---
_id: '6546'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Invasive migration plays a crucial role not only during development and homeostasis
but also in pathological states, such as tumor metastasis. Drosophila macrophage
migration into the extended germband is an interesting system to study invasive
migration. It carries similarities to immune cell transmigration and cancer cell
invasion, therefore studying this process could also bring new understanding of
invasion in higher organisms. In our work, we uncover a highly conserved member
of the major facilitator family that plays a role in tissue invasion through regulation
of glycosylation on a subgroup of proteins and/or by aiding the precise timing
of DN-Cadherin downregulation. \r\n\r\nAberrant display of the truncated core1
O-glycan T-antigen is a common feature of human cancer cells that correlates with
metastasis. Here we show that T-antigen in Drosophila melanogaster macrophages
is involved in their developmentally programmed tissue invasion. Higher macrophage
T-antigen levels require an atypical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) member
that we named Minerva which enables macrophage dissemination and invasion. We
characterize for the first time the T and Tn glycoform O-glycoproteome of the
Drosophila melanogaster embryo, and determine that Minerva increases the presence
of T-antigen on proteins in pathways previously linked to cancer, most strongly
on the sulfhydryl oxidase Qsox1 which we show is required for macrophage tissue
entry. Minerva’s vertebrate ortholog, MFSD1, rescues the minerva mutant’s migration
and T-antigen glycosylation defects. We thus identify \r\na key conserved regulator
that orchestrates O-glycosylation on a protein subset to activate \r\na program
governing migration steps important for both development and cancer metastasis.
\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Katarina
full_name: Valosková, Katarina
id: 46F146FC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Valosková
citation:
ama: Valosková K. The role of a highly conserved major facilitator superfamily member
in Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration. 2019. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6546
apa: Valosková, K. (2019). The role of a highly conserved major facilitator superfamily
member in Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6546
chicago: Valosková, Katarina. “The Role of a Highly Conserved Major Facilitator
Superfamily Member in Drosophila Embryonic Macrophage Migration.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6546.
ieee: K. Valosková, “The role of a highly conserved major facilitator superfamily
member in Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration,” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2019.
ista: Valosková K. 2019. The role of a highly conserved major facilitator superfamily
member in Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Valosková, Katarina. The Role of a Highly Conserved Major Facilitator Superfamily
Member in Drosophila Embryonic Macrophage Migration. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6546.
short: K. Valosková, The Role of a Highly Conserved Major Facilitator Superfamily
Member in Drosophila Embryonic Macrophage Migration, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2019.
date_created: 2019-06-07T12:49:19Z
date_published: 2019-06-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-19T10:15:54Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: DaSi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:6546
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 68949c2d96210b45b981a23e9c9cd93c
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: khribikova
date_created: 2019-06-07T13:00:04Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:33Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6549'
file_name: Katarina Valoskova_PhD thesis_final version.docx
file_size: 14110626
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 555329cd76e196c96f5278c480ee2e6e
content_type: application/pdf
creator: khribikova
date_created: 2019-06-07T13:00:08Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:14Z
embargo: 2020-06-07
file_id: '6550'
file_name: Katarina Valoskova_PhD thesis_final version.pdf
file_size: 10054156
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '141'
project:
- _id: 253CDE40-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '24283'
name: Examination of the role of a MFS transporter in the migration of Drosophila
immune cells
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '6187'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '544'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Daria E
full_name: Siekhaus, Daria E
id: 3D224B9E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Siekhaus
orcid: 0000-0001-8323-8353
title: The role of a highly conserved major facilitator superfamily member in Drosophila
embryonic macrophage migration
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '6363'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Distinguishing between similar experiences is achieved by the brain
\ in a process called pattern separation. In the hippocampus, pattern
\ separation reduces the interference of memories and increases the storage
capacity by decorrelating similar inputs patterns of neuronal activity into
\ non-overlapping output firing patterns. Winners-take-all (WTA) mechanism
\ is a theoretical model for pattern separation in which a \"winner\"
\ cell suppresses the activity of the neighboring neurons through feedback
inhibition. However, if the network properties of the dentate gyrus support WTA
as a biologically conceivable model remains unknown. Here, we showed that the
connectivity rules of PV+interneurons and their synaptic properties are optimizedfor
efficient pattern separation. We found using multiple whole-cell in vitrorecordings
that PV+interneurons mainly connect to granule cells (GC) through lateral inhibition,
a form of feedback inhibition in which a GC inhibits other GCs but not
\ itself through the activation of PV+interneurons. Thus, lateral inhibition
between GC–PV+interneurons was ~10 times more abundant than recurrent connections.
Furthermore, the GC–PV+interneuron connectivity was more spatially confined
\ but less abundant than PV+interneurons–GC connectivity, leading to an
\ asymmetrical distribution of excitatory and inhibitory connectivity. Our
network model of the dentate gyrus with incorporated real connectivity rules efficiently
decorrelates neuronal activity patterns using WTA as the primary mechanism.
\ This process relied on lateral inhibition, fast-signaling properties of
\ PV+interneurons and the asymmetrical distribution of excitatory and inhibitory
connectivity. Finally, we found that silencing the activity of PV+interneurons
in vivoleads to acute deficits in discrimination between similar environments,
suggesting that PV+interneuron networks are necessary for behavioral relevant
computations. Our results demonstrate that PV+interneurons possess unique
connectivity and fast signaling properties that confer to the dentate
\ gyrus network properties that allow the emergence of pattern separation. Thus,
our results contribute to the knowledge of how specific forms of network organization
underlie sophisticated types of information processing. \r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: 'Claudia '
full_name: 'Espinoza Martinez, Claudia '
id: 31FFEE2E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Espinoza Martinez
orcid: 0000-0003-4710-2082
citation:
ama: Espinoza Martinez C. Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation
in hippocampal microcircuits. 2019. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363
apa: Espinoza Martinez, C. (2019). Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient
pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363
chicago: Espinoza Martinez, Claudia . “Parvalbumin+ Interneurons Enable Efficient
Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Microcircuits.” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363.
ieee: C. Espinoza Martinez, “Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern
separation in hippocampal microcircuits,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2019.
ista: Espinoza Martinez C. 2019. Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern
separation in hippocampal microcircuits. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Espinoza Martinez, Claudia. Parvalbumin+ Interneurons Enable Efficient Pattern
Separation in Hippocampal Microcircuits. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363.
short: C. Espinoza Martinez, Parvalbumin+ Interneurons Enable Efficient Pattern
Separation in Hippocampal Microcircuits, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2019.
date_created: 2019-04-30T11:56:10Z
date_published: 2019-04-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-15T12:03:48Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 77c6c05cfe8b58c8abcf1b854375d084
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cespinoza
date_created: 2019-05-07T16:00:39Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:15Z
embargo: 2020-05-09
file_id: '6389'
file_name: Espinozathesis_all2.pdf
file_size: 13966891
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: f6aa819f127691a2b0fc21c76eb09746
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: cespinoza
date_created: 2019-05-07T16:00:48Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:28Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6390'
file_name: Espinoza_Thesis.docx
file_size: 11159900
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '140'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-000-8
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '21'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
title: Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal
microcircuits
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '6891'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "While cells of mesenchymal or epithelial origin perform their effector functions
in a purely anchorage dependent manner, cells derived from the hematopoietic lineage
are not committed to operate only within a specific niche. Instead, these cells
are able to function autonomously of the molecular composition in a broad range
of tissue compartments. By this means, cells of the hematopoietic lineage retain
the capacity to disseminate into connective tissue and recirculate between organs,
building the foundation for essential processes such as tissue regeneration or
immune surveillance. \r\nCells of the immune system, specifically leukocytes,
are extraordinarily good at performing this task. These cells are able to flexibly
shift their mode of migration between an adhesion-mediated and an adhesion-independent
manner, instantaneously accommodating for any changes in molecular composition
of the external scaffold. The key component driving directed leukocyte migration
is the chemokine receptor 7, which guides the cell along gradients of chemokine
ligand. Therefore, the physical destination of migrating leukocytes is purely
deterministic, i.e. given by global directional cues such as chemokine gradients.
\r\nNevertheless, these cells typically reside in three-dimensional scaffolds
of inhomogeneous complexity, raising the question whether cells are able to locally
discriminate between multiple optional migration routes. Current literature provides
evidence that leukocytes, specifically dendritic cells, do indeed probe their
surrounding by virtue of multiple explorative protrusions. However, it remains
enigmatic how these cells decide which one is the more favorable route to follow
and what are the key players involved in performing this task. Due to the heterogeneous
environment of most tissues, and the vast adaptability of migrating leukocytes,
at this time it is not clear to what extent leukocytes are able to optimize their
migratory strategy by adapting their level of adhesiveness. And, given the fact
that leukocyte migration is characterized by branched cell shapes in combination
with high migration velocities, it is reasonable to assume that these cells require
fine tuned shape maintenance mechanisms that tightly coordinate protrusion and
adhesion dynamics in a spatiotemporal manner. \r\nTherefore, this study aimed
to elucidate how rapidly migrating leukocytes opt for an ideal migratory path
while maintaining a continuous cell shape and balancing adhesive forces to efficiently
navigate through complex microenvironments. \r\nThe results of this study unraveled
a role for the microtubule cytoskeleton in promoting the decision making process
during path finding and for the first time point towards a microtubule-mediated
function in cell shape maintenance of highly ramified cells such as dendritic
cells. Furthermore, we found that migrating low-adhesive leukocytes are able to
instantaneously adapt to increased tensile load by engaging adhesion receptors.
This response was only occurring tangential to the substrate while adhesive properties
in the vertical direction were not increased. As leukocytes are primed for rapid
migration velocities, these results demonstrate that leukocyte integrins are able
to confer a high level of traction forces parallel to the cell membrane along
the direction of migration without wasting energy in gluing the cell to the substrate.
\r\nThus, the data in the here presented thesis provide new insights into the
pivotal role of cytoskeletal dynamics and the mechanisms of force transduction
during leukocyte migration. \r\nThereby the here presented results help to further
define fundamental principles underlying leukocyte migration and open up potential
therapeutic avenues of clinical relevance.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Aglaja
full_name: Kopf, Aglaja
id: 31DAC7B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kopf
orcid: 0000-0002-2187-6656
citation:
ama: Kopf A. The implication of cytoskeletal dynamics on leukocyte migration. 2019.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6891
apa: Kopf, A. (2019). The implication of cytoskeletal dynamics on leukocyte migration.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6891
chicago: Kopf, Aglaja. “The Implication of Cytoskeletal Dynamics on Leukocyte Migration.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6891.
ieee: A. Kopf, “The implication of cytoskeletal dynamics on leukocyte migration,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.
ista: Kopf A. 2019. The implication of cytoskeletal dynamics on leukocyte migration.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Kopf, Aglaja. The Implication of Cytoskeletal Dynamics on Leukocyte Migration.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6891.
short: A. Kopf, The Implication of Cytoskeletal Dynamics on Leukocyte Migration,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.
date_created: 2019-09-19T08:19:44Z
date_published: 2019-07-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-18T08:49:17Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:6891
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 00d100d6468e31e583051e0a006b640c
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: akopf
date_created: 2019-10-15T05:28:42Z
date_updated: 2020-10-17T22:30:03Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6950'
file_name: Kopf_PhD_Thesis.docx
file_size: 74735267
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 5d1baa899993ae6ca81aebebe1797000
content_type: application/pdf
creator: akopf
date_created: 2019-10-15T05:28:47Z
date_updated: 2020-10-17T22:30:03Z
embargo: 2020-10-16
file_id: '6951'
file_name: Kopf_PhD_Thesis1.pdf
file_size: 52787224
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-10-17T22:30:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- cell biology
- immunology
- leukocyte
- migration
- microfluidics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '171'
project:
- _id: 265E2996-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: W01250-B20
name: Nano-Analytics of Cellular Systems
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2663-337X
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-002-2
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
link:
- relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/feeling-like-a-cell/
record:
- id: '6328'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '15'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6877'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
title: The implication of cytoskeletal dynamics on leukocyte migration
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '6371'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Decades of studies have revealed the mechanisms of gene regulation in molecular
detail. We make use of such well-described regulatory systems to explore how the
molecular mechanisms of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions shape the
dynamics and evolution of gene regulation. \r\n\r\ni) We uncover how the biophysics
of protein-DNA binding determines the potential of regulatory networks to evolve
and adapt, which can be captured using a simple mathematical model. \r\nii) The
evolution of regulatory connections can lead to a significant amount of crosstalk
between binding proteins. We explore the effect of crosstalk on gene expression
from a target promoter, which seems to be modulated through binding competition
at non-specific DNA sites. \r\niii) We investigate how the very same biophysical
characteristics as in i) can generate significant fitness costs for cells through
global crosstalk, meaning non-specific DNA binding across the genomic background.
\r\niv) Binding competition between proteins at a target promoter is a prevailing
regulatory feature due to the prevalence of co-regulation at bacterial promoters.
However, the dynamics of these systems are not always straightforward to determine
even if the molecular mechanisms of regulation are known. A detailed model of
the biophysical interactions reveals that interference between the regulatory
proteins can constitute a new, generic form of system memory that records the
history of the input signals at the promoter. \r\n\r\nWe demonstrate how the biophysics
of protein-DNA binding can be harnessed to investigate the principles that shape
and ultimately limit cellular gene regulation. These results provide a basis for
studies of higher-level functionality, which arises from the underlying regulation.
\ \r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Claudia
full_name: Igler, Claudia
id: 46613666-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Igler
citation:
ama: Igler C. On the nature of gene regulatory design - The biophysics of transcription
factor binding shapes gene regulation. 2019. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6371
apa: Igler, C. (2019). On the nature of gene regulatory design - The biophysics
of transcription factor binding shapes gene regulation. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6371
chicago: Igler, Claudia. “On the Nature of Gene Regulatory Design - The Biophysics
of Transcription Factor Binding Shapes Gene Regulation.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6371.
ieee: C. Igler, “On the nature of gene regulatory design - The biophysics of transcription
factor binding shapes gene regulation,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2019.
ista: Igler C. 2019. On the nature of gene regulatory design - The biophysics of
transcription factor binding shapes gene regulation. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Igler, Claudia. On the Nature of Gene Regulatory Design - The Biophysics
of Transcription Factor Binding Shapes Gene Regulation. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6371.
short: C. Igler, On the Nature of Gene Regulatory Design - The Biophysics of Transcription
Factor Binding Shapes Gene Regulation, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2019.
date_created: 2019-05-03T11:55:51Z
date_published: 2019-05-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T13:45:52Z
day: '03'
ddc:
- '576'
- '579'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:6371
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: c0085d47c58c9cbcab1b0a783480f6da
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cigler
date_created: 2019-05-03T11:54:52Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:13Z
embargo: 2020-05-02
file_id: '6373'
file_name: IglerClaudia_OntheNatureofGeneRegulatoryDesign.pdf
file_size: 12597663
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 2eac954de1c8bbf7e6fb35ed0221ae8c
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: cigler
date_created: 2019-05-03T11:54:54Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:28Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6374'
file_name: IglerClaudia_OntheNatureofGeneRegulatoryDesign.docx
file_size: 34644426
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:13Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- gene regulation
- biophysics
- transcription factor binding
- bacteria
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '152'
project:
- _id: 251EE76E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '24573'
name: Design principles underlying genetic switch architecture (DOC Fellowship)
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '67'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '5585'
relation: popular_science
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Calin C
full_name: Guet, Calin C
id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Guet
orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
title: On the nature of gene regulatory design - The biophysics of transcription factor
binding shapes gene regulation
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '49'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Nowadays, quantum computation is receiving more and more attention as an alternative
to the classical way of computing. For realizing a quantum computer, different
devices are investigated as potential quantum bits. In this thesis, the focus
is on Ge hut wires, which turned out to be promising candidates for implementing
hole spin quantum bits. The advantages of Ge as a material system are the low
hyperfine interaction for holes and the strong spin orbit coupling, as well as
the compatibility with the highly developed CMOS processes in industry. In addition,
Ge can also be isotopically purified which is expected to boost the spin coherence
times. The strong spin orbit interaction for holes in Ge on the one hand enables
the full electrical control of the quantum bit and on the other hand should allow
short spin manipulation times. Starting with a bare Si wafer, this work covers
the entire process reaching from growth over the fabrication and characterization
of hut wire devices up to the demonstration of hole spin resonance. From experiments
with single quantum dots, a large g-factor anisotropy between the in-plane and
the out-of-plane direction was found. A comparison to a theoretical model unveiled
the heavy-hole character of the lowest energy states. The second part of the thesis
addresses double quantum dot devices, which were realized by adding two gate electrodes
to a hut wire. In such devices, Pauli spin blockade was observed, which can serve
as a read-out mechanism for spin quantum bits. Applying oscillating electric fields
in spin blockade allowed the demonstration of continuous spin rotations and the
extraction of a lower bound for the spin dephasing time. Despite the strong spin
orbit coupling in Ge, the obtained value for the dephasing time is comparable
to what has been recently reported for holes in Si. All in all, the presented
results point out the high potential of Ge hut wires as a platform for long-lived,
fast and fully electrically tunable hole spin quantum bits.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Hannes
full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Watzinger
citation:
ama: Watzinger H. Ge hut wires - from growth to hole spin resonance. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1033
apa: Watzinger, H. (2018). Ge hut wires - from growth to hole spin resonance.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1033
chicago: Watzinger, Hannes. “Ge Hut Wires - from Growth to Hole Spin Resonance.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1033.
ieee: H. Watzinger, “Ge hut wires - from growth to hole spin resonance,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Watzinger H. 2018. Ge hut wires - from growth to hole spin resonance. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Watzinger, Hannes. Ge Hut Wires - from Growth to Hole Spin Resonance.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1033.
short: H. Watzinger, Ge Hut Wires - from Growth to Hole Spin Resonance, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:21Z
date_published: 2018-07-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:27:43Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '530'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1033
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date_created: 2019-04-09T07:13:28Z
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '77'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8005'
pubrep_id: '1033'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
title: Ge hut wires - from growth to hole spin resonance
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '201'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We describe arrangements of three-dimensional spheres from a geometrical
and topological point of view. Real data (fitting this setup) often consist of
soft spheres which show certain degree of deformation while strongly packing against
each other. In this context, we answer the following questions: If we model a
soft packing of spheres by hard spheres that are allowed to overlap, can we measure
the volume in the overlapped areas? Can we be more specific about the overlap
volume, i.e. quantify how much volume is there covered exactly twice, three times,
or k times? What would be a good optimization criteria that rule the arrangement
of soft spheres while making a good use of the available space? Fixing a particular
criterion, what would be the optimal sphere configuration? The first result of
this thesis are short formulas for the computation of volumes covered by at least
k of the balls. The formulas exploit information contained in the order-k Voronoi
diagrams and its closely related Level-k complex. The used complexes lead to a
natural generalization into poset diagrams, a theoretical formalism that contains
the order-k and degree-k diagrams as special cases. In parallel, we define different
criteria to determine what could be considered an optimal arrangement from a geometrical
point of view. Fixing a criterion, we find optimal soft packing configurations
in 2D and 3D where the ball centers lie on a lattice. As a last step, we use tools
from computational topology on real physical data, to show the potentials of higher-order
diagrams in the description of melting crystals. The results of the experiments
leaves us with an open window to apply the theories developed in this thesis in
real applications.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Mabel
full_name: Iglesias Ham, Mabel
id: 41B58C0C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Iglesias Ham
citation:
ama: Iglesias Ham M. Multiple covers with balls. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1026
apa: Iglesias Ham, M. (2018). Multiple covers with balls. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1026
chicago: Iglesias Ham, Mabel. “Multiple Covers with Balls.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1026.
ieee: M. Iglesias Ham, “Multiple covers with balls,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
ista: Iglesias Ham M. 2018. Multiple covers with balls. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Iglesias Ham, Mabel. Multiple Covers with Balls. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1026.
short: M. Iglesias Ham, Multiple Covers with Balls, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:10Z
date_published: 2018-06-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:25:32Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '514'
- '516'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HeEd
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1026
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: dd699303623e96d1478a6ae07210dd05
content_type: application/zip
creator: kschuh
date_created: 2019-02-05T07:43:31Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:24Z
file_id: '5918'
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date_created: 2019-02-05T07:43:45Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:24Z
file_id: '5919'
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file_size: 4783846
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '171'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7712'
pubrep_id: '1026'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Herbert
full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Edelsbrunner
orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
title: Multiple covers with balls
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '68'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The most common assumption made in statistical learning theory is the assumption
of the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data. While being very
convenient mathematically, it is often very clearly violated in practice. This
disparity between the machine learning theory and applications underlies a growing
demand in the development of algorithms that learn from dependent data and theory
that can provide generalization guarantees similar to the independent situations.
This thesis is dedicated to two variants of dependencies that can arise in practice.
One is a dependence on the level of samples in a single learning task. Another
dependency type arises in the multi-task setting when the tasks are dependent
on each other even though the data for them can be i.i.d. In both cases we model
the data (samples or tasks) as stochastic processes and introduce new algorithms
for both settings that take into account and exploit the resulting dependencies.
We prove the theoretical guarantees on the performance of the introduced algorithms
under different evaluation criteria and, in addition, we compliment the theoretical
study by the empirical one, where we evaluate some of the algorithms on two real
world datasets to highlight their practical applicability.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Zimin, Alexander
id: 37099E9C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zimin
citation:
ama: Zimin A. Learning from dependent data. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH1048
apa: Zimin, A. (2018). Learning from dependent data. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH1048
chicago: Zimin, Alexander. “Learning from Dependent Data.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH1048.
ieee: A. Zimin, “Learning from dependent data,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
ista: Zimin A. 2018. Learning from dependent data. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria.
mla: Zimin, Alexander. Learning from Dependent Data. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH1048.
short: A. Zimin, Learning from Dependent Data, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:27Z
date_published: 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:29:07Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '004'
- '519'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH1048
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: e849dd40a915e4d6c5572b51b517f098
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T07:32:47Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:40Z
file_id: '6253'
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T07:32:47Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:40Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '92'
project:
- _id: 2532554C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '308036'
name: Lifelong Learning of Visual Scene Understanding
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7986'
pubrep_id: '1048'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Lampert, Christoph
id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lampert
orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
title: Learning from dependent data
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '83'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "A proof system is a protocol between a prover and a verifier over a common
input in which an honest prover convinces the verifier of the validity of true
statements. Motivated by the success of decentralized cryptocurrencies, exemplified
by Bitcoin, the focus of this thesis will be on proof systems which found applications
in some sustainable alternatives to Bitcoin, such as the Spacemint and Chia cryptocurrencies.
In particular, we focus on proofs of space and proofs of sequential work.\r\nProofs
of space (PoSpace) were suggested as more ecological, economical, and egalitarian
alternative to the energy-wasteful proof-of-work mining of Bitcoin. However, the
state-of-the-art constructions of PoSpace are based on sophisticated graph pebbling
lower bounds, and are therefore complex. Moreover, when these PoSpace are used
in cryptocurrencies like Spacemint, miners can only start mining after ensuring
that a commitment to their space is already added in a special transaction to
the blockchain. Proofs of sequential work (PoSW) are proof systems in which a
prover, upon receiving a statement x and a time parameter T, computes a proof
which convinces the verifier that T time units had passed since x was received.
Whereas Spacemint assumes synchrony to retain some interesting Bitcoin dynamics,
Chia requires PoSW with unique proofs, i.e., PoSW in which it is hard to come
up with more than one accepting proof for any true statement. In this thesis we
construct simple and practically-efficient PoSpace and PoSW. When using our PoSpace
in cryptocurrencies, miners can start mining on the fly, like in Bitcoin, and
unlike current constructions of PoSW, which either achieve efficient verification
of sequential work, or faster-than-recomputing verification of correctness of
proofs, but not both at the same time, ours achieve the best of these two worlds."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Hamza M
full_name: Abusalah, Hamza M
id: 40297222-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Abusalah
citation:
ama: Abusalah HM. Proof systems for sustainable decentralized cryptocurrencies.
