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Evolutionary pathways are neither directed nor deterministic, but rather an interplay between selection, migration, mutation, genetic drift and other environmental factors. Hybrid zones, as natural crossing experiments, offer a great opportunity to use cline analysis to deduce different evolutionary processes - for example, selection strength. Theoretical cline models, largely assuming uniform distribution of individuals, often lack the capability of incorporating population structure. Since in reality organisms mostly live in patchy distributions and their dispersal is hardly ever Gaussian, it is necessary to unravel the effect of these different elements of population structure on cline parameters and shape. In this thesis, I develop a simulation inspired by the A. majus hybrid zone of a single selected locus under frequency dependent selection. This simulation enables us to untangle the effects of different elements of population structure as for example a low-density center and long-range dispersal. This thesis is therefore a first step towards theoretically untangling the effects of different elements of population structure on cline parameters and shape. "}],"status":"public","ddc":["576"],"title":"The effect of local population structure on genetic variation at selected loci in the A. majus hybrid zone","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"12800","file":[{"creator":"mjulseth","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","file_size":52795,"access_level":"closed","file_name":"Dispersaldata.xlsx","embargo_to":"open_access","checksum":"b76cf6d69f2093d8248f6a3f9d4654a4","date_created":"2023-04-06T06:09:40Z","date_updated":"2023-06-02T22:30:04Z","file_id":"12805","relation":"supplementary_material"},{"checksum":"5a13b6d204371572e249f03795bc0d04","date_updated":"2023-06-02T22:30:04Z","date_created":"2023-04-06T06:11:27Z","embargo":"2023-06-01","file_id":"12806","relation":"supplementary_material","creator":"mjulseth","content_type":"application/vnd.wolfram.nb","file_size":787239,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_MSc_ThesisMaraJulseth_Notebook.nb"},{"file_size":1061763,"content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","creator":"mjulseth","access_level":"closed","embargo_to":"open_access","file_name":"ThesisMaraJulseth_04_23.docx","checksum":"c3ec842839ed1e66bf2618ae33047df8","date_updated":"2023-06-02T22:30:04Z","date_created":"2023-04-06T08:26:12Z","relation":"source_file","file_id":"12812"},{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"ThesisMaraJulseth_04_23.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1741364,"creator":"mjulseth","relation":"main_file","file_id":"12813","embargo":"2023-06-01","checksum":"3132cc998fbe3ae2a3a83c2a69367f37","date_created":"2023-04-06T08:26:37Z","date_updated":"2023-06-02T22:30:04Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"05","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"21","citation":{"mla":"Julseth, Mara. The Effect of Local Population Structure on Genetic Variation at Selected Loci in the A. Majus Hybrid Zone. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:12800.","short":"M. Julseth, The Effect of Local Population Structure on Genetic Variation at Selected Loci in the A. Majus Hybrid Zone, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Julseth, Mara. “The Effect of Local Population Structure on Genetic Variation at Selected Loci in the A. Majus Hybrid Zone.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12800.","ama":"Julseth M. The effect of local population structure on genetic variation at selected loci in the A. majus hybrid zone. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12800","ista":"Julseth M. 2023. The effect of local population structure on genetic variation at selected loci in the A. majus hybrid zone. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"M. Julseth, “The effect of local population structure on genetic variation at selected loci in the A. majus hybrid zone,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","apa":"Julseth, M. (2023). The effect of local population structure on genetic variation at selected loci in the A. majus hybrid zone. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12800"},"date_published":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z"},{"date_published":"2023-11-10T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Gnyliukh N. Mechanism of clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis in plants. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:14510","ieee":"N. Gnyliukh, “Mechanism of clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis in plants,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","apa":"Gnyliukh, N. (2023). Mechanism of clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis in plants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14510","ista":"Gnyliukh N. 2023. Mechanism of clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis in plants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","short":"N. Gnyliukh, Mechanism of Clathrin-Coated Vesicle Formation during Endocytosis in Plants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Gnyliukh, Nataliia. Mechanism of Clathrin-Coated Vesicle Formation during Endocytosis in Plants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:14510.","chicago":"Gnyliukh, Nataliia. “Mechanism of Clathrin-Coated Vesicle Formation during Endocytosis in Plants.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14510."},"page":"180","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"10","keyword":["Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis","vesicle scission","Dynamin-Related Protein 2","SH3P2","TPLATE complex","Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy","Arabidopsis thaliana"],"file":[{"creator":"ngnyliuk","file_size":20824903,"content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_name":"Thesis_Gnyliukh_final_08_11_23.docx","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2023-11-20T09:18:51Z","date_updated":"2023-11-20T09:18:51Z","checksum":"3d5e680bfc61f98e308c434f45cc9bd6","file_id":"14567","relation":"source_file"},{"file_name":"Thesis_Gnyliukh_final_20_11_23.pdf","embargo_to":"open_access","access_level":"closed","creator":"ngnyliuk","file_size":24871844,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"14568","embargo":"2024-11-23","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-11-20T09:23:11Z","date_updated":"2023-11-23T13:10:55Z","checksum":"bfc96d47fc4e7e857dd71656097214a4"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"14510","title":"Mechanism of clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis