---
_id: '10429'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The scalability of concurrent data structures and distributed algorithms
strongly depends on\r\nreducing the contention for shared resources and the costs
of synchronization and communication. We show how such cost reductions can be
attained by relaxing the strict consistency conditions required by sequential
implementations. In the first part of the thesis, we consider relaxation in the
context of concurrent data structures. Specifically, in data structures \r\nsuch
as priority queues, imposing strong semantics renders scalability impossible,
since a correct implementation of the remove operation should return only the
element with highest priority. Intuitively, attempting to invoke remove operations
concurrently creates a race condition. This bottleneck can be circumvented by
relaxing semantics of the affected data structure, thus allowing removal of the
elements which are no longer required to have the highest priority. We prove that
the randomized implementations of relaxed data structures provide provable guarantees
on the priority of the removed elements even under concurrency. Additionally,
we show that in some cases the relaxed data structures can be used to scale the
classical algorithms which are usually implemented with the exact ones. In the
second part, we study parallel variants of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD)
algorithm, which distribute computation among the multiple processors, thus reducing
the running time. Unfortunately, in order for standard parallel SGD to succeed,
each processor has to maintain a local copy of the necessary model parameter,
which is identical to the local copies of other processors; the overheads from
this perfect consistency in terms of communication and synchronization can negate
the speedup gained by distributing the computation. We show that the consistency
conditions required by SGD can be relaxed, allowing the algorithm to be more
flexible in terms of tolerating quantized communication, asynchrony, or even crash
faults, while its convergence remains asymptotically the same."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Giorgi
full_name: Nadiradze, Giorgi
id: 3279A00C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Nadiradze
orcid: 0000-0001-5634-0731
citation:
ama: Nadiradze G. On achieving scalability through relaxation. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:10429
apa: Nadiradze, G. (2021). On achieving scalability through relaxation. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10429
chicago: Nadiradze, Giorgi. “On Achieving Scalability through Relaxation.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10429.
ieee: G. Nadiradze, “On achieving scalability through relaxation,” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Nadiradze G. 2021. On achieving scalability through relaxation. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Nadiradze, Giorgi. On Achieving Scalability through Relaxation. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:10429.
short: G. Nadiradze, On Achieving Scalability through Relaxation, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-12-08T21:52:28Z
date_published: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-17T11:48:55Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: DaAl
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:10429
ec_funded: 1
file:
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checksum: 6bf14e9a523387328f016c0689f5e10e
content_type: application/pdf
creator: gnadirad
date_created: 2021-12-09T17:47:49Z
date_updated: 2021-12-09T17:47:49Z
file_id: '10436'
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content_type: application/zip
creator: gnadirad
date_created: 2021-12-09T17:47:49Z
date_updated: 2022-03-28T12:55:12Z
file_id: '10437'
file_name: Thesis_Final_09_12_2021.zip
file_size: 2596924
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2022-03-28T12:55:12Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '132'
project:
- _id: 268A44D6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '805223'
name: Elastic Coordination for Scalable Machine Learning
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '10432'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6673'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '5965'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '10435'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alistarh
orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
title: On achieving scalability through relaxation
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9733'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This thesis is the result of the research carried out by the author during
his PhD at IST Austria between 2017 and 2021. It mainly focuses on the Fröhlich
polaron model, specifically to its regime of strong coupling. This model, which
is rigorously introduced and discussed in the introduction, has been of great
interest in condensed matter physics and field theory for more than eighty years.
It is used to describe an electron interacting with the atoms of a solid material
(the strength of this interaction is modeled by the presence of a coupling constant
α in the Hamiltonian of the system). The particular regime examined here, which
is mathematically described by considering the limit α →∞, displays many interesting
features related to the emergence of classical behavior, which allows for a simplified
effective description of the system under analysis. The properties, the range
of validity and a quantitative analysis of the precision of such classical approximations
are the main object of the present work. We specify our investigation to the study
of the ground state energy of the system, its dynamics and its effective mass.