2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1046
apa: Abusalah, H. M. (2018). Proof systems for sustainable decentralized cryptocurrencies.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1046
chicago: Abusalah, Hamza M. “Proof Systems for Sustainable Decentralized Cryptocurrencies.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1046.
ieee: H. M. Abusalah, “Proof systems for sustainable decentralized cryptocurrencies,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Abusalah HM. 2018. Proof systems for sustainable decentralized cryptocurrencies.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Abusalah, Hamza M. Proof Systems for Sustainable Decentralized Cryptocurrencies.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1046.
short: H.M. Abusalah, Proof Systems for Sustainable Decentralized Cryptocurrencies,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:32Z
date_published: 2018-09-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:30:23Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '004'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1046
ec_funded: 1
file:
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checksum: c4b5f7d111755d1396787f41886fc674
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T06:43:41Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '59'
project:
- _id: 258C570E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '259668'
name: Provable Security for Physical Cryptography
- _id: 258AA5B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '682815'
name: Teaching Old Crypto New Tricks
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7971'
pubrep_id: '1046'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1229'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1235'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1236'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '559'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
full_name: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z
id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pietrzak
orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
title: Proof systems for sustainable decentralized cryptocurrencies
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '197'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Modern computer vision systems heavily rely on statistical machine learning
models, which typically require large amounts of labeled data to be learned reliably.
Moreover, very recently computer vision research widely adopted techniques for
representation learning, which further increase the demand for labeled data. However,
for many important practical problems there is relatively small amount of labeled
data available, so it is problematic to leverage full potential of the representation
learning methods. One way to overcome this obstacle is to invest substantial resources
into producing large labelled datasets. Unfortunately, this can be prohibitively
expensive in practice. In this thesis we focus on the alternative way of tackling
the aforementioned issue. We concentrate on methods, which make use of weakly-labeled
or even unlabeled data. Specifically, the first half of the thesis is dedicated
to the semantic image segmentation task. We develop a technique, which achieves
competitive segmentation performance and only requires annotations in a form of
global image-level labels instead of dense segmentation masks. Subsequently, we
present a new methodology, which further improves segmentation performance by
leveraging tiny additional feedback from a human annotator. By using our methods
practitioners can greatly reduce the amount of data annotation effort, which is
required to learn modern image segmentation models. In the second half of the
thesis we focus on methods for learning from unlabeled visual data. We study a
family of autoregressive models for modeling structure of natural images and discuss
potential applications of these models. Moreover, we conduct in-depth study of
one of these applications, where we develop the state-of-the-art model for the
probabilistic image colorization task.
acknowledgement: I also gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with
the donation of the GPUs used for this research.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Kolesnikov, Alexander
id: 2D157DB6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolesnikov
citation:
ama: Kolesnikov A. Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling of Natural
Images. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1021
apa: Kolesnikov, A. (2018). Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling
of Natural Images. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1021
chicago: Kolesnikov, Alexander. “Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised
Modeling of Natural Images.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1021.
ieee: A. Kolesnikov, “Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling of
Natural Images,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Kolesnikov A. 2018. Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling
of Natural Images. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Kolesnikov, Alexander. Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling
of Natural Images. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1021.
short: A. Kolesnikov, Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling of
Natural Images, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:09Z
date_published: 2018-05-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:51:46Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '004'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1021
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bc678e02468d8ebc39dc7267dfb0a1c4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:14:57Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:22Z
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date_created: 2019-04-05T09:34:49Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:22Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '113'
project:
- _id: 2532554C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '308036'
name: Lifelong Learning of Visual Scene Understanding
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7718'
pubrep_id: '1021'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Lampert, Christoph
id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lampert
orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
title: Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling of Natural Images
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '200'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This thesis is concerned with the inference of current population structure
based on geo-referenced genetic data. The underlying idea is that population structure
affects its spatial genetic structure. Therefore, genotype information can be
utilized to estimate important demographic parameters such as migration rates.
These indirect estimates of population structure have become very attractive,
as genotype data is now widely available. However, there also has been much concern
about these approaches. Importantly, genetic structure can be influenced by many
complex patterns, which often cannot be disentangled. Moreover, many methods merely
fit heuristic patterns of genetic structure, and do not build upon population
genetics theory. Here, I describe two novel inference methods that address these
shortcomings. In Chapter 2, I introduce an inference scheme based on a new type
of signal, identity by descent (IBD) blocks. Recently, it has become feasible
to detect such long blocks of genome shared between pairs of samples. These blocks
are direct traces of recent coalescence events. As such, they contain ample signal
for inferring recent demography. I examine sharing of IBD blocks in two-dimensional
populations with local migration. Using a diffusion approximation, I derive formulas
for an isolation by distance pattern of long IBD blocks and show that sharing
of long IBD blocks approaches rapid exponential decay for growing sample distance.
I describe an inference scheme based on these results. It can robustly estimate
the dispersal rate and population density, which is demonstrated on simulated
data. I also show an application to estimate mean migration and the rate of recent
population growth within Eastern Europe. Chapter 3 is about a novel method to
estimate barriers to gene flow in a two dimensional population. This inference
scheme utilizes geographically localized allele frequency fluctuations - a classical
isolation by distance signal. The strength of these local fluctuations increases
on average next to a barrier, and there is less correlation across it. I again
use a framework of diffusion of ancestral lineages to model this effect, and provide
an efficient numerical implementation to fit the results to geo-referenced biallelic
SNP data. This inference scheme is able to robustly estimate strong barriers to
gene flow, as tests on simulated data confirm.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Ringbauer, Harald
id: 417FCFF4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ringbauer
orcid: 0000-0002-4884-9682
citation:
ama: Ringbauer H. Inferring recent demography from spatial genetic structure. 2018.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_963
apa: Ringbauer, H. (2018). Inferring recent demography from spatial genetic structure.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_963
chicago: Ringbauer, Harald. “Inferring Recent Demography from Spatial Genetic Structure.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_963.
ieee: H. Ringbauer, “Inferring recent demography from spatial genetic structure,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Ringbauer H. 2018. Inferring recent demography from spatial genetic structure.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Ringbauer, Harald. Inferring Recent Demography from Spatial Genetic Structure.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_963.
short: H. Ringbauer, Inferring Recent Demography from Spatial Genetic Structure,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:10Z
date_published: 2018-02-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-20T12:00:56Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '576'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_963
file:
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checksum: 8cc534d2b528ae017acf80874cce48c9
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date_created: 2018-12-12T10:14:55Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:23Z
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date_created: 2019-04-05T09:30:12Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:23Z
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language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '146'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7713'
pubrep_id: '963'
related_material:
record:
- id: '563'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1074'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
title: Inferring recent demography from spatial genetic structure
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '418'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The aim of this thesis was the development of new strategies for optical
and optogenetic control of proliferative and pro-survival signaling, and characterizing
them from the molecular mechanism up to cellular effects. These new light-based
methods have unique features, such as red light as an activator, or the avoidance
of gene delivery, which enable to overcome current limitations, such as light
delivery to target tissues and feasibility as therapeutic approach. A special
focus was placed on implementing these new light-based approaches in pancreatic
β-cells, as β-cells are the key players in diabetes and especially their loss
in number negatively affects disease progression. Currently no treatment options
are available to compensate the lack of functional β-cells in diabetic patients.\r\nIn
a first approach, red-light-activated growth factor receptors, in particular receptor
tyrosine kinases were engineered and characterized. Receptor activation with light
allows spatio-temporal control compared to ligand-based activation, and especially
red light exhibits deeper tissue penetration than other wavelengths of the visible
spectrum. Red-light-activated receptor tyrosine kinases robustly activated major
growth factor related signaling pathways with a high temporal resolution. Moreover,
the remote activation of the proliferative MAPK/Erk pathway by red-light-activated
receptor tyrosine kinases in a pancreatic β-cell line was also achieved, through
one centimeter thick mouse tissue. Although red-light-activated receptor tyrosine
kinases are particularly attractive for applications in animal models due to the
deep tissue penetration of red light, a drawback, especially with regard to translation
into humans, is the requirement of gene therapy.\r\nIn a second approach an endogenous
light-sensitive mechanism was identified and its potential to promote proliferative
and pro-survival signals was explored, towards light-based tissue regeneration
without the need for gene transfer. Blue-green light illumination was found to
be sufficient for the activation of proliferation and survival promoting signaling
pathways in primary pancreatic murine and human islets. Blue-green light also
led to an increase in proliferation of primary islet cells, an effect which was
shown to be mostly β-cell specific in human islets. Moreover, it was demonstrated
that this approach of pancreatic β-cell expansion did not have any negative effect
on the β-cell function, in particular on their insulin secretion capacity. In
contrast, a trend for enhanced insulin secretion under high glucose conditions
after illumination was detected. In order to unravel the detailed characteristics
of this endogenous light-sensitive mechanism, the precise light requirements were
determined. In addition, the expression of light sensing proteins, OPN3 and rhodopsin,
was detected. The observed effects were found to be independent of handling effects
such as temperature differences and cytochrome c oxidase dependent ATP increase,
but they were found to be enhanced through the knockout of OPN3. The exact mechanism
of how islets cells sense light and the identity of the photoreceptor remains
unknown.\r\nSummarized two new light-based systems with unique features were established
that enable the activation of proliferative and pro-survival signaling pathways.
While red-light-activated receptor tyrosine kinases open a new avenue for optogenetics
research, by allowing non-invasive control of signaling in vivo, the identified
endogenous light-sensitive mechanism has the potential to be the basis of a gene
therapy-free therapeutical approach for light-based β-cell expansion."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Eva
full_name: Gschaider-Reichhart, Eva
id: 3FEE232A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gschaider-Reichhart
orcid: 0000-0002-7218-7738
citation:
ama: Gschaider-Reichhart E. Optical and optogenetic control of proliferation and
survival . 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_913
apa: Gschaider-Reichhart, E. (2018). Optical and optogenetic control of proliferation
and survival . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_913
chicago: Gschaider-Reichhart, Eva. “Optical and Optogenetic Control of Proliferation
and Survival .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_913.
ieee: E. Gschaider-Reichhart, “Optical and optogenetic control of proliferation
and survival ,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Gschaider-Reichhart E. 2018. Optical and optogenetic control of proliferation
and survival . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Gschaider-Reichhart, Eva. Optical and Optogenetic Control of Proliferation
and Survival . Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_913.
short: E. Gschaider-Reichhart, Optical and Optogenetic Control of Proliferation
and Survival , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:22Z
date_published: 2018-01-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-22T09:20:10Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '571'
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HaJa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_913
file:
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checksum: 697fa72ca36fb1b8ceabc133d58a73e5
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creator: dernst
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date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:24Z
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file_size: 7012495
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '107'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7405'
pubrep_id: '913'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1441'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1678'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '2084'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1028'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Harald L
full_name: Janovjak, Harald L
id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janovjak
orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
title: 'Optical and optogenetic control of proliferation and survival '
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '52'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this thesis we will discuss systems of point interacting fermions, their
stability and other spectral properties. Whereas for bosons a point interacting
system is always unstable this ques- tion is more subtle for a gas of two species
of fermions. In particular the answer depends on the mass ratio between these
two species. Most of this work will be focused on the N + M model which consists
of two species of fermions with N, M particles respectively which interact via
point interactions. We will introduce this model using a formal limit and discuss
the N + 1 system in more detail. In particular, we will show that for mass ratios
above a critical one, which does not depend on the particle number, the N + 1
system is stable. In the context of this model we will prove rigorous versions
of Tan relations which relate various quantities of the point-interacting model.
By restricting the N + 1 system to a box we define a finite density model with
point in- teractions. In the context of this system we will discuss the energy
change when introducing a point-interacting impurity into a system of non-interacting
fermions. We will see that this change in energy is bounded independently of the
particle number and in particular the bound only depends on the density and the
scattering length. As another special case of the N + M model we will show stability
of the 2 + 2 model for mass ratios in an interval around one. Further we will
investigate a different model of point interactions which was discussed before
in the literature and which is, contrary to the N + M model, not given by a limiting
procedure but is based on a Dirichlet form. We will show that this system behaves
trivially in the thermodynamic limit, i.e. the free energy per particle is the
same as the one of the non-interacting system.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Moser, Thomas
id: 2B5FC9A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Moser
citation:
ama: Moser T. Point interactions in systems of fermions. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1043
apa: Moser, T. (2018). Point interactions in systems of fermions. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1043
chicago: Moser, Thomas. “Point Interactions in Systems of Fermions.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1043.
ieee: T. Moser, “Point interactions in systems of fermions,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Moser T. 2018. Point interactions in systems of fermions. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Moser, Thomas. Point Interactions in Systems of Fermions. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1043.
short: T. Moser, Point Interactions in Systems of Fermions, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:22Z
date_published: 2018-09-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-27T12:34:14Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '515'
- '530'
- '519'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: RoSe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1043
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: fbd8c747d148b468a21213b7cf175225
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T07:45:38Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:37Z
file_id: '6256'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Moser.pdf
file_size: 851164
relation: main_file
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checksum: c28e16ecfc1126d3ce324ec96493c01e
content_type: application/zip
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T07:45:38Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:37Z
file_id: '6257'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Moser_Source.zip
file_size: 1531516
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '115'
project:
- _id: 25C878CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P27533_N27
name: Structure of the Excitation Spectrum for Many-Body Quantum Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8002'
pubrep_id: '1043'
related_material:
record:
- id: '5856'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '154'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1198'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '741'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Seiringer, Robert
id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Seiringer
orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
title: Point interactions in systems of fermions
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '69'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A qubit, a unit of quantum information, is essentially any quantum mechanical
two-level system which can be coherently controlled. Still, to be used for computation,
it has to fulfill criteria. Qubits, regardless of the system in which they are
realized, suffer from decoherence. This leads to loss of the information stored
in the qubit. The upper bound of the time scale on which decoherence happens is
set by the spin relaxation time. In this thesis I studied a two-level system consisting
of a Zeeman-split hole spin confined in a quantum dot formed in a Ge hut wire.
Such Ge hut wires have emerged as a promising material system for the realization
of spin qubits, due to the combination of two significant properties: long spin
coherence time as expected for group IV semiconductors due to the low hyperfine
interaction and a strong valence band spin-orbit coupling. Here, I present how
to fabricate quantum dot devices suitable for electrical transport measurements.
Coupled quantum dot devices allowed the realization of a charge sensor, which
is electrostatically and tunnel coupled to a quantum dot. By integrating the charge
sensor into a radio-frequency reflectometry setup, I performed for the first time
single-shot readout measurements of hole spins and extracted the hole spin relaxation
times in Ge hut wires.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lada
full_name: Vukušić, Lada
id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vukušić
orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
citation:
ama: Vukušić L. Charge sensing and spin relaxation times of holes in Ge hut wires.
2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1047
apa: Vukušić, L. (2018). Charge sensing and spin relaxation times of holes in
Ge hut wires. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1047
chicago: Vukušić, Lada. “Charge Sensing and Spin Relaxation Times of Holes in Ge
Hut Wires.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1047.
ieee: L. Vukušić, “Charge sensing and spin relaxation times of holes in Ge hut wires,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Vukušić L. 2018. Charge sensing and spin relaxation times of holes in Ge hut
wires. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Vukušić, Lada. Charge Sensing and Spin Relaxation Times of Holes in Ge Hut
Wires. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1047.
short: L. Vukušić, Charge Sensing and Spin Relaxation Times of Holes in Ge Hut Wires,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:28Z
date_published: 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-26T15:50:22Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
- '600'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1047
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: c570b656e30749cd65b1c7e13a9ce0a8
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T07:00:40Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:44Z
file_id: '6247'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Vukusic.pdf
file_size: 28452385
relation: main_file
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date_created: 2019-04-09T07:00:40Z
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file_size: 53058704
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:44Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '103'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7985'
pubrep_id: '1047'
related_material:
record:
- id: '23'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '840'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
title: Charge sensing and spin relaxation times of holes in Ge hut wires
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '324'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Neuronal networks in the brain consist of two main types of neuron, glutamatergic
principal neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Although these interneurons only
represent 10–20% of the whole population, they mediate feedback and feedforward
inhibition and are involved in the generation of high-frequency network oscillations.
A hallmark functional property of GABAergic interneurons, especially of the parvalbumin‑expressing
(PV+) subtypes, is the speed of signaling at their output synapse across species
and brain regions. Several molecular and subcellular factors may underlie the
submillisecond signaling at GABAergic synapses. Such as the selective use of P/Q
type Ca2+ channels and the tight coupling between Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ sensors
of exocytosis. However, whether the molecular identity of the release sensor contributes
to these signaling properties remains unclear. Besides, these interneurons are
mainly show depression in response to train of stimuli. How could they keep sufficient
release to control the activity of postsynaptic principal neurons during high
network activity, is largely elusive. For my Ph.D. work, we firstly examined the
Ca2+ sensor of exocytosis at the GABAergic basket cell (BC) to Purkinje cell (PC)
synapse in the cerebellum. Immunolabeling suggested that BC terminals selectively
expressed synaptotagmin 2 (Syt2), whereas synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) was enriched
in excitatory terminals. Genetic elimination of Syt2 reduced action potential-evoked
release to ~10% compared to the wild-type control, identifying Syt2 as the major
Ca2+ sensor at BC‑PC synapses. Differential adenovirus-mediated rescue revealed
Syt2 triggered release with shorter latency and higher temporal precision, and
mediated faster vesicle pool replenishment than Syt1. Furthermore, deletion of
Syt2 severely reduced and delayed disynaptic inhibition following parallel fiber
stimulation. Thus, the selective use of Syt2 as the release sensor at BC–PC synapse
ensures fast feedforward inhibition in cerebellar microcircuits. Additionally,
we tested the function of another synaptotagmin member, Syt7, for inhibitory synaptic
transmission at the BC–PC synapse. Syt7 is thought to be a Ca2+ sensor that mediates
asynchronous transmitter release and facilitation at synapses. However, it is
strongly expressed in fast-spiking, PV+ GABAergic interneurons and the output
synapses of these neurons produce only minimal asynchronous release and show depression
rather than facilitation. How could Syt7, a facilitation sensor, contribute to
the depressed inhibitory synaptic transmission needs to be further investigated
and understood. Our results indicated that at the BC–PC synapse, Syt7 contributes
to asynchronous release, pool replenishment and facilitation. In combination,
these three effects ensure efficient transmitter release during high‑frequency
activity and guarantee frequency independence of inhibition. Taken together, our
results confirmed that Syt2, which has the fastest kinetic properties among all
synaptotagmin members, is mainly used by the inhibitory BC‑PC synapse for synaptic
transmission, contributing to the speed and temporal precision of transmitter
release. Furthermore, we showed that Syt7, another highly expressed synaptotagmin
member in the output synapses of cerebellar BCs, is used for ensuring efficient
inhibitor synaptic transmission during high activity.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Chong
full_name: Chen, Chong
id: 3DFD581A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Chen
citation:
ama: Chen C. Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter
release. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997
apa: Chen, C. (2018). Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory
neurotransmitter release. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997
chicago: Chen, Chong. “Synaptotagmins Ensure Speed and Efficiency of Inhibitory
Neurotransmitter Release.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997.
ieee: C. Chen, “Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter
release,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Chen C. 2018. Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter
release. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Chen, Chong. Synaptotagmins Ensure Speed and Efficiency of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
Release. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997.
short: C. Chen, Synaptotagmins Ensure Speed and Efficiency of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
Release, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:49Z
date_published: 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-27T12:26:03Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '571'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8e163ae9e927401b9fa7c1b3e6a3631a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:13:58Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:04Z
file_id: '5046'
file_name: IST-2018-997-v1+1_Thesis_chong_a.pdf
file_size: 8719458
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: f7d7260029a5fbb5c982db61328ade52
content_type: application/octet-stream
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T09:25:26Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:04Z
file_id: '6221'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_chong_source.pages
file_size: 47841940
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '110'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7541'
pubrep_id: '997'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1117'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '749'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
title: Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '278'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Consortial subscription contracts regulate the digital access to publications
between publishers and scientific libraries. However, since a couple of years
the tendency towards a freely accessible publishing (Open Access) intensifies.
As a consequence of this trend the contractual relationship between licensor and
licensee is gradually changing as well: More and more contracts exercise influence
on open access publishing. The present study attempts to compare Austrian examples
of consortial licence contracts, which include components of open access. It describes
the difference between pure subscription contracts and differing innovative deals
including open access components. Thereby it becomes obvious that for the evaluation
of this licence contracts new methods are needed. An essential new element of
such analyses is the evaluation of the open access publication numbers. So this
study tries to carry out such publication analyses for Austrian open access deals
focusing on quantitative questions: How does the number of publications evolve?