in plants","status":"public","ddc":["570"],"type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:14510","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Friml, Jiří","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml"},{"full_name":"Loose, Martin","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Loose"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"project":[{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-037-4"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"month":"11","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14591","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"9887"},{"id":"8139","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Gnyliukh, Nataliia","orcid":"0000-0002-2198-0509","id":"390C1120-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Gnyliukh","first_name":"Nataliia"}],"date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:46Z","date_created":"2023-11-10T09:10:06Z","year":"2023","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JiFr"},{"_id":"MaLo"}],"publication_status":"published","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-11-23T13:10:55Z"},{"month":"05","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-031-2"]},"project":[{"grant_number":"715767","_id":"24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and Modeling"}],"oa":1,"degree_awarded":"PhD","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Bickel, Bernd","orcid":"0000-0001-6511-9385","id":"49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Bickel","first_name":"Bernd"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12897","file_date_updated":"2023-12-08T23:30:04Z","ec_funded":1,"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeBi"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","year":"2023","date_created":"2023-05-05T10:40:14Z","date_updated":"2024-01-29T10:47:51Z","author":[{"full_name":"Hafner, Christian","last_name":"Hafner","first_name":"Christian","id":"400429CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9817","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"id":"7117","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"13188","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"day":"05","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"180","citation":{"short":"C. Hafner, Inverse Shape Design with Parametric Representations: Kirchhoff Rods and Parametric Surface Models, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Hafner, Christian. Inverse Shape Design with Parametric Representations: Kirchhoff Rods and Parametric Surface Models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:12897.","chicago":"Hafner, Christian. “Inverse Shape Design with Parametric Representations: Kirchhoff Rods and Parametric Surface Models.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12897.","ama":"Hafner C. Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff Rods and parametric surface models. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12897","apa":"Hafner, C. (2023). Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff Rods and parametric surface models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12897","ieee":"C. Hafner, “Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff Rods and parametric surface models,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","ista":"Hafner C. 2023. Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff Rods and parametric surface models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"date_published":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"text":"Inverse design problems in fabrication-aware shape optimization are typically solved on discrete representations such as polygonal meshes. This thesis argues that there are benefits to treating these problems in the same domain as human designers, namely, the parametric one. One reason is that discretizing a parametric model usually removes the capability of making further manual changes to the design, because the human intent is captured by the shape parameters. Beyond this, knowledge about a design problem can sometimes reveal a structure that is present in a smooth representation, but is fundamentally altered by discretizing. In this case, working in the parametric domain may even simplify the optimization task. We present two lines of research that explore both of these aspects of fabrication-aware shape optimization on parametric representations.\r\n\r\nThe first project studies the design of plane elastic curves and Kirchhoff rods, which are common mathematical models for describing the deformation of thin elastic rods such as beams, ribbons, cables, and hair. Our main contribution is a characterization of all curved shapes that can be attained by bending and twisting elastic rods having a stiffness that is allowed to vary across the length. Elements like these can be manufactured using digital fabrication devices such as 3d printers and digital cutters, and have applications in free-form architecture and soft robotics.\r\n\r\nWe show that the family of curved shapes that can be produced this way admits geometric description that is concise and computationally convenient. In the case of plane curves, the geometric description is intuitive enough to allow a designer to determine whether a curved shape is physically achievable by visual inspection alone. We also present shape optimization algorithms that convert a user-defined curve in the plane or in three dimensions into the geometry of an elastic rod that will naturally deform to follow this curve when its endpoints are attached to a support structure. Implemented in an interactive software design tool, the rod geometry is generated in real time as the user edits a curve and enables fast prototyping. \r\n\r\nThe second project tackles the problem of general-purpose shape optimization on CAD models using a novel variant of the extended finite element method (XFEM). Our goal is the decoupling between the simulation mesh and the CAD model, so no geometry-dependent meshing or remeshing needs to be performed when the CAD parameters change during optimization. This is achieved by discretizing the embedding space of the CAD model, and using a new high-accuracy numerical integration method to enable XFEM on free-form elements bounded by the parametric surface patches of the model. Our simulation is differentiable from the CAD parameters to the simulation output, which enables us to use off-the-shelf gradient-based optimization procedures. The result is a method that fits seamlessly into the CAD workflow because it works on the same representation as the designer, enabling the alternation of manual editing