---
_id: '8155'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "In the thesis we focus on the interplay of the biophysics and evolution of
gene regulation. We start by addressing how the type of prokaryotic gene regulation
– activation and repression – affects spurious binding to DNA, also known as\r\ntranscriptional
crosstalk. We propose that regulatory interference caused by excess regulatory
proteins in the dense cellular medium – global crosstalk – could be a factor in
determining which type of gene regulatory network is evolutionarily preferred.
Next,we use a normative approach in eukaryotic gene regulation to describe minimal\r\nnon-equilibrium
enhancer models that optimize so-called regulatory phenotypes. We find a class
of models that differ from standard thermodynamic equilibrium models by a single
parameter that notably increases the regulatory performance. Next chapter addresses
the question of genotype-phenotype-fitness maps of higher dimensional phenotypes.
We show that our biophysically realistic approach allows us to understand how
the mechanisms of promoter function constrain genotypephenotype maps, and how
they affect the evolutionary trajectories of promoters.\r\nIn the last chapter
we ask whether the intrinsic instability of gene duplication and amplification
provides a generic alternative to canonical gene regulation. Using mathematical
modeling, we show that amplifications can tune gene expression in many environments,
including those where transcription factor-based schemes are\r\nhard to evolve
or maintain. "
acknowledgement: For the duration of his PhD, Rok was a recipient of a DOC fellowship
of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rok
full_name: Grah, Rok
id: 483E70DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Grah
orcid: 0000-0003-2539-3560
citation:
ama: Grah R. Gene regulation across scales – how biophysical constraints shape evolution.
2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8155
apa: Grah, R. (2020). Gene regulation across scales – how biophysical constraints
shape evolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8155
chicago: Grah, Rok. “Gene Regulation across Scales – How Biophysical Constraints
Shape Evolution.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8155.
ieee: R. Grah, “Gene regulation across scales – how biophysical constraints shape
evolution,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Grah R. 2020. Gene regulation across scales – how biophysical constraints
shape evolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Grah, Rok. Gene Regulation across Scales – How Biophysical Constraints Shape
Evolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8155.
short: R. Grah, Gene Regulation across Scales – How Biophysical Constraints Shape
Evolution, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-07-23T09:51:28Z
date_published: 2020-07-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:13:27Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '530'
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaGu
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8155
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: rgrah
date_created: 2020-07-27T12:00:07Z
date_updated: 2020-07-27T12:00:07Z
file_id: '8176'
file_name: Thesis_RokGrah_200727_convertedNew.pdf
file_size: 16638998
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/zip
creator: rgrah
date_created: 2020-07-27T12:02:23Z
date_updated: 2020-07-30T13:04:55Z
file_id: '8177'
file_name: Thesis_new.zip
file_size: 347459978
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-30T13:04:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '310'
project:
- _id: 267C84F4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Biophysically realistic genotype-phenotype maps for regulatory networks
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7675'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7569'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7652'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Calin C
full_name: Guet, Calin C
id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Guet
orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
- first_name: Gašper
full_name: Tkačik, Gašper
id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tkačik
orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
title: Gene regulation across scales – how biophysical constraints shape evolution
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7460'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Many methods for the reconstruction of shapes from sets of points produce
ordered simplicial complexes, which are collections of vertices, edges, triangles,
and their higher-dimensional analogues, called simplices, in which every simplex
gets assigned a real value measuring its size. This thesis studies ordered simplicial
complexes, with a focus on their topology, which reflects the connectedness of
the represented shapes and the presence of holes. We are interested both in understanding
better the structure of these complexes, as well as in developing algorithms for
applications.\r\n\r\nFor the Delaunay triangulation, the most popular measure
for a simplex is the radius of the smallest empty circumsphere. Based on it, we
revisit Alpha and Wrap complexes and experimentally determine their probabilistic
properties for random data. Also, we prove the existence of tri-partitions, propose
algorithms to open and close holes, and extend the concepts from Euclidean to
Bregman geometries."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Ölsböck, Katharina
id: 4D4AA390-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ölsböck
orcid: 0000-0002-4672-8297
citation:
ama: Ölsböck K. The hole system of triangulated shapes. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7460
apa: Ölsböck, K. (2020). The hole system of triangulated shapes. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7460
chicago: Ölsböck, Katharina. “The Hole System of Triangulated Shapes.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7460.