How does the open access share change? Publications reports of the publishers
and database queries from Scopus form the data basis. The analysis of the data
points out that differing approaches of contracts result in highly divergent results:
Particular deals can prioritize a saving in costs or else the increase of the
open access rate. It is to be assumed that within the following years further
numerous open access deals will be negotiated. The finding of this study shall
provide guidance.'
author:
- first_name: Márton
full_name: Villányi, Márton
id: 3FFCCD3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Villányi
orcid: 0000-0001-8126-0426
citation:
ama: Villányi M. Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken. 2018.
apa: Villányi, M. (2018). Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken. Universität Wien.
chicago: Villányi, Márton. “Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken.” Universität Wien, 2018.
ieee: M. Villányi, “Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken,” Universität Wien, 2018.
ista: Villányi M. 2018. Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken. Universität Wien.
mla: Villányi, Márton. Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken. Universität Wien, 2018.
short: M. Villányi, Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen
Bibliotheken, Universität Wien, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:34Z
date_published: 2018-04-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T13:44:07Z
day: '06'
department:
- _id: E-Lib
language:
- iso: ger
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://othes.univie.ac.at/51113/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '94'
publication_status: published
publisher: Universität Wien
publist_id: '7624'
related_material:
record:
- id: '5577'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5574'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5578'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5579'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5576'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5575'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5582'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5581'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5580'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Brigitte
full_name: Kromp, Brigitte
last_name: Kromp
title: Lizenzverträge mit Open-Access-Komponenten an österreichischen Bibliotheken
type: dissertation
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '149'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The eigenvalue density of many large random matrices is well approximated
by a deterministic measure, the self-consistent density of states. In the present
work, we show this behaviour for several classes of random matrices. In fact,
we establish that, in each of these classes, the self-consistent density of states
approximates the eigenvalue density of the random matrix on all scales slightly
above the typical eigenvalue spacing. For large classes of random matrices, the
self-consistent density of states exhibits several universal features. We prove
that, under suitable assumptions, random Gram matrices and Hermitian random matrices
with decaying correlations have a 1/3-Hölder continuous self-consistent density
of states ρ on R, which is analytic, where it is positive, and has either a square
root edge or a cubic root cusp, where it vanishes. We, thus, extend the validity
of the corresponding result for Wigner-type matrices from [4, 5, 7]. We show that
ρ is determined as the inverse Stieltjes transform of the normalized trace of
the unique solution m(z) to the Dyson equation −m(z) −1 = z − a + S[m(z)] on C
N×N with the constraint Im m(z) ≥ 0. Here, z lies in the complex upper half-plane,
a is a self-adjoint element of C N×N and S is a positivity-preserving operator
on C N×N encoding the first two moments of the random matrix. In order to analyze
a possible limit of ρ for N → ∞ and address some applications in free probability
theory, we also consider the Dyson equation on infinite dimensional von Neumann
algebras. We present two applications to random matrices. We first establish that,
under certain assumptions, large random matrices with independent entries have
a rotationally symmetric self-consistent density of states which is supported
on a centered disk in C. Moreover, it is infinitely often differentiable apart
from a jump on the boundary of this disk. Second, we show edge universality at
all regular (not necessarily extreme) spectral edges for Hermitian random matrices
with decaying correlations.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Johannes
full_name: Alt, Johannes
id: 36D3D8B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alt
citation:
ama: Alt J. Dyson equation and eigenvalue statistics of random matrices. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1040
apa: Alt, J. (2018). Dyson equation and eigenvalue statistics of random matrices.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1040
chicago: Alt, Johannes. “Dyson Equation and Eigenvalue Statistics of Random Matrices.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1040.
ieee: J. Alt, “Dyson equation and eigenvalue statistics of random matrices,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Alt J. 2018. Dyson equation and eigenvalue statistics of random matrices.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Alt, Johannes. Dyson Equation and Eigenvalue Statistics of Random Matrices.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1040.
short: J. Alt, Dyson Equation and Eigenvalue Statistics of Random Matrices, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:53Z
date_published: 2018-07-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-22T14:34:33Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '515'
- '519'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: LaEr
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1040
ec_funded: 1
file:
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T13:55:20Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:57Z
file_id: '6242'
file_name: 2018_thesis_Alt_source.zip
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relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:57Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '456'
project:
- _id: 258DCDE6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '338804'
name: Random matrices, universality and disordered quantum systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7772'
pubrep_id: '1040'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1677'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '550'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6183'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '566'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1010'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6240'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6184'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: László
full_name: Erdös, László
id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Erdös
orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
title: Dyson equation and eigenvalue statistics of random matrices
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '395'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of genetic disorders often overlapping
with other neurological conditions. Despite the remarkable number of scientific
breakthroughs of the last 100 years, the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders
(e.g. autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, epilepsy) remains a great
challenge. Recent advancements in geno mics, like whole-exome or whole-genome
sequencing, have enabled scientists to identify numerous mutations underlying
neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the few hundred risk genes that were discovered,
the etiological variability and the heterogeneous phenotypic outcomes, the need
for genotype -along with phenotype- based diagnosis of individual patients becomes
a requisite. Driven by this rationale, in a previous study our group described
mutations, identified via whole - exome sequencing, in the gene BCKDK – encoding
for a key regulator of branched chain amin o acid (BCAA) catabolism - as a cause
of ASD. Following up on the role of BCAAs, in the study described here we show
that the solute carrier transporter 7a5 (SLC7A5), a large neutral amino acid transporter
localized mainly at the blood brain barrier (BBB), has an essential role in maintaining
normal levels of brain BCAAs. In mice, deletion of Slc7a5 from the endothelial
cells of the BBB leads to atypical brain amino acid profile, abnormal mRNA translation
and severe neurolo gical abnormalities. Additionally, deletion of Slc7a5 from
the neural progenitor cell population leads to microcephaly. Interestingly, we
demonstrate that BCAA intracerebroventricular administration ameliorates abnormal
behaviors in adult mutant mice. Furthermore, whole - exome sequencing of patients
diagnosed with neurological dis o r ders helped us identify several patients with
autistic traits, microcephaly and motor delay carrying deleterious homozygous
mutations in the SLC7A5 gene. In conclusion, our data elucidate a neurological
syndrome defined by SLC7A5 mutations and support an essential role for t he BCAA
s in human bra in function. Together with r ecent studies (described in chapter
two) that have successfully made the transition into clinical practice, our findings
on the role of B CAAs might have a crucial impact on the development of novel
individualized therapeutic strategies for ASD. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: Bio
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Dora-Clara
full_name: Tarlungeanu, Dora-Clara
id: 2ABCE612-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tarlungeanu
citation:
ama: Tarlungeanu D-C. The branched chain amino acids in autism spectrum disorders
. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_992
apa: Tarlungeanu, D.-C. (2018). The branched chain amino acids in autism spectrum
disorders . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_992
chicago: Tarlungeanu, Dora-Clara. “The Branched Chain Amino Acids in Autism Spectrum
Disorders .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_992.
ieee: D.-C. Tarlungeanu, “The branched chain amino acids in autism spectrum disorders
,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Tarlungeanu D-C. 2018. The branched chain amino acids in autism spectrum disorders
. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Tarlungeanu, Dora-Clara. The Branched Chain Amino Acids in Autism Spectrum
Disorders . Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_992.
short: D.-C. Tarlungeanu, The Branched Chain Amino Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:14Z
date_published: 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:38:59Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
- '616'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GaNo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_992
file:
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checksum: 9f5231c96e0ad945040841a8630232da
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date_created: 2019-04-05T09:19:17Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
embargo: 2018-03-15
file_id: '6218'
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file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '88'
project:
- _id: 25473368-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: F03523
name: Transmembrane Transporters in Health and Disease
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7434'
pubrep_id: '992'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1183'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Gaia
full_name: Novarino, Gaia
id: 3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Novarino
orcid: 0000-0002-7673-7178
title: 'The branched chain amino acids in autism spectrum disorders '
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '51'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Asymmetries have long been known about in the central nervous system. From
gross anatomical differences, such as the presence of the parapineal organ in
only one hemisphere of the developing zebrafish, to more subtle differences in
activity between both hemispheres, as seen in freely roaming animals or human
participants under PET and fMRI imaging analysis. The presence of asymmetries
has been demonstrated to have huge behavioural implications, with their disruption
often leading to the generation of neurological disorders, memory problems, changes
in personality, and in an organism's health and well-being. For my Ph.D. work
I aimed to tackle two important avenues of research. The first being the process
of input-side dependency in the hippocampus, with the goal of finding a key gene
responsible for its development (Gene X). The second project was to do with experience-induced
laterality formation in the hippocampus. Specifically, how laterality in the synapse
density of the CA1 stratum radiatum (s.r.) could be induced purely through environmental
enrichment. Through unilateral tracer injections into the CA3, I was able to selectively
measure the properties of synapses within the CA1 and investigate how they differed
based upon which hemisphere the presynaptic neurone originated. Having found the
existence of a previously unreported reversed (left-isomerism) i.v. mutant, through
morpholocal examination of labelled terminals in the CA1 s.r., I aimed to elucidate
a key gene responsible for the process of left or right determination of inputs
to the CA1 s.r.. This work relates to the previous finding of input-side dependent
asymmetry in the wild-type rodent, where the origin of the projecting neurone
to the CA1 will determine the morphology of a synapse, to a greater degree than
the hemisphere in which the projection terminates. Using left- and right-isomerism
i.v. mice, in combination with whole genome sequence analysis, I highlight Ena/VASP-like
(Evl) as a potential target for Gene X. In relation to this topic, I also highlight
my work in the recently published paper of how knockout of PirB can lead to a
lack of input-side dependency in the murine hippocampus. For the second question,
I show that the environmental enrichment paradigm will lead to an asymmetry in
the synapse densities in the hippocampus of mice. I also highlight that the nature
of the enrichment is of less consequence than the process of enrichment itself.
I demonstrate that the CA3 region will dramatically alter its projection targets,
in relation to environmental stimulation, with the asymmetry in synaptic density,
caused by enrichment, relying heavily on commissural fibres. I also highlight
the vital importance of input-side dependent asymmetry, as a necessary component
of experience-dependent laterality formation in the CA1 s.r.. However, my results
suggest that it isn't the only cause, as there appears to be a CA1 dependent mechanism
also at play. Upon further investigation, I highlight the significant, and highly
important, finding that the changes seen in the CA1 s.r. were predominantly caused
through projections from the left-CA3, with the right-CA3 having less involvement
in this mechanism.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Matthew J
full_name: Case, Matthew J
id: 44B7CA5A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Case
citation:
ama: 'Case MJ. From the left to the right: A tale of asymmetries, environments,
and hippocampal development. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1032'
apa: 'Case, M. J. (2018). From the left to the right: A tale of asymmetries,
environments, and hippocampal development. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1032'
chicago: 'Case, Matthew J. “From the Left to the Right: A Tale of Asymmetries, Environments,
and Hippocampal Development.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1032.'
ieee: 'M. J. Case, “From the left to the right: A tale of asymmetries, environments,
and hippocampal development,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.'
ista: 'Case MJ. 2018. From the left to the right: A tale of asymmetries, environments,
and hippocampal development. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Case, Matthew J. From the Left to the Right: A Tale of Asymmetries, Environments,
and Hippocampal Development. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1032.'
short: 'M.J. Case, From the Left to the Right: A Tale of Asymmetries, Environments,
and Hippocampal Development, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:22Z
date_published: 2018-06-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:39:22Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '571'
- '576'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: RySh
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1032
file:
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checksum: dcc7b55619d8509dd62b8e99d6cdee44
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date_created: 2019-04-09T07:16:26Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:13Z
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T07:16:23Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:14Z
embargo: 2019-07-05
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month: '06'
oa: 1
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page: '186'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8003'
pubrep_id: '1032'
related_material:
record:
- id: '682'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
title: 'From the left to the right: A tale of asymmetries, environments, and hippocampal
development'
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '10'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that leads to parent of origin-specific
gene expression in a subset of genes. Imprinted genes are essential for brain
development, and deregulation of imprinting is associated with neurodevelopmental
diseases and the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. However, the cell-type
specificity of imprinting at single cell resolution, and how imprinting and thus
gene dosage regulates neuronal circuit assembly is still largely unknown. Here,
MADM (Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers) technology was employed to assess genomic
imprinting at single cell level. By visualizing MADM-induced uniparental disomies
(UPDs) in distinct colors at single cell level in genetic mosaic animals, this
experimental paradigm provides a unique quantitative platform to systematically
assay the UPD-mediated imbalances in imprinted gene expression at unprecedented
resolution. An experimental pipeline based on FACS, RNA-seq and bioinformatics
analysis was established and applied to systematically map cell-type-specific
‘imprintomes’ in the mouse brain. The results revealed that parental-specific
expression of imprinted genes per se is rarely cell-type-specific even at the
individual cell level. Conversely, when we extended the comparison to downstream
responses resulting from imbalanced imprinted gene expression, we discovered an
unexpectedly high degree of cell-type specificity. Furthermore, we determined
a novel function of genomic imprinting in cortical astrocyte production and in
olfactory bulb (OB) granule cell generation. These results suggest important functional
implication of genomic imprinting for generating cell-type diversity in the brain.
In addition, MADM provides a powerful tool to study candidate genes by concomitant
genetic manipulation and fluorescent labelling of single cells. MADM-based candidate
gene approach was utilized to identify potential imprinted genes involved in the
generation of cortical astrocytes and OB granule cells. We investigated p57Kip2,
a maternally expressed gene and known cell cycle regulator. Although we found
that p57Kip2 does not play a role in these processes, we detected an unexpected
function of the paternal allele previously thought to be silent. Finally, we took
advantage of a key property of MADM which is to allow unambiguous investigation
of environmental impact on single cells. The experimental pipeline based on FACS
and RNA-seq analysis of MADM-labeled cells was established to probe the functional
differences of single cell loss of gene function compared to global loss of function
on a transcriptional level. With this method, both common and distinct responses
were isolated due to cell-autonomous and non-autonomous effects acting on genotypically
identical cells. As a result, transcriptional changes were identified which result
solely from the surrounding environment. Using the MADM technology to study genomic
imprinting at single cell resolution, we have identified cell-type-specific gene
expression, novel gene function and the impact of environment on single cell transcriptomes.
Together, these provide important insights to the understanding of mechanisms
regulating cell-type specificity and thus diversity in the brain.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Susanne
full_name: Laukoter, Susanne
id: 2D6B7A9A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Laukoter
orcid: 0000-0002-7903-3010
citation:
ama: Laukoter S. Role of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex development. 2018:1-139.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1057
apa: Laukoter, S. (2018). Role of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex development.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1057
chicago: Laukoter, Susanne. “Role of Genomic Imprinting in Cerebral Cortex Development.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1057.
ieee: S. Laukoter, “Role of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex development,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Laukoter S. 2018. Role of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex development.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Laukoter, Susanne. Role of Genomic Imprinting in Cerebral Cortex Development.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, pp. 1–139, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1057.
short: S. Laukoter, Role of Genomic Imprinting in Cerebral Cortex Development, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:08Z
date_published: 2018-11-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:40:44Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: SiHi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1057
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 41fdbf5fdce312802935d88a8ad9932c
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-05-10T07:47:04Z
date_updated: 2019-11-23T23:30:03Z
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-05-10T07:47:04Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1 - 139
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8046'
pubrep_id: '1057'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Beatriz
full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vicoso
orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
title: Role of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex development
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '323'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In the here presented thesis, we explore the role of branched actin networks
in cell migration and antigen presentation, the two most relevant processes in
dendritic cell biology. Branched actin networks construct lamellipodial protrusions
at the leading edge of migrating cells. These are typically seen as adhesive structures,
which mediate force transduction to the extracellular matrix that leads to forward
locomotion. We ablated Arp2/3 nucleation promoting factor WAVE in DCs and found
that the resulting cells lack lamellipodial protrusions. Instead, depending on
the maturation state, one or multiple filopodia were formed. By challenging these
cells in a variety of migration assays we found that lamellipodial protrusions
are dispensable for the locomotion of leukocytes and actually dampen the speed
of migration. However, lamellipodia are critically required to negotiate complex
environments that DCs experience while they travel to the next draining lymph
node. Taken together our results suggest that leukocyte lamellipodia have rather
a sensory- than a force transducing function. Furthermore, we show for the first
time structure and dynamics of dendritic cell F-actin at the immunological synapse
with naïve T cells. Dendritic cell F-actin appears as dynamic foci that are nucleated
by the Arp2/3 complex. WAVE ablated dendritic cells show increased membrane tension,
leading to an altered ultrastructure of the immunological synapse and severe T
cell priming defects. These results point towards a previously unappreciated role
of the cellular mechanics of dendritic cells in T cell activation. Additionally,
we present a novel cell culture based system for the differentiation of dendritic
cells from conditionally immortalized hematopoietic precursors. These precursor
cells are genetically tractable via the CRISPR/Cas9 system while they retain their
ability to differentiate into highly migratory dendritic cells and other immune
cells. This will foster the study of all aspects of dendritic cell biology and
beyond. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: Bio
- _id: PreCl
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: "First of all I would like to thank Michael Sixt for giving me the
opportunity to work in \r\nhis group and for his support throughout the years. He
is a truly inspiring person and \r\nthe best boss one can imagine. I would
\ also like to thank all current and past \r\nmembers of the Sixt group for
their help and the great working atmosphere in the lab. \r\nIt is a true privilege
to work with such a bright, funny and friendly group of people and \r\nI’m proud
\ that I could be part of it. Furthermore, I would like to say ‘thank
\ you’ to Daria Siekhaus for all the meetings and discussion we had throughout
the years \r\nand to Federica Benvenuti for being part of my committee.
\ I am also grateful to Jack \r\nMerrin in the nanofabrication facility
\ and all the people working in the bioimaging-\r\n, the electron microscopy-
and the preclinical facilities."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexander F
full_name: Leithner, Alexander F
id: 3B1B77E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Leithner
orcid: 0000-0002-1073-744X
citation:
ama: Leithner AF. Branched actin networks in dendritic cell biology. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_998
apa: Leithner, A. F. (2018). Branched actin networks in dendritic cell biology.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_998
chicago: Leithner, Alexander F. “Branched Actin Networks in Dendritic Cell Biology.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_998.
ieee: A. F. Leithner, “Branched actin networks in dendritic cell biology,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Leithner AF. 2018. Branched actin networks in dendritic cell biology. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Leithner, Alexander F. Branched Actin Networks in Dendritic Cell Biology.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_998.
short: A.F. Leithner, Branched Actin Networks in Dendritic Cell Biology, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:49Z
date_published: 2018-04-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:39:44Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '571'
- '599'
- '610'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_998
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: d5e3edbac548c26c1fa43a4b37a54a4c
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T09:23:11Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:17Z
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file_id: '6219'
file_name: PhD_thesis_AlexLeithner_final_version.docx
file_size: 29027671
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checksum: 071f7476db29e41146824ebd0697cb10
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T09:23:11Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
embargo: 2019-04-15
file_id: '6220'
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file_size: 66045341
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file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '99'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7542'
pubrep_id: '998'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1321'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
title: Branched actin networks in dendritic cell biology
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '539'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The whole life cycle of plants as well as their responses to environmental
stimuli is governed by a complex network of hormonal regulations. A number of
studies have demonstrated an essential role of both auxin and cytokinin in the
regulation of many aspects of plant growth and development including embryogenesis,
postembryonic organogenic processes such as root, and shoot branching, root and
shoot apical meristem activity and phyllotaxis. Over the last decades essential
knowledge on the key molecular factors and pathways that spatio-temporally define
auxin and cytokinin activities in the plant body has accumulated. However, how
both hormonal pathways are interconnected by a complex network of interactions
and feedback circuits that determines the final outcome of the individual hormone
actions is still largely unknown. Root system architecture establishment and in
particular formation of lateral organs is prime example of developmental process
at whose regulation both auxin and cytokinin pathways converge. To dissect convergence
points and pathways that tightly balance auxin - cytokinin antagonistic activities
that determine the root branching pattern transcriptome profiling was applied.
Genome wide expression analyses of the xylem pole pericycle, a tissue giving rise
to lateral roots, led to identification of genes that are highly responsive to
combinatorial auxin and cytokinin treatments and play an essential function in
the auxin-cytokinin regulated root branching. SYNERGISTIC AUXIN CYTOKININ 1 (SYAC1)
gene, which encodes for a protein of unknown function, was detected among the
top candidate genes of which expression was synergistically up-regulated by simultaneous
hormonal treatment. Plants with modulated SYAC1 activity exhibit severe defects
in the root system establishment and attenuate developmental responses to both
auxin and cytokinin. To explore the biological function of the SYAC1, we employed
different strategies including expression pattern analysis, subcellular localization
and phenotypic analyses of the syac1 loss-of-function and gain-of-function transgenic
lines along with the identification of the SYAC1 interaction partners. Detailed
functional characterization revealed that SYAC1 acts as a developmentally specific
regulator of the secretory pathway to control deposition of cell wall components
and thereby rapidly fine tune elongation growth.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Andrej
full_name: Hurny, Andrej
id: 4DC4AF46-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hurny
orcid: 0000-0003-3638-1426
citation:
ama: Hurny A. Identification and characterization of novel auxin-cytokinin cross-talk
components. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_930
apa: Hurny, A. (2018). Identification and characterization of novel auxin-cytokinin
cross-talk components. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_930
chicago: Hurny, Andrej. “Identification and Characterization of Novel Auxin-Cytokinin
Cross-Talk Components.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_930.
ieee: A. Hurny, “Identification and characterization of novel auxin-cytokinin cross-talk
components,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Hurny A. 2018. Identification and characterization of novel auxin-cytokinin
cross-talk components. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Hurny, Andrej. Identification and Characterization of Novel Auxin-Cytokinin
Cross-Talk Components. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018,
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_930.
short: A. Hurny, Identification and Characterization of Novel Auxin-Cytokinin Cross-Talk
Components, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:47:03Z
date_published: 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:41:06Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: EvBe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_930
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 0c9d6d1c80d9857e6e545213467bbcb2
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T09:37:56Z
date_updated: 2020-12-02T23:30:08Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6226'
file_name: 2018_Hurny_thesis_source.docx
file_size: 28112114
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ecbe481a1413d270bd501b872c7ed54f
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T09:37:55Z
date_updated: 2020-12-02T09:52:16Z
embargo: 2019-07-10
file_id: '6227'
file_name: 2018_Hurny_thesis.pdf
file_size: 12524427
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-12-02T23:30:08Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '147'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7277'
pubrep_id: '930'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1024'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Eva
full_name: Benková, Eva
id: 38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Benková
orcid: 0000-0002-8510-9739
title: Identification and characterization of novel auxin-cytokinin cross-talk components
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '48'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The hippocampus is a key brain region for spatial memory and navigation and
is needed at all stages of memory, including encoding, consolidation, and recall.
Hippocampal place cells selectively discharge at specific locations of the environment
to form a cognitive map of the space. During the rest period and sleep following
spatial navigation and/or learning, the waking activity of the place cells is
reactivated within high synchrony events. This reactivation is thought to be important
for memory consolidation and stabilization of the spatial representations. The
aim of my thesis was to directly test whether the reactivation content encoded
in firing patterns of place cells is important for consolidation of spatial memories.
In particular, I aimed to test whether, in cases when multiple spatial memory
traces are acquired during learning, the specific disruption of the reactivation
of a subset of these memories leads to the selective disruption of the corresponding
memory traces or through memory interference the other learned memories are disrupted
as well. In this thesis, using a modified cheeseboard paradigm and a closed-loop
recording setup with feedback optogenetic stimulation, I examined how the disruption
of the reactivation of specific spiking patterns affects consolidation of the
corresponding memory traces. To obtain multiple distinctive memories, animals
had to perform a spatial task in two distinct cheeseboard environments and the
reactivation of spiking patterns associated with one of the environments (target)
was disrupted after learning during four hours rest period using a real-time decoding
method. This real-time decoding method was capable of selectively affecting the
firing rates and cofiring correlations of the target environment-encoding cells.