and fabrication-aware optimization at will.","lang":"eng"}],"ddc":["516","004","518","531"],"status":"public","title":"Inverse shape design with parametric representations: Kirchhoff Rods and parametric surface models","user_id":"400429CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"12897","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"embargo":"2023-12-07","file_id":"12942","relation":"main_file","checksum":"cc2094e92fa27000b70eb4bfb76d6b5a","date_updated":"2023-12-08T23:30:04Z","date_created":"2023-05-11T10:43:20Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"thesis-hafner-2023may11-a2b.pdf","creator":"chafner","file_size":50714445,"content_type":"application/pdf"},{"date_updated":"2023-12-08T23:30:04Z","date_created":"2023-05-11T10:43:44Z","checksum":"a6b51334be2b81672357b1549afab40c","file_id":"12943","relation":"source_file","creator":"chafner","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":265319,"file_name":"thesis-release-form.pdf","embargo_to":"open_access","access_level":"closed"}]},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"12072","status":"public","ddc":["512"],"title":"Existence and density problems in Diophantine geometry: From norm forms to Campana points","file":[{"date_created":"2022-09-08T21:50:34Z","date_updated":"2022-09-08T21:50:34Z","checksum":"bf073344320e05d92c224786cec2e92d","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"12073","file_size":1907386,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"ashute","file_name":"Thesis_final_draft.pdf","access_level":"open_access"},{"date_updated":"2022-09-12T11:24:21Z","date_created":"2022-09-08T21:50:42Z","checksum":"b054ac6baa09f70e8235403a4abbed80","file_id":"12074","relation":"source_file","creator":"ashute","content_type":"application/octet-stream","file_size":495393,"file_name":"athesis.tex","access_level":"closed"},{"file_id":"12078","relation":"source_file","checksum":"0a31e905f1cff5eb8110978cc90e1e79","date_created":"2022-09-09T12:05:00Z","date_updated":"2022-09-12T11:24:21Z","access_level":"closed","file_name":"qfcjsfmtvtbfrjjvhdzrnqxfvgjvxtbf.zip","creator":"ashute","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","file_size":944534}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"abstract":[{"text":"In this thesis, we study two of the most important questions in Arithmetic geometry: that of the existence and density of solutions to Diophantine equations. In order for a Diophantine equation to have any solutions over the rational numbers, it must have solutions everywhere locally, i.e., over R and over Qp for every prime p. The converse, called the Hasse principle, is known to fail in general. However, it is still a central question in Arithmetic geometry to determine for which varieties the Hasse principle does hold. In this work, we establish the Hasse principle for a wide new family of varieties of the form f(t) = NK/Q(x) ̸= 0, where f is a polynomial with integer coefficients and NK/Q denotes the norm\r\nform associated to a number field K. Our results cover products of arbitrarily many linear, quadratic or cubic factors, and generalise an argument of Irving [69], which makes use of the beta sieve of Rosser and Iwaniec. We also demonstrate how our main sieve results can be applied to treat new cases of a conjecture of Harpaz and Wittenberg on locally split values of polynomials over number fields, and discuss consequences for rational points in fibrations.\r\nIn the second question, about the density of solutions, one defines a height function and seeks to estimate asymptotically the number of points of height bounded by B as B → ∞. Traditionally, one either counts rational points, or\r\nintegral points with respect to a suitable model. However, in this thesis, we study an emerging area of interest in Arithmetic geometry known as Campana points, which in some sense interpolate between rational and integral points.\r\nMore precisely, we count the number of nonzero integers z1, z2, z3 such that gcd(z1, z2, z3) = 1, and z1, z2, z3, z1 + z2 + z3 are all squareful and bounded by B. Using the circle method, we obtain an asymptotic formula which agrees in\r\nthe power of B and log B with a bold new generalisation of Manin’s conjecture to the setting of Campana points, recently formulated by Pieropan, Smeets, Tanimoto and Várilly-Alvarado [96]. However, in this thesis we also provide the first known counterexamples to leading constant predicted by their conjecture. ","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Shute, Alec L. “Existence and Density Problems in Diophantine Geometry: From Norm Forms to Campana Points.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12072.","short":"A.L. Shute, Existence and Density Problems in Diophantine Geometry: From Norm Forms to Campana Points, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","mla":"Shute, Alec L. Existence and Density Problems in Diophantine Geometry: From Norm Forms to Campana Points. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:12072.","apa":"Shute, A. L. (2022). Existence and density problems in Diophantine geometry: From norm forms to Campana points. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12072","ieee":"A. L. Shute, “Existence and density problems in Diophantine geometry: From norm forms to Campana points,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","ista":"Shute AL. 2022. Existence and density problems in Diophantine geometry: From norm forms to Campana points. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Shute AL. Existence and density problems in Diophantine geometry: From norm forms to Campana points. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12072"},"page":"208","date_published":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"08","year":"2022","acknowledgement":"I acknowledge the received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"TiBr"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"12076"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"12077"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Shute, Alec L","id":"440EB050-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-1812-2810","first_name":"Alec L","last_name":"Shute"}],"date_created":"2022-09-08T21:53:03Z","date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:37:35Z","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2022-09-12T11:24:21Z","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)"},"project":[{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12072","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Browning","first_name":"Timothy D","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-023-7"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"month":"09"},{"abstract":[{"text":"In this dissertation we study coboundary expansion of simplicial complex with a view of giving geometric applications.