ieee: K. Ölsböck, “The hole system of triangulated shapes,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Ölsböck K. 2020. The hole system of triangulated shapes. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Ölsböck, Katharina. The Hole System of Triangulated Shapes. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7460.
short: K. Ölsböck, The Hole System of Triangulated Shapes, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-02-06T14:56:53Z
date_published: 2020-02-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:15:30Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '514'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HeEd
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7460
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1df9f8c530b443c0e63a3f2e4fde412e
content_type: application/pdf
creator: koelsboe
date_created: 2020-02-06T14:43:54Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:58Z
file_id: '7461'
file_name: thesis_ist-final_noack.pdf
file_size: 76195184
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 7a52383c812b0be64d3826546509e5a4
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: koelsboe
date_created: 2020-02-06T14:52:45Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:58Z
description: latex source files, figures
file_id: '7462'
file_name: latex-files.zip
file_size: 122103715
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:58Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- shape reconstruction
- hole manipulation
- ordered complexes
- Alpha complex
- Wrap complex
- computational topology
- Bregman geometry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '155'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '6608'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Herbert
full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Edelsbrunner
orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
title: The hole system of triangulated shapes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7896'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "A search problem lies in the complexity class FNP if a solution to the given
instance of the problem can be verified efficiently. The complexity class TFNP
consists of all search problems in FNP that are total in the sense that a solution
is guaranteed to exist. TFNP contains a host of interesting problems from fields
such as algorithmic game theory, computational topology, number theory and combinatorics.
Since TFNP is a semantic class, it is unlikely to have a complete problem. Instead,
one studies its syntactic subclasses which are defined based on the combinatorial
principle used to argue totality. Of particular interest is the subclass PPAD,
which contains important problems\r\nlike computing Nash equilibrium for bimatrix
games and computational counterparts of several fixed-point theorems as complete.
In the thesis, we undertake the study of averagecase hardness of TFNP, and in
particular its subclass PPAD.\r\nAlmost nothing was known about average-case hardness
of PPAD before a series of recent results showed how to achieve it using a cryptographic
primitive called program obfuscation.\r\nHowever, it is currently not known how
to construct program obfuscation from standard cryptographic assumptions. Therefore,
it is desirable to relax the assumption under which average-case hardness of PPAD
can be shown. In the thesis we take a step in this direction. First, we show that
assuming the (average-case) hardness of a numbertheoretic\r\nproblem related to
factoring of integers, which we call Iterated-Squaring, PPAD is hard-on-average
in the random-oracle model. Then we strengthen this result to show that the average-case
hardness of PPAD reduces to the (adaptive) soundness of the Fiat-Shamir Transform,
a well-known technique used to compile a public-coin interactive protocol into
a non-interactive one. As a corollary, we obtain average-case hardness for PPAD
in the random-oracle model assuming the worst-case hardness of #SAT. Moreover,
the above results can all be strengthened to obtain average-case hardness for
the class CLS ⊆ PPAD.\r\nOur main technical contribution is constructing incrementally-verifiable
procedures for computing Iterated-Squaring and #SAT. By incrementally-verifiable,
we mean that every intermediate state of the computation includes a proof of its
correctness, and the proof can be updated and verified in polynomial time. Previous
constructions of such procedures relied on strong, non-standard assumptions. Instead,
we introduce a technique called recursive proof-merging to obtain the same from
weaker assumptions. "
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Chethan
full_name: Kamath Hosdurg, Chethan
id: 4BD3F30E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kamath Hosdurg
citation:
ama: Kamath Hosdurg C. On the average-case hardness of total search problems. 2020.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7896
apa: Kamath Hosdurg, C. (2020). On the average-case hardness of total search
problems. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7896
chicago: Kamath Hosdurg, Chethan. “On the Average-Case Hardness of Total Search
Problems.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7896.
ieee: C. Kamath Hosdurg, “On the average-case hardness of total search problems,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Kamath Hosdurg C. 2020. On the average-case hardness of total search problems.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Kamath Hosdurg, Chethan. On the Average-Case Hardness of Total Search Problems.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7896.