For each of these problems, we provide in the introduction an overview of the
previously known results and a detailed account of the original contributions
by the author.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Dario
full_name: Feliciangeli, Dario
id: 41A639AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Feliciangeli
orcid: 0000-0003-0754-8530
citation:
ama: Feliciangeli D. The polaron at strong coupling. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:9733
apa: Feliciangeli, D. (2021). The polaron at strong coupling. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9733
chicago: Feliciangeli, Dario. “The Polaron at Strong Coupling.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9733.
ieee: D. Feliciangeli, “The polaron at strong coupling,” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Feliciangeli D. 2021. The polaron at strong coupling. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Feliciangeli, Dario. The Polaron at Strong Coupling. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:9733.
short: D. Feliciangeli, The Polaron at Strong Coupling, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-07-27T15:48:30Z
date_published: 2021-08-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-06T12:30:44Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '515'
- '519'
- '539'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: RoSe
- _id: JaMa
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:9733
ec_funded: 1
file:
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checksum: e88bb8ca43948abe060eb2d2fa719881
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creator: dfelicia
date_created: 2021-08-19T14:03:48Z
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date_updated: 2022-03-10T12:13:57Z
file_id: '9945'
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '180'
project:
- _id: 256E75B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '716117'
name: Optimal Transport and Stochastic Dynamics
- _id: 25C6DC12-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '694227'
name: Analysis of quantum many-body systems
- _id: fc31cba2-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff467d239cd2
grant_number: F6504
name: Taming Complexity in Partial Differential Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '9787'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '9792'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '9225'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '9781'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '9791'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Seiringer, Robert
id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Seiringer
orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Maas, Jan
id: 4C5696CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Maas
orcid: 0000-0002-0845-1338
title: The polaron at strong coupling
tmp:
image: /image/cc_by_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-ND (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9992'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Blood – this is what animals use to heal wounds fast and efficient. Plants
do not have blood circulation and their cells cannot move. However, plants have
evolved remarkable capacities to regenerate tissues and organs preventing further
damage. In my PhD research, I studied the wound healing in the Arabidopsis root.
I used a UV laser to ablate single cells in the root tip and observed the consequent
wound healing. Interestingly, the inner adjacent cells induced a\r\ndivision plane
switch and subsequently adopted the cell type of the killed cell to replace it.
We termed this form of wound healing “restorative divisions”. This initial observation
triggered the questions of my PhD studies: How and why do cells orient their division
planes, how do they feel the wound and why does this happen only in inner adjacent
cells.\r\nFor answering these questions, I used a quite simple experimental setup:
5 day - old seedlings were stained with propidium iodide to visualize cell walls
and dead cells; ablation was carried out using a special laser cutter and a confocal
microscope. Adaptation of the novel vertical microscope system made it possible
to observe wounds in real time. This revealed that restorative divisions occur
at increased frequency compared to normal divisions. Additionally,\r\nthe major
plant hormone auxin accumulates in wound adjacent cells and drives the expression
of the wound-stress responsive transcription factor ERF115. Using this as a marker
gene for wound responses, we found that an important part of wound signalling
is the sensing of the collapse of the ablated cell. The collapse causes a radical
pressure drop, which results in strong tissue deformations. These deformations
manifest in an invasion of the now free spot specifically by the inner adjacent
cells within seconds, probably because of higher pressure of the inner tissues.
