgement: "This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Inamori Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. \r\n\r\nWe are grateful to Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yoshiaki full_name: Nakajima, Yoshiaki last_name: Nakajima - first_name: Hideki full_name: Iwakabe, Hideki last_name: Iwakabe - first_name: Chihiro full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro last_name: Akazawa - first_name: Hiroyuki full_name: Nawa, Hiroyuki last_name: Nawa - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, et al. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1993;268(16):11868-11873. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 apa: Nakajima, Y., Iwakabe, H., Akazawa, C., Nawa, H., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 chicago: Nakajima, Yoshiaki, Hideki Iwakabe, Chihiro Akazawa, Hiroyuki Nawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0. ieee: Y. Nakajima et al., “Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 16. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 11868–11873, 1993. ista: Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(16), 11868–11873. mla: Nakajima, Yoshiaki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 16, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 11868–73, doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0. short: Y. Nakajima, H. Iwakabe, C. Akazawa, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 11868–11873. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z date_published: 1993-06-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-04-26T06:56:15Z day: '05' doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8389366' intvolume: ' 268' issue: '16' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 11868 - 11873 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9258 publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '4362' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 268 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2537' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The metabotropic glutamate receptors are coupled to intracellular signal transduction via G-proteins and consist of a family of at least five different subtypes, termed mGluR1-mGluR5. We studied the signal transduction mechanism and pharmacological characteristics of the rat mGluR3 and mGluR4 subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary cells permanently expressing the cloned receptors. Both mGluR3 and mGluR4 inhibit the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP formation in response to agonist interaction. Consistent with the high degree of sequence similarity to mGluR2, mGluR3 closely resembles mGluR2 in its agonist selectivity; the potency rank order of agonists is L-glutamate > trans-1-aminocyclopentane- 1,3-dicarboxylate > ibotenate > quisqualate. mGluR4 is totally different in its agonist specificity from any other member of the metabotropic receptors. This receptor potently reacts with L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate(L-AP4) in a stereo-selective manner and moderately responds to L-serine-O-phosphate. mGluR4 thus corresponds well to the putative L-AP4 receptor characterized from brain preparations. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that both mRNAs are widely distributed in the rat brain. mGluR3 mRNA is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex and the caudate- putamen, and in granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The expression pattern of mGluR4 mRNA is more restricted, and this expression is prominent in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and thalamus. Furthermore, the mGluR3 mRNA, unlike the other mRNAs for the metabotropic receptors, is highly expressed in glial cells throughout the brain regions. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes can thus be classified into three subgroups according to the similarity in their amino acid sequences, signal transduction, and agonist selectivity: mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4. The mRNAs for the individual receptor subtypes, however, show overlapping but distinct patterns of expression in the rat CNS.' acknowledgement: 'We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance. This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Semi Life Science Foundation. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yasuto full_name: Tanabe, Yasuto last_name: Tanabe - first_name: Akinori full_name: Nomura, Akinori last_name: Nomura - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Masu, Masayuki last_name: Masu - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;13(4):1372-1378. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993 apa: Tanabe, Y., Nomura, A., Masu, M., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi, S. (1993). Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993 chicago: Tanabe, Yasuto, Akinori Nomura, Masayuki Masu, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993. ieee: Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi, “Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4,” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 13, no. 4. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 1372–1378, 1993. ista: Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 13(4), 1372–1378. mla: Tanabe, Yasuto, et al. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 13, no. 4, Society for Neuroscience, 1993, pp. 1372–78, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993. short: Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Neuroscience 13 (1993) 1372–1378. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z date_published: 1993-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T14:49:42Z day: '01' doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8463825' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463825/ month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1372 - 1378 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0270-6474 publication_status: published publisher: Society for Neuroscience publist_id: '4361' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4 type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 13 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2539' abstract: - lang: eng text: cDNA clones for four different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D) were isolated through polymerase chain reactions followed by molecular screening of a rat brain cDNA library. These subunits are only about 15% identical with the key subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) but are highly homologous (~50% homology) with one another. They also commonly possess large hydrophilic domains at both amino- and carboxyl- terminal sides of the four putative transmembrane segments. NMDAR2A and NMDAR2C expressed individually in Xenopus oocytes showed no electrophysiological response to agonists. However, these subunits in combined expression with NMDAR1 markedly potentiated the NMDAR1 activity and produced functional variability in the affinity of agonists, the effectiveness of antagonists, and the sensitivity to Mg2+ blockade. Thus, NMDAR1 is essential for the function of the NMDA receptor, and multiple NMDAR2 subunits potentiate and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptor by forming different heteromeric configurations with NMDAR1. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the expressions of individual mRNAs for the NMDAR2 subunits overlap in some brain regions but are also specialized in many other regions. This investigation demonstrates the anatomical and functional differences of the NMDAR2 subunits, which provide the molecular basis for the functional diversity of the NMDA receptor. acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Senri Life Science Foundation, and Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “aduertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Takahiro full_name: Ishii, Takahiro last_name: Ishii - first_name: Koki full_name: Moriyoshi, Koki last_name: Moriyoshi - first_name: Hidemitsu full_name: Sugihara, Hidemitsu last_name: Sugihara - first_name: Kazuhir full_name: Sakurada, Kazuhir last_name: Sakurada - first_name: Hiroshi full_name: Kadotani, Hiroshi last_name: Kadotani - first_name: Mineto full_name: Yokoi, Mineto last_name: Yokoi - first_name: Chihiro full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro last_name: Akazawa - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Masu, Masayuki last_name: Masu - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, et al. Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1993;268(4):2836-2843. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 apa: Ishii, T., Moriyoshi, K., Sugihara, H., Sakurada, K., Kadotani, H., Yokoi, M., … Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 chicago: Ishii, Takahiro, Koki Moriyoshi, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Kazuhir Sakurada, Hiroshi Kadotani, Mineto Yokoi, Chihiro Akazawa, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 . ieee: T. Ishii et al., “Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 4. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 2836–2843, 1993. ista: Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, Sakurada K, Kadotani H, Yokoi M, Akazawa C, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Masu M, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(4), 2836–2843. mla: Ishii, Takahiro, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 4, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 2836–43, doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 . short: T. Ishii, K. Moriyoshi, H. Sugihara, K. Sakurada, H. Kadotani, M. Yokoi, C. Akazawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, M. Masu, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 2836–2843. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z date_published: 1993-02-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T14:29:17Z day: '05' doi: '10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 ' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8428958' intvolume: ' 268' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)53849-7/fulltext month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2836 - 2843 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9258 publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '4360' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 268 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2540' abstract: - lang: eng text: Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, which is coupled to the inhibitory cyclic AMP cascade, was investigated in the central nervous system of the adult rat by in situ hybridization. Transcripts of mGluR2 were specifically localized to neuronal cells of the brain. Although the hybridization signals were widely distributed in the brain, the most prominent expression of mGluR2 messenger RNA was seen in Golgi cells of the cerebellum. Marked expression of mGluR2 messenger RNA was further observed in the mitral cells of the accessory olfactory bulb, neurons in the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, and pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal and parasubicular cortical regions. The granule cells of the accessory olfactory bulb, and many pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the neocortical, cingulate, retrosplenial and subicular cortices, were moderately labeled. All of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus were also labeled moderately, whereas no significant hybridization signals were detected in Ammon's horn. In the basal forebrain regions, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the triangular septal nucleus, in the lateral, basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, and in the medial mammillary nucleus. Weakly labeled neurons were sparsely scattered in the striatum, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum and claustrum. The subthalamic nucleus was also labeled weakly. No significant labeling was found in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. In the thalamus, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the anterodorsal, anteromedial, ventromedial, intralaminar and midline nuclei; the ventrolateral part of the anteroventral nucleus and the rostral pole of the ventrolateral nucleus also contained moderately labeled neurons. No significant labeling was found in the thalamic reticular, submedius, ventroposterior, lateral geniculate and medial geniculate nuclei. In the lower brainstem, labeling was generally weak. No significant hybridization signals were found in the spinal cord. Some neurons in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer of the retina and some retinal ganglion cells were labeled moderately. The pattern of distribution of mGluR2 messenger RNA revealed in the present study indicates specific roles of mGluR2 in the glutamatergic system in the brain. acknowledgement: We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr Akira Uesugi and the support of Drs Ryosuke Fujimori, Satoru Fukuchi, Toshio Fukuda, Ritsu Hayashi, Sozaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Hiroshi Kuroda, Toshio Kuroda, Hiroshi Matsubara. Hiroshi Matsushima. Chisato Minakuchi. Masatoshi ‘Nishio, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Seiichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience. 1993;53(4):1009-1018. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X apa: Ohishi, H., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1993). Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X chicago: Ohishi, Hitoshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Distribution of the Messenger RNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” Neuroscience. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X. ieee: H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat,” Neuroscience, vol. 53, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 1009–1018, 1993. ista: Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience. 53(4), 1009–1018. mla: Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Distribution of the Messenger RNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” Neuroscience, vol. 53, no. 4, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 1009–18, doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X. short: H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 53 (1993) 1009–1018. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T12:19:44Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8389425' intvolume: ' 53' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030645229390485X?via%3Dihub month: '01' oa_version: None page: 1009 - 1018 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0306-4522 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4358' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 53 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2538' abstract: - lang: eng text: Rat mRNAs encoding two subtypes of the endothelin (ET) receptor (ET(A) and ET(B)) were studied in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by means of Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. The mRNA transcripts for the endothelin- 1-specific type receptor (ET(A)) in pooled RNA from the ovary and fallopian tube were 4.2 and 5.2 kilonucleotides, and that for the nonselective type receptor (ET(B)) was 4.7 kilonucleotides; these were similar to transcripts for endothelin receptors from other tissues. ET(A) mRNA expression was abundant in the muscle cell layer of the fallopian tube, but low in the ovary. On the other hand, ET(B) mRNA was abundant in the granulosa cells in the developing follicles, but low in atretic follicles and absent in the fallopian tube. These results demonstrated that the mRNAs for the two subtypes of the rat endothelin receptor have different expression profiles in the ovary and fallopian tube. ETs may mainly affect the granulosa cells in the dominant follicles as well as the muscle cells of the fallopian tube through ET(B) and ET(A), respectively. acknowledgement: We thank Ms. Fumiko Kosaka for her excellent technical assistance. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Masazumi full_name: Iwai, Masazumi last_name: Iwai - first_name: Seiji full_name: Hori, Seiji last_name: Hori - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Hideharu full_name: Kanzaki, Hideharu last_name: Kanzaki - first_name: Takahide full_name: Mori, Takahide last_name: Mori - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 1993;49(4):675-680. doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675 apa: Iwai, M., Hori, S., Shigemoto, R., Kanzaki, H., Mori, T., & Nakanishi, S. (1993). Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. Society for the Study of Reproduction. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675 chicago: Iwai, Masazumi, Seiji Hori, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Hideharu Kanzaki, Takahide Mori, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” Biology of Reproduction. Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675. ieee: M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, and S. Nakanishi, “Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization,” Biology of Reproduction, vol. 49, no. 4. Society for the Study of Reproduction, pp. 675–680, 1993. ista: Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. 1993. Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 49(4), 675–680. mla: Iwai, Masazumi, et al. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” Biology of Reproduction, vol. 49, no. 4, Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993, pp. 675–80, doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675. short: M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, S. Nakanishi, Biology of Reproduction 49 (1993) 675–680. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z date_published: 1993-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T12:32:51Z day: '01' doi: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8218631' intvolume: ' 49' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article/49/4/675/2762375?login=true month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 675 - 680 pmid: 1 publication: Biology of Reproduction publication_identifier: issn: - 0006-3363 publication_status: published publisher: Society for the Study of Reproduction publist_id: '4359' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 49 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2544' abstract: - lang: eng text: VARIOUS functions of glutamate transmission are mediated by both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors1. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of at least six different subtypes that are classified into three subgroups, mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4/mGluR6 (refs 1-5), but their physiological roles are largely unknown. Here we report the identification of a very potent agonist for mGluR2/mGluR3, DCG-IV, and the specific localization of mGluR2 in granule cell dendrites that form dendrodendritic synapses with mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb. Using the DCG-IV agonist for mGluR2 in combination with slice patchrecording, we demonstrate that the granule cell mGluR2 presynaptically suppresses inhibitory GABA (γ-aminobutyrate) transmission to the mitral cell. Our results indicate that mGluR2 in granule cells plays an important role in the persistent excitation of olfactory sensory transmission in the accessory olfactory bulb by relieving mitral cells from the GABA inhibition. acknowledgement: 'We thank Y. Ohfune and K. Shimamoto for DCG-IV, M. Kuno for advice and A. Uesugi for photographic assistance. Partly supported by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan and the Senri Life Science Foundation. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yasunori full_name: Hayashi, Yasunori last_name: Hayashi - first_name: Akiko full_name: Momiyama, Akiko last_name: Momiyama - first_name: Tomoyuki full_name: Takahashi, Tomoyuki last_name: Takahashi - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Reiko full_name: Ogawa Meguro, Reiko last_name: Ogawa Meguro - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Hayashi Y, Momiyama A, Takahashi T, et al. Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. Nature. 1993;366(6456):687-690. doi:10.1038/366687a0 apa: Hayashi, Y., Momiyama, A., Takahashi, T., Ohishi, H., Ogawa Meguro, R., Shigemoto, R., … Nakanishi, S. (1993). Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0 chicago: Hayashi, Yasunori, Akiko Momiyama, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Hitoshi Ohishi, Reiko Ogawa Meguro, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Role of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in Synaptic Modulation in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1038/366687a0. ieee: Y. Hayashi et al., “Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb,” Nature, vol. 366, no. 6456. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 687–690, 1993. ista: Hayashi Y, Momiyama A, Takahashi T, Ohishi H, Ogawa Meguro R, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. Nature. 366(6456), 687–690. mla: Hayashi, Yasunori, et al. “Role of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in Synaptic Modulation in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb.” Nature, vol. 366, no. 6456, Nature Publishing Group, 1993, pp. 687–90, doi:10.1038/366687a0. short: Y. Hayashi, A. Momiyama, T. Takahashi, H. Ohishi, R. Ogawa Meguro, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Nature 366 (1993) 687–690. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:18Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T09:36:00Z day: '01' doi: 10.1038/366687a0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7903116 ' intvolume: ' 366' issue: '6456' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.nature.com/articles/366687a0 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 687 - 690 pmid: 1 publication: Nature publication_identifier: issn: - 0028-0836 publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '4354' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 366 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2543' abstract: - lang: eng text: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a polypeptide hormone related to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Rat PACAP receptor cDNA was isolated from a brain cDNA library by cross-hybridization with rat VIP receptor cDNA. The recombinant PACAP receptor expressed in COS cells bound PACAP with about 1000 times higher affinity than VIP, and PACAP stimulated adenylate cyclase through the cloned PACAP receptor. The rat PACAP receptor consists of 495 amino acids, contains seven transmembrane segments, and has a significant similarity with other Gs-coupled receptors, such as VIP, glucagon, and secretin receptors. PACAP receptor mRNA was abundantly expressed in the brain, but not in the peripheral tissues except for the adrenal gland. In situ hybridization revealed a high level of expression of PACAP receptor mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellar cortex. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Drs. Y. Sugimoto, A. Ichikawa, J. Ogasawara, R. Fukunaga, H. Aino, and A. Baba for discussion and advice. We also thank Ms. K. Mimura for secretarial assistance. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Hashimoto, Hitoshi last_name: Hashimoto - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Ishihara, Takeshi last_name: Ishihara - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Kensaku full_name: Mori, Kensaku last_name: Mori - first_name: Shigekazu full_name: Nagata, Shigekazu last_name: Nagata citation: ama: Hashimoto H, Ishihara T, Shigemoto R, Mori K, Nagata S. Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Neuron. 1993;11(2):333-342. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W apa: Hashimoto, H., Ishihara, T., Shigemoto, R., Mori, K., & Nagata, S. (1993). Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W chicago: Hashimoto, Hitoshi, Takeshi Ishihara, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Kensaku Mori, and Shigekazu Nagata. “ Molecular Cloning and Tissue Distribution of a Receptor for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide.” Neuron. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W. ieee: H. Hashimoto, T. Ishihara, R. Shigemoto, K. Mori, and S. Nagata, “ Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide,” Neuron, vol. 11, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 333–342, 1993. ista: Hashimoto H, Ishihara T, Shigemoto R, Mori K, Nagata S. 1993. Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Neuron. 11(2), 333–342. mla: Hashimoto, Hitoshi, et al. “ Molecular Cloning and Tissue Distribution of a Receptor for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide.” Neuron, vol. 11, no. 2, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 333–42, doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W. short: H. Hashimoto, T. Ishihara, R. Shigemoto, K. Mori, S. Nagata, Neuron 11 (1993) 333–342. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:17Z date_published: 1993-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T09:56:46Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90188-W extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8394723' intvolume: ' 11' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089662739390188W?via%3Dihub month: '08' oa_version: None page: 333 - 342 pmid: 1 publication: Neuron publication_identifier: issn: - 0896-6273 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4355' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: ' Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 11 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2542' abstract: - lang: eng text: A trpE-fusion protein containing a C-terminal sequence of a rat metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, was used to produce an antibody. On immunoblot, the antibody specifically reacted with mGluR5 expressed in mammalian cells and rat brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense mGluR5-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nuclei, olfactory tubercle, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, lateral septum, striatum, nucleus accumbens, inferior colliculus, and spinal trigeminal nuclei. The distribution pattern of mGluR5-LI corresponds very well with that of mGluR5 mRNA. Electron microscope analysis of the striatum revealed dense accumulation of immunoreaction products in dendrites which were often provided with asymmetrical synapses. These results suggest that mGluR5 is predominantly located in postsynaptic elements. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Sakashi full_name: Nomura, Sakashi last_name: Nomura - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Hidemitsu full_name: Sugihara, Hidemitsu last_name: Sugihara - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Sugihara H, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. Neuroscience Letters. 1993;163(1):53-57. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C apa: Shigemoto, R., Nomura, S., Ohishi, H., Sugihara, H., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1993). Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C chicago: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Sakashi Nomura, Hitoshi Ohishi, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Immunohistochemical Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR5, in the Rat Brain.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C. ieee: R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, H. Ohishi, H. Sugihara, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 163, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 53–57, 1993. ista: Shigemoto R, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Sugihara H, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain. Neuroscience Letters. 163(1), 53–57. mla: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Immunohistochemical Localization of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR5, in the Rat Brain.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 163, no. 1, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 53–57, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C. short: R. Shigemoto, S. Nomura, H. Ohishi, H. Sugihara, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 163 (1993) 53–57. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:17Z date_published: 1993-11-26T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T10:21:52Z day: '26' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90227-C extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8295733' intvolume: ' 163' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439409390227C?via%3Dihub month: '11' oa_version: None page: 53 - 57 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4356' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Immunohistochemical localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in the rat brain type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 163 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2541' abstract: - lang: eng text: A trp E fusion protein containing a C-terminal portion of the rat substance P receptor (SPR) was expressed in bacteria and used to produce an antibody. The antibody specifically reacted with SPR expressed in a mammalian cell line and rat striatum. Light and electron microscope analyses of the rat striatum revealed intense SPR-like immunoreactivity in neuronal somata and dendrites. These immunoreactive neurons constituted ∼ 3% of the total population of striatal neurons; they were putative interneurons of large and medium-sized aspiny types. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Yoshifumi full_name: Nakaya, Yoshifumi last_name: Nakaya - first_name: Sakashi full_name: Nomura, Sakashi last_name: Nomura - first_name: Reiko full_name: Ogawa Meguro, Reiko last_name: Ogawa Meguro - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Shigemoto R, Nakaya Y, Nomura S, et al. Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum. Neuroscience Letters. 1993;153(2):157-160. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8 apa: Shigemoto, R., Nakaya, Y., Nomura, S., Ogawa Meguro, R., Ohishi, H., Kaneko, T., … Mizuno, N. (1993). Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum. Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8 chicago: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Yoshifumi Nakaya, Sakashi Nomura, Reiko Ogawa Meguro, Hitoshi Ohishi, Takeshi Kaneko, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Immunocytochemical Localization of Rat Substance P Receptor in the Striatum.” Neuroscience Letters. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8. ieee: R. Shigemoto et al., “Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 153, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 157–160, 1993. ista: Shigemoto R, Nakaya Y, Nomura S, Ogawa Meguro R, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum. Neuroscience Letters. 153(2), 157–160. mla: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Immunocytochemical Localization of Rat Substance P Receptor in the Striatum.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 153, no. 2, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 157–60, doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8. short: R. Shigemoto, Y. Nakaya, S. Nomura, R. Ogawa Meguro, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience Letters 153 (1993) 157–160. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:17Z date_published: 1993-04-30T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T12:10:05Z day: '30' doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90311-8 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8392153 ' intvolume: ' 153' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304394093903118?via%3Dihub month: '04' oa_version: None page: 157 - 160 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0304-3940 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4357' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Immunocytochemical localization of rat substance P receptor in the striatum type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 153 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2546' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Immunochemical characteristics of neostriatal neurons producing substance P receptor (SPR) were examined in adult rats by double- and triple-immunofluorescence methods. In the neostriatum, SPR immunoreactivity was detected in large and medium-sized aspiny neurons. Virtually all SPR-immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum contained somatostatin (SS) or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), but not parvalbumin. All SS- and ChAT-immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum showed SPR immunoreactivity. The co-existence of SS and ChAT was, however, not found in single neurons expressing SPR immunoreactivity. The present results indicate that neostriatal neurons immunoreactive for SPR are segregated into 2 groups: (1) medium-sized, aspiny somatostatinergic, and (2) large, aspiny cholinergic neurons.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Substance P receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum are segregated into somatostatinergic and cholinergic aspiny neurons. Brain Research. 1993;631(2):297-303. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91548-7 apa: Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1993). Substance P receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum are segregated into somatostatinergic and cholinergic aspiny neurons. Brain Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91548-7 chicago: Kaneko, Takeshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Substance P Receptor-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Neostriatum Are Segregated into Somatostatinergic and Cholinergic Aspiny Neurons.” Brain Research. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91548-7. ieee: T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Substance P receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum are segregated into somatostatinergic and cholinergic aspiny neurons,” Brain Research, vol. 631, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 297–303, 1993. ista: Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Substance P receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum are segregated into somatostatinergic and cholinergic aspiny neurons. Brain Research. 631(2), 297–303. mla: Kaneko, Takeshi, et al. “Substance P Receptor-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Neostriatum Are Segregated into Somatostatinergic and Cholinergic Aspiny Neurons.” Brain Research, vol. 631, no. 2, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 297–303, doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91548-7. short: T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Brain Research 631 (1993) 297–303. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:18Z date_published: 1993-12-24T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T09:14:23Z day: '24' doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91548-7 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7907524' intvolume: ' 631' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006899393915487?via%3Dihub month: '12' oa_version: None page: 297 - 303 pmid: 1 publication: Brain Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0006-8993 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4353' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Substance P receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum are segregated into somatostatinergic and cholinergic aspiny neurons type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 631 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2723' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The ground-state density of the Pauli operator in the case of a nonconstant magnetic field with constant direction is studied. It is shown that in the large field limit, the naturally rescaled ground-state density function is bounded from above by the megnetic field, and under some additional conditions, the limit density function is equal to the magnetic field. A restatement of this result yields an estimate on the density of complex orthogonal polynomials with respect to a fairly general weight function. We also prove a special case of the paramagnetic inequality. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: László full_name: Erdös, László id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Erdös orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603 citation: ama: Erdös L. Ground-state density of the Pauli operator in the large field limit. Letters in Mathematical Physics. 1993;29(3):219-240. doi:10.1007/BF00761110 apa: Erdös, L. (1993). Ground-state density of the Pauli operator in the large field limit. Letters in Mathematical Physics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00761110 chicago: Erdös, László. “Ground-State Density of the Pauli Operator in the Large Field Limit.” Letters in Mathematical Physics. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00761110. ieee: L. Erdös, “Ground-state density of the Pauli operator in the large field limit,” Letters in Mathematical Physics, vol. 29, no. 3. Springer, pp. 219–240, 1993. ista: Erdös L. 1993. Ground-state density of the Pauli operator in the large field limit. Letters in Mathematical Physics. 29(3), 219–240. mla: Erdös, László. “Ground-State Density of the Pauli Operator in the Large Field Limit.” Letters in Mathematical Physics, vol. 29, no. 3, Springer, 1993, pp. 219–40, doi:10.1007/BF00761110. short: L. Erdös, Letters in Mathematical Physics 29 (1993) 219–240. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:16Z date_published: 1993-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T15:02:00Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF00761110 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 29' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00761110 month: '11' oa_version: None page: 219 - 240 publication: Letters in Mathematical Physics publication_identifier: issn: - 0377-9017 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '4169' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Ground-state density of the Pauli operator in the large field limit type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 29 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3474' abstract: - lang: eng text: 1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded in CA3 pyramidal cells of hippocampal slices of 15- to 24-day-old rats (22 degrees C) using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. 2. Composite EPSCs were evoked by extracellular stimulation of the mossy fibre tract. Using the selective blockers 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV), a major alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor-mediated component and a minor NMDA receptor-mediated component with slower time course were distinguished. For the AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated component, the peak current-voltage (I-V) relation was linear, with a reversal potential close to 0 mV. The half-maximal blocking concentration of CNQX was 353 nM. 3. Unitary EPSCs of the mossy fibre terminal (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse were evoked at membrane potentials of -70 to -90 mV by low-intensity extracellular stimulation of granule cell somata using fine-tipped pipettes. The EPSC peak amplitude as a function of stimulus intensity showed all-or-none behaviour. The region of low threshold was restricted to a few micrometres. This suggests that extracellular stimulation was focal, and that the stimulus-evoked EPSCs were unitary. 4. Latency and rise time histograms of EPSCs evoked by granule cell stimulation showed narrow unimodal distributions within each experiment. The mean latency was 4.2 +/- 1.0 ms, and the mean 20-80% rise time was 0.6 +/- 0.1 ms (23 cells). When fitted within the range 0.7 ms to 20 ms after the peak, the decay of the EPSCs with the fastest rise (rise time 0.5 ms or less) could be described by a single exponential function; the mean time constant was in the range 3.0-6.6 ms with a mean of 4.8 ms (8 cells). 5. Peak amplitudes of the EPSCs evoked by suprathreshold granule cell stimulation fluctuated between trials. The apparent EPSC peak conductance in normal extracellular solution (2 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+), excluding failures, was 1 nS. Reducing the Ca2+ concentration and increasing the Mg2+ concentration reduced the mean peak amplitude in a concentration-dependent manner. 6. Peaks in EPSC peak amplitude distributions were apparent in low Ca2+ and high Mg2+. Using the criteria of equidistance and the presence of peaks and dips in the autocorrelation function, five of nine EPSC peak amplitude distributions were judged to be quantal. acknowledgement: "We are indebted to Professor B. Katz for critically reading the manuscript and for helpful suggestions. We especially thank Professor D. Colquhoun for several discussions, for generously providing the source codes of programs for maximum-likelihood fit with sums of Gaussian functions, a routine for calculating the error function and for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank Drs A. Larkman, P. Ruppersberg, N. Spuston and G. Stuart for critically reading the manuscript, P. Andersen, B. Betz, J. Evans, K. Harris, E. v. Kitzing, R. Rahamimov and K. Stratford for helpful discussions, and J. J. B. Jack for much-needed advice and guidance to G.M. We thank K. Bauer, F. Helmchen, M. Huke, B. Manz and especially A. Roth for computer programming, B. Werner for typing the manuscript, and M. Kaiser for excellent technical assistance. Part of the project was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317)\r\nand the Wellcome Trust." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Guy full_name: Major, Guy last_name: Major - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology. 1993;472:615-663. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 apa: Jonas, P. M., Major, G., & Sakmann, B. (1993). Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 chicago: Jonas, Peter M, Guy Major, and Bert Sakmann. “Quantal Components of Unitary EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965. ieee: P. M. Jonas, G. Major, and B. Sakmann, “Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 472. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 615–663, 1993. ista: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. 1993. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology. 472, 615–663. mla: Jonas, Peter M., et al. “Quantal Components of Unitary EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 472, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 615–63, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965. short: P.M. Jonas, G. Major, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 472 (1993) 615–663. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T09:33:19Z day: '01' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7908327' intvolume: ' 472' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1160505 month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 615 - 663 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2913' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 472 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3473' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sixteen different K+ channel subtypes have been cloned from mammalian tissue. Considering their sequence homology to Drosophila Shaker, Shab, Shaw and Shal channels, they were classified into four corresponding classes Kv1-4. All K+ channels belonging to these classes consist of four subunits with each six hydrophobic segments (S1-S6) and a characteristic structure-function relationship of certain domains in their amino acid sequence. These domains are, the inactivation gate in the N-terminal region of the sequence, the voltage sensor in the fourth hydrophobic segment (S4), and the pore-region in the H5 segment between S5 and S6. In some functional properties K+ channels cloned from the mammalian brain, however, differ from Drosophila K+ channels. These are pharmacological differences, differences in the threshold of activation and in regulation of inactivation. Part of these differences are important to understand their physiological role in the brain. Based on their functional characteristics the expression pattern of cloned K+ channels in the rat brain can be correlated with the properties of K+ currents measured in central neurones. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Peter full_name: Ruppersberg, Peter last_name: Ruppersberg - first_name: Mamfred full_name: Ermler, Mamfred last_name: Ermler - first_name: Martin full_name: Knopf, Martin last_name: Knopf - first_name: Wilfried full_name: Kues, Wilfried last_name: Kues - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Michael full_name: Koenen, Michael last_name: Koenen citation: ama: Ruppersberg P, Ermler M, Knopf M, Kues W, Jonas PM, Koenen M. Properties of Shaker-homologous potassium channels expressed in the mammalian brain. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 1993;3:250-269. doi:10.1159/000154691 apa: Ruppersberg, P., Ermler, M., Knopf, M., Kues, W., Jonas, P. M., & Koenen, M. (1993). Properties of Shaker-homologous potassium channels expressed in the mammalian brain. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. S. Karger AG. https://doi.org/10.1159/000154691 chicago: Ruppersberg, Peter, Mamfred Ermler, Martin Knopf, Wilfried Kues, Peter M Jonas, and Michael Koenen. “Properties of Shaker-Homologous Potassium Channels Expressed in the Mammalian Brain.” Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. S. Karger AG, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1159/000154691. ieee: P. Ruppersberg, M. Ermler, M. Knopf, W. Kues, P. M. Jonas, and M. Koenen, “Properties of Shaker-homologous potassium channels expressed in the mammalian brain.,” Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 3. S. Karger AG, pp. 250–269, 1993. ista: Ruppersberg P, Ermler M, Knopf M, Kues W, Jonas PM, Koenen M. 1993. Properties of Shaker-homologous potassium channels expressed in the mammalian brain. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 3, 250–269. mla: Ruppersberg, Peter, et al. “Properties of Shaker-Homologous Potassium Channels Expressed in the Mammalian Brain.” Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 3, S. Karger AG, 1993, pp. 250–69, doi:10.1159/000154691. short: P. Ruppersberg, M. Ermler, M. Knopf, W. Kues, P.M. Jonas, M. Koenen, Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 3 (1993) 250–269. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T10:21:04Z day: '01' doi: 10.1159/000154691 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/154691 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 250 - 269 publication: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry publication_identifier: issn: - 1015-8987 publication_status: published publisher: S. Karger AG publist_id: '2914' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Properties of Shaker-homologous potassium channels expressed in the mammalian brain. type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 3 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3569' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 citation: ama: 'Edelsbrunner H. Computational geometry. In: Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials. World Scientific Publishing; 1993:1-48.' apa: Edelsbrunner, H. (1993). Computational geometry. In Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials (pp. 1–48). World Scientific Publishing. chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Computational Geometry.” In Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials, 1–48. World Scientific Publishing, 1993. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, “Computational geometry,” in Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials, World Scientific Publishing, 1993, pp. 1–48. ista: 'Edelsbrunner H. 1993.Computational geometry. In: Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials. , 1–48.' mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Computational Geometry.” Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials, World Scientific Publishing, 1993, pp. 1–48. short: H. Edelsbrunner, in:, Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials, World Scientific Publishing, 1993, pp. 1–48. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:01Z date_published: 1993-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T08:46:20Z day: '01' extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://books.google.at/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fr_sCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=XAust-LAGl&sig=FQTlA5rrM25y5EZ8ZmrorT7SaMo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false month: '08' oa_version: None page: 1 - 48 publication: Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, Essays and Tutorials publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-9810214623 publication_status: published publisher: World Scientific Publishing publist_id: '2816' status: public title: Computational geometry type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3568' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 citation: ama: 'Edelsbrunner H. Geometric algorithms. In: Handbook of Convex Geometry. North Holland; 1993:699-735. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-15705-7' apa: Edelsbrunner, H. (1993). Geometric algorithms. In Handbook of Convex Geometry (pp. 699–735). North Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-15705-7 chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Geometric Algorithms.” In Handbook of Convex Geometry, 699–735. North Holland, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-15705-7. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, “Geometric algorithms,” in Handbook of Convex Geometry, North Holland, 1993, pp. 699–735. ista: 'Edelsbrunner H. 1993.Geometric algorithms. In: Handbook of Convex Geometry. , 699–735.' mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Geometric Algorithms.” Handbook of Convex Geometry, North Holland, 1993, pp. 699–735, doi:10.1016/C2009-0-15705-7. short: H. Edelsbrunner, in:, Handbook of Convex Geometry, North Holland, 1993, pp. 699–735. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:00Z date_published: 1993-08-24T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T09:30:11Z day: '24' doi: 10.1016/C2009-0-15705-7 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780444895967/handbook-of-convex-geometry month: '08' oa_version: None page: 699 - 735 publication: Handbook of Convex Geometry publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-0-444-89596-7 publication_status: published publisher: North Holland publist_id: '2817' status: public title: Geometric algorithms type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4041' abstract: - lang: eng text: The zone theorem for an arrangement of n hyperplanes in d-dimensional real space says that the total number of faces bounding the cells intersected by another hyperplane is O(n(d-1)). This result is the basis of a time-optimal incremental algorithm that constructs a hyperplane arrangement and has a host of other algorithmic and combinatorial applications. Unfortunately, the original proof of the zone theorem, for d greater-than-or-equal-to 3, turned out to contain a serious and irreparable error. This paper presents a new proof of the theorem. The proof is based on an inductive argument, which also applies in the case of pseudohyperplane arrangements. The fallacies of the old proof along with some ways of partially saving that approach are briefly discussed. acknowledgement: National Science Foundation under grant CCR-89- 21421. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Raimund full_name: Seidel, Raimund last_name: Seidel - first_name: Micha full_name: Sharir, Micha last_name: Sharir citation: ama: Edelsbrunner H, Seidel R, Sharir M. On the zone theorem for hyperplane arrangements. SIAM Journal on Computing. 1993;22(2):418-429. doi:10.1137/0222031 apa: Edelsbrunner, H., Seidel, R., & Sharir, M. (1993). On the zone theorem for hyperplane arrangements. SIAM Journal on Computing. SIAM. https://doi.org/10.1137/0222031 chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Raimund Seidel, and Micha Sharir. “On the Zone Theorem for Hyperplane Arrangements.” SIAM Journal on Computing. SIAM, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1137/0222031. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, R. Seidel, and M. Sharir, “On the zone theorem for hyperplane arrangements,” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 22, no. 2. SIAM, pp. 418–429, 1993. ista: Edelsbrunner H, Seidel R, Sharir M. 1993. On the zone theorem for hyperplane arrangements. SIAM Journal on Computing. 22(2), 418–429. mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “On the Zone Theorem for Hyperplane Arrangements.” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 22, no. 2, SIAM, 1993, pp. 418–29, doi:10.1137/0222031. short: H. Edelsbrunner, R. Seidel, M. Sharir, SIAM Journal on Computing 22 (1993) 418–429. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:35Z date_published: 1993-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-29T13:25:02Z day: '01' doi: 10.1137/0222031 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 22' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0222031 month: '04' oa_version: None page: 418 - 429 publication: SIAM Journal on Computing publication_identifier: issn: - 0097-5397 publication_status: published publisher: SIAM publist_id: '2085' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: On the zone theorem for hyperplane arrangements type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 22 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4036' abstract: - lang: eng text: This paper presents a randomized incremental algorithm for computing a single face in an arrangement of n line segments in the plane that is fairly simple to implement. The expected running time of the algorithm is O(nα(n)log n). The analysis of the algorithm uses a novel approach that generalizes and extends the Clarkson-Shor analysis technique [in Discrete Comput. Geom., 4(1989), pp. 387-421]. A few extensions of the technique, obtaining efficient randomized incremental algorithms for constructing the entire arrangement of a collection of line segments and for computing a single face in an arrangement of Jordan arcs are also presented. acknowledgement: The authors wish to express their gratitude for the generous support and hospitality of the DEC Palo Alto Systems Research Center. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Bernard full_name: Chazelle, Bernard last_name: Chazelle - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Leonidas full_name: Guibas, Leonidas last_name: Guibas - first_name: Micha full_name: Sharir, Micha last_name: Sharir - first_name: Jack full_name: Snoeyink, Jack last_name: Snoeyink citation: ama: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M, Snoeyink J. Computing a face in an arrangement of line segments and related problems. SIAM Journal on Computing. 1993;22(6):1286-1302. doi:10.1137/0222077 apa: Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Sharir, M., & Snoeyink, J. (1993). Computing a face in an arrangement of line segments and related problems. SIAM Journal on Computing. SIAM. https://doi.org/10.1137/0222077 chicago: Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, Micha Sharir, and Jack Snoeyink. “Computing a Face in an Arrangement of Line Segments and Related Problems.” SIAM Journal on Computing. SIAM, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1137/0222077 . ieee: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, and J. Snoeyink, “Computing a face in an arrangement of line segments and related problems,” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 22, no. 6. SIAM, pp. 1286–1302, 1993. ista: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M, Snoeyink J. 1993. Computing a face in an arrangement of line segments and related problems. SIAM Journal on Computing. 22(6), 1286–1302. mla: Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Computing a Face in an Arrangement of Line Segments and Related Problems.” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 22, no. 6, SIAM, 1993, pp. 1286–302, doi:10.1137/0222077 . short: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, J. Snoeyink, SIAM Journal on Computing 22 (1993) 1286–1302. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:34Z date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T08:07:21Z day: '01' doi: '10.1137/0222077 ' extern: '1' intvolume: ' 22' issue: '6' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0222077 month: '12' oa_version: None page: 1286 - 1302 publication: SIAM Journal on Computing publication_identifier: issn: - 0097-5397 publication_status: published publisher: SIAM publist_id: '2087' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Computing a face in an arrangement of line segments and related problems type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 22 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4040' abstract: - lang: eng text: A plane geometric graph C in ℝ2 conforms to another such graph G if each edge of G is the union of some edges of C. It is proved that, for every G with n vertices and m edges, there is a completion of a Delaunay triangulation of O(m2 n) points that conforms to G. The algorithm that constructs the points is also described. acknowledgement: 'Research of the first author is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-8921421 and under the Alan T. Waterman award, Grant CCR-9118874. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. Work of the second author was conducted while he was on study leave at the University of Illinois. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Tiow full_name: Tan, Tiow last_name: Tan citation: ama: Edelsbrunner H, Tan T. An upper bound for conforming Delaunay triangulations. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 1993;10(1):197-213. doi:10.1007/BF02573974 apa: Edelsbrunner, H., & Tan, T. (1993). An upper bound for conforming Delaunay triangulations. Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573974 chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Tiow Tan. “An Upper Bound for Conforming Delaunay Triangulations.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573974. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner and T. Tan, “An upper bound for conforming Delaunay triangulations,” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 10, no. 1. Springer, pp. 197–213, 1993. ista: Edelsbrunner H, Tan T. 1993. An upper bound for conforming Delaunay triangulations. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 10(1), 197–213. mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Tiow Tan. “An Upper Bound for Conforming Delaunay Triangulations.” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 10, no. 1, Springer, 1993, pp. 197–213, doi:10.1007/BF02573974. short: H. Edelsbrunner, T. Tan, Discrete & Computational Geometry 10 (1993) 197–213. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:35Z date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-28T14:58:16Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF02573974 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 10' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02573974 month: '12' oa_version: None page: 197 - 213 publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry publication_identifier: issn: - 0179-5376 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '2084' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: An upper bound for conforming Delaunay triangulations type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 10 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4303' abstract: - lang: eng text: In a stably subdivided population with symmetric migration, the chance that a favoured allele will be fixed is independent of population structure. However, random extinction introduces an extra component of sampling drift, and reduces the probability of fixation. In this paper, the fixation probability is calculated using the diffusion approximation; comparison with exact solution of the discrete model shows this to be accurate. The key parameters are the rates of selection, migration and extinction, scaled relative to population size (S = 4Ns, M = 4Nm, Λ = 4Nλ); results apply to a haploid model, or to diploids with additive selection. If new colonies derive from many demes, the fixation probability cannot be reduced by more than half. However, if colonies are initially homogeneous, fixation probability can be much reduced. In the limit of low migration and extinction rates (M, Λ 1), it is 2s/{1 + (Λ/MS)(1 −exp(−S))}, whilst in the opposite limit (S 1), it is 4sM/{Λ(Λ + M)}. In the limit of weak selection (M, Λ 1), it is 4sM/{Λ(Λ + M)}. These factors are not the same as the reduction in effective population size (Ne/N), showing that the effects of population structure on selected alleles cannot be understood from the behaviour of neutral markers. acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants from the SERC (GR/H/09928) and NERC (GR/3/8002), and by the Darwin Trust of Edinburgh. Thanks are due to B. Nürnberger for convincing me that population structure does reduce fixation probability, to M. Whitlock for discussions on calculations of effective population size, and to W. G. Hill, P. Keightley and the anonymous referees for their comments. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population. Genetics Research. 1993;62(2):149-158. doi:10.1017/S0016672300031748 apa: Barton, N. H. (1993). The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population. Genetics Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748 chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Probability of Fixation of a Favoured Allele in a Subdivided Population.” Genetics Research. Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748. ieee: N. H. Barton, “The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population,” Genetics Research, vol. 62, no. 2. Cambridge University Press, pp. 149–158, 1993. ista: Barton NH. 1993. The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population. Genetics Research. 62(2), 149–158. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Probability of Fixation of a Favoured Allele in a Subdivided Population.” Genetics Research, vol. 62, no. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 149–58, doi:10.1017/S0016672300031748. short: N.H. Barton, Genetics Research 62 (1993) 149–158. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:09Z date_published: 1993-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-23T15:41:32Z day: '01' doi: 10.1017/S0016672300031748 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 62' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/probability-of-fixation-of-a-favoured-allele-in-a-subdivided-population/3257B4AEC7044AFE40436C2DC15FBC4C#article month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 149 - 158 publication: Genetics Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6723 publication_status: published publisher: Cambridge University Press publist_id: '1762' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 62 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4302' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. Review of &quot;The causes of molecular evolution&quot; by J.H. Gillespie. Genetical Research. 1993;62(1):77-85. doi:10.1017/S001667230003158X apa: Barton, N. H. (1993). Review of &quot;The causes of molecular evolution&quot; by J.H. Gillespie. Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001667230003158X chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Review of &quot;The Causes of Molecular Evolution&quot; by J.H. Gillespie.” Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001667230003158X . ieee: N. H. Barton, “Review of &quot;The causes of molecular evolution&quot; by J.H. Gillespie,” Genetical Research, vol. 62, no. 1. Cambridge University Press, pp. 77–85, 1993. ista: Barton NH. 1993. Review of &quot;The causes of molecular evolution&quot; by J.H. Gillespie. Genetical Research. 62(1), 77–85. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Review of &quot;The Causes of Molecular Evolution&quot; by J.H. Gillespie.” Genetical Research, vol. 62, no. 1, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 77–85, doi:10.1017/S001667230003158X . short: N.H. Barton, Genetical Research 62 (1993) 77–85. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:08Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-23T16:05:31Z day: '01' doi: '10.1017/S001667230003158X ' extern: '1' intvolume: ' 62' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/causes-of-molecular-evolution-by-john-h-gillespie-oxford-university-press-1992-336-pages-price-2500-isbn-0-19-506883-1/FF2B56D0B883F340BEC4E3C068F89F6C month: '01' oa_version: None page: 77 - 85 publication: Genetical Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6723 publication_status: published publisher: Cambridge University Press publist_id: '1763' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Review of "The causes of molecular evolution" by J.H. Gillespie type: review user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 62 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4301' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 - first_name: Katherine full_name: Gale, Katherine last_name: Gale citation: ama: 'Barton NH, Gale K. Genetic analysis of hybrid zones. In: Harrison R, ed. Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process. Oxford University Press; 1993:13-45. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050631.x' apa: Barton, N. H., & Gale, K. (1993). Genetic analysis of hybrid zones. In R. Harrison (Ed.), Hybrid zones and the evolutionary process (pp. 13–45). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050631.x chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Katherine Gale. “Genetic Analysis of Hybrid Zones.” In Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process, edited by Richard Harrison, 13–45. Oxford University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050631.x. ieee: N. H. Barton and K. Gale, “Genetic analysis of hybrid zones,” in Hybrid zones and the evolutionary process, R. Harrison, Ed. Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 13–45. ista: 'Barton NH, Gale K. 1993.Genetic analysis of hybrid zones. In: Hybrid zones and the evolutionary process. , 13–45.' mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Katherine Gale. “Genetic Analysis of Hybrid Zones.” Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process, edited by Richard Harrison, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 13–45, doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050631.x. short: N.H. Barton, K. Gale, in:, R. Harrison (Ed.), Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 13–45. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:08Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-24T10:36:10Z day: '01' doi: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050631.x editor: - first_name: Richard full_name: Harrison, Richard last_name: Harrison extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://books.google.at/books?hl=en&lr=&id=aFJFkVKskYIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA13&ots=MFf0ehNeKK&sig=Yp6VrwzCJRB-v-iOhI7WZw-xf8w&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false month: '01' oa_version: None page: 13 - 45 publication: Hybrid zones and the evolutionary process publication_identifier: isbn: - ' 0-19-506917-X' publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press publist_id: '1764' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Genetic analysis of hybrid zones type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4304' article_processing_charge: No article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. Why species and subspecies? Current Biology. 1993;3(11):797-799. doi:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N apa: Barton, N. H. (1993). Why species and subspecies? Current Biology. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Species and Subspecies?” Current Biology. Cell Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N. ieee: N. H. Barton, “Why species and subspecies?,” Current Biology, vol. 3, no. 11. Cell Press, pp. 797–799, 1993. ista: Barton NH. 1993. Why species and subspecies? Current Biology. 3(11), 797–799. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Species and Subspecies?” Current Biology, vol. 3, no. 11, Cell Press, 1993, pp. 797–99, doi:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N. short: N.H. Barton, Current Biology 3 (1993) 797–799. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:09Z date_published: 1993-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:19:21Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N extern: '1' intvolume: ' 3' issue: '11' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096098229390036N?via%3Dihub month: '11' oa_version: None page: 797 - 799 publication: Current Biology publication_identifier: issn: - 0960-9822 publication_status: published publisher: Cell Press publist_id: '1761' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Why species and subspecies? type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 3 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3452' abstract: - lang: eng text: In recent years, considerable progress in our understanding of the molecular events underlying excitatory synaptic transmission has been made. This progress was mainly achieved by technical advances, among them the patch-clamp technique in brain slices (Edwards et al., 1989), fast application of agonists (Franke et al., 1987), and cloning and functional expression of GluR channels of the nonNMDA type (e.g., Hollmann et al., 1989). A suitable model for studying excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the brain slice with patch-clamp techniques is the mossy fiber synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus (MF-CA3 synapse). This synapse is located close to the cell soma and should provide almost ideal space-clamp conditions. A comparison of MF-CA3 EPSCs with the currents activated by fast application of glutamate on membrane patches isolated from CA3 cell somata suggests that the concentration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft during excitatory synaptic transmission is high (about 1 mM) and that the transmitter remains in the synaptic cleft only briefly (about 1 ms). It seems likely that desensitization influences the peak amplitude of the EPSC in several ways. Brief pulses of glutamate cause desensitization, from which the glutamate receptor channels recover only slowly, and micromolar ambient glutamate concentrations produce desensitization at equilibrium. From the functional properties of recombinant GluR channels, in situ hybridization data, and patch-clamp experiments on different neuronal and nonneuronal cell types, a picture of the molecular identity of native channels emerges. In neurons of the hippocampus the pharmacological features of these channels were similar to recombinant channels assembled from subunits of the AMPA/kainate subtype which are strongly expressed in these cells. The native channels are characterized by outward rectification of the steady-state I-V and low Ca permeability, similar to recombinant channels containing the GluR-B subunit. This is consistent with the ubiquitous expression of this subunit in hippocampal neurones. In contrast, GluR channels from cerebellar glial cells, which uniquely in the central nervous system lack the expression of GluR-B subunits, show double rectification and high Ca permeability. The results suggest that the native functional nonNMDA glutamate receptor channels in the CNS are assembled form subunits of the AMPA/kainate subtype in a cell-specific way, with the functional properties of GluR channels in neurones being dominated by the GluR-B subunit. alternative_title: - EXS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Jonas PM. AMPA-type glutamate receptors - nonselective cation channels mediating fast excitatory transmission in the CNS. In: Siemen D, ed. Nonselective Cation Channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics. Vol 66. Birkhäuser; 1993:61-76. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7327-7_4' apa: 'Jonas, P. M. (1993). AMPA-type glutamate receptors - nonselective cation channels mediating fast excitatory transmission in the CNS. In D. Siemen (Ed.), Nonselective cation channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics. (Vol. 66, pp. 61–76). Birkhäuser. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7327-7_4' chicago: 'Jonas, Peter M. “AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors - Nonselective Cation Channels Mediating Fast Excitatory Transmission in the CNS.” In Nonselective Cation Channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics., edited by Detlef Siemen, 66:61–76. Birkhäuser, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7327-7_4.' ieee: 'P. M. Jonas, “AMPA-type glutamate receptors - nonselective cation channels mediating fast excitatory transmission in the CNS,” in Nonselective cation channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics., vol. 66, D. Siemen, Ed. Birkhäuser, 1993, pp. 61–76.' ista: 'Jonas PM. 1993.AMPA-type glutamate receptors - nonselective cation channels mediating fast excitatory transmission in the CNS. In: Nonselective cation channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics. EXS, vol. 66, 61–76.' mla: 'Jonas, Peter M. “AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors - Nonselective Cation Channels Mediating Fast Excitatory Transmission in the CNS.” Nonselective Cation Channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics., edited by Detlef Siemen, vol. 66, Birkhäuser, 1993, pp. 61–76, doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7327-7_4.' short: 'P.M. Jonas, in:, D. Siemen (Ed.), Nonselective Cation Channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics., Birkhäuser, 1993, pp. 61–76.' date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:24Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T11:46:44Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7327-7_4 editor: - first_name: Detlef full_name: Siemen, Detlef last_name: Siemen extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7505664' intvolume: ' 66' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-0348-7327-7_4 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 61 - 76 pmid: 1 publication: 'Nonselective cation channels: Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics.' publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-3-0348-7327-7 publication_status: published publisher: Birkhäuser publist_id: '2935' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: AMPA-type glutamate receptors - nonselective cation channels mediating fast excitatory transmission in the CNS type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 66 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3446' abstract: - lang: eng text: An effective character recognition procedure implemented on a new type of hardware system and using a new architecture called CNND is proposed. This CNND contains one or more analog cellular neural networks (CNNs) and some digital logic, combining the advantages of the fast analog CNN signal processing and the fast and easy decision capability of digital logic. It is shown that the CNND system can be used for recognition of multifont printed or handwritten characters and could recognize 100,000 char/s with a recognition rate of more than 95%. The more advantage of the system over competing types is that there is not an extra feature extraction procedure implemented in slow hardware article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Tamas full_name: Sziranyi, Tamas last_name: Sziranyi - first_name: Jozsef L full_name: Csicsvari, Jozsef L id: 3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Csicsvari orcid: 0000-0002-5193-4036 citation: ama: 'Sziranyi T, Csicsvari JL. High-speed character recognition using a dual cellular neural network architecture (CNND). IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing. 1993;40(3):223-231. doi:10.1109/82.222823' apa: 'Sziranyi, T., & Csicsvari, J. L. (1993). High-speed character recognition using a dual cellular neural network architecture (CNND). IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/82.222823' chicago: 'Sziranyi, Tamas, and Jozsef L Csicsvari. “High-Speed Character Recognition Using a Dual Cellular Neural Network Architecture (CNND).” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing. IEEE, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/82.222823.' ieee: 'T. Sziranyi and J. L. Csicsvari, “High-speed character recognition using a dual cellular neural network architecture (CNND),” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 40, no. 3. IEEE, pp. 223–231, 1993.' ista: 'Sziranyi T, Csicsvari JL. 1993. High-speed character recognition using a dual cellular neural network architecture (CNND). IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing. 40(3), 223–231.' mla: 'Sziranyi, Tamas, and Jozsef L. Csicsvari. “High-Speed Character Recognition Using a Dual Cellular Neural Network Architecture (CNND).” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 40, no. 3, IEEE, 1993, pp. 223–31, doi:10.1109/82.222823.' short: 'T. Sziranyi, J.L. Csicsvari, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 40 (1993) 223–231.' date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:22Z date_published: 1993-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T14:44:44Z day: '01' doi: 10.1109/82.222823 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 40' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/222823 month: '03' oa_version: None page: 223 - 231 publication: 'IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing' publication_identifier: issn: - 1057-7130 publication_status: published publisher: IEEE publist_id: '2941' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: High-speed character recognition using a dual cellular neural network architecture (CNND) type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 40 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3451' acknowledgement: I thank Prof. B. Sakmann for generous support and Drs. M. Häusser and A. Villarroel for critically reading the manuscript. alternative_title: - 'Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Jonas PM. Glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. In: Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction. Vol 707. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York Academy of Sciences; 1993:126-135. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38048.x' apa: Jonas, P. M. (1993). Glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. In Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction (Vol. 707, pp. 126–135). New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38048.x chicago: Jonas, Peter M. “Glutamate Receptors in the Central Nervous System.” In Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction, 707:126–35. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York Academy of Sciences, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38048.x. ieee: P. M. Jonas, “Glutamate receptors in the central nervous system,” in Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction, vol. 707, New York Academy of Sciences, 1993, pp. 126–135. ista: 'Jonas PM. 1993.Glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. In: Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol. 707, 126–135.' mla: Jonas, Peter M. “Glutamate Receptors in the Central Nervous System.” Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction, vol. 707, New York Academy of Sciences, 1993, pp. 126–35, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38048.x. short: P.M. Jonas, in:, Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction, New York Academy of Sciences, 1993, pp. 126–135. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:24Z date_published: 1993-12-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T12:35:23Z day: '20' doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38048.x extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '9729204' intvolume: ' 707' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38048.x month: '12' oa_version: None page: 126 - 135 pmid: 1 publication: Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle Contraction publication_status: published publisher: New York Academy of Sciences publist_id: '2936' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' series_title: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences status: public title: Glutamate receptors in the central nervous system type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 707 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3643' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'We investigate the establishment and spread of new adaptive peaks within Wright''s ‘shifting balance’. The third phase of the ‘shifting balance’ involves a kind of group selection, since demes in which a superior peak has been established contain more individuals, and so send out more migrants. We assume that population size, N, increases with mean fitness, , according to the exponential relation, . Here, k is a measure of the weakness of density-dependent regulation, and equals the inverse of the regression of log (fitness) on log(N). In the island model, we find that just as with soft selection (k = 0), two distinct types of behaviour exist: group selection makes no qualitative difference. With low numbers of migrants, demes fluctuate almost independently, and only one equilibrium exists. With large numbers of migrants, all the demes evolve towards the same adaptive peak, and so the whole population can move towards one or other of the peaks. Group selection can be understood in terms of an effective mean fitness function. Its main consequence is to increase the effect of selection relative to drift (Ns), and so increase the bias towards the fitter peak. However, this increased bias depends on the ratio between k and the deme size (k/N), and so is very small when density-dependence is reasonably strong.' acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the Darwin Trust, by a Science and Engineering Research Council grant (GR/E/08507), and by an SERC Visiting Fellowship to S.Rouhani. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Shahin full_name: Rouhani, Shahin last_name: Rouhani - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Rouhani S, Barton NH. Group selection and the “shifting balance.” Genetical Research. 1993;61(2):127-136. doi:10.1017/S0016672300031232 apa: Rouhani, S., & Barton, N. H. (1993). Group selection and the “shifting balance.” Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031232 chicago: Rouhani, Shahin, and Nicholas H Barton. “Group Selection and the ‘Shifting Balance.’” Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031232. ieee: S. Rouhani and N. H. Barton, “Group selection and the ‘shifting balance,’” Genetical Research, vol. 61, no. 2. Cambridge University Press, pp. 127–136, 1993. ista: Rouhani S, Barton NH. 1993. Group selection and the ‘shifting balance’. Genetical Research. 