short: C. Kamath Hosdurg, On the Average-Case Hardness of Total Search Problems,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-05-26T14:08:55Z
date_published: 2020-05-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:15:55Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7896
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: b39e2e1c376f5819b823fb7077491c64
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-05-26T14:08:13Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
file_id: '7897'
file_name: 2020_Thesis_Kamath.pdf
file_size: 1622742
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 8b26ba729c1a85ac6bea775f5d73cdc7
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-05-26T14:08:23Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
file_id: '7898'
file_name: Thesis_Kamath.zip
file_size: 15301529
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '126'
project:
- _id: 258C570E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '259668'
name: Provable Security for Physical Cryptography
- _id: 258AA5B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '682815'
name: Teaching Old Crypto New Tricks
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '6677'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
full_name: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z
id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pietrzak
orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
title: On the average-case hardness of total search problems
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7944'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This thesis considers two examples of reconfiguration problems: flipping
edges in edge-labelled triangulations of planar point sets and swapping labelled
tokens placed on vertices of a graph. In both cases the studied structures – all
the triangulations of a given point set or all token placements on a given graph
– can be thought of as vertices of the so-called reconfiguration graph, in which
two vertices are adjacent if the corresponding structures differ by a single elementary
operation – by a flip of a diagonal in a triangulation or by a swap of tokens
on adjacent vertices, respectively. We study the reconfiguration of one instance
of a structure into another via (shortest) paths in the reconfiguration graph.\r\n\r\nFor
triangulations of point sets in which each edge has a unique label and a flip
transfers the label from the removed edge to the new edge, we prove a polynomial-time
testable condition, called the Orbit Theorem, that characterizes when two triangulations
of the same point set lie in the same connected component of the reconfiguration
graph. The condition was first conjectured by Bose, Lubiw, Pathak and Verdonschot.
We additionally provide a polynomial time algorithm that computes a reconfiguring
flip sequence, if it exists. Our proof of the Orbit Theorem uses topological properties
of a certain high-dimensional cell complex that has the usual reconfiguration
graph as its 1-skeleton.\r\n\r\nIn the context of token swapping on a tree graph,
we make partial progress on the problem of finding shortest reconfiguration sequences.
We disprove the so-called Happy Leaf Conjecture and demonstrate the importance
of swapping tokens that are already placed at the correct vertices. We also prove
that a generalization of the problem to weighted coloured token swapping is NP-hard
on trees but solvable in polynomial time on paths and stars."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Zuzana
full_name: Masárová, Zuzana
id: 45CFE238-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Masárová
orcid: 0000-0002-6660-1322
citation:
ama: Masárová Z. Reconfiguration problems. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7944
apa: Masárová, Z. (2020). Reconfiguration problems. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7944
chicago: Masárová, Zuzana. “Reconfiguration Problems.” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7944.
ieee: Z. Masárová, “Reconfiguration problems,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020.
ista: Masárová Z. 2020. Reconfiguration problems. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria.
mla: Masárová, Zuzana. Reconfiguration Problems. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7944.
short: Z. Masárová, Reconfiguration Problems, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-06-08T00:49:46Z
date_published: 2020-06-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:17:37Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '516'
- '514'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: HeEd
- _id: UlWa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7944
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: df688bc5a82b50baee0b99d25fc7b7f0
content_type: application/pdf
creator: zmasarov
date_created: 2020-06-08T00:34:00Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:05Z
file_id: '7945'
file_name: THESIS_Zuzka_Masarova.pdf
file_size: 13661779
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 45341a35b8f5529c74010b7af43ac188
content_type: application/zip
creator: zmasarov
date_created: 2020-06-08T00:35:30Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:05Z
file_id: '7946'
file_name: THESIS_Zuzka_Masarova_SOURCE_FILES.zip
file_size: 32184006
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:05Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- reconfiguration
- reconfiguration graph
- triangulations
- flip
- constrained triangulations
- shellability
- piecewise-linear balls
- token swapping
- trees
- coloured weighted token swapping
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '160'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-005-3
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7950'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '5986'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Uli
full_name: Wagner, Uli
id: 36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wagner
orcid: 0000-0002-1494-0568
- first_name: Herbert
full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Edelsbrunner
orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
title: Reconfiguration problems
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC
BY-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8341'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "One of the most striking hallmarks of the eukaryotic cell is the presence
of intracellular vesicles and organelles. Each of these membrane-enclosed compartments
has a distinct composition of lipids and proteins, which is essential for accurate
membrane traffic and homeostasis. Interestingly, their biochemical identities
are achieved with the help\r\nof small GTPases of the Rab family, which cycle
between GDP- and GTP-bound forms on the selected membrane surface. While this
activity switch is well understood for an individual protein, how Rab GTPases
collectively transition between states to generate decisive signal propagation
in space and time is unclear. In my PhD thesis, I present\r\nin vitro reconstitution
experiments with theoretical modeling to systematically study a minimal Rab5 activation
network from bottom-up. We find that positive feedback based on known molecular
interactions gives rise to bistable GTPase activity switching on system’s scale.