\r\nOur main novel tool is an equivariant version of Gromov's celebrated Topological Overlap Theorem. The equivariant topological overlap theorem leads to various geometric applications including a quantitative non-embeddability result for sufficiently thick buildings (which partially resolves a conjecture of Tancer and Vorwerk) and an improved lower bound on the pair-crossing number of (bounded degree) expander graphs. Additionally, we will give new proofs for several known lower bounds for geometric problems such as the number of Tverberg partitions or the crossing number of complete bipartite graphs.\r\nFor the aforementioned applications one is naturally lead to study expansion properties of joins of simplicial complexes. In the presence of a special certificate for expansion (as it is the case, e.g., for spherical buildings), the join of two expanders is an expander. On the flip-side, we report quite some evidence that coboundary expansion exhibits very non-product-like behaviour under taking joins. For instance, we exhibit infinite families of graphs $(G_n)_{n\\in \\mathbb{N}}$ and $(H_n)_{n\\in\\mathbb{N}}$ whose join $G_n*H_n$ has expansion of lower order than the product of the expansion constant of the graphs. Moreover, we show an upper bound of $(d+1)/2^d$ on the normalized coboundary expansion constants for the complete multipartite complex $[n]^{*(d+1)}$ (under a mild divisibility condition on $n$).\r\nVia the probabilistic method the latter result extends to an upper bound of $(d+1)/2^d+\\varepsilon$ on the coboundary expansion constant of the spherical building associated with $\\mathrm{PGL}_{d+2}(\\mathbb{F}_q)$ for any $\\varepsilon>0$ and sufficiently large $q=q(\\varepsilon)$. This disproves a conjecture of Lubotzky, Meshulam and Mozes -- in a rather strong sense.\r\nBy improving on existing lower bounds we make further progress towards closing the gap between the known lower and upper bounds on the coboundary expansion constants of $[n]^{*(d+1)}$. The best improvements we achieve using computer-aided proofs and flag algebras. The exact value even for the complete $3$-partite $2$-dimensional complex $[n]^{*3}$ remains unknown but we are happy to conjecture a precise value for every $n$. %Moreover, we show that a previously shown lower bound on the expansion constant of the spherical building associated with $\\mathrm{PGL}_{2}(\\mathbb{F}_q)$ is not tight.\r\nIn a loosely structured, last chapter of this thesis we collect further smaller observations related to expansion. We point out a link between discrete Morse theory and a technique for showing coboundary expansion, elaborate a bit on the hardness of computing coboundary expansion constants, propose a new criterion for coboundary expansion (in a very dense setting) and give one way of making the folklore result that expansion of links is a necessary condition for a simplicial complex to be an expander precise.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"file":[{"date_updated":"2022-08-10T15:34:04Z","date_created":"2022-08-10T15:34:04Z","checksum":"f5f3af1fb7c8a24b71ddc88ad7f7c5b4","file_id":"11780","relation":"supplementary_material","creator":"pwild","content_type":"text/x-python","file_size":16828,"file_name":"flags.py","description":"Code for computer-assisted proofs in Section 8.4.7 in Thesis","access_level":"open_access"},{"date_updated":"2022-08-10T15:34:10Z","date_created":"2022-08-10T15:34:10Z","checksum":"1f7c12dfe3bdaa9b147e4fbc3d34e3d5","relation":"supplementary_material","file_id":"11781","file_size":12226,"content_type":"text/x-c++src","creator":"pwild","file_name":"lowerbound.cpp","description":"Code for proof of Lemma 8.20 in Thesis","access_level":"open_access"},{"relation":"supplementary_material","file_id":"11782","checksum":"4cf81455c49e5dec3b9b2e3980137eeb","date_created":"2022-08-10T15:34:17Z","date_updated":"2022-08-10T15:34:17Z","access_level":"open_access","description":"Code for proof of Proposition 7.9 in Thesis","file_name":"upperbound.py","content_type":"text/x-python","file_size":3240,"creator":"pwild"},{"file_size":5086282,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"pwild","file_name":"finalthesisPascalWildPDFA.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2022-08-11T16:08:33Z","date_created":"2022-08-11T16:08:33Z","checksum":"4e96575b10cbe4e0d0db2045b2847774","relation":"main_file","title":"High-Dimensional Expansion and Crossing Numbers of Simplicial Complexes","file_id":"11809"},{"file_name":"ThesisSubmission.zip","access_level":"closed","content_type":"application/zip","file_size":18150068,"creator":"pwild","relation":"source_file","file_id":"11810","date_updated":"2022-08-11T16:09:19Z","date_created":"2022-08-11T16:09:19Z","checksum":"92d94842a1fb6dca5808448137573b2e"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"11777","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","title":"High-dimensional expansion and crossing numbers of simplicial complexes","status":"public","ddc":["500","516","514"],"day":"11","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","date_published":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Wild P. High-dimensional expansion and crossing numbers of simplicial complexes. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:11777","ista":"Wild P. 2022. High-dimensional expansion and crossing numbers of simplicial complexes. Institute of Science and Technology.","apa":"Wild, P. (2022). High-dimensional expansion and crossing numbers of simplicial complexes. Institute of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11777","ieee":"P. Wild, “High-dimensional expansion and crossing numbers of simplicial complexes,” Institute of Science and Technology, 2022.","mla":"Wild, Pascal. High-Dimensional Expansion and Crossing Numbers of Simplicial Complexes. Institute of Science and Technology, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:11777.","short":"P. Wild, High-Dimensional Expansion and Crossing Numbers of Simplicial Complexes, Institute of Science and Technology, 2022.","chicago":"Wild, Pascal. “High-Dimensional Expansion and Crossing Numbers of Simplicial Complexes.” Institute of Science and Technology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11777."