The selective disruption led to behavioural impairment in the memory tests after
the rest periods in the target environment but not in the other undisrupted control
environment. In addition, the map of the target environment was less stable in
the impaired memory tests compared to the learning session before than the map
of the control environment. However, when the animal relearned the task, the same
map recurred in the target environment that was present during learning before
the disruption. Altogether my work demonstrated that the reactivation content
is important: assembly-related disruption of reactivation can lead to a selective
memory impairment and deficiency in map stability. These findings indeed suggest
that reactivated assembly patterns reflect processes associated with the consolidation
of memory traces. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Gridchyn, Igor
id: 4B60654C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gridchyn
orcid: 0000-0002-1807-1929
citation:
ama: Gridchyn I. Reactivation content is important for consolidation of spatial
memory. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1042
apa: Gridchyn, I. (2018). Reactivation content is important for consolidation
of spatial memory. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1042
chicago: Gridchyn, Igor. “Reactivation Content Is Important for Consolidation of
Spatial Memory.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1042.
ieee: I. Gridchyn, “Reactivation content is important for consolidation of spatial
memory,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Gridchyn I. 2018. Reactivation content is important for consolidation of spatial
memory. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Gridchyn, Igor. Reactivation Content Is Important for Consolidation of Spatial
Memory. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1042.
short: I. Gridchyn, Reactivation Content Is Important for Consolidation of Spatial
Memory, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:21Z
date_published: 2018-08-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:42:44Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '573'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JoCs
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1042
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 7db4415e435590fa33542c7b0a0321d7
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T13:36:01Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:22Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6236'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Gridchyn_source.docx
file_size: 7666687
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f96f3fe8979f7b1e6db6acaca962b10c
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T13:36:01Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:18Z
embargo: 2019-08-29
file_id: '6237'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Gridchyn.pdf
file_size: 6034153
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:22Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '104'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8006'
pubrep_id: '1042'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jozsef L
full_name: Csicsvari, Jozsef L
id: 3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Csicsvari
orcid: 0000-0002-5193-4036
title: Reactivation content is important for consolidation of spatial memory
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '9'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Immune cells migrating to the sites of infection navigate through diverse
tissue architectures and switch their migratory mechanisms upon demand. However,
little is known about systemic regulators that could allow the acquisition of
these mechanisms. We performed a genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster to
identify regulators of germband invasion by embryonic macrophages into the confined
space between the ectoderm and mesoderm. We have found that bZIP circadian transcription
factors (TFs) Kayak (dFos) and Vrille (dNFIL3) have opposite effects on macrophage
germband infiltration: Kayak facilitated and Vrille inhibited it. These TFs are
enriched in the macrophages during migration and genetically interact to control
it. Kayak sets a less coordinated mode of migration of the macrophage group and
increases the probability and length of Levy walks. Intriguingly, the motility
of kayak mutant macrophages was also strongly affected during initial germband
invasion but not along another less confined route. Inhibiting Rho1 signaling
within the tail ectoderm partially rescued the Kayak mutant phenotype, strongly
suggesting that migrating macrophages have to overcome a barrier imposed by the
stiffness of the ectoderm. Also, Kayak appeared to be important for the maintenance
of the round cell shape and the rear edge translocation of the macrophages invading
the germband. Complementary to this, the cortical actin cytoskeleton of Kayak-
deficient macrophages was strongly affected. RNA sequencing revealed the filamin
Cheerio and tetraspanin TM4SF to be downstream of Kayak. Chromatin immunoprecipitation
and immunostaining revealed that the formin Diaphanous is another downstream target
of Kayak. Immunostaining revealed that the formin Diaphanous is another downstream
target of Kayak. Indeed, Cheerio, TM4SF and Diaphanous are required within macrophages
for germband invasion, and expression of constitutively active Diaphanous in macrophages
was able to rescue the kayak mutant phenotype. Moreover, Cher and Diaphanous are
also reduced in the macrophages overexpressing Vrille. We hypothesize that Kayak,
through its targets, increases actin polymerization and cortical tension in macrophages
and thus allows extra force generation necessary for macrophage dissemination
and migration through confined stiff tissues, while Vrille counterbalances it.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vera
full_name: Belyaeva, Vera
id: 47F080FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Belyaeva
citation:
ama: Belyaeva V. Transcriptional regulation of macrophage migration in the Drosophila
melanogaster embryo . 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1064
apa: Belyaeva, V. (2018). Transcriptional regulation of macrophage migration
in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo . Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1064
chicago: Belyaeva, Vera. “Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Migration in
the Drosophila Melanogaster Embryo .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1064.
ieee: V. Belyaeva, “Transcriptional regulation of macrophage migration in the Drosophila
melanogaster embryo ,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Belyaeva V. 2018. Transcriptional regulation of macrophage migration in the
Drosophila melanogaster embryo . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Belyaeva, Vera. Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Migration in the
Drosophila Melanogaster Embryo . Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1064.
short: V. Belyaeva, Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Migration in the Drosophila
Melanogaster Embryo , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:08Z
date_published: 2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:43:10Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: DaSi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1064
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: d27b2465cb70d0c9678a0381b9b6ced1
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T14:13:12Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:14Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6243'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Belyaeva_source.docx
file_size: 102737483
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: a2939b61bde2de7b8ced77bbae0eaaed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T14:14:08Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
embargo: 2019-11-19
file_id: '6244'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Belyaeva.pdf
file_size: 88077843
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '96'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8047'
pubrep_id: '1064'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Daria E
full_name: Siekhaus, Daria E
id: 3D224B9E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Siekhaus
orcid: 0000-0001-8323-8353
title: 'Transcriptional regulation of macrophage migration in the Drosophila melanogaster
embryo '
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '6266'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A major challenge in neuroscience research is to dissect the circuits that
orchestrate behavior in health and disease. Proteins from a wide range of non-mammalian
species, such as microbial opsins, have been successfully transplanted to specific
neuronal targets to override their natural communication patterns. The goal of
our work is to manipulate synaptic communication in a manner that closely incorporates
the functional intricacies of synapses by preserving temporal encoding (i.e. the
firing pattern of the presynaptic neuron) and connectivity (i.e. target specific
synapses rather than specific neurons). Our strategy to achieve this goal builds
on the use of non-mammalian transplants to create a synthetic synapse. The mode
of modulation comes from pre-synaptic uptake of a synthetic neurotransmitter (SN)
into synaptic vesicles by means of a genetically targeted transporter selective
for the SN. Upon natural vesicular release, exposure of the SN to the synaptic
cleft will modify the post-synaptic potential through an orthogonal ligand gated
ion channel. To achieve this goal we have functionally characterized a mixed cationic
methionine-gated ion channel from Arabidopsis thaliana, designed a method to functionally
characterize a synthetic transporter in isolated synaptic vesicles without the
need for transgenic animals, identified and extracted multiple prokaryotic uptake
systems that are substrate specific for methionine (Met), and established a primary/cell
line co-culture system that would allow future combinatorial testing of this orthogonal
transmitter-transporter-channel trifecta. Synthetic synapses will provide a unique
opportunity to manipulate synaptic communication while maintaining the electrophysiological
integrity of the pre-synaptic cell. In this way, information may be preserved
that was generated in upstream circuits and that could be essential for concerted
function and information processing. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Catherine
full_name: Mckenzie, Catherine
id: 3EEDE19A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mckenzie
citation:
ama: Mckenzie C. Design and characterization of methods and biological components
to realize synthetic neurotransmission . 2018. doi:10.15479/at:ista:th_1055
apa: Mckenzie, C. (2018). Design and characterization of methods and biological
components to realize synthetic neurotransmission . Institute of Science and
Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:th_1055
chicago: Mckenzie, Catherine. “Design and Characterization of Methods and Biological
Components to Realize Synthetic Neurotransmission .” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:th_1055.
ieee: C. Mckenzie, “Design and characterization of methods and biological components
to realize synthetic neurotransmission ,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
ista: Mckenzie C. 2018. Design and characterization of methods and biological components
to realize synthetic neurotransmission . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Mckenzie, Catherine. Design and Characterization of Methods and Biological
Components to Realize Synthetic Neurotransmission . Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/at:ista:th_1055.
short: C. Mckenzie, Design and Characterization of Methods and Biological Components
to Realize Synthetic Neurotransmission , Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2018.
date_created: 2019-04-09T14:13:39Z
date_published: 2018-10-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:02:37Z
day: '31'
ddc:
- '571'
- '573'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HaJa
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:th_1055
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 9d2c2dca04b00e485470c28b262af59a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T14:12:40Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
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date_created: 2019-04-09T14:12:40Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:25Z
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file_name: 2018_Thesis_McKenzie_source.docx
file_size: 5053545
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file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:16Z
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '95'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
pubrep_id: '1055'
related_material:
record:
- id: '7132'
relation: new_edition
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Harald L
full_name: Janovjak, Harald L
id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janovjak
orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
title: 'Design and characterization of methods and biological components to realize
synthetic neurotransmission '
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '50'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathway determines planar polarity
of epithelial cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The role that Wnt/PCP
signaling plays in mesenchymal contexts, however, is only poorly understood. While
previous studies have demonstrated the capacity of Wnt/PCP signaling to polarize
and guide directed migration of mesenchymal cells, it remains unclear whether
endogenous Wnt/PCP signaling performs these functions instructively, as it does
in epithelial cells. Here we developed a light-switchable version of the Wnt/PCP
receptor Frizzled 7 (Fz7) to unambiguously distinguish between an instructive
and a permissive role of Wnt/PCP signaling for the directional collective migration
of mesendoderm progenitor cells during zebrafish gastrulation. We show that prechordal
plate (ppl) cell migration is defective in maternal-zygotic fz7a and fz7b (MZ
fz7a,b) double mutant embryos, and that Fz7 functions cell-autonomously in this
process by promoting ppl cell protrusion formation and directed migration. We
further show that local activation of Fz7 can direct ppl cell migration both in
vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, however, uniform Fz7 activation is sufficient
to fully rescue the ppl cell migration defect in MZ fz7a,b mutant embryos, indicating
that Wnt/PCP signaling functions permissively rather than instructively in directed
mesendoderm cell migration during zebrafish gastrulation.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Capek, Daniel
id: 31C42484-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Capek
orcid: 0000-0001-5199-9940
citation:
ama: Capek D. Optogenetic Frizzled 7 reveals a permissive function of Wnt/PCP signaling
in directed mesenchymal cell migration. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1031
apa: Capek, D. (2018). Optogenetic Frizzled 7 reveals a permissive function of
Wnt/PCP signaling in directed mesenchymal cell migration. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1031
chicago: Capek, Daniel. “Optogenetic Frizzled 7 Reveals a Permissive Function of
Wnt/PCP Signaling in Directed Mesenchymal Cell Migration.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1031.
ieee: D. Capek, “Optogenetic Frizzled 7 reveals a permissive function of Wnt/PCP
signaling in directed mesenchymal cell migration,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
ista: Capek D. 2018. Optogenetic Frizzled 7 reveals a permissive function of Wnt/PCP
signaling in directed mesenchymal cell migration. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria.
mla: Capek, Daniel. Optogenetic Frizzled 7 Reveals a Permissive Function of Wnt/PCP
Signaling in Directed Mesenchymal Cell Migration. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1031.
short: D. Capek, Optogenetic Frizzled 7 Reveals a Permissive Function of Wnt/PCP
Signaling in Directed Mesenchymal Cell Migration, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:21Z
date_published: 2018-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:48:16Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '570'
- '591'
- '596'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_1031
file:
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content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T13:42:26Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:17Z
embargo: 2019-06-25
file_id: '6238'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Capek.pdf
file_size: 31576521
relation: main_file
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checksum: 876deb14067e638aba65d209668bd821
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-08T13:42:27Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:21Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6239'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Capek_source.docx
file_size: 38992956
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T23:30:21Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '95'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8004'
pubrep_id: '1031'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1100'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '661'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '676'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
title: Optogenetic Frizzled 7 reveals a permissive function of Wnt/PCP signaling in
directed mesenchymal cell migration
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '26'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Expression of genes is a fundamental molecular phenotype that is subject to
evolution by different types of mutations. Both the rate and the effect of mutations
may depend on the DNA sequence context of a particular gene or a particular promoter
sequence. In this thesis I investigate the nature of this dependence using simple
genetic systems in Escherichia coli. With these systems I explore the evolution
of constitutive gene expression from random starting sequences at different loci
on the chromosome and at different locations in sequence space. First, I dissect
chromosomal neighborhood effects that underlie locus-dependent differences in
the potential of a gene under selection to become more highly expressed. Next,
I find that the effects of point mutations in promoter sequences are dependent
on sequence context, and that an existing energy matrix model performs poorly
in predicting relative expression of unrelated sequences. Finally, I show that
a substantial fraction of random sequences contain functional promoters and I
present an extended thermodynamic model that predicts promoter strength in full
sequence space. Taken together, these results provide new insights and guides
on how to integrate information on sequence context to improve our qualitative
and quantitative understanding of bacterial gene expression, with implications
for rapid evolution of drug resistance, de novo evolution of genes, and horizontal
gene transfer.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Magdalena
full_name: Steinrück, Magdalena
id: 2C023F40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Steinrück
orcid: 0000-0003-1229-9719
citation:
ama: Steinrück M. The influence of sequence context on the evolution of bacterial
gene expression. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1059
apa: Steinrück, M. (2018). The influence of sequence context on the evolution
of bacterial gene expression. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1059
chicago: Steinrück, Magdalena. “The Influence of Sequence Context on the Evolution
of Bacterial Gene Expression.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1059.
ieee: M. Steinrück, “The influence of sequence context on the evolution of bacterial
gene expression,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Steinrück M. 2018. The influence of sequence context on the evolution of bacterial
gene expression. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Steinrück, Magdalena. The Influence of Sequence Context on the Evolution
of Bacterial Gene Expression. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1059.
short: M. Steinrück, The Influence of Sequence Context on the Evolution of Bacterial
Gene Expression, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:14Z
date_published: 2018-10-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:48:43Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '576'
- '579'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1059
file:
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checksum: 413cbce1cd1debeae3abe2a25dbc70d1
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-02-08T10:51:22Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:43Z
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file_id: '5941'
file_name: Thesis_Steinrueck_final.docx
file_size: 9190845
relation: source_file
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checksum: 3def8b7854c8b42d643597ce0215efac
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-02-08T10:51:22Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:14Z
embargo: 2019-11-02
file_id: '5942'
file_name: Thesis_Steinrueck_final.pdf
file_size: 7521973
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '109'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '8029'
pubrep_id: '1059'
related_material:
record:
- id: '704'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Calin C
full_name: Guet, Calin C
id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Guet
orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
title: The influence of sequence context on the evolution of bacterial gene expression
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '6263'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Antibiotic resistance can emerge spontaneously through genomic mutation and render
treatment ineffective. To counteract this process, in addition to the discovery and
description of resistance mechanisms,a deeper understanding of resistanceevolvabilityand
its determinantsis needed. To address this challenge, this thesisuncoversnew genetic
determinants of resistance evolvability using a customized robotic setup,
exploressystematic ways in which resistance evolution is perturbed due to
dose-responsecharacteristics of drugs and mutation rate differences,and mathematically investigates
the evolutionary fate of one specific type of evolvability modifier -a stress-induced
mutagenesis allele.We find severalgenes which strongly inhibit or potentiate resistance evolution. In order
to identify them, we first developedan automated high-throughput feedback-controlled
protocol whichkeeps the population size and selection pressure approximately constant
for hundreds of cultures by dynamically re-diluting the cultures and adjusting the antibiotic
concentration. We implementedthis protocol on a customized liquid handling robot and
propagated 100 different gene deletion strains of Escherichia coliin triplicate for over 100
generations in tetracycline and in chloramphenicol, and comparedtheir adaptation rates.We find a diminishing returns pattern, where initially sensitive strains adapted more
compared to less sensitive ones. Our data uncover that deletions of certain genes
which do not affect mutation rate,including efflux pump components, a chaperone and
severalstructural and regulatory genes can strongly and reproducibly alterresistance evolution.
Sequencing analysis of evolved populations indicates that epistasis with resistance
mutations is the most likelyexplanation. This work could inspire treatment strategies in
which targeted inhibitors of evolvability mechanisms will be given alongside antibiotics to
slow down resistance evolution and extend theefficacy of antibiotics.We implemented astochasticpopulation genetics model,
toverifyways in which general properties, namely, dose-response characteristics of drugs and mutation rates, influence
evolutionary dynamics. In particular, under the exposure to antibiotics with shallow dose-response curves,bacteria have narrower distributions of fitness effects of new mutations.
We show that in silicothis also leads to slower resistance evolution. We
see and confirm with experiments that increased mutation rates, apart from speeding
up evolution, also leadto high reproducibility of phenotypic adaptation in a context
of continually strong selection pressure.Knowledge of these patterns can aid in predicting the dynamics of antibiotic
resistance evolutionand adapting treatment schemes accordingly.Focusing on a previously described type of evolvability modifier
–a stress-induced mutagenesis allele –we find conditions under which it can persist in a population under
periodic selectionakin to clinical treatment. We set up a deterministic
infinite populationcontinuous time model tracking the frequencies of a mutator and resistance allele and
evaluate various treatment schemes in how well they maintain a stress-induced
mutator allele. In particular,a high diversity of stresses is crucial for the persistence
of the mutator allele. This leads to a general trade-off where exactly those
diversifying treatment schemes which are likely to decrease levels of resistance could lead to stronger selection of highly
evolvable genotypes.In the long run, this work will lead to a deeper understanding of the genetic and cellular
mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance evolution and could inspire new strategies
for slowing down its rate. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: LifeSc
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marta
full_name: Lukacisinova, Marta
id: 4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lukacisinova
orcid: 0000-0002-2519-8004
citation:
ama: Lukacisinova M. Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance evolution. 2018.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1072
apa: Lukacisinova, M. (2018). Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance evolution.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1072
chicago: Lukacisinova, Marta. “Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance Evolution.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1072.
ieee: M. Lukacisinova, “Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance evolution,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
ista: Lukacisinova M. 2018. Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance evolution.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Lukacisinova, Marta. Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance Evolution.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1072.
short: M. Lukacisinova, Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance Evolution,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018.
date_created: 2019-04-09T13:57:15Z
date_published: 2018-12-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-22T09:20:37Z
day: '28'
ddc:
- '570'
- '576'
- '579'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ToBo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1072
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: fc60585c9eaad868ac007004ef130908
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T13:49:24Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:17Z
embargo: 2020-01-25
file_id: '6264'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Lukacisinova.pdf
file_size: 5656866
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 264057ec0a92ab348cc83b41f021ba92
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T13:49:23Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:25Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6265'
file_name: 2018_Thesis_Lukacisinova_source.docx
file_size: 5168054
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '91'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '1619'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '696'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1027'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
title: Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance evolution
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '1155'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This dissertation concerns the automatic verification of probabilistic systems
and programs with arrays by statistical and logical methods. Although statistical
and logical methods are different in nature, we show that they can be successfully
combined for system analysis. In the first part of the dissertation we present
a new statistical algorithm for the verification of probabilistic systems with
respect to unbounded properties, including linear temporal logic. Our algorithm
often performs faster than the previous approaches, and at the same time requires
less information about the system. In addition, our method can be generalized
to unbounded quantitative properties such as mean-payoff bounds. In the second
part, we introduce two techniques for comparing probabilistic systems. Probabilistic
systems are typically compared using the notion of equivalence, which requires
the systems to have the equal probability of all behaviors. However, this notion
is often too strict, since probabilities are typically only empirically estimated,
and any imprecision may break the relation between processes. On the one hand,
we propose to replace the Boolean notion of equivalence by a quantitative distance
of similarity. For this purpose, we introduce a statistical framework for estimating
distances between Markov chains based on their simulation runs, and we investigate
which distances can be approximated in our framework. On the other hand, we propose
to compare systems with respect to a new qualitative logic, which expresses that
behaviors occur with probability one or a positive probability. This qualitative
analysis is robust with respect to modeling errors and applicable to many domains.
In the last part, we present a new quantifier-free logic for integer arrays, which
allows us to express counting. Counting properties are prevalent in array-manipulating
programs, however they cannot be expressed in the quantified fragments of the
theory of arrays. We present a decision procedure for our logic, and provide several
complexity results.
acknowledgement: ' First of all, I want to thank my advisor, prof. Thomas A. Henzinger,
for his guidance during my PhD program. I am grateful for the freedom I was given
to pursue my research interests, and his continuous support. Working with prof.
Henzinger was a truly inspiring experience and taught me what it means to be a scientist.
I want to express my gratitude to my collaborators: Nikola Beneš, Krishnendu Chatterjee,
Martin Chmelík, Ashutosh Gupta, Willibald Krenn, Jan Kˇretínský, Dejan Nickovic,
Andrey Kupriyanov, and Tatjana Petrov. I have learned a great deal from my collaborators,
and without their help this thesis would not be possible. In addition, I want to
thank the members of my thesis committee: Dirk Beyer, Dejan Nickovic, and Georg
Weissenbacher for their advice and reviewing this dissertation. I would especially
like to acknowledge the late Helmut Veith, who was a member of my committee. I will
remember Helmut for his kindness, enthusiasm, and wit, as well as for being an inspiring
scientist. Finally, I would like to thank my colleagues for making my stay at IST
such a pleasant experience: Guy Avni, Sergiy Bogomolov, Ventsislav Chonev, Rasmus
Ibsen-Jensen, Mirco Giacobbe, Bernhard Kragl, Hui Kong, Petr Novotný, Jan Otop,
Andreas Pavlogiannis, Tantjana Petrov, Arjun Radhakrishna, Jakob Ruess, Thorsten
Tarrach, as well as other members of groups Henzinger and Chatterjee. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Przemyslaw
full_name: Daca, Przemyslaw
id: 49351290-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Daca
citation:
ama: Daca P. Statistical and logical methods for property checking. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_730
apa: Daca, P. (2017). Statistical and logical methods for property checking.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_730
chicago: Daca, Przemyslaw. “Statistical and Logical Methods for Property Checking.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_730.
ieee: P. Daca, “Statistical and logical methods for property checking,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Daca P. 2017. Statistical and logical methods for property checking. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Daca, Przemyslaw. Statistical and Logical Methods for Property Checking.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_730.
short: P. Daca, Statistical and Logical Methods for Property Checking, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:27Z
date_published: 2017-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:58:34Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '004'
- '005'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_730
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1406a681cb737508234fde34766be2c2
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:11:26Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:34Z
file_id: '4880'
file_name: IST-2017-730-v1+1_Statistical_and_Logical_Methods_for_Property_Checking.pdf
file_size: 1028586
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '163'
project:
- _id: 25EE3708-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '267989'
name: Quantitative Reactive Modeling
- _id: 25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Z211
name: The Wittgenstein Prize
- _id: 25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: S 11407_N23
name: Rigorous Systems Engineering
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6203'
pubrep_id: '730'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1093'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1230'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1234'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1391'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1501'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1502'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '2063'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '2167'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
title: Statistical and logical methods for property checking
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '6291'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Bacteria and their pathogens – phages – are the most abundant living entities
on Earth. Throughout their coevolution, bacteria have evolved multiple immune
systems to overcome the ubiquitous threat from the phages. Although the molecu-
lar details of these immune systems’ functions are relatively well understood,
their epidemiological consequences for the phage-bacterial communities have been
largely neglected. In this thesis we employed both experimental and theoretical
methods to explore whether herd and social immunity may arise in bacterial popu-
lations. Using our experimental system consisting of Escherichia coli strains
with a CRISPR based immunity to the T7 phage we show that herd immunity arises
in phage-bacterial communities and that it is accentuated when the populations
are spatially structured. By fitting a mathematical model, we inferred expressions
for the herd immunity threshold and the velocity of spread of a phage epidemic
in partially resistant bacterial populations, which both depend on the bacterial
growth rate, phage burst size and phage latent period. We also investigated the
poten- tial for social immunity in Streptococcus thermophilus and its phage 2972
using a bioinformatic analysis of potentially coding short open reading frames
with a signalling signature, encoded within the CRISPR associated genes. Subsequently,
we tested one identified potentially signalling peptide and found that its addition
to a phage-challenged culture increases probability of survival of bacteria two
fold, although the results were only marginally significant. Together, these results
demonstrate that the ubiquitous arms races between bacteria and phages have further
consequences at the level of the population.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Pavel
full_name: Payne, Pavel
id: 35F78294-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Payne
orcid: 0000-0002-2711-9453
citation:
ama: Payne P. Bacterial herd and social immunity to phages. 2017.
