[{"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Cell division in Escherichia coli is performed by the divisome, a multi-protein complex composed of more than 30 proteins. The divisome spans from the cytoplasm through the inner membrane to the cell wall and the outer membrane. Divisome assembly is initiated by a cytoskeletal structure, the so-called Z-ring, which localizes at the center of the E. coli cell and determines the position of the future cell septum. The Z-ring is composed of the highly conserved bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ, which forms treadmilling filaments. These filaments are recruited to the inner membrane by FtsA, a highly conserved bacterial actin homologue. FtsA interacts with other proteins in the periplasm and thus connects the cytoplasmic and periplasmic components of the divisome. \r\nA previous model postulated that FtsA regulates maturation of the divisome by switching from an oligomeric, inactive state to a monomeric and active state. This model was based mostly on in vivo studies, as a biochemical characterization of FtsA has been hampered by difficulties in purifying the protein. Here, we studied FtsA using an in vitro reconstitution approach and aimed to answer two questions: (i) How are dynamics from cytoplasmic, treadmilling FtsZ filaments coupled to proteins acting in the periplasmic space and (ii) How does FtsA regulate the maturation of the divisome?\r\nWe found that the cytoplasmic peptides of the transmembrane proteins FtsN and FtsQ interact directly with FtsA and can follow the spatiotemporal signal of FtsA/Z filaments. When we investigated the underlying mechanism by imaging single molecules of FtsNcyto, we found the peptide to interact transiently with FtsA. An in depth analysis of the single molecule trajectories helped to postulate a model where PG synthases follow the dynamics of FtsZ by a diffusion and capture mechanism. \r\nFollowing up on these findings we were interested in how the self-interaction of FtsA changes when it encounters FtsNcyto and if we can confirm the proposed oligomer-monomer switch. For this, we compared the behavior of the previously identified, hyperactive mutant FtsA R286W with wildtype FtsA. The mutant outperforms WT in mirroring and transmitting the spatiotemporal signal of treadmilling FtsZ filaments. Surprisingly however, we found that this was not due to a difference in the self-interaction strength of the two variants, but a difference in their membrane residence time. Furthermore, in contrast to our expectations, upon binding of FtsNcyto the measured self-interaction of FtsA actually increased. \r\nWe propose that FtsNcyto induces a rearrangement of the oligomeric architecture of FtsA. In further consequence this change leads to more persistent FtsZ filaments which results in a defined signalling zone, allowing formation of the mature divisome. The observed difference between FtsA WT and R286W is due to the vastly different membrane turnover of the proteins. R286W cycles 5-10x faster compared to WT which allows to sample FtsZ filaments at faster frequencies. These findings can explain the observed differences in toxicity for overexpression of FtsA WT and R286W and help to understand how FtsA regulates divisome maturation."}],"title":"Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome","status":"public","ddc":["572"],"_id":"14280","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","file":[{"access_level":"closed","file_name":"PhD Thesis_Philipp Radler_20231004.docx","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_size":114932847,"creator":"pradler","relation":"source_file","file_id":"14390","checksum":"87eef11fbc5c7df0826f12a3a629b444","date_created":"2023-10-04T10:11:53Z","date_updated":"2023-10-04T10:28:35Z"},{"file_name":"PhD Thesis_Philipp Radler_20231004.pdf","embargo_to":"open_access","access_level":"closed","creator":"pradler","file_size":37838778,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"14391","embargo":"2024-10-04","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-10-04T10:11:21Z","date_updated":"2023-10-04T10:28:35Z","checksum":"3253e099b7126469d941fd9419d68b4f"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["Cell Division","Reconstitution","FtsZ","FtsA","Divisome","E.coli"],"day":"25","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"156","citation":{"chicago":"Radler, Philipp. “Spatiotemporal Signaling during Assembly of the Bacterial Divisome.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280.","short":"P. Radler, Spatiotemporal Signaling during Assembly of the Bacterial Divisome, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Radler, Philipp. Spatiotemporal Signaling during Assembly of the Bacterial Divisome. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:14280.","apa":"Radler, P. (2023). Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280","ieee":"P. Radler, “Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","ista":"Radler P. 2023. Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Radler P. Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:14280"},"date_published":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","file_date_updated":"2023-10-04T10:28:35Z","ec_funded":1,"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"MaLo"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","year":"2023","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:35:18Z","date_created":"2023-09-06T10:58:25Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Radler","first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Radler, Philipp"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"11373","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"7387"},{"id":"10934","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"month":"09","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-033-6"]},"project":[{"grant_number":"679239","_id":"2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell"},{"grant_number":"P34607","_id":"fc38323b-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff8afb4a011d","name":"Understanding bacterial cell division by in vitro\r\nreconstitution"},{"name":"Synthesis of bacterial cell wall","_id":"2596EAB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"ALTF 2015-1163"},{"name":"Reconstitution of bacterial cell wall sythesis","_id":"259B655A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"LT000824/2016"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Loose","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","full_name":"Loose, Martin"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:14280"},{"abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems are the harbour of many intriguing mesoscopic phenomena. This material combination leads to spatial variations of the superconducting properties, which gives rise to Andreev bound states (ABSs). Some of these states might exhibit remarkable properties that render them highly desirable for topological quantum computing. The most prominent and hunted of such states are Majorana zero modes (MZMs), quasiparticles equals to their own quasiparticles that they follow non-abelian statistics. In this thesis, we first introduce the general framework of such hybrid systems and, then, we unveil a series of mesoscopic phenomena that we discovered. Firstly, we show tunneling spectroscopy experiments on full-shell nanowires (NWs) showing that unwanted quantum-dot states coupled to superconductors (Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states) can mimic MZMs signatures. Then, we introduce a novel protocol which allowed the integration of tunneling spectroscopy with Coulomb spectroscopy within the same device. Employing this approach on both full-shell NWs and partial-shell NWs, we demonstrated that longitudinally confined states reveal charge transport phenomenology similar to the one expected for MZMs. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between superconductivity and quantum confinement, which brought us to explore another material platform, i.e. a two-dimensional Germanium hole gas. After developing a robust way to induce superconductivity in such system, we showed how to engineer the proximity effect and we revealed a superconducting hard gap. Finally, we created a superconducting radio frequency driven ideal diode and a generator of non-sinusoidal current-phase relations. Our results open the path for the exploration of protected superconducting qubits and more complex hybrid devices in planar Germanium, like Kitaev chains and hybrid qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","file":[{"relation":"source_file","file_id":"14033","date_updated":"2023-08-11T10:01:34Z","date_created":"2023-08-11T09:27:39Z","checksum":"666ee31c7eade89679806287c062fa14","file_name":"PhD_thesis_Valentini_final.zip","access_level":"closed","file_size":56121429,"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","creator":"mvalenti"},{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":38199711,"creator":"mvalenti","file_name":"PhD_thesis_Valentini_final_validated.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","date_updated":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","checksum":"0992f2ebef152dee8e70055350ebbb55","relation":"main_file","file_id":"14035"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium","ddc":["530"],"status":"public","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"13286","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"21","date_published":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","page":"184","citation":{"ista":"Valentini M. 2023. Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"M. Valentini, “Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","apa":"Valentini, M. (2023). Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286","ama":"Valentini M. Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:13286","chicago":"Valentini, Marco. “Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286.","mla":"Valentini, Marco. Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:13286.","short":"M. Valentini, Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023."},"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","date_created":"2023-07-24T14:10:45Z","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:35:34Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"13312"},{"id":"12118","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"8910","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"12522","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"author":[{"id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Valentini, Marco"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","publication_status":"published","year":"2023","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663 - 337X"]},"month":"07","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:13286","project":[{"_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046"},{"name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)"}},{"file_date_updated":"2024-03-01T12:58:14Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2023","date_updated":"2024-03-01T15:25:17Z","date_created":"2023-08-08T15:33:29Z","author":[{"id":"480826C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Franschitz","first_name":"Anna","full_name":"Franschitz, Anna"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663 - 337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-034-3"]},"month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:13984","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Social insects fight disease using their individual immune systems and the cooperative\r\nsanitary behaviors of colony members. These social defenses are well explored against\r\nexternally-infecting pathogens, but little is known about defense strategies against\r\ninternally-infecting pathogens, such as viruses. Viruses are ubiquitous and in the last decades\r\nit has become evident that also many ant species harbor viruses. We present one of the first\r\nstudies addressing transmission dynamics and collective disease defenses against viruses in\r\nants on a mechanistic level. I successfully established an experimental ant host – viral\r\npathogen system as a model for the defense strategies used by social insects against internal\r\npathogen infections, as outlined in the third chapter. In particular, we studied how garden ants\r\n(Lasius neglectus) defend themselves and their colonies against the generalist insect virus\r\nCrPV (cricket paralysis virus). We chose microinjections of virus directly into the ants’\r\nhemolymph because it allowed us to use a defined exposure dose. Here we show that this is a\r\ngood model system, as the virus is replicating and thus infecting the host. The ants mount a\r\nclear individual immune response against the viral infection, which is characterized by a\r\nspecific siRNA pattern, namely siRNAs mapping against the viral genome with a peak of 21\r\nand 22 bp long fragments. The onset of this immune response is consistent with the timeline\r\nof viral replication that starts already within two days post injection. The disease manifests in\r\ndecreased survival over a course of two to three weeks.\r\nRegarding group living, we find that infected ants show a strong individual immune response,\r\nbut that their course of disease is little affected by nestmate presence, as described in chapter\r\nfour. Hence, we do not find social immunity in the context of viral infections in ants.\r\nNestmates, however, can contract the virus. Using Drosophila S2R+ cells in culture, we\r\nshowed that 94 % of the nestmates contract active virus within four days of social contact to\r\nan infected individual. Virus is transmitted in low doses, thus not causing disease\r\ntransmission within the colony. While virus can be transmitted during short direct contacts,\r\nwe also assume transmission from deceased ants and show that the nestmates’ immune\r\nsystem gets activated after contracting a low viral dose. We find considerable potential for\r\nindirect transmission via the nest space. Virus is shed to the nest, where it stays viable for one\r\nweek and is also picked up by other ants. Apart from that, we want to underline the potential\r\nof ant poison as antiviral agent. We determined that ant poison successfully inactivates CrPV\r\nin vitro. However, we found no evidence for effective poison use to sanitize the nest space.\r\nOn the other hand, local application of ant poison by oral poison uptake, which is part of the\r\nants prophylactic behavioral repertoire, probably contributes to keeping the gut of each\r\nindividual sanitized. We hypothesize that oral poison uptake might be the reason why we did\r\nnot find viable virus in the trophallactic fluid.\r\nThe fifth chapter encompasses preliminary data on potential social immunization. However,\r\nour experiments do not confirm an actual survival benefit for the nestmates upon pathogen\r\nchallenge under the given experimental settings. Nevertheless, we do not want to rule out the\r\npossibility for nestmate immunization, but rather emphasize that considering different\r\nexperimental timelines and viral doses would provide a multitude of options for follow-up\r\nexperiments.\r\nIn conclusion, we find that prophylactic individual behaviors, such as oral poison uptake,\r\nmight play a role in preventing viral disease transmission. Compared to colony defense\r\nagainst external pathogens, internal pathogen infections require a stronger component of\r\nindividual physiological immunity than behavioral social immunity, yet could still lead to\r\ncollective protection."}],"ddc":["570","577"],"title":"Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants","status":"public","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"13984","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"access_level":"closed","file_name":"Thesis_AnnaFranschitz_202308.pdf","embargo_to":"open_access","creator":"afransch","file_size":10797612,"content_type":"application/pdf","embargo":"2024-08-08","file_id":"13986","relation":"main_file","checksum":"27220243d5d51c3b0d7d61c0879d7a0c","date_created":"2023-08-08T18:01:28Z","date_updated":"2024-03-01T08:51:42Z"},{"file_size":2619085,"content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","creator":"afransch","file_name":"Thesis_AnnaFranschitz_202308.docx","access_level":"closed","date_updated":"2023-08-09T07:25:27Z","date_created":"2023-08-08T18:02:25Z","checksum":"40abf7ccca14a3893f72dc7fb88585d6","relation":"source_file","file_id":"13987"},{"access_level":"closed","embargo_to":"open_access","file_name":"Addendum_AnnaFranschitz202402.pdf","description":"Minor modifications and clarifications - Feb 