},"page":"170","file_date_updated":"2022-08-11T16:09:19Z","ec_funded":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Wild, Pascal","first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Wild","id":"4C20D868-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_created":"2022-08-10T15:51:19Z","date_updated":"2023-06-22T09:56:36Z","year":"2022","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"UlWa"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology","month":"08","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-021-3"]},"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:11777","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Wagner","first_name":"Uli","orcid":"0000-0002-1494-0568","id":"36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wagner, Uli"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"project":[{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program"}]},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-016-9"]},"month":"04","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:11128","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","file_date_updated":"2022-04-07T08:11:51Z","year":"2022","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"2DFDEC72-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Lenka","last_name":"Matejovicova","full_name":"Matejovicova, Lenka"}],"date_created":"2022-04-07T08:19:54Z","date_updated":"2023-06-23T06:26:41Z","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"06","citation":{"ista":"Matejovicova L. 2022. Genetic basis of flower colour as a model for adaptive evolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"L. Matejovicova, “Genetic basis of flower colour as a model for adaptive evolution,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","apa":"Matejovicova, L. (2022). Genetic basis of flower colour as a model for adaptive evolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11128","ama":"Matejovicova L. Genetic basis of flower colour as a model for adaptive evolution. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:11128","chicago":"Matejovicova, Lenka. “Genetic Basis of Flower Colour as a Model for Adaptive Evolution.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11128.","mla":"Matejovicova, Lenka. Genetic Basis of Flower Colour as a Model for Adaptive Evolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:11128.","short":"L. Matejovicova, Genetic Basis of Flower Colour as a Model for Adaptive Evolution, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022."},"page":"112","date_published":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"abstract":[{"text":"Although we often see studies focusing on simple or even discrete traits in studies of colouration,\r\nthe variation of “appearance” phenotypes found in nature is often more complex, continuous\r\nand high-dimensional. Therefore, we developed automated methods suitable for large datasets\r\nof genomes and images, striving to account for their complex nature, while minimising human\r\nbias. We used these methods on a dataset of more than 20, 000 plant SNP genomes and\r\ncorresponding fower images from a hybrid zone of two subspecies of Antirrhinum majus with\r\ndistinctly coloured fowers to improve our understanding of the genetic nature of the fower\r\ncolour in our study system.\r\nFirstly, we use the advantage of large numbers of genotyped plants to estimate the haplotypes in\r\nthe main fower colour regulating region. We study colour- and geography-related characteristics\r\nof the estimated haplotypes and how they connect to their relatedness. We show discrepancies\r\nfrom the expected fower colour distributions given the genotype and identify particular\r\nhaplotypes leading to unexpected phenotypes. We also confrm a signifcant defcit of the\r\ndouble recessive recombinant and quite surprisingly, we show that haplotypes of the most\r\nfrequent parental type are much less variable than others.\r\nSecondly, we introduce our pipeline capable of processing tens of thousands of full fower\r\nimages without human interaction and summarising each image into a set of informative scores.\r\nWe show the compatibility of these machine-measured fower colour scores with the previously\r\nused manual scores and study impact of external efect on the resulting scores. Finally, we use\r\nthe machine-measured fower colour scores to ft and examine a phenotype cline across the\r\nhybrid zone in Planoles using full fower images as opposed to discrete, manual scores and\r\ncompare it with the genotypic cline.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"11128","ddc":["576","582"],"title":"Genetic basis of flower colour as a model for adaptive evolution","status":"public","file":[{"checksum":"e9609bc4e8f8e20146fc1125fd4f1bf7","date_created":"2022-04-07T08:11:34Z","date_updated":"2022-04-07T08:11:34Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"11129","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":11906472,"creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"LenkaPhD_Official_PDFA.pdf"},{"checksum":"99d67040432fd07a225643a212ee8588","date_updated":"2022-04-07T08:11:51Z","date_created":"2022-04-07T08:11:51Z","file_id":"11130","relation":"source_file","creator":"cchlebak","file_size":23036766,"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","access_level":"closed","file_name":"LenkaPhD Official_source.zip"}],"oa_version":"Published Version"},{"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"11995"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Schulz, Rouven","first_name":"Rouven","last_name":"Schulz","id":"4C5E7B96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5297-733X"}],"date_created":"2022-08-23T11:33:11Z","date_updated":"2023-08-03T13:02:26Z","year":"2022","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"SaSi"}],"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2022-08-25T09:33:31Z","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:11945","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Siegert"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"project":[{"_id":"267F75D8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Modulating microglia through G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"month":"08","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"Thesis_Rouven_Schulz_2022_final.pdf","creator":"rschulz","file_size":28079331,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"11970","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"61b1b666a210ff7cdd0e95ea75207a13","date_created":"2022-08-25T08:59:57Z","date_updated":"2022-08-25T08:59:57Z"},{"file_id":"11971","relation":"source_file","checksum":"2b8f95ea1c134dbdb927b41b1dbeeeb5","date_created":"2022-08-25T09:00:11Z","date_updated":"2022-08-25T09:33:31Z","access_level":"closed","file_name":"Thesis_Rouven_Schulz_2022_final.docx","creator":"rschulz","file_size":27226963,"content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"11945","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","status":"public","ddc":["570"],"title":"Chimeric G protein-coupled receptors mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia function","abstract":[{"text":"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to specific ligands and regulate multiple processes ranging from cell growth and immune responses to neuronal signal transmission. However, ligands for many GPCRs remain unknown, suffer from off-target effects or have poor bioavailability. Additional challenges exist to dissect cell-type specific responses when the same GPCR is expressed on several cell types within the body. Here, we overcome these limitations by engineering DREADD-based GPCR chimeras that selectively bind their agonist clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) and mimic a GPCR-of-interest in a desired cell type.