Long-term imaging revealed that those deformed cells continuously expand towards
the wound hole and that this is crucial for the restorative division. These wound-expanding
cells exhibit an abnormal, biphasic polarity of microtubule arrays\r\nbefore the
division. Experiments inhibiting cell expansion suggest that it is the biphasic
stretching that induces those MT arrays. Adapting the micromanipulator aspiration
system from animal scientists at our institute confirmed the hypothesis that stretching
influences microtubule stability. In conclusion, this shows that microtubules
react to tissue deformation\r\nand this facilitates the observed division plane
switch. This puts mechanical cues and tensions at the most prominent position
for explaining the growth and wound healing properties of plants. Hence, it shines
light onto the importance of understanding mechanical signal transduction. "
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Hörmayer, Lukas
id: 2EEE7A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hörmayer
orcid: 0000-0001-8295-2926
citation:
ama: Hörmayer L. Wound healing in the Arabidopsis root meristem. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:9992
apa: Hörmayer, L. (2021). Wound healing in the Arabidopsis root meristem.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9992
chicago: Hörmayer, Lukas. “Wound Healing in the Arabidopsis Root Meristem.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9992.
ieee: L. Hörmayer, “Wound healing in the Arabidopsis root meristem,” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Hörmayer L. 2021. Wound healing in the Arabidopsis root meristem. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Hörmayer, Lukas. Wound Healing in the Arabidopsis Root Meristem. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:9992.
short: L. Hörmayer, Wound Healing in the Arabidopsis Root Meristem, Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-09-09T07:37:20Z
date_published: 2021-09-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:38:33Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '575'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:9992
ec_funded: 1
file:
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checksum: c763064adaa720e16066c1a4f9682bbb
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date_created: 2021-09-09T07:29:48Z
date_updated: 2021-09-15T22:30:26Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '9993'
file_name: Thesis_vupload.docx
file_size: 25179004
relation: source_file
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checksum: 53911b06e93d7cdbbf4c7f4c162fa70f
content_type: application/pdf
creator: lhoermaye
date_created: 2021-09-09T14:25:08Z
date_updated: 2021-09-15T22:30:26Z
embargo: 2021-09-09
file_id: '9996'
file_name: Thesis_vfinal_pdfa.pdf
file_size: 6246900
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-09-15T22:30:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '168'
project:
- _id: 262EF96E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P29988
name: RNA-directed DNA methylation in plant development
- _id: 261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742985'
name: Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '6351'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6943'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8002'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
title: Wound healing in the Arabidopsis root meristem
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9623'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Cytoplasmic reorganizations are essential for morphogenesis. In large cells
like oocytes, these reorganizations become crucial in patterning the oocyte for
later stages of embryonic development. Ascidians oocytes reorganize their cytoplasm
(ooplasm) in a spectacular manner. Ooplasmic reorganization is initiated at fertilization
with the contraction of the actomyosin cortex along the animal-vegetal axis of
the oocyte, driving the accumulation of cortical endoplasmic reticulum (cER),
maternal mRNAs associated to it and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer – the
myoplasm – in a region of the vegetal pole termed contraction pole (CP). Here
we have used the species Phallusia mammillata to investigate the changes in cell
shape that accompany these reorganizations and the mechanochemical mechanisms
underlining CP formation.\r\nWe report that the length of the animal-vegetal (AV)
axis oscillates upon fertilization: it first undergoes a cycle of fast elongation-lengthening
followed by a slow expansion of mainly the vegetal pole (VP) of the cell. We show
that the fast oscillation corresponds to a dynamic polarization of the actin cortex
as a result of a fertilization-induced increase in cortical tension in the oocyte
that triggers a rupture of the cortex at the animal pole and the establishment
of vegetal-directed cortical flows. These flows are responsible for the vegetal
accumulation of actin causing the VP to flatten. \r\nWe find that the slow expansion
of the VP, leading to CP formation, correlates with a relaxation of the vegetal
cortex and that the myoplasm plays a role in the expansion. We show that the myoplasm
is a solid-like layer that buckles under compression forces arising from the contracting
actin cortex at the VP. Straightening of the myoplasm when actin flows stops,
facilitates the expansion of the VP and the CP. Altogether, our results present
a previously unrecognized role for the myoplasm in ascidian ooplasmic segregation.