apa: Payne, P. (2017). Bacterial herd and social immunity to phages. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Payne, Pavel. “Bacterial Herd and Social Immunity to Phages.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ieee: P. Payne, “Bacterial herd and social immunity to phages,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Payne P. 2017. Bacterial herd and social immunity to phages. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Payne, Pavel. Bacterial Herd and Social Immunity to Phages. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
short: P. Payne, Bacterial Herd and Social Immunity to Phages, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2019-04-09T15:16:45Z
date_published: 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:00:00Z
day: '01'
ddc:
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degree_awarded: PhD
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publication_identifier:
issn:
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publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jonathan P
full_name: Bollback, Jonathan P
id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollback
orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
title: Bacterial herd and social immunity to phages
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '818'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Antibiotics have diverse effects on bacteria, including massive changes in
bacterial gene expression. Whereas the gene expression changes under many antibiotics
have been measured, the temporal organization of these responses and their dependence
on the bacterial growth rate are unclear. As described in Chapter 1, we quantified
the temporal gene expression changes in the bacterium Escherichia coli in response
to the sudden exposure to antibiotics using a fluorescent reporter library and
a robotic system. Our data show temporally structured gene expression responses,
with response times for individual genes ranging from tens of minutes to several
hours. We observed that many stress response genes were activated in response
to antibiotics. As certain stress responses cross-protect bacteria from other
stressors, we then asked whether cellular responses to antibiotics have a similar
protective role in Chapter 2. Indeed, we found that the trimethoprim-induced acid
stress response protects bacteria from subsequent acid stress. We combined microfluidics
with time-lapse imaging to monitor survival, intracellular pH, and acid stress
response in single cells. This approach revealed that the variable expression
of the acid resistance operon gadBC strongly correlates with single-cell survival
time. Cells with higher gadBC expression following trimethoprim maintain higher
intracellular pH and survive the acid stress longer. Overall, we provide a way
to identify single-cell cross-protection between antibiotics and environmental
stressors from temporal gene expression data, and show how antibiotics can increase
bacterial fitness in changing environments. While gene expression changes to antibiotics
show a clear temporal structure at the population-level, it is unclear whether
this clear temporal order is followed by every single cell. Using dual-reporter
strains described in Chapter 3, we measured gene expression dynamics of promoter
pairs in the same cells using microfluidics and microscopy. Chapter 4 shows that
the oxidative stress response and the DNA stress response showed little timing
variability and a clear temporal order under the antibiotic nitrofurantoin. In
contrast, the acid stress response under trimethoprim ran independently from all
other activated response programs including the DNA stress response, which showed
particularly high timing variability in this stress condition. In summary, this
approach provides insight into the temporal organization of gene expression programs
at the single-cell level and suggests dependencies between response programs and
the underlying variability-introducing mechanisms. Altogether, this work advances
our understanding of the diverse effects that antibiotics have on bacteria. These
results were obtained by taking into account gene expression dynamics, which allowed
us to identify general principles, molecular mechanisms, and dependencies between
genes. Our findings may have implications for infectious disease treatments, and
microbial communities in the human body and in nature. '
acknowledgement: 'First of all, I would like to express great gratitude to my PhD
supervisor Tobias Bollenbach. Through his open and trusting attitude I had the freedom
to explore different scientific directions during this project, and follow the research
lines of my interest. I am thankful for constructive and often extensive discussions
and his support and commitment during the different stages of my PhD. I want to
thank my committee members, Călin Guet, Terry Hwa and Nassos Typas for their interest
and their valuable input to this project. Special thanks to Nassos for career guidance,
and for accepting me in his lab. A big thank you goes to the past, present and affiliated
members of the Bollenbach group: Guillaume Chevereau, Marjon de Vos, Marta Lukačišinová,
Veronika Bierbaum, Qi Qin, Marcin Zagórski, Martin Lukačišin, Andreas Angermayr,
Bor Kavčič, Julia Tischler, Dilay Ayhan, Jaroslav Ferenc, and Georg Rieckh. I enjoyed
working and discussing with you very much and I will miss our lengthy group meetings,
our inspiring journal clubs, and our common lunches. Special thanks to Bor for great
mental and professional support during the hard months of thesis writing, and to
Marta for very creative times during the beginning of our PhDs. May the ‘Bacterial
Survival Guide’ decorate the walls of IST forever! A great thanks to my friend and
collaborator Georg Rieckh for his enthusiasm and for getting so involved in these
projects, for his endurance and for his company throughout the years. Thanks to
the FriSBi crowd at IST Austria for interesting meetings and discussions. In particular
I want to thank Magdalena Steinrück, and Anna Andersson for inspiring exchange,
and enjoyable time together. Thanks to everybody who contributed to the cover for
Cell Systems: The constructive input from Tobias Bollenbach, Bor Kavčič, Georg Rieckh,
Marta Lukačišinová, and Sebastian Nozzi, and the professional implementation by
the graphic designer Martina Markus from the University of Cologne. Thanks to all
my office mates in the first floor Bertalanffy building throughout the years: for
ensuring a pleasant working atmosphere, and for your company! In general, I want
to thank all the people that make IST such a great environment, with the many possibilities
to shape our own social and research environment. I want to thank my family for
all kind of practical support during the years, and my second family in Argentina
for their enthusiasm. Thanks to my brother Bernhard and my sister Martina for being
great siblings, and to Helena and Valentin for the joy you brought to my life. My
deep gratitude goes to Sebastian Nozzi, for constant support, patience, love and
for believing in me. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Karin
full_name: Mitosch, Karin
id: 39B66846-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mitosch
citation:
ama: Mitosch K. Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights
from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862
apa: Mitosch, K. (2017). Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria
– insights from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862
chicago: Mitosch, Karin. “Timing, Variability and Cross-Protection in Bacteria –
Insights from Dynamic Gene Expression Responses to Antibiotics.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862.
ieee: K. Mitosch, “Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights
from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics,” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Mitosch K. 2017. Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights
from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Mitosch, Karin. Timing, Variability and Cross-Protection in Bacteria – Insights
from Dynamic Gene Expression Responses to Antibiotics. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862.
short: K. Mitosch, Timing, Variability and Cross-Protection in Bacteria – Insights
from Dynamic Gene Expression Responses to Antibiotics, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:40Z
date_published: 2017-09-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:00:26Z
day: '27'
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- '579'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
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doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862
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- id: '666'
relation: part_of_dissertation
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status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Mark Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
title: Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights from dynamic
gene expression responses to antibiotics
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '821'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This dissertation focuses on algorithmic aspects of program verification,
and presents modeling and complexity advances on several problems related to the\r\nstatic
analysis of programs, the stateless model checking of concurrent programs, and
the competitive analysis of real-time scheduling algorithms.\r\nOur contributions
can be broadly grouped into five categories.\r\n\r\nOur first contribution is
a set of new algorithms and data structures for the quantitative and data-flow
analysis of programs, based on the graph-theoretic notion of treewidth.\r\nIt
has been observed that the control-flow graphs of typical programs have special
structure, and are characterized as graphs of small treewidth.\r\nWe utilize this
structural property to provide faster algorithms for the quantitative and data-flow
analysis of recursive and concurrent programs.\r\nIn most cases we make an algebraic
treatment of the considered problem,\r\nwhere several interesting analyses, such
as the reachability, shortest path, and certain kind of data-flow analysis problems
follow as special cases. \r\nWe exploit the constant-treewidth property to obtain
algorithmic improvements for on-demand versions of the problems, \r\nand provide
data structures with various tradeoffs between the resources spent in the preprocessing
and querying phase.\r\nWe also improve on the algorithmic complexity of quantitative
problems outside the algebraic path framework,\r\nnamely of the minimum mean-payoff,
minimum ratio, and minimum initial credit for energy problems.\r\n\r\n\r\nOur
second contribution is a set of algorithms for Dyck reachability with applications
to data-dependence analysis and alias analysis.\r\nIn particular, we develop an
optimal algorithm for Dyck reachability on bidirected graphs, which are ubiquitous
in context-insensitive, field-sensitive points-to analysis.\r\nAdditionally, we
develop an efficient algorithm for context-sensitive data-dependence analysis
via Dyck reachability,\r\nwhere the task is to obtain analysis summaries of library
code in the presence of callbacks.\r\nOur algorithm preprocesses libraries in
almost linear time, after which the contribution of the library in the complexity
of the client analysis is (i)~linear in the number of call sites and (ii)~only
logarithmic in the size of the whole library, as opposed to linear in the size
of the whole library.\r\nFinally, we prove that Dyck reachability is Boolean Matrix
Multiplication-hard in general, and the hardness also holds for graphs of constant
treewidth.\r\nThis hardness result strongly indicates that there exist no combinatorial
algorithms for Dyck reachability with truly subcubic complexity.\r\n\r\n\r\nOur
third contribution is the formalization and algorithmic treatment of the Quantitative
Interprocedural Analysis framework.\r\nIn this framework, the transitions of a
recursive program are annotated as good, bad or neutral, and receive a weight
which measures\r\nthe magnitude of their respective effect.\r\nThe Quantitative
Interprocedural Analysis problem asks to determine whether there exists an infinite
run of the program where the long-run ratio of the bad weights over the good weights
is above a given threshold.\r\nWe illustrate how several quantitative problems
related to static analysis of recursive programs can be instantiated in this framework,\r\nand
present some case studies to this direction.\r\n\r\n\r\nOur fourth contribution
is a new dynamic partial-order reduction for the stateless model checking of concurrent
programs. Traditional approaches rely on the standard Mazurkiewicz equivalence
between traces, by means of partitioning the trace space into equivalence classes,
and attempting to explore a few representatives from each class.\r\nWe present
a new dynamic partial-order reduction method called the Data-centric Partial
Order Reduction (DC-DPOR).\r\nOur algorithm is based on a new equivalence between
traces, called the observation equivalence.\r\nDC-DPOR explores a coarser partitioning
of the trace space than any exploration method based on the standard Mazurkiewicz
equivalence.\r\nDepending on the program, the new partitioning can be even exponentially
coarser.\r\nAdditionally, DC-DPOR spends only polynomial time in each explored
class.\r\n\r\n\r\nOur fifth contribution is the use of automata and game-theoretic
verification techniques in the competitive analysis and synthesis of real-time
scheduling algorithms for firm-deadline tasks.\r\nOn the analysis side, we leverage
automata on infinite words to compute the competitive ratio of real-time schedulers
subject to various environmental constraints.\r\nOn the synthesis side, we introduce
a new instance of two-player mean-payoff partial-information games, and show\r\nhow
the synthesis of an optimal real-time scheduler can be reduced to computing winning
strategies in this new type of games."
acknowledgement: "First, I am thankful to my advisor, Krishnendu Chatterjee, for offering
me the opportunity to\r\nmaterialize my scientific curiosity in a remarkably wide
range of interesting topics, as well as for his constant availability and continuous
support throughout my doctoral studies. I have had the privilege of collaborating
with, discussing and getting inspired by all members of my committee: Thomas A.
Henzinger, Ulrich Schmid and Martin A. Nowak. The role of the above four people
has been very instrumental both to the research carried out for this dissertation,
and to the researcher I evolved to in the process.\r\nI have greatly enjoyed my
numerous brainstorming sessions with Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen, many\r\nof which led to
results on low-treewidth graphs presented here. I thank Alex Kößler for our\r\ndiscussions
on modeling and analyzing real-time scheduling algorithms, Yaron Velner for our\r\ncollaboration
on the Quantitative Interprocedural Analysis framework, and Nishant Sinha for our
initial discussions on partial order reduction techniques in stateless model checking.
I also thank Jan Otop, Ben Adlam, Bernhard Kragl and Josef Tkadlec for our fruitful
collaborations on\r\ntopics outside the scope of this dissertation, as well as the
interns Prateesh Goyal, Amir Kafshdar Goharshady, Samarth Mishra, Bhavya Choudhary
and Marek Chalupa, with whom I have shared my excitement on various research topics.
Together with my collaborators, I thank officemates and members of the Chatterjee
and Henzinger groups throughout the years, Thorsten Tarrach, Ventsi Chonev, Roopsha
Samanta, Przemek Daca, Mirco Giacobbe, Tanja Petrov, Ashutosh\r\nGupta, Arjun Radhakrishna,
\ Petr Novontý, Christian Hilbe, Jakob Ruess, Martin Chmelik,\r\nCezara Dragoi,
Johannes Reiter, Andrey Kupriyanov, Guy Avni, Sasha Rubin, Jessica Davies, Hongfei
Fu, Thomas Ferrère, Pavol Cerný, Ali Sezgin, Jan Kretínský, Sergiy Bogomolov, Hui\r\nKong,
Benjamin Aminof, Duc-Hiep Chu, and Damien Zufferey. Besides collaborations and
office spaces, with many of the above people I have been fortunate to share numerous
whiteboard\r\ndiscussions, as well as memorable long walks and amicable meals accompanied
by stimulating\r\nconversations. I am highly indebted to Elisabeth Hacker for her
continuous assistance in matters\r\nthat often exceeded her official duties, and
who made my integration in Austria a smooth process."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Andreas
full_name: Pavlogiannis, Andreas
id: 49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pavlogiannis
orcid: 0000-0002-8943-0722
citation:
ama: Pavlogiannis A. Algorithmic advances in program analysis and their applications.
2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_854
apa: Pavlogiannis, A. (2017). Algorithmic advances in program analysis and their
applications. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_854
chicago: Pavlogiannis, Andreas. “Algorithmic Advances in Program Analysis and Their
Applications.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_854.
ieee: A. Pavlogiannis, “Algorithmic advances in program analysis and their applications,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Pavlogiannis A. 2017. Algorithmic advances in program analysis and their applications.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Pavlogiannis, Andreas. Algorithmic Advances in Program Analysis and Their
Applications. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_854.
short: A. Pavlogiannis, Algorithmic Advances in Program Analysis and Their Applications,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:41Z
date_published: 2017-08-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:01:59Z
day: '09'
ddc:
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degree_awarded: PhD
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project:
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call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P 23499-N23
name: Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification
- _id: 25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: S 11407_N23
name: Rigorous Systems Engineering
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call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '279307'
name: 'Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications'
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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- id: '1071'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1437'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1602'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1604'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1607'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1714'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Krishnendu
full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Chatterjee
orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
title: Algorithmic advances in program analysis and their applications
tmp:
image: /image/cc_by_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-ND (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
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...
---
_id: '820'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The lac operon is a classic model system for bacterial gene regulation, and
has been studied extensively in E. coli, a classic model organism. However, not
much is known about E. coli’s ecology and life outside the laboratory, in particular
in soil and water environments. The natural diversity of the lac operon outside
the laboratory, its role in the ecology of E. coli and the selection pressures
it is exposed to, are similarly unknown.\r\nIn Chapter Two of this thesis, I explore
the genetic diversity, phylogenetic history and signatures of selection of the
lac operon across 20 natural isolates of E. coli and divergent clades of Escherichia.
I found that complete lac operons were present in all isolates examined, which
in all but one case were functional. The lac operon phylogeny conformed to the
whole-genome phylogeny of the divergent Escherichia clades, which excludes horizontal
gene transfer as an explanation for the presence of functional lac operons in
these clades. All lac operon genes showed a signature of purifying selection;
this signature was strongest for the lacY gene. Lac operon genes of human and
environmental isolates showed similar signatures of selection, except the lacZ
gene, which showed a stronger signature of selection in environmental isolates.\r\nIn
Chapter Three, I try to identify the natural genetic variation relevant for phenotype
and fitness in the lac operon, comparing growth rate on lactose and LacZ activity
of the lac operons of these wild isolates in a common genetic background. Sequence
variation in the lac promoter region, upstream of the -10 and -35 RNA polymerase
binding motif, predicted variation in LacZ activity at full induction, using a
thermodynamic model of polymerase binding (Tugrul, 2016). However, neither variation
in LacZ activity, nor RNA polymerase binding predicted by the model correlated
with variation in growth rate. Lac operons of human and environmental isolates
did not differ systematically in either growth rate on lactose or LacZ protein
activity, suggesting that these lac operons have been exposed to similar selection
pressures. We thus have no evidence that the phenotypic variation we measured
is relevant for fitness.\r\nTo start assessing the effect of genomic background
on the growth phenotype conferred by the lac operon, I compared growth on minimal
medium with lactose between lac operon constructs and the corresponding original
isolates, I found that maximal growth rate was determined by genomic background,
with almost all backgrounds conferring higher growth rates than lab strain K12
MG1655. However, I found no evidence that the lactose concentration at which growth
was half maximal depended on genomic background."
acknowledgement: "ERC H2020 programme (grant agreement no. 648440)\r\nThanks to Jon
Bollback for giving me the chance to do this work, for sharing the ideas that lay
at the basis of this work, for his honesty and openness, showing himself to me as
a person and not just as a boss. Thanks to Nick Barton for his guidance at the last
stage, reading and commenting extensively on several versions of this manuscript,
and for his encouragement; thanks to both Jon and Nick for their kindness and patience.
Thanks to Erik van Nimwegen and Calin Guet for their time and willingness to be
in my thesis committee, and to Erik van Nimwegen especially for agreeing to enter
my thesis committee at the last moment, and for his very sharp, helpful and relevant
comments during and after the defense. Thanks to my collaborators and discussion
partners: Anne Kupczok, for her guidance, ideas and discussions during the construction
of the manuscript of Chapter Two, and her comments on the manuscript; Georg Rieckh
for making me aware of the issue of parameter identifiability, suggesting how to
solve it, and for his unfortunate idea to start the plasmid enterprise in the first
place; Murat Tugrul for sharing his model, for his enthusiasm, and his comments
on Chapter Three; Srdjan Sarikas for his collaboration on the Monod model fitting,
fast forwarding the analysis to turbo speed and making beautiful figures, and making
the discussion fun on top of it all; Vanessa Barone for her last minute comments,
especially on Chapter Three, providing a sharp and very helpful experimentalist
perspective at the last moment; Maros Pleska and Marjon de Vos for their comments
on the manuscript of Chapter Two; Gasper Tkacik for his crucial input on the relation
between growth rate and lactose concentration; Bor Kavcic for his input on growth
rate modeling and error propagation. Thanks to the Bollback, Bollenbach, Barton,
Guet and Tkacik group members for both pro- viding an inspiring and supportive scientific
environment to work in, as well as a lot of warmth and colour to everyday life.
And thanks to the friends I found here, to the people who were there for me and
to the people who changed my life, making it stranger and more beautiful than I
could have imagined, Maros, Vanessa, Tade, Suzi, Andrej, Peter, Tiago, Kristof,
Karin, Irene, Misha, Mato, Guillaume and Zanin. "
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Fabienne
full_name: Jesse, Fabienne
id: 4C8C26A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jesse
citation:
ama: Jesse F. The lac operon in the wild. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_857
apa: Jesse, F. (2017). The lac operon in the wild. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_857
chicago: Jesse, Fabienne. “The Lac Operon in the Wild.” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_857.
ieee: F. Jesse, “The lac operon in the wild,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2017.
ista: Jesse F. 2017. The lac operon in the wild. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria.
mla: Jesse, Fabienne. The Lac Operon in the Wild. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_857.
short: F. Jesse, The Lac Operon in the Wild, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:41Z
date_published: 2017-08-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:01:21Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '576'
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degree_awarded: PhD
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doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_857
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '87'
project:
- _id: 2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '648440'
name: Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6829'
pubrep_id: '857'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jonathan P
full_name: Bollback, Jonathan P
id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollback
orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612
title: The lac operon in the wild
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '838'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In this thesis we discuss the exact security of message authentications codes
HMAC , NMAC , and PMAC . NMAC is a mode of operation which turns a fixed input-length
keyed hash function f into a variable input-length function. A practical single-key
variant of NMAC called HMAC is a very popular and widely deployed message authentication
code (MAC). PMAC is a block-cipher based mode of operation, which also happens
to be the most famous fully parallel MAC. NMAC was introduced by Bellare, Canetti
and Krawczyk Crypto’96, who proved it to be a secure pseudorandom function (PRF),
and thus also a MAC, under two assumptions. Unfortunately, for many instantiations
of HMAC one of them has been found to be wrong. To restore the provable guarantees
for NMAC , Bellare [Crypto’06] showed its security without this assumption. PMAC
was introduced by Black and Rogaway at Eurocrypt 2002. If instantiated with a
pseudorandom permutation over n -bit strings, PMAC constitutes a provably secure
variable input-length PRF. For adversaries making q queries, each of length at
most ` (in n -bit blocks), and of total length σ ≤ q` , the original paper proves
an upper bound on the distinguishing advantage of O ( σ 2 / 2 n ), while the currently
best bound is O ( qσ/ 2 n ). In this work we show that this bound is tight by
giving an attack with advantage Ω( q 2 `/ 2 n ). In the PMAC construction one
initially XORs a mask to every message block, where the mask for the i th block
is computed as τ i := γ i · L , where L is a (secret) random value, and γ i is
the i -th codeword of the Gray code. Our attack applies more generally to any
sequence of γ i ’s which contains a large coset of a subgroup of GF (2 n ). As
for NMAC , our first contribution is a simpler and uniform proof: If f is an ε
-secure PRF (against q queries) and a δ - non-adaptively secure PRF (against q
queries), then NMAC f is an ( ε + `qδ )-secure PRF against q queries of length
at most ` blocks each. We also show that this ε + `qδ bound is basically tight
by constructing an f for which an attack with advantage `qδ exists. Moreover,
we analyze the PRF-security of a modification of NMAC called NI by An and Bellare
that avoids the constant rekeying on multi-block messages in NMAC and allows for
an information-theoretic analysis. We carry out such an analysis, obtaining a
tight `q 2 / 2 c bound for this step, improving over the trivial bound of ` 2
q 2 / 2 c . Finally, we investigate, if the security of PMAC can be further improved
by using τ i ’s that are k -wise independent, for k > 1 (the original has k
= 1). We observe that the security of PMAC will not increase in general if k =
2, and then prove that the security increases to O ( q 2 / 2 n ), if the k = 4.
Due to simple extension attacks, this is the best bound one can hope for, using
any distribution on the masks. Whether k = 3 is already sufficient to get this
level of security is left as an open problem. Keywords: Message authentication
codes, Pseudorandom functions, HMAC, PMAC. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Michal
full_name: Rybar, Michal
id: 2B3E3DE8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rybar
citation:
ama: Rybar M. (The exact security of) Message authentication codes. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_828
apa: Rybar, M. (2017). (The exact security of) Message authentication codes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_828
chicago: Rybar, Michal. “(The Exact Security of) Message Authentication Codes.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_828.
ieee: M. Rybar, “(The exact security of) Message authentication codes,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Rybar M. 2017. (The exact security of) Message authentication codes. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Rybar, Michal. (The Exact Security of) Message Authentication Codes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_828.
short: M. Rybar, (The Exact Security of) Message Authentication Codes, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:46Z
date_published: 2017-06-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:02:28Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_828
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issn:
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6810'
pubrep_id: '828'
related_material:
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- id: '2082'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6196'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
title: (The exact security of) Message authentication codes
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '837'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The hippocampus is a key brain region for memory and notably for spatial
memory, and is needed for both spatial working and reference memories. Hippocampal
place cells selectively discharge in specific locations of the environment to
form mnemonic represen tations of space. Several behavioral protocols have been
designed to test spatial memory which requires the experimental subject to utilize
working memory and reference memory. However, less is known about how these memory
traces are presented in the hippo campus, especially considering tasks that require
both spatial working and long -term reference memory demand. The aim of my thesis
was to elucidate how spatial working memory, reference memory, and the combination
of both are represented in the hippocampus. In this thesis, using a radial eight
-arm maze, I examined how the combined demand on these memories influenced place
cell assemblies while reference memories were partially updated by changing some
of the reward- arms. This was contrasted with task varian ts requiring working
or reference memories only. Reference memory update led to gradual place field
shifts towards the rewards on the switched arms. Cells developed enhanced firing
in passes between newly -rewarded arms as compared to those containing an unchanged
reward. The working memory task did not show such gradual changes. Place assemblies
on occasions replayed trajectories of the maze; at decision points the next arm
choice was preferentially replayed in tasks needing reference memory while in
the pure working memory task the previously visited arm was replayed. Hence trajectory
replay only reflected the decision of the animal in tasks needing reference memory
update. At the reward locations, in all three tasks outbound trajectories of the
current arm were preferentially replayed, showing the animals’ next path to the
center. At reward locations trajectories were replayed preferentially in reverse
temporal order. Moreover, in the center reverse replay was seen in the working
memory task but in the other tasks forward replay was seen. Hence, the direction
of reactivation was determined by the goal locations so that part of the trajectory
which was closer to the goal was reactivated later in an HSE while places further
away from the goal were reactivated earlier. Altogether my work demonstrated that
reference memory update triggers several levels of reorganization of the hippocampal
cognitive map which are not seen in simpler working memory demand s. Moreover,
hippocampus is likely to be involved in spatial decisions through reactivating
planned trajectories when reference memory recall is required for such a decision. '
acknowledgement: 'I am very grateful for the opportunity I have had as a graduate
student to explore and incredibly interesting branch of neuroscience, and for the
people who made it possible. Firstly, I would like to offer my thanks to my supervisor
Professor Jozsef Csicsvari for his great support, guidance and patience offered
over the years. The door to his office was always open whenever I had questions.