\r\nWe validated our approach with β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR/ADRB2) and show that our chimeric DREADD-β2AR triggers comparable responses on second messenger and kinase activity, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Since β2AR is also enriched in microglia, which can drive inflammation in the central nervous system, we expressed chimeric DREADD-β2AR in primary microglia and successfully recapitulate β2AR-mediated filopodia formation through CNO stimulation. To dissect the role of selected GPCRs during microglial inflammation, we additionally generated DREADD-based chimeras for microglia-enriched GPR65 and GPR109A/HCAR2. In a microglia cell line, DREADD-β2AR and DREADD-GPR65 both modulated the inflammatory response with a similar profile as endogenously expressed β2AR, while DREADD-GPR109A showed no impact.\r\nOur DREADD-based approach provides the means to obtain mechanistic and functional insights into GPCR signaling on a cell-type specific level.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"date_published":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ista":"Schulz R. 2022. Chimeric G protein-coupled receptors mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia function. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"R. Schulz, “Chimeric G protein-coupled receptors mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia function,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","apa":"Schulz, R. (2022). Chimeric G protein-coupled receptors mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia function. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11945","ama":"Schulz R. Chimeric G protein-coupled receptors mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia function. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:11945","chicago":"Schulz, Rouven. “Chimeric G Protein-Coupled Receptors Mimic Distinct Signaling Pathways and Modulate Microglia Function.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11945.","mla":"Schulz, Rouven. Chimeric G Protein-Coupled Receptors Mimic Distinct Signaling Pathways and Modulate Microglia Function. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:11945.","short":"R. Schulz, Chimeric G Protein-Coupled Receptors Mimic Distinct Signaling Pathways and Modulate Microglia Function, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022."},"page":"133","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"23"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"month":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"id":"4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6781-0521","first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Seiringer","full_name":"Seiringer, Robert"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12390","project":[{"name":"Analysis of quantum many-body systems","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25C6DC12-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"694227"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)"},"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-01-26T10:02:42Z","date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:32:09Z","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:00:42Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9005","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Brooks, Morris","first_name":"Morris","last_name":"Brooks","id":"B7ECF9FC-AA38-11E9-AC9A-0930E6697425","orcid":"0000-0002-6249-0928"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"RoSe"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2022","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"15","date_published":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","page":"196","citation":{"ama":"Brooks M. Translation-invariant quantum systems with effectively broken symmetry. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12390","ista":"Brooks M. 2022. Translation-invariant quantum systems with effectively broken symmetry. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Brooks, M. (2022). Translation-invariant quantum systems with effectively broken symmetry. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12390","ieee":"M. Brooks, “Translation-invariant quantum systems with effectively broken symmetry,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","mla":"Brooks, Morris. Translation-Invariant Quantum Systems with Effectively Broken Symmetry. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:12390.","short":"M. Brooks, Translation-Invariant Quantum Systems with Effectively Broken Symmetry, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","chicago":"Brooks, Morris. “Translation-Invariant Quantum Systems with Effectively Broken Symmetry.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12390."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The scope of this thesis is to study quantum systems exhibiting a continuous symmetry that\r\nis broken on the level of the corresponding effective theory. In particular we are going to\r\ninvestigate translation-invariant Bose gases in the mean field limit, effectively described by\r\nthe Hartree functional, and the Fröhlich Polaron in the regime of strong coupling, effectively\r\ndescribed by the Pekar functional. The latter is a model describing the interaction between a\r\ncharged particle and the optical modes of a polar crystal. Regarding the former, we assume in\r\naddition that the particles in the gas are unconfined, and typically we will consider particles\r\nthat are subject to an attractive interaction. In both cases the ground state energy of the\r\nHamiltonian is not a proper eigenvalue due to the underlying translation-invariance, while on\r\nthe contrary there exists a whole invariant orbit of minimizers for the corresponding effective\r\nfunctionals. Both, the absence of proper eigenstates and the broken symmetry of the effective\r\ntheory, make the study significantly more involved and it is the content of this thesis to\r\ndevelop a frameworks which allows for a systematic way to circumvent these issues.