Furthermore, we determine that collective transition near the critical\r\npoint
is intrinsically stochastic and provide evidence that the inactive Rab5 abundance
on the membrane can shape the network response. Finally, we demonstrate that collective
switching can spread on the lipid bilayer as a traveling activation wave, representing
a possible emergent activity pattern in endosomal maturation. Together, our\r\nfindings
reveal new insights into the self-organization properties of signaling networks
away from chemical equilibrium. Our work highlights the importance of systematic
characterization of biochemical systems in well-defined physiological conditions.
This way, we were able to answer long-standing open questions in the field and
close the gap between regulatory processes on a molecular scale and emergent responses
on system’s level."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: My thanks goes to the Loose lab members, BioImaging, Life Science
and Nanofabrication Facilities and the wonderful international community at IST
for sharing this experience with me.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Urban
full_name: Bezeljak, Urban
id: 2A58201A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bezeljak
orcid: 0000-0003-1365-5631
citation:
ama: Bezeljak U. In vitro reconstitution of a Rab activation switch. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8341
apa: Bezeljak, U. (2020). In vitro reconstitution of a Rab activation switch.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8341
chicago: Bezeljak, Urban. “In Vitro Reconstitution of a Rab Activation Switch.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8341.
ieee: U. Bezeljak, “In vitro reconstitution of a Rab activation switch,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Bezeljak U. 2020. In vitro reconstitution of a Rab activation switch. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Bezeljak, Urban. In Vitro Reconstitution of a Rab Activation Switch.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8341.
short: U. Bezeljak, In Vitro Reconstitution of a Rab Activation Switch, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-08T08:53:53Z
date_published: 2020-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:17:06Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: MaLo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8341
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 70871b335a595252a66c6bbf0824fb02
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-08T09:00:29Z
date_updated: 2021-09-16T12:49:12Z
file_id: '8342'
file_name: 2020_Urban_Bezeljak_Thesis_TeX.zip
file_size: 65246782
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 59a62275088b00b7241e6ff4136434c7
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-08T09:00:27Z
date_updated: 2021-09-16T12:49:12Z
file_id: '8343'
file_name: 2020_Urban_Bezeljak_Thesis.pdf
file_size: 31259058
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-09-16T12:49:12Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '215'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7580'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Loose, Martin
id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Loose
orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
title: In vitro reconstitution of a Rab activation switch
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8032'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Algorithms in computational 3-manifold topology typically take a triangulation
as an input and return topological information about the underlying 3-manifold.
However, extracting the desired information from a triangulation (e.g., evaluating
an invariant) is often computationally very expensive. In recent years this complexity
barrier has been successfully tackled in some cases by importing ideas from the
theory of parameterized algorithms into the realm of 3-manifolds. Various computationally
hard problems were shown to be efficiently solvable for input triangulations that
are sufficiently “tree-like.”\r\nIn this thesis we focus on the key combinatorial
parameter in the above context: we consider the treewidth of a compact, orientable
3-manifold, i.e., the smallest treewidth of the dual graph of any triangulation
thereof. By building on the work of Scharlemann–Thompson and Scharlemann–Schultens–Saito
on generalized Heegaard splittings, and on the work of Jaco–Rubinstein on layered
triangulations, we establish quantitative relations between the treewidth and
classical topological invariants of a 3-manifold. In particular, among other results,
we show that the treewidth of a closed, orientable, irreducible, non-Haken 3-manifold
is always within a constant factor of its Heegaard genus."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: E-Lib
- _id: CampIT
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Kristóf
full_name: Huszár, Kristóf
id: 33C26278-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Huszár
orcid: 0000-0002-5445-5057
citation:
ama: Huszár K. Combinatorial width parameters for 3-dimensional manifolds. 2020.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8032
apa: Huszár, K. (2020). Combinatorial width parameters for 3-dimensional manifolds.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8032
chicago: Huszár, Kristóf. “Combinatorial Width Parameters for 3-Dimensional Manifolds.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8032.