I have learned a lot from him about carefully designing experiments, asking interesting
questions and how to integrate results into a broader picture. I also express my
gratitude to the remarkable post- doc , Dr. Joseph O’Neill. He is a gre at scientific
role model who is always willing to teach , and advice and talk through problems
with his full attention. Many thanks to my wonderful “office mates” over the years
and their support and encouragement, Alice Avernhe, Philipp Schönenberger, Desiree
Dickerson, Karel Blahna, Charlotte Boccara, Igor Gridchyn, Peter Baracskay, Krisztián
Kovács, Dámaris Rangel, Karola Käfer and Federico Stella. They were the ones in
the lab for the many useful discussions about science and for making the laboratory
such a nice and friendly place to work in. A special thank goes to Michael LoBianco
and Jago Wallenschus for wonderful technical support. I would also like to thank
Professor Peter Jonas and Professor David M Bannerman for being my qualifying exam
and thesi s committee members despite their busy schedule. I am also very thankful
to IST Austria for their support all throughout my PhD. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Haibing
full_name: Xu, Haibing
id: 310349D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Xu
citation:
ama: Xu H. Reactivation of the hippocampal cognitive map in goal-directed spatial
tasks. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_858
apa: Xu, H. (2017). Reactivation of the hippocampal cognitive map in goal-directed
spatial tasks. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_858
chicago: Xu, Haibing. “Reactivation of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Goal-Directed
Spatial Tasks.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_858.
ieee: H. Xu, “Reactivation of the hippocampal cognitive map in goal-directed spatial
tasks,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Xu H. 2017. Reactivation of the hippocampal cognitive map in goal-directed
spatial tasks. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Xu, Haibing. Reactivation of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Goal-Directed
Spatial Tasks. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_858.
short: H. Xu, Reactivation of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Goal-Directed Spatial
Tasks, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:46Z
date_published: 2017-08-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:06:38Z
day: '23'
ddc:
- '571'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JoCs
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_858
file:
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issn:
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6811'
pubrep_id: '858'
related_material:
record:
- id: '5828'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jozsef L
full_name: Csicsvari, Jozsef L
id: 3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Csicsvari
orcid: 0000-0002-5193-4036
title: Reactivation of the hippocampal cognitive map in goal-directed spatial tasks
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '938'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The thesis encompasses several topics of plant cell biology which were studied
in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Chapter 1 concerns the plant hormone
auxin and its polar transport through cells and tissues. The highly controlled,
directional transport of auxin is facilitated by plasma membrane-localized transporters.
Transporters from the PIN family direct auxin transport due to their polarized
localizations at cell membranes. Substantial effort has been put into research
on cellular trafficking of PIN proteins, which is thought to underlie their polar
distribution. I participated in a forward genetic screen aimed at identifying
novel regulators of PIN polarity. The screen yielded several genes which may be
involved in PIN polarity regulation or participate in polar auxin transport by
other means. Chapter 2 focuses on the endomembrane system, with particular attention
to clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The project started with identification of several
proteins that interact with clathrin light chains. Among them, I focused on two
putative homologues of auxilin, which in non-plant systems is an endocytotic factor
known for uncoating clathrin-coated vesicles in the final step of endocytosis.
The body of my work consisted of an in-depth characterization of transgenic A.
thaliana lines overexpressing these putative auxilins in an inducible manner.
Overexpression of these proteins leads to an inhibition of endocytosis, as documented
by imaging of cargoes and clathrin-related endocytic machinery. An extension of
this work is an investigation into a concept of homeostatic regulation acting
between distinct transport processes in the endomembrane system. With auxilin
overexpressing lines, where endocytosis is blocked specifically, I made observations
on the mutual relationship between two opposite trafficking processes of secretion
and endocytosis. In Chapter 3, I analyze cortical microtubule arrays and their
relationship to auxin signaling and polarized growth in elongating cells. In plants,
microtubules are organized into arrays just below the plasma membrane, and it
is thought that their function is to guide membrane-docked cellulose synthase
complexes. These, in turn, influence cell wall structure and cell shape by directed
deposition of cellulose fibres. In elongating cells, cortical microtubule arrays
are able to reorient in relation to long cell axis, and these reorientations have
been linked to cell growth and to signaling of growth-regulating factors such
as auxin or light. In this chapter, I am addressing the causal relationship between
microtubule array reorientation, growth, and auxin signaling. I arrive at a model
where array reorientation is not guided by auxin directly, but instead is only
controlled by growth, which, in turn, is regulated by auxin.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Maciek
full_name: Adamowski, Maciek
id: 45F536D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adamowski
orcid: 0000-0001-6463-5257
citation:
ama: Adamowski M. Investigations into cell polarity and trafficking in the plant
model Arabidopsis thaliana . 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_842
apa: Adamowski, M. (2017). Investigations into cell polarity and trafficking
in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana . Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_842
chicago: Adamowski, Maciek. “Investigations into Cell Polarity and Trafficking in
the Plant Model Arabidopsis Thaliana .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_842.
ieee: M. Adamowski, “Investigations into cell polarity and trafficking in the plant
model Arabidopsis thaliana ,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Adamowski M. 2017. Investigations into cell polarity and trafficking in the
plant model Arabidopsis thaliana . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Adamowski, Maciek. Investigations into Cell Polarity and Trafficking in
the Plant Model Arabidopsis Thaliana . Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_842.
short: M. Adamowski, Investigations into Cell Polarity and Trafficking in the Plant
Model Arabidopsis Thaliana , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:18Z
date_published: 2017-06-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:06:09Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '581'
- '583'
- '580'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_842
file:
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issn:
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publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6483'
pubrep_id: '842'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1591'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
title: 'Investigations into cell polarity and trafficking in the plant model Arabidopsis
thaliana '
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '992'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "An instance of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is given by a finite
set of\r\nvariables, a finite domain of labels, and a set of constraints, each
constraint acting on\r\na subset of the variables. The goal is to find an assignment
of labels to its variables\r\nthat satisfies all constraints (or decide whether
one exists). If we allow more general\r\n“soft” constraints, which come with (possibly
infinite) costs of particular assignments,\r\nwe obtain instances from a richer
class called Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problem\r\n(VCSP). There the goal
is to find an assignment with minimum total cost.\r\nIn this thesis, we focus
(assuming that P\r\n6\r\n=\r\nNP) on classifying computational com-\r\nplexity
of CSPs and VCSPs under certain restricting conditions. Two results are the core\r\ncontent
of the work. In one of them, we consider VCSPs parametrized by a constraint\r\nlanguage,
that is the set of “soft” constraints allowed to form the instances, and finish\r\nthe
complexity classification modulo (missing pieces of) complexity classification
for\r\nanalogously parametrized CSP. The other result is a generalization of Edmonds’
perfect\r\nmatching algorithm. This generalization contributes to complexity classfications
in two\r\nways. First, it gives a new (largest known) polynomial-time solvable
class of Boolean\r\nCSPs in which every variable may appear in at most two constraints
and second, it\r\nsettles full classification of Boolean CSPs with planar drawing
(again parametrized by a\r\nconstraint language)."
acknowledgement: FP7/2007-2013/ERC grant agreement no 616160
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Michal
full_name: Rolinek, Michal
id: 3CB3BC06-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rolinek
citation:
ama: Rolinek M. Complexity of constraint satisfaction. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_815
apa: Rolinek, M. (2017). Complexity of constraint satisfaction. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_815
chicago: Rolinek, Michal. “Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_815.
ieee: M. Rolinek, “Complexity of constraint satisfaction,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Rolinek M. 2017. Complexity of constraint satisfaction. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Rolinek, Michal. Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_815.
short: M. Rolinek, Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:35Z
date_published: 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:05:41Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '004'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: VlKo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_815
ec_funded: 1
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '97'
project:
- _id: 25FBA906-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '616160'
name: 'Discrete Optimization in Computer Vision: Theory and Practice'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6407'
pubrep_id: '815'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Kolmogorov, Vladimir
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
title: Complexity of constraint satisfaction
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '202'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Restriction-modification (RM) represents the simplest and possibly the most
widespread mechanism of self/non-self discrimination in nature. In order to provide
bacteria with immunity against bacteriophages and other parasitic genetic elements,
RM systems rely on a balance between two enzymes: the restriction enzyme, which
cleaves non-self DNA at specific restriction sites, and the modification enzyme,
which tags the host’s DNA as self and thus protects it from cleavage. In this
thesis, I use population and single-cell level experiments in combination with
mathematical modeling to study different aspects of the interplay between RM systems,
bacteria and bacteriophages. First, I analyze how mutations in phage restriction
sites affect the probability of phage escape – an inherently stochastic process,
during which phages accidently get modified instead of restricted. Next, I use
single-cell experiments to show that RM systems can, with a low probability, attack
the genome of their bacterial host and that this primitive form of autoimmunity
leads to a tradeoff between the evolutionary cost and benefit of RM systems. Finally,
I investigate the nature of interactions between bacteria, RM systems and temperate
bacteriophages to find that, as a consequence of phage escape and its impact on
population dynamics, RM systems can promote acquisition of symbiotic bacteriophages,
rather than limit it. The results presented here uncover new fundamental biological
properties of RM systems and highlight their importance in the ecology and evolution
of bacteria, bacteriophages and their interactions.'
acknowledgement: "During my PhD studies, I received help from many people, all of
which unfortunately cannot be listed here. I thank them deeply and hope that I never
made them regret their kindness.\r\nI would like to express my deepest gratitude
to Călin Guet, who went far beyond his responsibilities as an advisor and was to
me also a great mentor and a friend. Călin never questioned my potential or lacked
compassion and I cannot thank him enough for cultivating in me an independent scientist.
I was amazed by his ability to recognize the most fascinating scientific problems
in objects of study that others would find mundane. I hope I adopted at least a
fraction of this ability.\r\nI will be forever grateful to Bruce Levin for all his
support and especially for giving me the best possible example of how one can practice
excellent science with humor and style. Working with Bruce was a true privilege.\r\nI
thank Jonathan Bollback and Gašper Tkačik for serving in my PhD committee and the
Austrian Academy of Science for funding my PhD research via the DOC fellowship.\r\nI
thank all our lab members: Tobias Bergmiller for his guidance, especially in the
first years of my research, and for being a good friend throughout; Remy Chait for
staying in the lab at unreasonable hours and for the good laughs at bad jokes we
shared; Anna Staron for supportively listening to my whines whenever I had to run
a gel; Magdalena Steinrück for her pioneering work in the lab; Kathrin Tomasek for
keeping the entropic forces in check and for her FACS virtuosity; Isabella Tomanek
for always being nice to me, no matter how much bench space I took from her.\r\nI
thank all my collaborators: Reiko Okura and Yuichi Wakamoto for performing and analyzing
the microfluidic experiments; Long Qian and Edo Kussell for their bioinformatics
analysis; Dominik Refardt for the λ kan phage; Moritz for his help with the mathematical
modeling. I thank Fabienne Jesse for her tireless editorial work on all our manuscripts.\r\nFinally,
I would like to thank my family and especially my wife Edita, who sacrificed a lot
so that I can pursue my goals and dreams.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Maros
full_name: Pleska, Maros
id: 4569785E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pleska
orcid: 0000-0001-7460-7479
citation:
ama: Pleska M. Biology of restriction-modification systems at the single-cell and
population level. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_916
apa: Pleska, M. (2017). Biology of restriction-modification systems at the single-cell
and population level. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_916
chicago: Pleska, Maros. “Biology of Restriction-Modification Systems at the Single-Cell
and Population Level.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_916.
ieee: M. Pleska, “Biology of restriction-modification systems at the single-cell
and population level,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Pleska M. 2017. Biology of restriction-modification systems at the single-cell
and population level. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Pleska, Maros. Biology of Restriction-Modification Systems at the Single-Cell
and Population Level. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_916.
short: M. Pleska, Biology of Restriction-Modification Systems at the Single-Cell
and Population Level, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:10Z
date_published: 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-15T12:04:56Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
- '579'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_916
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 33cfb59674e91f82e3738396d3fb3776
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:08:48Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:24Z
file_id: '4710'
file_name: IST-2018-916-v1+3_2017_Pleska_Maros_Thesis.pdf
file_size: 18569590
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: dcc239968decb233e7f98cf1083d8c26
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T08:33:14Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:24Z
file_id: '6204'
file_name: 2017_Pleska_Maros_Thesis.docx
file_size: 2801649
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:24Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '126'
project:
- _id: 251D65D8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '24210'
name: Effects of Stochasticity on the Function of Restriction-Modi cation Systems
at the Single-Cell Level (DOC Fellowship)
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '7711'
pubrep_id: '916'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1243'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '561'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '457'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Calin C
full_name: Guet, Calin C
id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Guet
orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
title: Biology of restriction-modification systems at the single-cell and population
level
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '6287'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The main objects considered in the present work are simplicial and CW-complexes
with vertices forming a random point cloud. In particular, we consider a Poisson
point process in R^n and study Delaunay and Voronoi complexes of the first and
higher orders and weighted Delaunay complexes obtained as sections of Delaunay
complexes, as well as the Čech complex. Further, we examine theDelaunay complex
of a Poisson point process on the sphere S^n, as well as of a uniform point cloud,
which is equivalent to the convex hull, providing a connection to the theory of
random polytopes. Each of the complexes in question can be endowed with a radius
function, which maps its cells to the radii of appropriately chosen circumspheres,
called the radius of the cell. Applying and developing discrete Morse theory for
these functions, joining it together with probabilistic and sometimes analytic
machinery, and developing several integral geometric tools, we aim at getting
the distributions of circumradii of typical cells. For all considered complexes,
we are able to generalize and obtain up to constants the distribution of radii
of typical intervals of all types. In low dimensions the constants can be computed
explicitly, thus providing the explicit expressions for the expected numbers of
cells. In particular, it allows to find the expected density of simplices of every
dimension for a Poisson point process in R^4, whereas the result for R^3 was known
already in 1970's.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Anton
full_name: Nikitenko, Anton
id: 3E4FF1BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Nikitenko
orcid: 0000-0002-0659-3201
citation:
ama: Nikitenko A. Discrete Morse theory for random complexes . 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_873
apa: Nikitenko, A. (2017). Discrete Morse theory for random complexes . Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_873
chicago: Nikitenko, Anton. “Discrete Morse Theory for Random Complexes .” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_873.
ieee: A. Nikitenko, “Discrete Morse theory for random complexes ,” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Nikitenko A. 2017. Discrete Morse theory for random complexes . Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Nikitenko, Anton. Discrete Morse Theory for Random Complexes . Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_873.
short: A. Nikitenko, Discrete Morse Theory for Random Complexes , Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2019-04-09T15:04:32Z
date_published: 2017-10-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-15T12:10:34Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '514'
- '516'
- '519'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HeEd
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_873
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ece7e598a2f060b263c2febf7f3fe7f9
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T14:54:51Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:26Z
file_id: '6289'
file_name: 2017_Thesis_Nikitenko.pdf
file_size: 2324870
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 99b7ad76e317efd447af60f91e29b49b
content_type: application/zip
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-09T14:54:51Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:26Z
file_id: '6290'
file_name: 2017_Thesis_Nikitenko_source.zip
file_size: 2863219
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '86'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
pubrep_id: '873'
related_material:
record:
- id: '718'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '5678'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '87'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Herbert
full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Edelsbrunner
orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
title: 'Discrete Morse theory for random complexes '
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1127'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Plant hormone auxin and its transport between cells belong to the most important\r\nmechanisms
controlling plant development. Auxin itself could change localization of PINs
and\r\nthereby control direction of its own flow. We performed an expression profiling
experiment\r\nin Arabidopsis roots to identify potential regulators of PIN polarity
which are transcriptionally\r\nregulated by auxin signalling. We identified several
novel regulators and performed a detailed\r\ncharacterization of the transcription
factor WRKY23 (At2g47260) and its role in auxin\r\nfeedback on PIN polarity. Gain-of-function
and dominant-negative mutants revealed that\r\nWRKY23 plays a crucial role in
mediating the auxin effect on PIN polarity. In concordance,\r\ntypical polar auxin
transport processes such as gravitropism and leaf vascular pattern\r\nformation
were disturbed by interfering with WRKY23 function.\r\nIn order to identify direct
targets of WRKY23, we performed consequential expression\r\nprofiling experiments
using a WRKY23 inducible gain-of-function line and dominant-negative\r\nWRKY23
line that is defunct in PIN re-arrangement. Among several genes mostly related
to\r\nthe groups of cell wall and defense process regulators, we identified LYSINE-HISTIDINE\r\nTRANSPORTER
1 (LHT1; At5g40780), a small amino acid permease gene from the amino\r\nacid/auxin
permease family (AAAP), we present its detailed characterisation in auxin feedback\r\non
PIN repolarization, identified its transcriptional regulation, we propose a potential\r\nmechanism
of its action. Moreover, we identified also a member of receptor-like protein\r\nkinase
LRR-RLK (LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN KINASE PROTEIN 1;\r\nLRRK1;
At1g05700), which also affects auxin-dependent PIN re-arrangement. We described\r\nits
transcriptional behaviour, subcellular localization. Based on global expression
data, we\r\ntried to identify ligand responsible for mechanism of signalling and
suggest signalling partner\r\nand interactors. Additionally, we described role
of novel phytohormone group, strigolactone,\r\nin auxin-dependent PIN re-arrangement,
that could be a fundament for future studies in this\r\nfield.\r\nOur results
provide first insights into an auxin transcriptional network targeting PIN\r\nlocalization
and thus regulating plant development. We highlighted WRKY23 transcriptional\r\nnetwork
and characterised its mediatory role in plant development. We identified direct\r\neffectors
of this network, LHT1 and LRRK1, and describe their roles in PIN re-arrangement
and\r\nPIN-dependent auxin transport processes."
acknowledgement: I would like to first acknowledge my supervisor Jiří Friml for support,
kind advice and patience. It was a pleasure to be a part of your lab, Jiří. I will
remember the atmosphere present in auxin lab at VIB in Ghent and at IST in Klosterneuburg
forever. I would like to thank all past and present lab members for the friendship
and friendly and scientific environment in the groups. It was so nice to cooperate
with you, guys. There was always someone who helped me with experiments, troubleshoot
issues coming from our work etc. At this place, I would like to thank especially
to Gergo Molnár. I’m happy (and lucky) that I have met him; he naturally became
my tutor and guide through my PhD. From no one else during my entire professional
career, I’ve learned that much.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Tomas
full_name: Prat, Tomas
id: 3DA3BFEE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Prat
citation:
ama: Prat T. Identification of novel regulators of PIN polarity and development
of novel auxin sensor. 2017.
apa: Prat, T. (2017). Identification of novel regulators of PIN polarity and
development of novel auxin sensor. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Prat, Tomas. “Identification of Novel Regulators of PIN Polarity and Development
of Novel Auxin Sensor.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ieee: T. Prat, “Identification of novel regulators of PIN polarity and development
of novel auxin sensor,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Prat T. 2017. Identification of novel regulators of PIN polarity and development
of novel auxin sensor. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Prat, Tomas. Identification of Novel Regulators of PIN Polarity and Development
of Novel Auxin Sensor. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
short: T. Prat, Identification of Novel Regulators of PIN Polarity and Development
of Novel Auxin Sensor, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:17Z
date_published: 2017-01-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-19T10:39:33Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '580'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JiFr
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: d192c7c6c5ea32c8432437286dc4909e
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T08:45:14Z
date_updated: 2019-04-05T08:45:14Z
file_id: '6209'
file_name: IST_Austria_Thesis_Tomáš_Prát.pdf
file_size: 10285946
relation: main_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bab18b52cf98145926042d8ed99fdb3b
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-22T11:52:56Z
date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:52:56Z
file_id: '9185'
file_name: 2017_Thesis_Prat.pdf
file_size: 9802991
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:52:56Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '131'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6233'
related_material:
record:
- id: '449'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
title: Identification of novel regulators of PIN polarity and development of novel
auxin sensor
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '961'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cell-cell contact formation constitutes the first step in the emergence of multicellularity in
evolution, thereby allowing the differentiation of specialized cell types. In metazoan
development, cell-cell contact formation is thought to influence cell fate specification,
and cell fate specification has been implicated in cell-cell contact
formation. However, remarkably little is yet known about whether and how the
interaction and feedback between cell-cell contact formation and cell fate specification
affect development. Here we identify a positive feedback loop between cell-cell contact duration, morphogen signaling and
mesendoderm cell fate specification during zebrafish gastrulation. We show that long
lasting cell-cell contacts enhance the competence of prechordal plate (ppl) progenitor
cells to respond to Nodal signaling, required for proper ppl cell fate specification. We further
show that Nodal signalling romotes ppl cell-cell contact duration, thereby generating an
effective positive feedback loop between ppl cell-cell contact duration and cell fate
specification. Finally, by using a combination of theoretical modeling and experimentation,
we show that this feedback loop determines whether anterior axial mesendoderm cells
become ppl progenitors or, instead, turn into endoderm progenitors. Our findings reveal
that the gene regulatory networks leading to cell fate diversification within the developing
embryo are controlled by the interdependent activities of cell-cell signaling and contact
formation.
acknowledgement: "Many people accompanied me during this trip: I would not have reached
my destination nor \r\nenjoyed the travelling without them. First of all, thanks
to CP. Thanks for making me part of \r\nyour team, always full of diverse, interesting
and incredibly competent people and thanks for \r\nall the good science I witnessed
\ and participated in. It has been a \r\nblast, an incredibly \r\nexciting
\ one! Thanks to JLo, for teaching me how to master my pipettes and
\ showing me \r\nthat science is a lot of fun. Many, many thanks to Gabby for teaching
me basically everything \r\nabout zebrafish and being always there to advice,
\ sugge\r\nst, support...and play fussball! \r\nThank you to Julien, for the
critical eye on things, Pedro, for all the invaluable feedback and \r\nthe amazing
kicker matches, and Keisuke, for showing me the light, and to the three of them
\r\ntogether for all the good laughs we\r\nhad. My start in Vienna would
\ have been a lot more \r\ndifficult without you guys. Also it would not
\ have been possible without Elena and Inês: \r\nthanks for helping setting
\ up this lab and for the dinners in Gugging. Thanks to Martin, for
\r\nhelping me understand \r\nthe physics behind biology. Thanks to Philipp,
\ for the interest and \r\nadvice, and to Michael, for the Viennise take on things.
Thanks to Julia, for putting up with \r\nbeing our technician and becoming a friend
in the process. And now to the newest members \r\nof th\r\ne lab. Thanks to Daniel
for the enthusiasm and the neverending energy and for all your \r\nhelp over the
years: thank you! To Jana, for showing me that one doesn’t give up, no matter \r\nwhat.
\ To Shayan, for being such a motivated student. To Matt, for helping
\ out\r\nwith coding \r\nand for finding punk solutions to data analysis problems.