\r\nIt is a well-established result that the ground state energy of Bose gases in the mean field limit,\r\nas well as the ground state energy of the Fröhlich Polaron in the regime of strong coupling, is\r\nto leading order given by the minimal energy of the corresponding effective theory. As part\r\nof this thesis we identify the sub-leading term in the expansion of the ground state energy,\r\nwhich can be interpreted as the quantum correction to the classical energy, since the effective\r\ntheories under consideration can be seen as classical counterparts.\r\nWe are further going to establish an asymptotic expression for the energy-momentum relation\r\nof the Fröhlich Polaron in the strong coupling limit. In the regime of suitably small momenta,\r\nthis asymptotic expression agrees with the energy-momentum relation of a free particle having\r\nan effectively increased mass, and we find that this effectively increased mass agrees with the\r\nconjectured value in the physics literature.\r\nIn addition we will discuss two unrelated papers written by the author during his stay at ISTA\r\nin the appendix. The first one concerns the realization of anyons, which are quasi-particles\r\nacquiring a non-trivial phase under the exchange of two particles, as molecular impurities.\r\nThe second one provides a classification of those vector fields defined on a given manifold\r\nthat can be written as the gradient of a given functional with respect to a suitable metric,\r\nprovided that some mild smoothness assumptions hold. This classification is subsequently\r\nused to identify those quantum Markov semigroups that can be written as a gradient flow of\r\nthe relative entropy.\r\n"}],"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","file":[{"file_name":"Brooks_Thesis.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"cchlebak","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3095225,"file_id":"12391","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2023-01-26T10:02:34Z","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:02:34Z","success":1,"checksum":"b31460e937f33b557abb40ebef02b567"},{"file_size":809842,"content_type":"application/octet-stream","creator":"cchlebak","file_name":"Brooks_Thesis.tex","access_level":"closed","date_updated":"2023-01-26T10:02:42Z","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:02:42Z","checksum":"9751869fa5e7981588ad4228f4fd4bd6","relation":"source_file","file_id":"12392"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","ddc":["500"],"title":"Translation-invariant quantum systems with effectively broken symmetry","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"12390"},{"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"text":"Metazoan development relies on the formation and remodeling of cell-cell contacts. The \r\nbinding of adhesion receptors and remodeling of the actomyosin cell cortex at cell-cell \r\ninteraction sites have been implicated in cell-cell contact formation. Yet, how these two \r\nprocesses functionally interact to drive cell-cell contact expansion and strengthening \r\nremains unclear. Here, we study how primary germ layer progenitor cells from zebrafish \r\nbind to supported lipid bilayers (SLB) functionalized with E-cadherin ectodomains as an \r\nassay system for monitoring cell-cell contact formation at high spatiotemporal resolution. \r\nWe show that cell-cell contact formation represents a two-tiered process: E-cadherin\u0002mediated downregulation of the small GTPase RhoA at the forming contact leads to both \r\ndepletion of Myosin-2 and decrease of F-actin. This is followed by centrifugal actin \r\nnetwork flows at the contact triggered by a sharp gradient of Myosin-2 at the rim of the \r\ncontact zone, with Myosin-2 displaying higher cortical localization outside than inside of \r\nthe contact. These centrifugal cortical actin flows, in turn, not only further dilute the actin \r\nnetwork at the contact disc, but also lead to an accumulation of both F-actin and E\u0002cadherin at the contact rim. Eventually, this combination of actomyosin downregulation \r\nand flows at the contact contribute to the characteristic molecular organization implicated \r\nin contact formation and maintenance: depletion of cortical actomyosin at the contact disc, \r\ndriving contact expansion by lowering interfacial tension at the contact, and accumulation \r\nof both E-cadherin and F-actin at the contact rim, mechanically linking the contractile \r\ncortices of the adhering cells. Thus, using a biomimetic assay, we exemplify how \r\nadhesion signaling and cell mechanics function together to modulate the spatial \r\norganization of cell-cell contacts.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Remodeling of E-cadherin-mediated contacts via cortical flows","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"12368","file":[{"file_name":"THESIS_FINAL_FArslan_pdfa.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"cchlebak","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":14581024,"file_id":"12369","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-01-25T10:52:46Z","date_updated":"2023-01-25T10:52:46Z","success":1,"checksum":"e54a3e69b83ebf166544164afd25608e"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"29","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","page":"113","citation":{"chicago":"Arslan, Feyza N. “Remodeling of E-Cadherin-Mediated Contacts via Cortical Flows.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12153.","short":"F.N. Arslan, Remodeling of E-Cadherin-Mediated Contacts via Cortical Flows, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","mla":"Arslan, Feyza N. Remodeling of E-Cadherin-Mediated Contacts via Cortical Flows. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:12153.","apa":"Arslan, F. N. (2022). Remodeling of E-cadherin-mediated contacts via cortical flows. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12153","ieee":"F. N. Arslan, “Remodeling of E-cadherin-mediated contacts via cortical flows,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","ista":"Arslan FN. 2022. Remodeling of E-cadherin-mediated contacts via cortical flows. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Arslan FN. Remodeling of E-cadherin-mediated contacts via cortical flows. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12153"},"date_published":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2023-01-25T10:52:46Z","ec_funded":1,"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"CaHe"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","year":"2022","date_updated":"2023-08-08T13:14:10Z","date_created":"2023-01-25T10:43:24Z","author":[{"full_name":"Arslan, Feyza N","last_name":"Arslan","first_name":"Feyza N","orcid":"0000-0001-5809-9566","id":"49DA7910-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"9350"}]},"month":"09","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":[" 978-3-99078-025-1 "]},"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in vertebrate gastrulation","grant_number":"742573","_id":"260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"supervisor":[{"last_name":"Heisenberg","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12153"},{"file_date_updated":"2022-05-17T15:19:39Z","ec_funded":1,"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"year":"2022","date_updated":"2023-08-17T06:58:38Z","date_created":"2022-05-12T07:14:01Z","author":[{"full_name":"Lechner, Mathias","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Lechner","first_name":"Mathias"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"10665"},{"id":"10667","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"11366"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"7808"},{"id":"10666","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"month":"05","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-017-6"]},"project":[{"name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","grant_number":"101020093"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY-ND (4.0)","image":"/image/cc_by_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"oa":1,"degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:11362","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Deep learning has enabled breakthroughs in challenging computing problems and has emerged as the standard problem-solving tool for computer vision and natural language processing tasks.\r\nOne exception to this trend is safety-critical tasks where robustness and resilience requirements contradict the black-box nature of neural networks. \r\nTo deploy deep learning methods for these tasks, it is vital to provide guarantees on neural network agents' safety and robustness criteria. \r\nThis can be achieved by developing formal verification methods to verify the safety and robustness properties of neural networks.\r\n\r\nOur goal is to design, develop and assess safety verification methods for neural networks to improve their reliability and trustworthiness in real-world applications.\r\nThis thesis establishes techniques for the verification of compressed and adversarially trained models as well as the design of novel neural networks for verifiably safe decision-making.\r\n\r\nFirst, we establish the problem of verifying quantized neural networks. Quantization is a technique that trades numerical precision for the computational efficiency of running a neural network and is widely adopted in industry.\r\nWe show that neglecting the reduced precision when verifying a neural network can lead to wrong conclusions about the robustness and safety of the network, highlighting that novel techniques for quantized network verification are necessary. We introduce several bit-exact verification methods explicitly designed for quantized neural networks and experimentally confirm on realistic networks that the network's robustness and other formal properties are affected by the quantization.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, we perform a case study providing evidence that adversarial training, a standard technique for making neural networks more robust, has detrimental effects on the network's performance. This robustness-accuracy tradeoff has been studied before regarding the accuracy obtained on classification datasets where each data point is independent of all other data points. On the other hand, we investigate the tradeoff empirically in robot learning settings where a both, a high accuracy and a high robustness, are desirable.\r\nOur results suggest that the negative side-effects of adversarial training outweigh its robustness benefits in practice.\r\n\r\nFinally, we consider the problem of verifying safety when running a Bayesian neural network policy in a feedback loop with systems over the infinite time horizon. Bayesian neural networks are probabilistic models for learning uncertainties in the data and are therefore often used on robotic and healthcare applications where data is inherently stochastic.\r\nWe introduce a method for recalibrating Bayesian neural networks so that they yield probability distributions over safe decisions only.\r\nOur method learns a safety certificate that guarantees safety over the infinite time horizon to determine which decisions are safe in every possible state of the system.\r\nWe demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a series of reinforcement learning benchmarks."}],"title":"Learning verifiable representations","ddc":["004"],"status":"public","_id":"11362","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","file":[{"content_type":"application/zip","file_size":13210143,"creator":"mlechner","file_name":"src.zip","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2022-05-13T12:33:26Z","date_updated":"2022-05-13T12:49:00Z","checksum":"8eefa9c7c10ca7e1a2ccdd731962a645","relation":"source_file","file_id":"11378"},{"date_created":"2022-05-16T08:02:28Z","date_updated":"2022-05-17T15:19:39Z","checksum":"1b9e1e5a9a83ed9d89dad2f5133dc026","file_id":"11382","relation":"main_file","creator":"mlechner","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2732536,"file_name":"thesis_main-a2.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["neural networks","verification","machine learning"],"day":"12","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"124","citation":{"ista":"Lechner M. 2022. Learning verifiable representations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Lechner, M. (2022). Learning verifiable representations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11362","ieee":"M. Lechner, “Learning verifiable representations,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","ama":"Lechner M. Learning verifiable representations. 2022. doi:10.15479/at:ista:11362","chicago":"Lechner, Mathias. “Learning Verifiable Representations.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:11362.","mla":"Lechner, Mathias. Learning Verifiable Representations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:10.15479/at:ista:11362.","short":"M. Lechner, Learning Verifiable Representations, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022."},"date_published":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z"}]