ieee: K. Huszár, “Combinatorial width parameters for 3-dimensional manifolds,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Huszár K. 2020. Combinatorial width parameters for 3-dimensional manifolds.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Huszár, Kristóf. Combinatorial Width Parameters for 3-Dimensional Manifolds.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8032.
short: K. Huszár, Combinatorial Width Parameters for 3-Dimensional Manifolds, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-06-26T10:00:36Z
date_published: 2020-06-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:18:27Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '514'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: UlWa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8032
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bd8be6e4f1addc863dfcc0fad29ee9c3
content_type: application/pdf
creator: khuszar
date_created: 2020-06-26T10:03:58Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
file_id: '8034'
file_name: Kristof_Huszar-Thesis.pdf
file_size: 2637562
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: d5f8456202b32f4a77552ef47a2837d1
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: khuszar
date_created: 2020-06-26T10:10:06Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
file_id: '8035'
file_name: Kristof_Huszar-Thesis-source.zip
file_size: 7163491
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: xviii+120
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-006-0
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '6556'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '7093'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Uli
full_name: Wagner, Uli
id: 36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wagner
orcid: 0000-0002-1494-0568
- first_name: Jonathan
full_name: Spreer, Jonathan
last_name: Spreer
title: Combinatorial width parameters for 3-dimensional manifolds
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8358'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "During bacterial cell division, the tubulin-homolog FtsZ forms a ring-like
structure at the center of the cell. This so-called Z-ring acts as a scaffold
recruiting several division-related proteins to mid-cell and plays a key role
in distributing proteins at the division site, a feature driven by the treadmilling
motion of FtsZ filaments around the septum. What regulates the architecture, dynamics
and stability of the Z-ring is still poorly understood, but FtsZ-associated proteins
(Zaps) are known to play an important role. \r\nAdvances in fluorescence microscopy
and in vitro reconstitution experiments have helped to shed light into some of
the dynamic properties of these complex systems, but methods that allow to collect
and analyze large quantitative data sets of the underlying polymer dynamics are
still missing.\r\nHere, using an in vitro reconstitution approach, we studied
how different Zaps affect FtsZ filament dynamics and organization into large-scale
patterns, giving special emphasis to the role of the well-conserved protein ZapA.
For this purpose, we use high-resolution fluorescence microscopy combined with
novel image analysis workfows to study pattern organization and polymerization
dynamics of active filaments. We quantified the influence of Zaps on FtsZ on three
diferent spatial scales: the large-scale organization of the membrane-bound filament
network, the underlying\r\npolymerization dynamics and the behavior of single
molecules.\r\nWe found that ZapA cooperatively increases the spatial order of
the filament network, binds only transiently to FtsZ filaments and has no effect
on filament length and treadmilling velocity. Our data provides a model for how
FtsZ-associated proteins can increase the precision and stability of the bacterial
cell division machinery in a\r\nswitch-like manner, without compromising filament
dynamics. Furthermore, we believe that our automated quantitative methods can
be used to analyze a large variety of dynamic cytoskeletal systems, using standard
time-lapse\r\nmovies of homogeneously labeled proteins obtained from experiments
in vitro or even inside the living cell.\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: I should also express my gratitude to the bioimaging facility at
IST Austria, for their assistance with the TIRF setup over the years, and especially
to Christoph Sommer, who gave me a lot of input when I was starting to dive into
programming.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Paulo R
full_name: Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R
id: 38FCDB4C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Dos Santos Caldas
orcid: 0000-0001-6730-4461
citation:
ama: Dos Santos Caldas PR. Organization and dynamics of treadmilling filaments in
cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinkers. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8358
apa: Dos Santos Caldas, P. R. (2020). Organization and dynamics of treadmilling
filaments in cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinkers. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8358
chicago: Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R. “Organization and Dynamics of Treadmilling
Filaments in Cytoskeletal Networks of FtsZ and Its Crosslinkers.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8358.
ieee: P. R. Dos Santos Caldas, “Organization and dynamics of treadmilling filaments
in cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinkers,” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Dos Santos Caldas PR. 2020. Organization and dynamics of treadmilling filaments
in cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinkers. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R. Organization and Dynamics of Treadmilling Filaments
in Cytoskeletal Networks of FtsZ and Its Crosslinkers. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8358.