Thanks to all the members of the \r\nlab, Verena, Hitoshi, Silvia, Conny, Karla,
Nicoletta, Zoltan, Peng, Benoit, Roland, Yuuta and \r\nFeyza, for the wonderful
\ atmosphere in the lab. Many than\r\nks to Koni and Deborah: doing \r\nexperiments
would have been much more difficult without your help. Special thanks to Katjia
\r\nfor setting up an amazing imaging facility and for building the best
\ team, Robert, Nasser, \r\nAnna and Doreen: thank you for putting up w\r\nith
all the late sortings and for helping with all \r\nthe technical problems. Thanks
to Eva, Verena and Matthias for keeping the fish happy. Big \r\nthanks to Harald
Janovjak for being a present and helpful committee member over the years \r\nand
\ to Patrick Lemaire f\r\nor the helpful insight and extremely interesting
\ discussion we had \r\nabout the project. Also, this journey would not
\ have been the same without all the friends \r\nthat I met in Dresden and
then in Vienna: Daniele, Claire, Kuba, Steffi, Harold, Dejan, Irene, \r\nFab\r\nienne,
Hande, Tiago, Marianne, Jon, Srdjan, Branca, Uli, Murat, Alex, Conny, Christoph,
\r\nCaro, Simone, Barbara, Felipe, Dama, Jose, Hubert and many others that filled
my days with \r\nfun and support. A special thank to my family, always close even
if they are \r\nkilometers away. \r\nGrazie ai miei fratelli, Nunzio e William,
\ e alla mia mamma, per essermi sempre vicini pur \r\nvivendo a chilometri
di distanza. And, last but not least, thanks to Moritz, for putting up with \r\nthe
crazy life of a scientist, the living apart for\r\nso long, never knowing when things
are going \r\nto happen. Thanks for being a great partner and my number one fan!"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vanessa
full_name: Barone, Vanessa
id: 419EECCC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barone
orcid: 0000-0003-2676-3367
citation:
ama: 'Barone V. Cell adhesion and cell fate: An effective feedback loop during zebrafish
gastrulation. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_825'
apa: 'Barone, V. (2017). Cell adhesion and cell fate: An effective feedback loop
during zebrafish gastrulation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_825'
chicago: 'Barone, Vanessa. “Cell Adhesion and Cell Fate: An Effective Feedback Loop
during Zebrafish Gastrulation.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_825.'
ieee: 'V. Barone, “Cell adhesion and cell fate: An effective feedback loop during
zebrafish gastrulation,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.'
ista: 'Barone V. 2017. Cell adhesion and cell fate: An effective feedback loop during
zebrafish gastrulation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Barone, Vanessa. Cell Adhesion and Cell Fate: An Effective Feedback Loop
during Zebrafish Gastrulation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_825.'
short: 'V. Barone, Cell Adhesion and Cell Fate: An Effective Feedback Loop during
Zebrafish Gastrulation, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:25Z
date_published: 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-27T14:16:45Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
- '590'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_825
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 242f88c87f2cf267bf05049fa26a687b
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-04-05T08:36:52Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:16Z
file_id: '6205'
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issn:
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publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6444'
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related_material:
record:
- id: '1100'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1537'
relation: part_of_dissertation
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- id: '1912'
relation: part_of_dissertation
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- id: '2926'
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status: public
- id: '735'
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status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
title: 'Cell adhesion and cell fate: An effective feedback loop during zebrafish gastrulation'
tmp:
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legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '819'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Contagious diseases must transmit from infectious to susceptible hosts in
order to reproduce. Whilst vectored pathogens can rely on intermediaries to find
new hosts for them, many infectious pathogens require close contact or direct
interaction between hosts for transmission. Hence, this means that conspecifics
are often the main source of infection for most animals and so, in theory, animals
should avoid conspecifics to reduce their risk of infection. Of course, in reality
animals must interact with one another, as a bare minimum, to mate. However, being
social provides many additional benefits and group living has become a taxonomically
diverse and widespread trait. How then do social animals overcome the issue of
increased disease? Over the last few decades, the social insects (ants, termites
and some bees and wasps) have become a model system for studying disease in social
animals. On paper, a social insect colony should be particularly susceptible to
disease, given that they often contain thousands of potential hosts that are closely
related and frequently interact, as well as exhibiting stable environmental conditions
that encourage microbial growth. Yet, disease outbreaks appear to be rare and
attempts to eradicate pest species using pathogens have failed time and again.
Evolutionary biologists investigating this observation have discovered that the
reduced disease susceptibility in social insects is, in part, due to collectively
performed disease defences of the workers. These defences act like a “social immune
system” for the colony, resulting in a per capita decrease in disease, termed
social immunity. Our understanding of social immunity, and its importance in relation
to the immunological defences of each insect, continues to grow, but there remain
many open questions. In this thesis I have studied disease defence in garden ants.
In the first data chapter, I use the invasive garden ant, Lasius neglectus, to
investigate how colonies mitigate lethal infections and prevent them from spreading
systemically. I find that ants have evolved ‘destructive disinfection’ – a behaviour
that uses endogenously produced acidic poison to kill diseased brood and to prevent
the pathogen from replicating. In the second experimental chapter, I continue
to study the use of poison in invasive garden ant colonies, finding that it is
sprayed prophylactically within the nest. However, this spraying has negative
effects on developing pupae when they have had their cocoons artificially removed.
Hence, I suggest that acidic nest sanitation may be maintaining larval cocoon
spinning in this species. In the next experimental chapter, I investigated how
colony founding black garden ant queens (Lasius niger) prevent disease when a
co-foundress dies. I show that ant queens prophylactically perform undertaking
behaviours, similar to those performed by the workers in mature nests. When a
co-foundress was infected, these undertaking behaviours improved the survival
of the healthy queen. In the final data chapter, I explored how immunocompetence
(measured as antifungal activity) changes as incipient black garden ant colonies
grow and mature, from the solitary queen phase to colonies with several hundred
workers. Queen and worker antifungal activity varied throughout this time period,
but despite social immunity, did not decrease as colonies matured. In addition
to the above data chapters, this thesis includes two co-authored reviews. In the
first, we examine the state of the art in the field of social immunity and how
it might develop in the future. In the second, we identify several challenges
and open questions in the study of disease defence in animals. We highlight how
social insects offer a unique model to tackle some of these problems, as disease
defence can be studied from the cell to the society. '
acknowledgement: "ERC FP7 programme (grant agreement no. 240371)\r\nI have been supremely
spoilt to work in a lab with such good resources and I must thank the wonderful
Cremer group technicians, Anna, Barbara, Eva and Florian, for all of their help
and keeping the lab up and running. You guys will probably be the most missed once
I realise just how much work you have been saving me! For the same reason, I must
say a big Dzi ę kuj ę Ci to Wonder Woman Wanda, for her tireless efforts feeding
my colonies and cranking out thousands of petri dishes and sugar tubes. Again, you
will be sorely missed now that I will have to take this task on myself. Of course,
I will be eternally indebted to Prof. Sylvia Cremer for taking me under her wing
and being a constant source of guidance and inspiration. You have given me the perfect
balance of independence and supervision. I cannot thank you enough for creating
such a great working environment and allowing me the freedom to follow my own research
questions. I have had so many exceptional opportunities – attending and presenting
at conferences all over the world, inviting me to write the ARE with you, going
to workshops in Panama and Switzerland, and even organising our own PhD course –
that I often think I must have had the best PhD in the world. You have taught me
so much and made me a scientist. I sincerely hope we get the chance to work together
again in the future. Thank you for everything. I must also thank my PhD Committee,
Daria Siekhaus and Jacobus “Koos” Boomsma, for being very supportive throughout
the duration of my PhD. "
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Pull, Christopher
id: 3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pull
orcid: 0000-0003-1122-3982
citation:
ama: Pull C. Disease defence in garden ants. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861
apa: Pull, C. (2017). Disease defence in garden ants. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861
chicago: Pull, Christopher. “Disease Defence in Garden Ants.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861.
ieee: C. Pull, “Disease defence in garden ants,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2017.
ista: Pull C. 2017. Disease defence in garden ants. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria.
mla: Pull, Christopher. Disease Defence in Garden Ants. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861.
short: C. Pull, Disease Defence in Garden Ants, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:40Z
date_published: 2017-09-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-28T11:31:32Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '576'
- '577'
- '578'
- '579'
- '590'
- '592'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861
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publist_id: '6830'
pubrep_id: '861'
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record:
- id: '616'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '806'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '734'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '732'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Sylvia M
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia M
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
title: Disease defence in garden ants
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'This thesis describes a brittle fracture simulation method for visual effects
applications. Building upon a symmetric Galerkin boundary element method, we first
compute stress intensity factors following the theory of linear elastic fracture
mechanics. We then use these stress intensities to simulate the motion of a propagating
crack front at a significantly higher resolution than the overall deformation
of the breaking object. Allowing for spatial variations of the material''s toughness
during crack propagation produces visually realistic, highly-detailed fracture
surfaces. Furthermore, we introduce approximations for stress intensities and
crack opening displacements, resulting in both practical speed-up and theoretically
superior runtime complexity compared to previous methods. While we choose a quasi-static
approach to fracture mechanics, ignoring dynamic deformations, we also couple
our fracture simulation framework to a standard rigid-body dynamics solver, enabling
visual effects artists to simulate both large scale motion, as well as fracturing
due to collision forces in a combined system. As fractures inside of an object
grow, their geometry must be represented both in the coarse boundary element mesh,
as well as at the desired fine output resolution. Using a boundary element method,
we avoid complicated volumetric meshing operations. Instead we describe a simple
set of surface meshing operations that allow us to progressively add cracks to
the mesh of an object and still re-use all previously computed entries of the
linear boundary element system matrix. On the high resolution level, we opt for
an implicit surface representation. We then describe how to capture fracture surfaces
during crack propagation, as well as separate the individual fragments resulting
from the fracture process, based on this implicit representation. We show results
obtained with our method, either solving the full boundary element system in every
time step, or alternatively using our fast approximations. These results demonstrate
that both of these methods perform well in basic test cases and produce realistic
fracture surfaces. Furthermore we show that our fast approximations substantially
out-perform the standard approach in more demanding scenarios. Finally, these
two methods naturally combine, using the full solution while the problem size
is manageably small and switching to the fast approximations later on. The resulting
hybrid method gives the user a direct way to choose between speed and accuracy
of the simulation. '
acknowledgement: "ERC H2020 programme (grant agreement no. 638176)\r\nFirst of all,
let me thank my committee members, especially my supervisor, Chris\r\nWojtan, for
supporting me throughout my PhD. Obviously, none of this work would\r\nhave been
possible without you.\r\nFurthermore, Thank You to all the people who have contributed
to this work in various\r\nways, in particular Martin Schanz and his group for providing
and supporting the\r\nHyENA boundary element library, as well as Eder Miguel and
Morten Bojsen-Hansen\r\nfor (repeatedly) proof reading and providing valuable suggestions
during the writing\r\nof this thesis.\r\nI would also like to thank Bernd Bickel,
and all the members – past and present – of his\r\nand Chris’ research groups at
IST Austria for always providing honest and insightful\r\nfeedback throughout many
joint group meetings, as well as Christopher Batty, Eitan\r\nGrinspun, and Fang
Da for many insights into boundary element methods during our\r\ncollaboration.\r\nAs
only virtual objects have been harmed in the process of creating this work, I would\r\nlike
to acknowledge the Stanford scanning repository for providing the “Bunny” and\r\n“Armadillo”
models, the AIM@SHAPE repository for “Pierre’s hand, watertight”, and\r\nS. Gainsbourg
for the “Column” via Archive3D.net. Sorry for breaking these models\r\nin many different
ways.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Hahn, David
id: 357A6A66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hahn
citation:
ama: Hahn D. Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer graphics.
2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855
apa: Hahn, D. (2017). Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for
computer graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855
chicago: Hahn, David. “Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer
Graphics.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855.
ieee: D. Hahn, “Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer
graphics,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Hahn D. 2017. Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer
graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Hahn, David. Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer
Graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855.
short: D. Hahn, Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer
Graphics, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:47Z
date_published: 2017-08-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T13:48:02Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '004'
- '005'
- '006'
- '531'
- '621'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ChWo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
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date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:13Z
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file_name: 2017_thesis_Hahn_source.zip
file_size: 15060566
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:13Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '124'
project:
- _id: 2533E772-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '638176'
name: Efficient Simulation of Natural Phenomena at Extremely Large Scales
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6809'
pubrep_id: '855'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1362'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1633'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '5568'
relation: popular_science
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Christopher J
full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wojtan
orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
title: Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer graphics
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC
BY-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1121'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the lateral acquisition of genes across existing
species\r\nboundaries, is a major evolutionary force shaping microbial genomes
that facilitates\r\nadaptation to new environments as well as resistance to antimicrobial
drugs. As such,\r\nunderstanding the mechanisms and constraints that determine
the outcomes of HGT\r\nevents is crucial to understand the dynamics of HGT and
to design better strategies to\r\novercome the challenges that originate from
it.\r\nFollowing the insertion and expression of a newly transferred gene, the
success of an\r\nHGT event will depend on the fitness effect it has on the recipient
(host) cell. Therefore,\r\npredicting the impact of HGT on the genetic composition
of a population critically\r\ndepends on the distribution of fitness effects (DFE)
of horizontally transferred genes.\r\nHowever, to date, we have little knowledge
of the DFE of newly transferred genes, and\r\nhence little is known about the
shape and scale of this distribution.\r\nIt is particularly important to better
understand the selective barriers that determine\r\nthe fitness effects of newly
transferred genes. In spite of substantial bioinformatics\r\nefforts to identify
horizontally transferred genes and selective barriers, a systematic\r\nexperimental
approach to elucidate the roles of different selective barriers in defining\r\nthe
fate of a transfer event has largely been absent. Similarly, although the fact
that\r\nenvironment might alter the fitness effect of a horizontally transferred
gene may seem\r\nobvious, little attention has been given to it in a systematic
experimental manner.\r\nIn this study, we developed a systematic experimental
approach that consists of\r\ntransferring 44 arbitrarily selected Salmonella typhimurium
orthologous genes into an\r\nEscherichia coli host, and estimating the fitness
effects of these transferred genes at a\r\nconstant expression level by performing
competition assays against the wild type.\r\nIn chapter 2, we performed one-to-one
competition assays between a mutant strain\r\ncarrying a transferred gene and
the wild type strain. By using flow cytometry we\r\nestimated selection coefficients
for the transferred genes with a precision level of 10-3,and obtained the DFE
of horizontally transferred genes. We then investigated if these\r\nfitness effects
could be predicted by any of the intrinsic properties of the genes, namely,\r\nfunctional
category, degree of complexity (protein-protein interactions), GC content,\r\ncodon
usage and length. Our analyses revealed that the functional category and length\r\nof
the genes act as potential selective barriers. Finally, using the same procedure
with\r\nthe endogenous E. coli orthologs of these 44 genes, we demonstrated that
gene dosage is\r\nthe most prominent selective barrier to HGT.\r\nIn chapter 3,
using the same set of genes we investigated the role of environment on the\r\nsuccess
of HGT events. Under six different environments with different levels of stress\r\nwe
performed more complex competition assays, where we mixed all 44 mutant strains\r\ncarrying
transferred genes with the wild type strain. To estimate the fitness effects of\r\ngenes
relative to wild type we used next generation sequencing. We found that the DFEs\r\nof
horizontally transferred genes are highly dependent on the environment, with\r\nabundant
gene–by-environment interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrated a\r\nrelationship
between average fitness effect of a gene across all environments and its\r\nenvironmental
variance, and thus its predictability. Finally, in spite of the fitness effects\r\nof
genes being highly environment-dependent, we still observed a common shape of\r\nDFEs
across all tested environments."
acknowledgement: "This study was supported by European Research Council ERC CoG 2014
– EVOLHGT,\r\nunder the grant number 648440.\r\n\r\nIt is a pleasure to thank the
many people who made this thesis possible.\r\nI would like to first thank my advisor,
Jonathan Paul Bollback for providing guidance in\r\nall aspects of my life, encouragement,
sound advice, and good teaching over the last six\r\nyears.\r\nI would also like
to thank the members of my dissertation committee – Călin C. Guet\r\nand John F.
Baines – not only for their time and guidance, but for their intellectual\r\ncontributions
to my development as a scientist.\r\nI would like to thank Flavia Gama and Rodrigo
Redondo who have taught me all the\r\nskills in the laboratory with their graciousness
and friendship. Also special thanks to\r\nBollback group for their support and for
providing a stimulating and fun environment:\r\nIsabella Tomanek, Fabienne Jesse,
Claudia Igler, and Pavel Payne.\r\nJerneja Beslagic is not only an amazing assistant,
she also has a smile brighter and\r\nwarmer than the sunshine, bringing happiness
to every moment. Always keep your light\r\nNeja, I will miss our invaluable chatters
a lot."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Hande
full_name: Acar, Hande
id: 2DDF136A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Acar
orcid: 0000-0003-1986-9753
citation:
ama: Acar H. Selective barriers to horizontal gene transfer. 2016.
apa: Acar, H. (2016). Selective barriers to horizontal gene transfer. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Acar, Hande. “Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ieee: H. Acar, “Selective barriers to horizontal gene transfer,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Acar H. 2016. Selective barriers to horizontal gene transfer. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Acar, Hande. Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
short: H. Acar, Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:16Z
date_published: 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:42:26Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JoBo
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 94bbbc754c36115bf37f8fc11fad43c4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-08-13T11:17:50Z
date_updated: 2019-08-13T11:17:50Z
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content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-22T11:51:13Z
date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:51:13Z
file_id: '9184'
file_name: 2016_Thesis_HandeAcar.pdf
file_size: 3682711
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:51:13Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '75'
project:
- _id: 2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '648440'
name: Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6239'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jonathan P
full_name: Bollback, Jonathan P
id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollback
orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612
title: Selective barriers to horizontal gene transfer
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1128'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The process of gene expression is central to the modern understanding of
how cellular systems\r\nfunction. In this process, a special kind of regulatory
proteins, called transcription factors,\r\nare important to determine how much
protein is produced from a given gene. As biological\r\ninformation is transmitted
from transcription factor concentration to mRNA levels to amounts of\r\nprotein,
various sources of noise arise and pose limits to the fidelity of intracellular
signaling.\r\nThis thesis concerns itself with several aspects of stochastic gene
expression: (i) the mathematical\r\ndescription of complex promoters responsible
for the stochastic production of biomolecules,\r\n(ii) fundamental limits to information
processing the cell faces due to the interference from multiple\r\nfluctuating
signals, (iii) how the presence of gene expression noise influences the evolution\r\nof
regulatory sequences, (iv) and tools for the experimental study of origins and
consequences\r\nof cell-cell heterogeneity, including an application to bacterial
stress response systems."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georg
full_name: Rieckh, Georg
id: 34DA8BD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rieckh
citation:
ama: Rieckh G. Studying the complexities of transcriptional regulation. 2016.
apa: Rieckh, G. (2016). Studying the complexities of transcriptional regulation.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Rieckh, Georg. “Studying the Complexities of Transcriptional Regulation.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ieee: G. Rieckh, “Studying the complexities of transcriptional regulation,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Rieckh G. 2016. Studying the complexities of transcriptional regulation. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Rieckh, Georg. Studying the Complexities of Transcriptional Regulation.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
short: G. Rieckh, Studying the Complexities of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:18Z
date_published: 2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:44:34Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GaTk
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: ec453918c3bf8e6f460fd1156ef7b493
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
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file_name: Thesis_Georg_Rieckh.pdf
file_size: 6096178
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-09-21T11:30:40Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '114'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6232'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Gasper
full_name: Tkacik, Gasper
id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tkacik
orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
title: Studying the complexities of transcriptional regulation
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1124'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Maurizio
full_name: Morri, Maurizio
id: 4863116E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Morri
citation:
ama: Morri M. Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein coupled
receptors. 2016.
apa: Morri, M. (2016). Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein
coupled receptors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Morri, Maurizio. “Optical Functionalization of Human Class A Orphan G-Protein
Coupled Receptors.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ieee: M. Morri, “Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein coupled
receptors,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Morri M. 2016. Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein
coupled receptors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Morri, Maurizio. Optical Functionalization of Human Class A Orphan G-Protein
Coupled Receptors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
short: M. Morri, Optical Functionalization of Human Class A Orphan G-Protein Coupled
Receptors, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:17Z
date_published: 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:43:03Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HaJa
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: b439803ac0827cdddd56562a54e3b53b
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-08-13T10:50:00Z
date_updated: 2019-08-13T10:50:00Z
file_id: '6812'
file_name: MORRI_PhD_thesis_FINALPLUSSIGNATURES (2).pdf
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relation: main_file
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checksum: dd4136247fe472e7d47880ec68ac8de0
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-22T11:42:06Z
date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:42:06Z
file_id: '9180'
file_name: 2016_MORRI_Thesis.pdf
file_size: 4495669
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:42:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '129'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6236'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Harald L
full_name: Janovjak, Harald L
id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janovjak
orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
title: Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein coupled receptors
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1129'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Directed cell migration is a hallmark feature, present in almost all multi-cellular\r\norganisms.
Despite its importance, basic questions regarding force transduction\r\nor directional
sensing are still heavily investigated. Directed migration of cells\r\nguided
by immobilized guidance cues - haptotaxis - occurs in key-processes,\r\nsuch as
embryonic development and immunity (Middleton et al., 1997; Nguyen\r\net al.,
2000; Thiery, 1984; Weber et al., 2013). Immobilized guidance cues\r\ncomprise
adhesive ligands, such as collagen and fibronectin (Barczyk et al.,\r\n2009),
or chemokines - the main guidance cues for migratory leukocytes\r\n(Middleton
et al., 1997; Weber et al., 2013). While adhesive ligands serve as\r\nattachment
sites guiding cell migration (Carter, 1965), chemokines instruct\r\nhaptotactic
migration by inducing adhesion to adhesive ligands and directional\r\nguidance
(Rot and Andrian, 2004; Schumann et al., 2010). Quantitative analysis\r\nof the
cellular response to immobilized guidance cues requires in vitro assays\r\nthat
foster cell migration, offer accurate control of the immobilized cues on a\r\nsubcellular
scale and in the ideal case closely reproduce in vivo conditions. The\r\nexploration
of haptotactic cell migration through design and employment of such\r\nassays
represents the main focus of this work.\r\nDendritic cells (DCs) are leukocytes,
which after encountering danger\r\nsignals such as pathogens in peripheral organs
instruct naïve T-cells and\r\nconsequently the adaptive immune response in the
lymph node (Mellman and\r\nSteinman, 2001). To reach the lymph node from the periphery,
DCs follow\r\nhaptotactic gradients of the chemokine CCL21 towards lymphatic vessels\r\n(Weber
et al., 2013). Questions about how DCs interpret haptotactic CCL21\r\ngradients
have not yet been addressed. The main reason for this is the lack of\r\nan assay
that offers diverse haptotactic environments, hence allowing the study\r\nof DC
migration as a response to different signals of immobilized guidance cue.\r\nIn
this work, we developed an in vitro assay that enables us to\r\nquantitatively
assess DC haptotaxis, by combining precisely controllable\r\nchemokine photo-patterning
with physically confining migration conditions. With this tool at hand, we studied
the influence of CCL21 gradient properties and\r\nconcentration on DC haptotaxis.