61(2), 127–136. mla: Rouhani, Shahin, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Group Selection and the ‘Shifting Balance.’” Genetical Research, vol. 61, no. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 127–36, doi:10.1017/S0016672300031232. short: S. Rouhani, N.H. Barton, Genetical Research 61 (1993) 127–136. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:24Z date_published: 1993-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T08:28:54Z day: '01' doi: 10.1017/S0016672300031232 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 61' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/group-selection-and-the-shifting-balance/CFDE26EA7125957545F9A0AA37755BC4 month: '04' oa_version: None page: 127 - 136 publication: Genetical Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6723 publication_status: published publisher: Cambridge University Press publist_id: '2740' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Group selection and the 'shifting balance' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 61 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '3644' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Wright proposed that there is a ' shifting balance' between selection within demes, random drift, and selection between demes at different 'adaptive peaks'. We investigate the establishment and spread of new adaptive peaks, considering a chromosome rearrangement, and a polygenic character under disruptive selection. When the number of migrants (Nm) is small, demes fluctuate independently, with a bias towards the fitter peak. When Nm is large, the whole population can\r\nmove to one of two stable equilibria, and so can be trapped near the lower peak. These two regimes are separated by a sharp transition at a critical Nm of order 1. Just below this critical point, adaptation is most efficient, since the shifting balance greatly increases the proportion of demes that reach the global optimum. This is so even if one peak is only slightly fitter than the other (AWx \\/N), and for both strong and weak selection (Ns <§ 1 or Ns > 1). Provided that Nm\r\nvaries sufficiently gradually from place to place, the fitter peak can be established in regions where Nm « 1, and can then spread through the rest of the range. Our analysis confirms Wright's argument that if selection, migration and drift are of the same order, the ' shifting balance' leads to efficient evolution towards the global optimum." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 - first_name: Shahin full_name: Rouhani, Shahin last_name: Rouhani citation: ama: Barton NH, Rouhani S. Adaptation and the “shifting balance.” Genetical Research. 1993;61(1):57-74. doi:10.1017/S0016672300031098 apa: Barton, N. H., & Rouhani, S. (1993). Adaptation and the “shifting balance.” Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031098 chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Shahin Rouhani. “Adaptation and the ‘Shifting Balance.’” Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031098 . ieee: N. H. Barton and S. Rouhani, “Adaptation and the ‘shifting balance,’” Genetical Research, vol. 61, no. 1. Cambridge University Press, pp. 57–74, 1993. ista: Barton NH, Rouhani S. 1993. Adaptation and the ‘shifting balance’. Genetical Research. 61(1), 57–74. mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Shahin Rouhani. “Adaptation and the ‘Shifting Balance.’” Genetical Research, vol. 61, no. 1, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 57–74, doi:10.1017/S0016672300031098 . short: N.H. Barton, S. Rouhani, Genetical Research 61 (1993) 57–74. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:24Z date_published: 1993-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T08:18:58Z day: '01' doi: '10.1017/S0016672300031098 ' extern: '1' intvolume: ' 61' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/adaptation-and-the-shifting-balance/2E15452B3AFCA97E77743E0C7E108064 month: '02' oa_version: None page: 57 - 74 publication: Genetical Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6723 publication_status: published publisher: Cambridge University Press publist_id: '2739' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Adaptation and the 'shifting balance' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 61 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4044' abstract: - lang: eng text: Edge insertion iteratively improves a triangulation of a finite point set in ℜ2 by adding a new edge, deleting old edges crossing the new edge, and retriangulating the polygonal regions on either side of the new edge. This paper presents an abstract view of the edge insertion paradigm, and then shows that it gives polynomial-time algorithms for several types of optimal triangulations, including minimizing the maximum slope of a piecewise-linear interpolating surface. acknowledgement: "The authors thank two anonymous referees for suggestions on improving the style of this paper. The research of the second' author was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCR-8921421 and under the Alan T. Waterman award, Grant No. CCR-9118874. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. Part of the work was done while the second, third, and fourth authors visited the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center,\r\nand while the fifth author was on study leave at the University of Illinois. " article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Marshall full_name: Bern, Marshall last_name: Bern - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: David full_name: Eppstein, David last_name: Eppstein - first_name: Stephen full_name: Mitchell, Stephen last_name: Mitchell - first_name: Tiow full_name: Tan, Tiow last_name: Tan citation: ama: Bern M, Edelsbrunner H, Eppstein D, Mitchell S, Tan T. Edge insertion for optimal triangulations. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 1993;10(1):47-65. doi:10.1007/BF02573962 apa: Bern, M., Edelsbrunner, H., Eppstein, D., Mitchell, S., & Tan, T. (1993). Edge insertion for optimal triangulations. Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573962 chicago: Bern, Marshall, Herbert Edelsbrunner, David Eppstein, Stephen Mitchell, and Tiow Tan. “Edge Insertion for Optimal Triangulations.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573962. ieee: M. Bern, H. Edelsbrunner, D. Eppstein, S. Mitchell, and T. Tan, “Edge insertion for optimal triangulations,” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 10, no. 1. Springer, pp. 47–65, 1993. ista: Bern M, Edelsbrunner H, Eppstein D, Mitchell S, Tan T. 1993. Edge insertion for optimal triangulations. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 10(1), 47–65. mla: Bern, Marshall, et al. “Edge Insertion for Optimal Triangulations.” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 10, no. 1, Springer, 1993, pp. 47–65, doi:10.1007/BF02573962. short: M. Bern, H. Edelsbrunner, D. Eppstein, S. Mitchell, T. Tan, Discrete & Computational Geometry 10 (1993) 47–65. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:36Z date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-28T14:10:59Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF02573962 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 10' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02573962 month: '12' oa_version: None page: 47 - 65 publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry publication_identifier: issn: - 0179-5376 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '2082' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Edge insertion for optimal triangulations type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 10 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4045' abstract: - lang: eng text: We apply Megiddo's parametric searching technique to several geometric optimization problems and derive significantly improved solutions for them. We obtain, for any fixed ε>0, an O(n1+ε) algorithm for computing the diameter of a point set in 3-space, an O(8/5+ε) algorithm for computing the width of such a set, and on O(n8/5+ε) algorithm for computing the closest pair in a set of n lines in space. All these algorithms are deterministic. acknowledgement: '*Work by Bernard Chazelle was supported by NSF Grant CCR-90-02352. Work by Herbert Edelsbrunner was supported by NSF Grant CCR-89-21421. Work by Leonidas Guibas and Micha Sharir was supported by a grant from the U.S.-Israeli Binational Science Foundation. Work by Micha Sharir was also supported by ONR Grant N00014-90-J-1284, by NSF Grant CCR-89-01484, and by grants from the Fund for Basic Research administered by the Israeli Academy of Sciences, and the G.I.F., the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Bernard full_name: Chazelle, Bernard last_name: Chazelle - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Leonidas full_name: Guibas, Leonidas last_name: Guibas - first_name: Micha full_name: Sharir, Micha last_name: Sharir citation: ama: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. Diameter, width, closest line pair, and parametric searching. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 1993;10(1):183-196. doi:10.1007/BF02573973 apa: Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., & Sharir, M. (1993). Diameter, width, closest line pair, and parametric searching. Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573973 chicago: Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, and Micha Sharir. “Diameter, Width, Closest Line Pair, and Parametric Searching.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573973. ieee: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, and M. Sharir, “Diameter, width, closest line pair, and parametric searching,” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 10, no. 1. Springer, pp. 183–196, 1993. ista: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. 1993. Diameter, width, closest line pair, and parametric searching. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 10(1), 183–196. mla: Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Diameter, Width, Closest Line Pair, and Parametric Searching.” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 10, no. 1, Springer, 1993, pp. 183–96, doi:10.1007/BF02573973. short: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, Discrete & Computational Geometry 10 (1993) 183–196. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:37Z date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-28T14:50:42Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF02573973 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 10' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02573973 month: '12' oa_version: None page: 183 - 196 publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry publication_identifier: issn: - 0179-5376 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '2083' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Diameter, width, closest line pair, and parametric searching type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 10 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4042' abstract: - lang: eng text: It is shown that a triangulation of a set of n points in the plane that minimizes the maximum edge length can be computed in time 0(n2). The algorithm is reasonably easy to implement and is based on the theorem that there is a triangulation with minmax edge length that contains the relative neighborhood graph of the points as a subgraph. With minor modifications the algorithm works for arbitrary normed metrics. acknowledgement: The authors thank an anonymous referee for suggestions on the organization of this paper. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Tiow full_name: Tan, Tiow last_name: Tan citation: ama: Edelsbrunner H, Tan T. A quadratic time algorithm for the minmax length triangulation. SIAM Journal on Computing. 1993;22(3):527-551. doi:10.1137/0222036 apa: Edelsbrunner, H., & Tan, T. (1993). A quadratic time algorithm for the minmax length triangulation. SIAM Journal on Computing. SIAM. https://doi.org/10.1137/0222036 chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Tiow Tan. “A Quadratic Time Algorithm for the Minmax Length Triangulation.” SIAM Journal on Computing. SIAM, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1137/0222036 . ieee: H. Edelsbrunner and T. Tan, “A quadratic time algorithm for the minmax length triangulation,” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 22, no. 3. SIAM, pp. 527–551, 1993. ista: Edelsbrunner H, Tan T. 1993. A quadratic time algorithm for the minmax length triangulation. SIAM Journal on Computing. 22(3), 527–551. mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Tiow Tan. “A Quadratic Time Algorithm for the Minmax Length Triangulation.” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 22, no. 3, SIAM, 1993, pp. 527–51, doi:10.1137/0222036 . short: H. Edelsbrunner, T. Tan, SIAM Journal on Computing 22 (1993) 527–551. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:36Z date_published: 1993-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T07:43:13Z day: '01' doi: '10.1137/0222036 ' extern: '1' intvolume: ' 22' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0222036 month: '06' oa_version: None page: 527 - 551 publication: SIAM Journal on Computing publication_identifier: issn: - 0097-5397 publication_status: published publisher: SIAM publist_id: '2086' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: A quadratic time algorithm for the minmax length triangulation type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 22 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4177' abstract: - lang: eng text: Thyroid hormones play an important role in brain development, but the mechanism(s) by which triiodothyronine (T3) mediates neuronal differentiation is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that T3 regulates the neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), in developing rat cerebellar granule cells both in cell culture and in vivo. In situ hybridization experiments showed that developing Purkinje cells do not express NT-3 mRNA but do express trkC, the putative neuronal receptor for NT-3. Addition of recombinant NT-3 to cerebellar cultures from embryonic rat brain induces hypertrophy and neurite sprouting of Purkinje cells, and upregulates the mRNA encoding the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-28 kD. The present study demonstrates a novel interaction between cerebellar granule neurons and developing Purkinje cells in which NT-3 induced by T3 in the granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. acknowledgement: "E. Castrtn is an Alexander von Humboldt fellow. M. Berzaghi is supported by a scholarship from CNPQ, Brasil. L. F. Parada, P. Tsoulfas, and L. Tesarollo were supported by a National Institutes of Health grant. We thank D. Stratmann and K. Angermeyer for skillful technical assistance; I. Hajjar for secretarial work and Dr. R. G~rtner for help with\r\ninducing hypothyroidism; Dr. W. Hunzieker for the calbindin-28 kD eDNA; Dr. M. Fishman for the GAP-43 eDNA; and Dr. Y.-A. Barde for critical comments." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Dan full_name: Lindholm, Dan last_name: Lindholm - first_name: Eero full_name: Castrén, Eero last_name: Castrén - first_name: Pantelis full_name: Tsoulfas, Pantelis last_name: Tsoulfas - first_name: Roland full_name: Kolbeck, Roland last_name: Kolbeck - first_name: Maria full_name: Berzaghi, Maria last_name: Berzaghi - first_name: Axel full_name: Leingärtner, Axel last_name: Leingärtner - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Lino full_name: Tesarollo, Lino last_name: Tesarollo - first_name: Luis full_name: Parada, Luis last_name: Parada - first_name: Hans full_name: Thoenen, Hans last_name: Thoenen citation: ama: Lindholm D, Castrén E, Tsoulfas P, et al. Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal of Cell Biology. 1993;122(2):443-450. doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.443 apa: Lindholm, D., Castrén, E., Tsoulfas, P., Kolbeck, R., Berzaghi, M., Leingärtner, A., … Thoenen, H. (1993). Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443 chicago: Lindholm, Dan, Eero Castrén, Pantelis Tsoulfas, Roland Kolbeck, Maria Berzaghi, Axel Leingärtner, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Lino Tesarollo, Luis Parada, and Hans Thoenen. “Neurotrophin-3 Induced by Tri-Iodothyronine in Cerebellar Granule Cells Promotes Purkinje Cell Differentiation.” Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443. ieee: D. Lindholm et al., “Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation,” Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 122, no. 2. Rockefeller University Press, pp. 443–450, 1993. ista: Lindholm D, Castrén E, Tsoulfas P, Kolbeck R, Berzaghi M, Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Tesarollo L, Parada L, Thoenen H. 1993. Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal of Cell Biology. 122(2), 443–450. mla: Lindholm, Dan, et al. “Neurotrophin-3 Induced by Tri-Iodothyronine in Cerebellar Granule Cells Promotes Purkinje Cell Differentiation.” Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 122, no. 2, Rockefeller University Press, 1993, pp. 443–50, doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.443. short: D. Lindholm, E. Castrén, P. Tsoulfas, R. Kolbeck, M. Berzaghi, A. Leingärtner, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, L. Tesarollo, L. Parada, H. Thoenen, Journal of Cell Biology 122 (1993) 443–450. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:25Z date_published: 1993-07-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-24T12:59:20Z day: '15' doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.2.443 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8320266' intvolume: ' 122' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2119654/ month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 443 - 450 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Cell Biology publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9525 publication_status: published publisher: Rockefeller University Press publist_id: '1942' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 122 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4175' abstract: - lang: eng text: We have studied the effects of different neurotrophins on the survival and proliferation of rat cerebellar granule cells in culture. These neurons express trkB and trkC, the putative neuronal receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) respectively. Binding studies using iodinated BDNF and NT-3 demonstrated that both BDNF and NT-3 bind to the cerebellar granule neurons with a similar affinity of approximately 2 x 10(-9) M. The number of receptors per granule cell was surprisingly high, approximately 30 x 10(-4) and 2 x 10(5) for BDNF and NT-3, respectively. Both NT-3 and BDNF elevated c-fos mRNA in the granule neurons, but only BDNF up-regulated the mRNA encoding the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75). In contrast to NT-3, BDNF acted as a survival factor for the granule neurons. BDNF also induced sprouting of the granule neurons and significantly protected them against neurotoxicity induced by high (1 mM) glutamate concentrations. Cultured granule neurons also expressed low levels of BDNF mRNA which were increased by kainic acid, a glutamate receptor agonist. Thus, BDNF, but not NT-3, is a survival factor for cultured cerebellar granule neurons and activation of glutamate receptor(s) up-regulates BDNF expression in these cells. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Dan full_name: Lindholm, Dan last_name: Lindholm - first_name: Georg full_name: Dechant, Georg last_name: Dechant - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Hans full_name: Thoenen, Hans last_name: Thoenen citation: ama: Lindholm D, Dechant G, Heisenberg C-PJ, Thoenen H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. European Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;5(11):1455-1464. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x apa: Lindholm, D., Dechant, G., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., & Thoenen, H. (1993). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. European Journal of Neuroscience. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x chicago: Lindholm, Dan, Georg Dechant, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, and Hans Thoenen. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is a Survival Factor for Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons and Protects Them against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity.” European Journal of Neuroscience. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x. ieee: D. Lindholm, G. Dechant, C.-P. J. Heisenberg, and H. Thoenen, “Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity,” European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 5, no. 11. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1455–1464, 1993. ista: Lindholm D, Dechant G, Heisenberg C-PJ, Thoenen H. 1993. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. European Journal of Neuroscience. 5(11), 1455–1464. mla: Lindholm, Dan, et al. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is a Survival Factor for Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons and Protects Them against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity.” European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 5, no. 11, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 1455–64, doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x. short: D. Lindholm, G. Dechant, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, H. Thoenen, European Journal of Neuroscience 5 (1993) 1455–1464. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:24Z date_published: 1993-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-28T13:33:18Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7904521 ' intvolume: ' 5' issue: '11' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x month: '11' oa_version: None page: 1455 - 1464 pmid: 1 publication: European Journal of Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0953-816X publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '1943' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 5 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4299' abstract: - lang: eng text: Evolutionary explanations of aging (or senescence) fall into two classes. First, organisms might have evolved the optimal life history, in which survival and fertility late in life are sacrificed for the sake of early reproduction or high pre-adult survival. Second, the life history might be depressed below this optimal compromise by the influx of deleterious mutations; since selection against late-acting mutations is weaker, deleterious mutations will impose a greater load on late life. We discuss ways in which these theories might be investigated and distinguished, with reference to experimental work withDrosophila. While genetic correlations between life history traits determine the immediate response to selection, they are hard to measure, and may not reflect the fundamental constraints on life history. Long term selection experiments are more likely to be informative. The third approach of using experimental manipulations suffers from some of the same problems as measures of genetic correlations; however, these two approaches may be fruitful when used together. The experimental results so far suggest that aging inDrosophila has evolved in part as a consequence of selection for an optimal life history, and in part as a result of accumulation of predominantly late-acting deleterious mutations. Quantification of these effects presents a major challenge for the future. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Linda full_name: Partridge, Linda last_name: Partridge - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: 'Partridge L, Barton NH. Evolution of aging: Testing the theory using Drosophila. Genetica. 1993;91(1-3):89-98. doi:10.1007/BF01435990' apa: 'Partridge, L., & Barton, N. H. (1993). Evolution of aging: Testing the theory using Drosophila. Genetica. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01435990' chicago: 'Partridge, Linda, and Nicholas H Barton. “Evolution of Aging: Testing the Theory Using Drosophila.” Genetica. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01435990.' ieee: 'L. Partridge and N. H. Barton, “Evolution of aging: Testing the theory using Drosophila,” Genetica, vol. 91, no. 1–3. Springer, pp. 89–98, 1993.' ista: 'Partridge L, Barton NH. 1993. Evolution of aging: Testing the theory using Drosophila. Genetica. 91(1–3), 89–98.' mla: 'Partridge, Linda, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Evolution of Aging: Testing the Theory Using Drosophila.” Genetica, vol. 91, no. 1–3, Springer, 1993, pp. 89–98, doi:10.1007/BF01435990.' short: L. Partridge, N.H. Barton, Genetica 91 (1993) 89–98. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:07Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-02T10:00:56Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF01435990 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8125281 ' intvolume: ' 91' issue: 1-3 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01435990 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 89 - 98 pmid: 1 publication: Genetica publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6707 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '1769' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Evolution of aging: Testing the theory using Drosophila' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 91 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4300' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Evolutionary explanations of ageing fall into two classes. Organisms might have evolved the optimal life history, in which survival and fertility late in life are sacrificed for the sake of early reproduction and survival. Alternatively, the life history might be depressed below this optimal compromise by deleterious mutations: because selection against late-acting mutations is weaker, these will impose a greater load on late life. Evidence for the importance of both is emerging, and unravelling their relative importance presents experimentalists with a major challenge.' acknowledgement: We thank B. Charlesworth, T. Chapman. K. Dawson, K. S. Gale. P. Harvey. A. Kondrashov. J. Maynard Smith, M. J. Morgan, M. Slatkin and M. Turell/ for helpful comments and C. Roper for providing the data for Fig. 1. Our work was supported by grants from the NERC and SERC and by the Darwin Trust of Edinburgh. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Linda full_name: Partridge, Linda last_name: Partridge - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Partridge L, Barton NH. Optimality, mutation and the evolution of ageing. Nature. 1993;362:305-311. doi:10.1038/362305a0 apa: Partridge, L., & Barton, N. H. (1993). Optimality, mutation and the evolution of ageing. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/362305a0 chicago: Partridge, Linda, and Nicholas H Barton. “Optimality, Mutation and the Evolution of Ageing.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1038/362305a0. ieee: L. Partridge and N. H. Barton, “Optimality, mutation and the evolution of ageing,” Nature, vol. 362. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 305–311, 1993. ista: Partridge L, Barton NH. 1993. Optimality, mutation and the evolution of ageing. Nature. 362, 305–311. mla: Partridge, Linda, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Optimality, Mutation and the Evolution of Ageing.” Nature, vol. 362, Nature Publishing Group, 1993, pp. 305–11, doi:10.1038/362305a0. short: L. Partridge, N.H. Barton, Nature 362 (1993) 305–311. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:07Z date_published: 1993-03-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-24T12:22:38Z day: '25' doi: 10.1038/362305a0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8455716' intvolume: ' 362' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.nature.com/articles/362305a0 month: '03' oa_version: None page: 305 - 311 pmid: 1 publication: Nature publication_identifier: issn: - 0028-0836 publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '1766' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Optimality, mutation and the evolution of ageing type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 362 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4506' abstract: - lang: eng text: We propose a formal framework for designing hybrid systems by stepwise refinement. Starting with a specification in hybrid temporal logic, we make successively more transitions explicit until we obtain an executable system. acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-92-00794 and CCR-92-23226, by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract NAG2-703, by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contracts F49620-93-1-0056 and F49620-93-1-0139, and by the European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action Project 6021 (REACT). alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Zohar full_name: Manna, Zohar last_name: Manna - first_name: Amir full_name: Pnueli, Amir last_name: Pnueli citation: ama: 'Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. Towards refining temporal specifications into hybrid systems. In: Grossman R, Nerode A, Ravn A, Rischel H, eds. International Hybrid Systems Workshop. Vol 736. Springer; 1993:60-76. doi:10.1007/3-540-57318-6_24' apa: Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., & Pnueli, A. (1993). Towards refining temporal specifications into hybrid systems. In R. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. Ravn, & H. Rischel (Eds.), International Hybrid Systems Workshop (Vol. 736, pp. 60–76). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57318-6_24 chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “Towards Refining Temporal Specifications into Hybrid Systems.” In International Hybrid Systems Workshop, edited by Robert Grossman, Anil Nerode, Anders Ravn, and Hans Rischel, 736:60–76. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57318-6_24. ieee: T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “Towards refining temporal specifications into hybrid systems,” in International Hybrid Systems Workshop, 1993, vol. 736, pp. 60–76. ista: Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1993. Towards refining temporal specifications into hybrid systems. International Hybrid Systems Workshop. International Hybrid Systems Workshop, LNCS, vol. 736, 60–76. mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Towards Refining Temporal Specifications into Hybrid Systems.” International Hybrid Systems Workshop, edited by Robert Grossman et al., vol. 736, Springer, 1993, pp. 60–76, doi:10.1007/3-540-57318-6_24. short: T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, in:, R. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. Ravn, H. Rischel (Eds.), International Hybrid Systems Workshop, Springer, 1993, pp. 60–76. conference: name: International Hybrid Systems Workshop date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:12Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:13:46Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-57318-6_24 editor: - first_name: Robert full_name: Grossman, Robert last_name: Grossman - first_name: Anil full_name: Nerode, Anil last_name: Nerode - first_name: Anders full_name: Ravn, Anders last_name: Ravn - first_name: Hans full_name: Rischel, Hans last_name: Rischel extern: '1' intvolume: ' 736' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-57318-6_24 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 60 - 76 publication: International Hybrid Systems Workshop publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-3-540-57318-0 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '225' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Towards refining temporal specifications into hybrid systems type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 736 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4589' abstract: - lang: eng text: "The theory of the natural numbers with linear order and monadic predicates underlies propositional linear temporal logic. To study temporal logics that are suitable for reasoning about real-time systems, we combine this classical theory of infinite state sequences with a theory of discrete time, via a monotonic function that maps every state to its time. The resulting theory of timed state sequences is shown to be decidable, albeit nonelementary, and its expressive power is characterized by ω-regular sets. Several more expressive variants are proved to be highly undecidable. This framework allows us to classify a wide variety of real-time logics according to their complexity and expressiveness. Indeed, it follows that most formalisms proposed in the literature cannot be decided. We are, however, able to identify two elementary real-time temporal logics as expressively complete fragments of the theory of timed state sequences, and we present tableau-based decision procedures for checking validity. Consequently, these two formalisms are well-suited for the specification and verification of real-time systems.\r\n\r\nCopyright © 1993 Academic Press. All rights reserved." acknowledgement: We thank David Dill, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli for helpful discussion. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Rajeev full_name: Alur, Rajeev last_name: Alur - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 citation: ama: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA. Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness. Information and Computation. 1993;104(1):35-77. doi:10.1006/inco.1993.1025' apa: 'Alur, R., & Henzinger, T. A. (1993). Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness. Information and Computation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025' chicago: 'Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Real-Time Logics: Complexity and Expressiveness.” Information and Computation. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025.' ieee: 'R. Alur and T. A. Henzinger, “Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness,” Information and Computation, vol. 104, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 35–77, 1993.' ista: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA. 1993. Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness. Information and Computation. 104(1), 35–77.' mla: 'Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A. Henzinger. “Real-Time Logics: Complexity and Expressiveness.” Information and Computation, vol. 104, no. 1, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 35–77, doi:10.1006/inco.1993.1025.' short: R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, Information and Computation 104 (1993) 35–77. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:38Z date_published: 1993-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:08:27Z day: '01' doi: 10.1006/inco.1993.1025 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 104' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540183710254?via%3Dihub month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 35 - 77 publication: Information and Computation publication_identifier: eissn: - 0890-5401 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '116' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 104 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4618' abstract: - lang: eng text: We introduce the framework of hybrid automata as a model and specification language for hybrid systems. Hybrid automata can be viewed as a generalization of timed automata, in which the behavior of variables is governed in each state by a set of differential equations. We show that many of the examples considered in the workshop can be defined by hybrid automata. While the reachability problem is undecidable even for very restricted classes of hybrid automata, we present two semidecision procedures for verifying safety properties of piecewiselinear hybrid automata, in which all variables change at constant rates. The two procedures are based, respectively, on minimizing and computing fixpoints on generally infinite state spaces. We show that if the procedures terminate, then they give correct answers. We then demonstrate that for many of the typical workshop examples, the procedures do terminate and thus provide an automatic way for verifying their properties. acknowledgement: BRA ESPRIT project REACT, National Science Foundation under grant CCR-9200794 , United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract F49620-93-1-0056. alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Rajeev full_name: Alur, Rajeev last_name: Alur - first_name: Costas full_name: Courcoubetis, Costas last_name: Courcoubetis - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Pei full_name: Ho, Pei last_name: Ho citation: ama: 'Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Henzinger TA, Ho P. Hybrid automata: An algorithmic approach to the specification and verification of hybrid systems. In: Grossman R, Nerode A, Ravn A, Rischel H, eds. Hybrid Systems. Vol 736. Springer; 1993:209-229. doi:10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30' apa: 'Alur, R., Courcoubetis, C., Henzinger, T. A., & Ho, P. (1993). Hybrid automata: An algorithmic approach to the specification and verification of hybrid systems. In R. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. Ravn, & H. Rischel (Eds.), Hybrid Systems (Vol. 736, pp. 209–229). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30' chicago: 'Alur, Rajeev, Costas Courcoubetis, Thomas A Henzinger, and Pei Ho. “Hybrid Automata: An Algorithmic Approach to the Specification and Verification of Hybrid Systems.” In Hybrid Systems, edited by Robert Grossman, Anil Nerode, Anders Ravn, and Hans Rischel, 736:209–29. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30.' ieee: 'R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, T. A. Henzinger, and P. Ho, “Hybrid automata: An algorithmic approach to the specification and verification of hybrid systems,” in Hybrid Systems, 1993, vol. 736, pp. 209–229.' ista: 'Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Henzinger TA, Ho P. 1993. Hybrid automata: An algorithmic approach to the specification and verification of hybrid systems. Hybrid Systems. , LNCS, vol. 736, 209–229.' mla: 'Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Hybrid Automata: An Algorithmic Approach to the Specification and Verification of Hybrid Systems.” Hybrid Systems, edited by Robert Grossman et al., vol. 736, Springer, 1993, pp. 209–29, doi:10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30.' short: R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, in:, R. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. Ravn, H. Rischel (Eds.), Hybrid Systems, Springer, 1993, pp. 209–229. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:47Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-21T11:04:54Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30 editor: - first_name: Robert full_name: Grossman, Robert last_name: Grossman - first_name: Anil full_name: Nerode, Anil last_name: Nerode - first_name: Anders full_name: Ravn, Anders last_name: Ravn - first_name: Hans full_name: Rischel, Hans last_name: Rischel extern: '1' intvolume: ' 736' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 209 - 229 publication: Hybrid Systems publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '87' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Hybrid automata: An algorithmic approach to the specification and verification of hybrid systems' type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 736 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4616' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present a model checking procedure and its implementation for the automatic verification of embedded systems. Systems are represented by hybrid automata - machines with finite control and real-valued variables modeling continuous environment parameters such as time, pressure, and temperature. System properties are specified in a real-time temporal logic and verified by symbolic computation. The verification procedure, implemented in Mathematica, is used to prove digital controllers and distributed algorithms correct. The verifier checks safety, liveness, time-bounded, and duration properties of hybrid automata article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Rajeev full_name: Alur, Rajeev last_name: Alur - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Pei full_name: Ho, Pei last_name: Ho citation: ama: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA, Ho P. Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems. In: 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium. IEEE; 1993:2-11. doi:10.1109/REAL.1993.393520 ' apa: 'Alur, R., Henzinger, T. A., & Ho, P. (1993). Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems. In 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium (pp. 2–11). Raleigh, NC, United States of America: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1993.393520 ' chicago: Alur, Rajeev, Thomas A Henzinger, and Pei Ho. “Automatic Symbolic Verification of Embedded Systems.” In 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2–11. IEEE, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1993.393520 . ieee: R. Alur, T. A. Henzinger, and P. Ho, “Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems,” in 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium, Raleigh, NC, United States of America, 1993, pp. 2–11. ista: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA, Ho P. 1993. Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems. 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium. RTSS: Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2–11.' mla: Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Automatic Symbolic Verification of Embedded Systems.” 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE, 1993, pp. 2–11, doi:10.1109/REAL.1993.393520 . short: R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, in:, 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE, 1993, pp. 2–11. conference: end_date: 1993-12-03 location: Raleigh, NC, United States of America name: 'RTSS: Real-Time Systems Symposium' start_date: 1993-12-01 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:46Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:01:41Z day: '01' doi: '10.1109/REAL.1993.393520 ' extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/393520 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 2 - 11 publication: 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium publication_identifier: isbn: - 0-8186-4480-X publication_status: published publisher: IEEE publist_id: '90' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4620' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present a verification algorithm for duration properties of finite-state real-time systems. While simple real-time properties constrain the total elapsed time between events, duration properties constrain the accumulated time during which certain state predicates hold. We formalize the concept of durations by introducing duration measures for (dense-time) timed automata. Given a timed automaton with a duration measure, a start and a target state, and a duration constraint, the duration-bounded reachability problem asks if there is a run of the automaton from the start state to the target state such that the accumulated duration along the run satisfies the constraint. Our main result is a novel decision procedure for solving the duration-bounded reachability problem. We also prove that the problem is PSPACE-complete and demonstrate how the solution can be used to verify interesting duration properties of real-time systems. acknowledgement: BRA ESPRIT project REACT, National Science Foundation grant CCR-9200794 United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract F49620-93-1-0056 alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Rajeev full_name: Alur, Rajeev last_name: Alur - first_name: Costas full_name: Courcoubetis, Costas last_name: Courcoubetis - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 citation: ama: 'Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Henzinger TA. Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems. In: 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. Vol 697. Springer; 1993:181-193. doi:10.1007/3-540-56922-7_16' apa: 'Alur, R., Courcoubetis, C., & Henzinger, T. A. (1993). Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems. In 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (Vol. 697, pp. 181–193). Elounda, Greece: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56922-7_16' chicago: Alur, Rajeev, Costas Courcoubetis, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Computing Accumulated Delays in Real-Time Systems.” In 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, 697:181–93. Springer, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56922-7_16. ieee: R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, and T. A. Henzinger, “Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems,” in 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Elounda, Greece, 1993, vol. 697, pp. 181–193. ista: 'Alur R, Courcoubetis C, Henzinger TA. 1993. Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems. 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 697, 181–193.' mla: Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Computing Accumulated Delays in Real-Time Systems.” 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, vol. 697, Springer, 1993, pp. 181–93, doi:10.1007/3-540-56922-7_16. short: R. Alur, C. Courcoubetis, T.A. Henzinger, in:, 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Springer, 1993, pp. 181–193. conference: end_date: 1993-07-01 location: Elounda, Greece name: 'CAV: Computer Aided Verification' start_date: 1993-06-28 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:47Z date_published: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-21T13:55:53Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/3-540-56922-7_16 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 697' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-56922-7_16 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 181 - 193 publication: 5th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '89' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Computing accumulated delays in real-time systems type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 697 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '4619' abstract: - lang: eng text: Traditional approaches to the algorithmic verification of real-time systems are limited to checking program correctness with respect to concrete timing properties (e.g., "message delivery within 10 milliseconds"). We address the more realistic and more ambitious problem of deriving symbolic constraints on the timing properties required of real-time systems (e.g., "message delivery within the time it takes to execute two assignment statements"). To model this problem, we introduce parametric timed automata -- finite-state machines whose transitions are constrained with parametric timing requirements. The emptiness question for parametric timed automata is central to the verification problem. On the negative side, we show that in general this question is undecidable. On the positive side, we provide algorithms for checking the emptiness of restricted classes of parametric timed automata. The practical relevance of these classes is illustrated with several verification examples. There remains a gap between the automata classes for which we know that emptiness is decidable and undecidable, respectively, and this gap is related to various hard and open problems of logic and automata theory. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Rajeev full_name: Alur, Rajeev last_name: Alur - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Moshe full_name: Vardi, Moshe last_name: Vardi citation: ama: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA, Vardi M. Parametric real-time reasoning. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. ACM; 1993:592-601. doi:10.1145/167088.167242' apa: 'Alur, R., Henzinger, T. A., & Vardi, M. (1993). Parametric real-time reasoning. In Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing (pp. 592–601). San Diego, CA, United States of America: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/167088.167242' chicago: Alur, Rajeev, Thomas A Henzinger, and Moshe Vardi. “Parametric Real-Time Reasoning.” In Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 592–601. ACM, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1145/167088.167242. ieee: R. Alur, T. A. Henzinger, and M. Vardi, “Parametric real-time reasoning,” in Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing, San Diego, CA, United States of America, 1993, pp. 592–601. ista: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA, Vardi M. 1993. Parametric real-time reasoning. Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing. STOC: Symposium on the Theory of Computing, 592–601.' mla: Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Parametric Real-Time Reasoning.” Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, 1993, pp. 592–601, doi:10.1145/167088.167242. short: R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, M. Vardi, in:, Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, 1993, pp. 592–601. conference: end_date: 1993-05-18 location: San Diego, CA, United States of America name: 'STOC: Symposium on the Theory of Computing' start_date: 1993-05-16 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:47Z date_published: 1993-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-21T11:11:37Z day: '01' doi: 10.1145/167088.167242 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/167088.167242 month: '06' oa_version: None page: 592 - 601 publication: Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing publication_status: published publisher: ACM publist_id: '88' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Parametric real-time reasoning type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1993' ...