\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Silvia
full_name: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia
id: 2F1E1758-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Caballero Mancebo
orcid: 0000-0002-5223-3346
citation:
ama: Caballero Mancebo S. Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled by the
actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes. 2021.
doi:10.15479/at:ista:9623
apa: Caballero Mancebo, S. (2021). Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled
by the actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9623
chicago: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia. “Fertilization-Induced Deformations Are Controlled
by the Actin Cortex and a Mitochondria-Rich Subcortical Layer in Ascidian Oocytes.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9623.
ieee: S. Caballero Mancebo, “Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled by
the actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Caballero Mancebo S. 2021. Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled
by the actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia. Fertilization-Induced Deformations Are Controlled
by the Actin Cortex and a Mitochondria-Rich Subcortical Layer in Ascidian Oocytes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:9623.
short: S. Caballero Mancebo, Fertilization-Induced Deformations Are Controlled by
the Actin Cortex and a Mitochondria-Rich Subcortical Layer in Ascidian Oocytes,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-07-01T14:50:17Z
date_published: 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:33:27Z
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:9623
file:
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content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
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date_created: 2021-07-01T14:48:54Z
date_updated: 2022-07-02T22:30:06Z
embargo_to: open_access
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file_name: PhDThesis_SCM.docx
file_size: 131946790
relation: source_file
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creator: scaballe
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date_updated: 2022-07-02T22:30:06Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
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month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '111'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-012-1
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '9750'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '9006'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
title: Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled by the actin cortex and a
mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10058'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Quantum information and computation has become a vast field paved with opportunities
for researchers and investors. As large multinational companies and international
funds are heavily investing in quantum technologies it is still a question which
platform is best suited for the task of realizing a scalable quantum processor.
In this work we investigate hole spins in Ge quantum wells. These hold great promise
as they possess several favorable properties: a small effective mass, a strong
spin-orbit coupling, long relaxation time and an inherent immunity to hyperfine
noise. All these characteristics helped Ge hole spin qubits to evolve from a single
qubit to a fully entangled four qubit processor in only 3 years. Here, we investigated
a qubit approach leveraging the large out-of-plane g-factors of heavy hole states
in Ge quantum dots. We found this qubit to be reproducibly operable at extremely
low magnetic field and at large speeds while maintaining coherence. This was possible
because large differences of g-factors in adjacent dots can be achieved in the
out-of-plane direction. In the in-plane direction the small g-factors, on the
other hand, can be altered very effectively by the confinement potentials. Here,
we found that this can even lead to a sign change of the g-factors. The resulting
g-factor difference alters the dynamics of the system drastically and produces
effects typically attributed to a spin-orbit induced spin-flip term. The investigations
carried out in this thesis give further insights into the possibilities of holes
in Ge and reveal new physical properties that need to be considered when designing
future spin qubit experiments.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: The author gratefully acknowledges support by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF), grants No P30207, and the Nomis foundation.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jirovec
orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
citation:
ama: Jirovec D. Singlet-Triplet qubits and spin-orbit interaction in 2-dimensional
Ge hole gases. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:10058
apa: Jirovec, D. (2021). Singlet-Triplet qubits and spin-orbit interaction in
2-dimensional Ge hole gases. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10058
chicago: Jirovec, Daniel. “Singlet-Triplet Qubits and Spin-Orbit Interaction in
2-Dimensional Ge Hole Gases.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10058.
ieee: D. Jirovec, “Singlet-Triplet qubits and spin-orbit interaction in 2-dimensional
Ge hole gases,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Jirovec D. 2021. Singlet-Triplet qubits and spin-orbit interaction in 2-dimensional
Ge hole gases. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Jirovec, Daniel. Singlet-Triplet Qubits and Spin-Orbit Interaction in 2-Dimensional
Ge Hole Gases. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:10058.
short: D. Jirovec, Singlet-Triplet Qubits and Spin-Orbit Interaction in 2-Dimensional
Ge Hole Gases, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-09-30T07:53:49Z
date_published: 2021-10-05T00:00:00Z
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name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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supervisor:
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full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
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orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
title: Singlet-Triplet qubits and spin-orbit interaction in 2-dimensional Ge hole
gases
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