We found that haptotactic gradient sensing\r\ndepends on the absolute CCL21 concentration
in combination with the local\r\nsteepness of the gradient. Our analysis suggests
that the directionality of\r\nmigrating DCs is governed by the signal-to-noise
ratio of CCL21 binding to its\r\nreceptor CCR7. Moreover, the haptotactic CCL21
gradient formed in vivo\r\nprovides an optimal shape for DCs to recognize haptotactic
guidance cue.\r\nBy reconstitution of the CCL21 gradient in vitro we were also
able to\r\nstudy the influence of CCR7 signal termination on DC haptotaxis. To
this end,\r\nwe used DCs lacking the G-protein coupled receptor kinase GRK6, which
is\r\nresponsible for CCL21 induced CCR7 receptor phosphorylation and\r\ndesensitization
(Zidar et al., 2009). We found that CCR7 desensitization by\r\nGRK6 is crucial
for maintenance of haptotactic CCL21 gradient sensing in vitro\r\nand confirm
those observations in vivo.\r\nIn the context of the organism, immobilized haptotactic
guidance cues\r\noften coincide and compete with soluble chemotactic guidance
cues. During\r\nwound healing, fibroblasts are exposed and influenced by adhesive
cues and\r\nsoluble factors at the same time (Wu et al., 2012; Wynn, 2008). Similarly,\r\nmigrating
DCs are exposed to both, soluble chemokines (CCL19 and truncated\r\nCCL21) inducing
chemotactic behavior as well as the immobilized CCL21. To\r\nquantitatively assess
these complex coinciding immobilized and soluble\r\nguidance cues, we implemented
our chemokine photo-patterning technique in a\r\nmicrofluidic system allowing
for chemotactic gradient generation. To validate\r\nthe assay, we observed DC
migration in competing CCL19/CCL21\r\nenvironments.\r\nAdhesiveness guided haptotaxis
has been studied intensively over the\r\nlast century. However, quantitative studies
leading to conceptual models are\r\nlargely missing, again due to the lack of
a precisely controllable in vitro assay. A\r\nrequirement for such an in vitro
assay is that it must prevent any uncontrolled\r\ncell adhesion. This can be accomplished
by stable passivation of the surface. In\r\naddition, controlled adhesion must
be sustainable, quantifiable and dose\r\ndependent in order to create homogenous
gradients. Therefore, we developed a novel covalent photo-patterning technique
satisfying all these needs. In\r\ncombination with a sustainable poly-vinyl alcohol
(PVA) surface coating we\r\nwere able to generate gradients of adhesive cue to
direct cell migration. This\r\napproach allowed us to characterize the haptotactic
migratory behavior of\r\nzebrafish keratocytes in vitro. Furthermore, defined
patterns of adhesive cue\r\nallowed us to control for cell shape and growth on
a subcellular scale."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: PreCl
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: "First, I would like to thank Michael Sixt for being a great supervisor,
mentor and\r\nscientist. I highly appreciate his guidance and continued support.
Furthermore, I\r\nam very grateful that he gave me the exceptional opportunity to
pursue many\r\nideas of which some managed to be included in this thesis.\r\nI owe
sincere thanks to the members of my PhD thesis committee, Daria\r\nSiekhaus, Daniel
Legler and Harald Janovjak. Especially I would like to thank\r\nDaria for her advice
and encouragement during our regular progress meetings.\r\nI also want to thank
the team and fellows of the Boehringer Ingelheim Fond\r\n(BIF) PhD Fellowship for
amazing and inspiring meetings and the BIF for\r\nfinancial support.\r\nImportant
factors for the success of this thesis were the warm, creative\r\nand helpful atmosphere
as well as the team spirit of the whole Sixt Lab.\r\nTherefore I would like to thank
my current and former colleagues Frank Assen,\r\nMarkus Brown, Ingrid de Vries,
Michelle Duggan, Alexander Eichner, Miroslav\r\nHons, Eva Kiermaier, Aglaja Kopf,
Alexander Leithner, Christine Moussion, Jan\r\nMüller, Maria Nemethova, Jörg Renkawitz,
Anne Reversat, Kari Vaahtomeri,\r\nMichele Weber and Stefan Wieser. We had an amazing
time with many\r\nlegendary evenings and events. Along these lines I want to thank
the in vitro\r\ncrew of the lab, Jörg, Anne and Alex, for lots of ideas and productive\r\ndiscussions.
I am sure, some day we will reveal the secret of the ‘splodge’.\r\nI want to thank
the members of the Heisenberg Lab for a great time and\r\nthrilling kicker matches.
In this regard I especially want to thank Maurizio\r\n‘Gnocci’ Monti, Gabriel Krens,
Alex Eichner, Martin Behrndt, Vanessa Barone,Philipp Schmalhorst, Michael Smutny,
Daniel Capek, Anne Reversat, Eva\r\nKiermaier, Frank Assen and Jan Müller for wonderful
after-lunch matches.\r\nI would not have been able to analyze the thousands of cell
trajectories\r\nand probably hundreds of thousands of mouse clicks without the productive\r\ncollaboration
with Veronika Bierbaum and Tobias Bollenbach. Thanks Vroni for\r\ncountless meetings,
discussions and graphs and of course for proofreading and\r\nadvice for this thesis.
For proofreading I also want to thank Evi, Jörg, Jack and\r\nAnne.\r\nI would like
to acknowledge Matthias Mehling for a very productive\r\ncollaboration and for introducing
me into the wild world of microfluidics. Jack\r\nMerrin, for countless wafers, PDMS
coated coverslips and help with anything\r\nmicro-fabrication related. And Maria
Nemethova for establishing the ‘click’\r\npatterning approach with me. Without her
it still would be just one of the ideas…\r\nMany thanks to Ekaterina Papusheva,
Robert Hauschild, Doreen Milius\r\nand Nasser Darwish from the Bioimaging Facility
as well as the Preclinical and\r\nthe Life Science facilities of IST Austria for
excellent technical support. At this\r\npoint I especially want to thank Robert
for countless image analyses and\r\ntechnical ideas. Always interested and creative
he played an essential role in all\r\nof my projects.\r\nAdditionally I want to
thank Ingrid and Gabby for welcoming me warmly\r\nwhen I first started at IST, for
scientific and especially mental support in all\r\nthose years, countless coffee
sessions and Heurigen evenings. #BioimagingFacility #LifeScienceFacility #PreClinicalFacility"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Schwarz, Jan
id: 346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Schwarz
citation:
ama: Schwarz J. Quantitative analysis of haptotactic cell migration. 2016.
apa: Schwarz, J. (2016). Quantitative analysis of haptotactic cell migration.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Schwarz, Jan. “Quantitative Analysis of Haptotactic Cell Migration.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ieee: J. Schwarz, “Quantitative analysis of haptotactic cell migration,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Schwarz J. 2016. Quantitative analysis of haptotactic cell migration. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Schwarz, Jan. Quantitative Analysis of Haptotactic Cell Migration. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
short: J. Schwarz, Quantitative Analysis of Haptotactic Cell Migration, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:18Z
date_published: 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:54:33Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: MiSi
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: e3cd6b28f9c5cccb8891855565a2dade
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-08-13T10:55:35Z
date_updated: 2019-08-13T10:55:35Z
file_id: '6813'
file_name: Thesis_JSchwarz_final.pdf
file_size: 32044069
relation: main_file
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checksum: c3dbe219acf87eed2f46d21d5cca00de
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-22T11:43:14Z
date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:43:14Z
file_id: '9181'
file_name: 2016_Thesis_JSchwarz.pdf
file_size: 8396717
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:43:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '178'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6231'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
title: Quantitative analysis of haptotactic cell migration
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1126'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Traditionally machine learning has been focusing on the problem of solving
a single\r\ntask in isolation. While being quite well understood, this approach
disregards an\r\nimportant aspect of human learning: when facing a new problem,
humans are able to\r\nexploit knowledge acquired from previously learned tasks.
Intuitively, access to several\r\nproblems simultaneously or sequentially could
also be advantageous for a machine\r\nlearning system, especially if these tasks
are closely related. Indeed, results of many\r\nempirical studies have provided
justification for this intuition. However, theoretical\r\njustifications of this
idea are rather limited.\r\nThe focus of this thesis is to expand the understanding
of potential benefits of information\r\ntransfer between several related learning
problems. We provide theoretical\r\nanalysis for three scenarios of multi-task
learning - multiple kernel learning, sequential\r\nlearning and active task selection.
We also provide a PAC-Bayesian perspective on\r\nlifelong learning and investigate
how the task generation process influences the generalization\r\nguarantees in
this scenario. In addition, we show how some of the obtained\r\ntheoretical results
can be used to derive principled multi-task and lifelong learning\r\nalgorithms
and illustrate their performance on various synthetic and real-world datasets."
acknowledgement: "First and foremost I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor,
Christoph\r\nLampert. Thank you for your patience in teaching me all aspects of
doing research\r\n(including English grammar), for your trust in my capabilities
and endless support. Thank\r\nyou for granting me freedom in my research and, at
the same time, having time and\r\nhelping me cope with the consequences whenever
I needed it. Thank you for creating\r\nan excellent atmosphere in the group, it
was a great pleasure and honor to be a part of\r\nit. There could not have been
a better and more inspiring adviser and mentor.\r\nI thank Shai Ben-David for welcoming
me into his group at the University of Waterloo,\r\nfor inspiring discussions and
support. It was a great pleasure to work together. I am\r\nalso thankful to Ruth
Urner for hosting me at the Max-Planck Institute Tübingen, for the\r\nfruitful
collaboration and for taking care of me during that not-so-sunny month of May.\r\nI
thank Jan Maas for kindly joining my thesis committee despite the short notice and\r\nproviding
me with insightful comments.\r\nI would like to thank my colleagues for their support,
entertaining conversations and\r\nendless table soccer games we shared together:
Georg, Jan, Amelie and Emilie, Michal\r\nand Alex, Alex K. and Alex Z., Thomas,
Sameh, Vlad, Mayu, Nathaniel, Silvester, Neel,\r\nCsaba, Vladimir, Morten. Thank
you, Mabel and Ram, for the wonderful time we spent\r\ntogether. I am thankful to
Shrinu and Samira for taking care of me during my stay at the\r\nUniversity of Waterloo.
Special thanks to Viktoriia for her never-ending optimism and for\r\nbeing so inspiring
and supportive, especially at the beginning of my PhD journey.\r\nThanks to IST
administration, in particular, Vlad and Elisabeth for shielding me from\r\nmost
of the bureaucratic paperwork.\r\n\r\nThis dissertation would not have been possible
without funding from the European\r\nResearch Council under the European Union's
Seventh Framework Programme\r\n(FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no 308036."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Anastasia
full_name: Pentina, Anastasia
id: 42E87FC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pentina
citation:
ama: Pentina A. Theoretical foundations of multi-task lifelong learning. 2016. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_776
apa: Pentina, A. (2016). Theoretical foundations of multi-task lifelong learning.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_776
chicago: Pentina, Anastasia. “Theoretical Foundations of Multi-Task Lifelong Learning.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_776.
ieee: A. Pentina, “Theoretical foundations of multi-task lifelong learning,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Pentina A. 2016. Theoretical foundations of multi-task lifelong learning.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Pentina, Anastasia. Theoretical Foundations of Multi-Task Lifelong Learning.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_776.
short: A. Pentina, Theoretical Foundations of Multi-Task Lifelong Learning, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:17Z
date_published: 2016-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:52:03Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '006'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_776
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:14:07Z
date_updated: 2018-12-12T10:14:07Z
file_id: '5056'
file_name: IST-2017-776-v1+1_Pentina_Thesis_2016.pdf
file_size: 2140062
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2018-12-12T10:14:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '127'
project:
- _id: 2532554C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '308036'
name: Lifelong Learning of Visual Scene Understanding
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6234'
pubrep_id: '776'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Lampert, Christoph
id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lampert
orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
title: Theoretical foundations of multi-task lifelong learning
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1397'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We study partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with objectives
used in verification and artificial intelligence. The qualitative analysis problem
given a POMDP and an objective asks whether there is a strategy (policy) to ensure
that the objective is satisfied almost surely (with probability 1), resp. with
positive probability (with probability greater than 0). For POMDPs with limit-average
payoff, where a reward value in the interval [0,1] is associated to every transition,
and the payoff of an infinite path is the long-run average of the rewards, we
consider two types of path constraints: (i) a quantitative limit-average constraint
defines the set of paths where the payoff is at least a given threshold L1 = 1.
Our main results for qualitative limit-average constraint under almost-sure winning
are as follows: (i) the problem of deciding the existence of a finite-memory controller
is EXPTIME-complete; and (ii) the problem of deciding the existence of an infinite-memory
controller is undecidable. For quantitative limit-average constraints we show
that the problem of deciding the existence of a finite-memory controller is undecidable.
We present a prototype implementation of our EXPTIME algorithm. For POMDPs with
w-regular conditions specified as parity objectives, while the qualitative analysis
problems are known to be undecidable even for very special case of parity objectives,
we establish decidability (with optimal complexity) of the qualitative analysis
problems for POMDPs with parity objectives under finite-memory strategies. We
establish optimal (exponential) memory bounds and EXPTIME-completeness of the
qualitative analysis problems under finite-memory strategies for POMDPs with parity
objectives. Based on our theoretical algorithms we also present a practical approach,
where we design heuristics to deal with the exponential complexity, and have applied
our implementation on a number of well-known POMDP examples for robotics applications.
For POMDPs with a set of target states and an integer cost associated with every
transition, we study the optimization objective that asks to minimize the expected
total cost of reaching a state in the target set, while ensuring that the target
set is reached almost surely. We show that for general integer costs approximating
the optimal cost is undecidable. For positive costs, our results are as follows:
(i) we establish matching lower and upper bounds for the optimal cost, both double
and exponential in the POMDP state space size; (ii) we show that the problem of
approximating the optimal cost is decidable and present approximation algorithms
that extend existing algorithms for POMDPs with finite-horizon objectives. We
show experimentally that it performs well in many examples of interest. We study
more deeply the problem of almost-sure reachability, where given a set of target
states, the question is to decide whether there is a strategy to ensure that the
target set is reached almost surely. While in general the problem EXPTIME-complete,
in many practical cases strategies with a small amount of memory suffice. Moreover,
the existing solution to the problem is explicit, which first requires to construct
explicitly an exponential reduction to a belief-support MDP. We first study the
existence of observation-stationary strategies, which is NP-complete, and then
small-memory strategies. We present a symbolic algorithm by an efficient encoding
to SAT and using a SAT solver for the problem. We report experimental results
demonstrating the scalability of our symbolic (SAT-based) approach. Decentralized
POMDPs (DEC-POMDPs) extend POMDPs to a multi-agent setting, where several agents
operate in an uncertain environment independently to achieve a joint objective.
In this work we consider Goal DEC-POMDPs, where given a set of target states,
the objective is to ensure that the target set is reached with minimal cost. We
consider the indefinite-horizon (infinite-horizon with either discounted-sum,
or undiscounted-sum, where absorbing goal states have zero-cost) problem. We present
a new and novel method to solve the problem that extends methods for finite-horizon
DEC-POMDPs and the real-time dynamic programming approach for POMDPs. We present
experimental results on several examples, and show that our approach presents
promising results. In the end we present a short summary of a few other results
related to verification of MDPs and POMDPs.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Chmelik, Martin
id: 3624234E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Chmelik
citation:
ama: Chmelik M. Algorithms for partially observable markov decision processes. 2016.
apa: Chmelik, M. (2016). Algorithms for partially observable markov decision
processes. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Chmelik, Martin. “Algorithms for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ieee: M. Chmelik, “Algorithms for partially observable markov decision processes,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Chmelik M. 2016. Algorithms for partially observable markov decision processes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Chmelik, Martin. Algorithms for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
short: M. Chmelik, Algorithms for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:47Z
date_published: 2016-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:54:58Z
day: '01'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: KrCh
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: '232'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '5810'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Krishnendu
full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Chatterjee
orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
title: Algorithms for partially observable markov decision processes
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1123'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Motivated by topological Tverberg-type problems in topological combinatorics
and by classical\r\nresults about embeddings (maps without double points), we
study the question whether a finite\r\nsimplicial complex K can be mapped into
Rd without triple, quadruple, or, more generally, r-fold points (image points
with at least r distinct preimages), for a given multiplicity r ≤ 2. In particular,
we are interested in maps f : K → Rd that have no global r -fold intersection
points, i.e., no r -fold points with preimages in r pairwise disjoint simplices
of K , and we seek necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such
maps.\r\n\r\nWe present higher-multiplicity analogues of several classical results
for embeddings, in particular of the completeness of the Van Kampen obstruction
\ for embeddability of k -dimensional\r\ncomplexes into R2k , k ≥ 3. Speciffically,
we show that under suitable restrictions on the dimensions(viz., if dimK = (r
≥ 1)k and d = rk \\ for some k ≥ 3), a well-known deleted product criterion
(DPC ) is not only necessary but also sufficient for the existence of maps without
global r -fold points. Our main technical tool is a higher-multiplicity version
of the classical Whitney trick , by which pairs of isolated r -fold points of
opposite sign can be eliminated by local modiffications of the map, assuming
codimension d – dimK ≥ 3.\r\n\r\nAn important guiding idea for our work was that
suffciency of the DPC, together with an old\r\nresult of Özaydin's on the existence
of equivariant maps, might yield an approach to disproving the remaining open
cases of the the long-standing topological Tverberg conjecture , i.e., to construct
maps from the N -simplex σN to Rd without r-Tverberg points when r not a prime
power and\r\nN = (d + 1)(r – 1). Unfortunately, our proof of the sufficiency
of the DPC requires codimension d – dimK ≥ 3, which is not satisfied for K =
σN .\r\n\r\nIn 2015, Frick [16] found a very elegant way to overcome this \\codimension
3 obstacle" and\r\nto construct the first counterexamples to the topological
Tverberg conjecture for all parameters(d; r ) with d ≥ 3r + 1 and r not a prime
power, by a reduction1 to a suitable lower-dimensional skeleton, for which the
codimension 3 restriction is satisfied and maps without r -Tverberg points exist
by Özaydin's result and sufficiency of the DPC.\r\n\r\nIn this thesis, we present
a different construction (which does not use the constraint method) that yields
counterexamples for d ≥ 3r , r not a prime power. "
acknowledgement: "Foremost, I would like to thank Uli Wagner for introducing me to
the exciting interface between\r\ntopology and combinatorics, and for our subsequent
years of fruitful collaboration.\r\nIn our creative endeavors to eliminate intersection
points, we had the chance to be joined later\r\nby Sergey Avvakumov and Arkadiy
Skopenkov, which led us to new surprises in dimension 12.\r\nMy stay at EPFL and
IST Austria was made very agreeable thanks to all these wonderful\r\npeople: Cyril
Becker, Marek Filakovsky, Peter Franek, Radoslav Fulek, Peter Gazi, Kristof Huszar,\r\nMarek
Krcal, Zuzana Masarova, Arnaud de Mesmay, Filip Moric, Michal Rybar, Martin Tancer,\r\nand
Stephan Zhechev.\r\nFinally, I would like to thank my thesis committee Herbert Edelsbrunner
and Roman Karasev\r\nfor their careful reading of the present manuscript and for
the many improvements they suggested."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Isaac
full_name: Mabillard, Isaac
id: 32BF9DAA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mabillard
citation:
ama: 'Mabillard I. Eliminating higher-multiplicity intersections: an r-fold Whitney
trick for the topological Tverberg conjecture. 2016.'
apa: 'Mabillard, I. (2016). Eliminating higher-multiplicity intersections: an
r-fold Whitney trick for the topological Tverberg conjecture. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria.'
chicago: 'Mabillard, Isaac. “Eliminating Higher-Multiplicity Intersections: An r-Fold
Whitney Trick for the Topological Tverberg Conjecture.” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2016.'
ieee: 'I. Mabillard, “Eliminating higher-multiplicity intersections: an r-fold Whitney
trick for the topological Tverberg conjecture,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2016.'
ista: 'Mabillard I. 2016. Eliminating higher-multiplicity intersections: an r-fold
Whitney trick for the topological Tverberg conjecture. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Mabillard, Isaac. Eliminating Higher-Multiplicity Intersections: An r-Fold
Whitney Trick for the Topological Tverberg Conjecture. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2016.'
short: 'I. Mabillard, Eliminating Higher-Multiplicity Intersections: An r-Fold Whitney
Trick for the Topological Tverberg Conjecture, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2016.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:16Z
date_published: 2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:56:28Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '500'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: UlWa
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 2d140cc924cd1b764544906fc22684ef
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-08-13T08:45:27Z
date_updated: 2019-08-13T08:45:27Z
file_id: '6809'
file_name: Thesis_final version_Mabillard_w_signature_page.pdf
file_size: 2227916
relation: main_file
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checksum: 2d140cc924cd1b764544906fc22684ef
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-22T11:36:34Z
date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:36:34Z
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file_size: 2227916
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success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:36:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '55'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6237'
related_material:
record:
- id: '2159'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Uli
full_name: Wagner, Uli
id: 36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wagner
orcid: 0000-0002-1494-0568
title: 'Eliminating higher-multiplicity intersections: an r-fold Whitney trick for
the topological Tverberg conjecture'
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1396'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: CA3 pyramidal neurons are thought to pay a key role in memory storage and
pattern completion by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity between CA3-CA3 recurrent
excitatory synapses. To examine the induction rules of synaptic plasticity at
CA3-CA3 synapses, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute hippocampal
slices from rats (postnatal 21-24 days) at room temperature. Compound excitatory
postsynaptic potentials (ESPSs) were recorded by tract stimulation in stratum
oriens in the presence of 10 µM gabazine. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) induced
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP). Although
LTP by HFS did not requier postsynaptic spikes, it was blocked by Na+-channel
blockers suggesting that local active processes (e.g.) dendritic spikes) may contribute
to LTP induction without requirement of a somatic action potential (AP). We next
examined the properties of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at CA3-CA3
synapses. Unexpectedly, low-frequency pairing of EPSPs and backpropagated action
potentialy (bAPs) induced LTP, independent of temporal order. The STDP curve was
symmetric and broad, with a half-width of ~150 ms. Consistent with these specific
STDP induction properties, post-presynaptic sequences led to a supralinear summation
of spine [Ca2+] transients. Furthermore, in autoassociative network models, storage
and recall was substantially more robust with symmetric than with asymmetric STDP
rules. In conclusion, we found associative forms of LTP at CA3-CA3 recurrent collateral
synapses with distinct induction rules. LTP induced by HFS may be associated with
dendritic spikes. In contrast, low frequency pairing of pre- and postsynaptic
activity induced LTP only if EPSP-AP were temporally very close. Together, these
induction mechanisms of synaptiic plasticity may contribute to memory storage
in the CA3-CA3 microcircuit at different ranges of activity.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rajiv Kumar
full_name: Mishra, Rajiv Kumar
id: 46CB58F2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mishra
citation:
ama: Mishra RK. Synaptic plasticity rules at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses in hippocampus.
2016.
apa: Mishra, R. K. (2016). Synaptic plasticity rules at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses
in hippocampus. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
chicago: Mishra, Rajiv Kumar. “Synaptic Plasticity Rules at CA3-CA3 Recurrent Synapses
in Hippocampus.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ieee: R. K. Mishra, “Synaptic plasticity rules at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses in
hippocampus,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
ista: Mishra RK. 2016. Synaptic plasticity rules at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses in
hippocampus. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Mishra, Rajiv Kumar. Synaptic Plasticity Rules at CA3-CA3 Recurrent Synapses
in Hippocampus. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
short: R.K. Mishra, Synaptic Plasticity Rules at CA3-CA3 Recurrent Synapses in Hippocampus,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2016.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:46Z
date_published: 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:55:26Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: PeJo
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 5a010a838faf040f7064f3cfb802f743
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-08-09T12:14:46Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:48Z
file_id: '6782'
file_name: Thesis_Mishra_Rajiv (Final).pdf
file_size: 2407572
relation: main_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 81b26d9ede92c99f1d8cc6fa1d04cbbb
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-22T11:48:44Z
date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:48:44Z
file_id: '9183'
file_name: 2016_RajivMishra_Thesis.pdf
file_size: 2407572
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-22T11:48:44Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '83'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '5811'
related_material:
record:
- id: '1432'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
title: Synaptic plasticity rules at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses in hippocampus
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2016'
...