TY - DATA AB - GABAB receptor (GBR) activation inhibits neurotransmitter release in axon terminals in the brain, except in medial habenula (MHb) terminals, which show robust potentiation. However, mechanisms underlying this enigmatic potentiation remain elusive. Here, we report that GBR activation on MHb terminals induces an activity-dependent transition from a facilitating, tonic to a depressing, phasic neurotransmitter release mode. This transition is accompanied by a 4.1-fold increase in readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) size and a 3.5-fold increase of docked synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Strikingly, tonic and phasic release exhibit distinct coupling distances and are selectively affected by deletion of synaptoporin (SPO) and Ca2+-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2), respectively. SPO modulates augmentation, the short-term plasticity associated with tonic release, and CAPS2 retains the increased RRP for initial responses in phasic response trains. Double pre-embedding immunolabeling confirmed the co-localization of CAPS2 and SPO inside the same terminal. The cytosolic protein CAPS2 showed a synaptic vesicle (SV)-associated distribution similar to the vesicular transmembrane protein SPO. A newly developed “Flash and Freeze-fracture” method revealed the release of SPO-associated vesicles in both tonic and phasic modes and activity-dependent recruitment of CAPS2 to the AZ during phasic release, which lasted several minutes. Overall, these results indicate that GBR activation translocates CAPS2 to the AZ along with the fusion of CAPS2-associated SVs, contributing to a persistent RRP increase. Thus, we discovered structural and molecular mechanisms underlying tonic and phasic neurotransmitter release and their transition by GBR activation in MHb terminals. AU - Shigemoto, Ryuichi ID - 13173 KW - medial habenula KW - GABAB receptor KW - vesicle release KW - Flash and Freeze KW - Flash and Freeze-fracture TI - Transition from tonic to phasic neurotransmitter release by presynaptic GABAB receptor activation in medial habenula terminals ER - TY - DATA AB - FtsA is crucial for assembly of the E. coli divisome, as it dynamically links cytoplasmic FtsZ filaments with transmembrane cell division proteins. FtsA allegedly initiates cell division by switching from an inactive polymeric to an active monomeric confirmation, which recruits downstream proteins and stabilizes FtsZ filaments. Here, we use biochemical reconstitution experiments combined with quantitative fluorescence microscopy to study divisome activation in vitro. We compare wildtype-FtsA with FtsA-R286W, a constantly active gain-of-function mutant and find that R286W outperforms the wildtype protein in replicating FtsZ treadmilling dynamics, stabilizing FtsZ filaments and recruiting FtsN. We attribute these differences to a faster membrane exchange of FtsA-R286W and its higher packing density below FtsZ filaments. Using FRET microscopy, we find that FtsN binding does not compete with, but promotes FtsA self-interaction. Our findings suggest a model where FtsA always forms dynamic polymers on the membrane, which re-organize during assembly and activation of the divisome. AU - Radler, Philipp ID - 10934 KW - Bacterial cell division KW - in vitro reconstitution KW - FtsZ KW - FtsN KW - FtsA TI - In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation ER - TY - DATA AU - Schulz, Rouven ID - 11542 TI - Source Data (Chimeric GPCRs mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia responses) ER - TY - DATA AB - This .zip File contains the transport data, the codes for the data analysis, the microscopy analysis and the codes for the theoretical simulations for "Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero bias peaks" by M. Valentini, et. al. The transport data are saved with hdf5 file format. The files can be open with the log browser of Labber. AU - Valentini, Marco AU - San-Jose, Pablo AU - Arbiol, Jordi AU - Marti-Sanchez, Sara AU - Botifoll, Marc ID - 12522 TI - Data for "Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero bias peaks" ER - TY - DATA AB - Here are the research data underlying the publication "Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus" Further information are summed up in the README document. AU - Surendranadh, Parvathy AU - Arathoon, Louise S AU - Baskett, Carina AU - Field, David AU - Pickup, Melinda AU - Barton, Nicholas H ID - 11321 TI - Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus ER -