2024","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":85956,"creator":"cchlebak","relation":"erratum","file_id":"15042","embargo":"2024-08-08","title":"Addendum","checksum":"8b991ecc2d59d045cc3cf0d676785ec7","date_updated":"2024-03-01T12:13:29Z","date_created":"2024-03-01T08:37:15Z"},{"creator":"cchlebak","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_size":11818,"file_name":"Addendum_AnnaFranschitz202402.docx","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2024-03-01T08:39:20Z","date_updated":"2024-03-01T08:51:42Z","checksum":"66745aa01f960f17472c024875c049ed","file_id":"15043","title":"Addendum - source file","relation":"source_file"},{"description":"For printing purposes","file_name":"Print_Version_Franschitz_Anna_Thesis.pdf","access_level":"closed","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":10416761,"creator":"cchlebak","relation":"other","file_id":"15044","title":"Print Version","date_updated":"2024-03-01T12:58:14Z","date_created":"2024-03-01T08:56:06Z","checksum":"55c876b73d49db15228a7f571592ec77"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"08","page":"89","citation":{"short":"A. Franschitz, Individual and Social Immunity against Viral Infections in Ants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Franschitz, Anna. Individual and Social Immunity against Viral Infections in Ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:13984.","chicago":"Franschitz, Anna. “Individual and Social Immunity against Viral Infections in Ants.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984.","ama":"Franschitz A. Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:13984","ieee":"A. Franschitz, “Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","apa":"Franschitz, A. (2023). Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13984","ista":"Franschitz A. 2023. Individual and social immunity against viral infections in ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"date_published":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z"},{"_id":"14323","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","title":"Regulation of neural progenitor survival by Shh and BMP in the developing spinal cord","file":[{"creator":"kkuzmicz","file_size":10147911,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"PhDThesis_KK_final_pdfA.pdf","embargo_to":"open_access","access_level":"closed","date_updated":"2023-09-13T10:08:25Z","date_created":"2023-09-13T09:52:52Z","checksum":"bd83596869c814b24aeff7077d031c0e","file_id":"14324","embargo":"2025-03-13","relation":"main_file"},{"file_id":"14325","relation":"source_file","date_updated":"2023-09-13T09:53:29Z","date_created":"2023-09-13T09:53:29Z","checksum":"aa2757ae4c3478041fd7e62c587d3e4d","file_name":"thesis_KK_final_corrections_092023.docx","access_level":"closed","creator":"kkuzmicz","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_size":103980668}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"abstract":[{"text":"Morphogens are signaling molecules that are known for their prominent role in pattern formation within developing tissues. In addition to patterning, morphogens also control tissue growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the role of morphogens in regulating tissue growth in the developing vertebrate neural tube. In this system, opposing morphogen gradients of Shh and BMP establish the dorsoventral pattern of neural progenitor domains. Perturbations in these morphogen pathways result in alterations in tissue growth and cell cycle progression, however, it has been unclear what cellular process is affected. To address this, we analysed the rates of cell proliferation and cell death in mouse mutants in which signaling is perturbed, as well as in chick neural plate explants exposed to defined concentrations of signaling activators or inhibitors. Our results indicated that the rate of cell proliferation was not altered in these assays. By contrast, both the Shh and BMP signaling pathways had profound effects on neural progenitor survival. Our results indicate that these pathways synergise to promote cell survival within neural progenitors. Consistent with this, we found that progenitors within the intermediate region of the neural tube, where the combined levels of Shh and BMP are the lowest, are most prone to cell death when signaling activity is inhibited. In addition, we found that downregulation of Shh results in increased apoptosis within the roof plate, which is the dorsal source of BMP ligand production. This revealed a cross-interaction between the Shh and BMP morphogen signaling pathways that may be relevant for understanding how gradients scale in neural tubes with different overall sizes. We further studied the mechanism acting downstream of Shh in cell survival regulation using genetic and genomic approaches. We propose that Shh transcriptionally regulates a non-canonical apoptotic pathway. Altogether, our study points to a novel role of opposing morphogen gradients in tissue size regulation and provides new insights into complex interactions between Shh and BMP signaling gradients in the neural tube.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Kuzmicz-Kowalska, Katarzyna. “Regulation of Neural Progenitor Survival by Shh and BMP in the Developing Spinal Cord.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14323.","short":"K. Kuzmicz-Kowalska, Regulation of Neural Progenitor Survival by Shh and BMP in the Developing Spinal Cord, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Kuzmicz-Kowalska, Katarzyna. Regulation of Neural Progenitor Survival by Shh and BMP in the Developing Spinal Cord. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:14323.","apa":"Kuzmicz-Kowalska, K. (2023). Regulation of neural progenitor survival by Shh and BMP in the developing spinal cord. 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