short: P.R. Dos Santos Caldas, Organization and Dynamics of Treadmilling Filaments
in Cytoskeletal Networks of FtsZ and Its Crosslinkers, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-10T09:26:49Z
date_published: 2020-09-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:18:51Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '572'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: MaLo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8358
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 882f93fe9c351962120e2669b84bf088
content_type: application/pdf
creator: pcaldas
date_created: 2020-09-10T12:11:29Z
date_updated: 2020-09-10T12:11:29Z
file_id: '8364'
file_name: phd_thesis_pcaldas.pdf
file_size: 141602462
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: closed
checksum: 70cc9e399c4e41e6e6ac445ae55e8558
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: pcaldas
date_created: 2020-09-10T12:18:17Z
date_updated: 2020-09-11T07:48:10Z
file_id: '8365'
file_name: phd_thesis_latex_pcaldas.zip
file_size: 450437458
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-09-11T07:48:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '135'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-009-1
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7572'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '7197'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Loose, Martin
id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Loose
orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
title: Organization and dynamics of treadmilling filaments in cytoskeletal networks
of FtsZ and its crosslinkers
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8332'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Designing and verifying concurrent programs is a notoriously challenging,
time consuming, and error prone task, even for experts. This is due to the sheer
number of possible interleavings of a concurrent program, all of which have to
be tracked and accounted for in a formal proof. Inventing an inductive invariant
that captures all interleavings of a low-level implementation is theoretically
possible, but practically intractable. We develop a refinement-based verification
framework that provides mechanisms to simplify proof construction by decomposing
the verification task into smaller subtasks.\r\n\r\nIn a first line of work, we
present a foundation for refinement reasoning over structured concurrent programs.
We introduce layered concurrent programs as a compact notation to represent multi-layer
refinement proofs. A layered concurrent program specifies a sequence of connected
concurrent programs, from most concrete to most abstract, such that common parts
of different programs are written exactly once. Each program in this sequence
is expressed as structured concurrent program, i.e., a program over (potentially
recursive) procedures, imperative control flow, gated atomic actions, structured
parallelism, and asynchronous concurrency. This is in contrast to existing refinement-based
verifiers, which represent concurrent systems as flat transition relations. We
present a powerful refinement proof rule that decomposes refinement checking over
structured programs into modular verification conditions. Refinement checking
is supported by a new form of modular, parameterized invariants, called yield
invariants, and a linear permission system to enhance local reasoning.\r\n\r\nIn
a second line of work, we present two new reduction-based program transformations
that target asynchronous programs. These transformations reduce the number of
interleavings that need to be considered, thus reducing the complexity of invariants.
Synchronization simplifies the verification of asynchronous programs by introducing
the fiction, for proof purposes, that asynchronous operations complete synchronously.
Synchronization summarizes an asynchronous computation as immediate atomic effect.
Inductive sequentialization establishes sequential reductions that captures every
behavior of the original program up to reordering of coarse-grained commutative
actions. A sequential reduction of a concurrent program is easy to reason about
since it corresponds to a simple execution of the program in an idealized synchronous
environment, where processes act in a fixed order and at the same speed.\r\n\r\nOur
approach is implemented the CIVL verifier, which has been successfully used for
the verification of several complex concurrent programs. In our methodology, the
overall correctness of a program is established piecemeal by focusing on the invariant
required for each refinement step separately. While the programmer does the creative
work of specifying the chain of programs and the inductive invariant justifying
each link in the chain, the tool automatically constructs the verification conditions
underlying each refinement step."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Bernhard
full_name: Kragl, Bernhard
id: 320FC952-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kragl
orcid: 0000-0001-7745-9117
citation:
ama: 'Kragl B. Verifying concurrent programs: Refinement, synchronization, sequentialization.
2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8332'
apa: 'Kragl, B. (2020). Verifying concurrent programs: Refinement, synchronization,
sequentialization. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8332'
chicago: 'Kragl, Bernhard. “Verifying Concurrent Programs: Refinement, Synchronization,
Sequentialization.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8332.'
ieee: 'B. Kragl, “Verifying concurrent programs: Refinement, synchronization, sequentialization,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
ista: 'Kragl B. 2020. Verifying concurrent programs: Refinement, synchronization,
sequentialization. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Kragl, Bernhard. Verifying Concurrent Programs: Refinement, Synchronization,
Sequentialization. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8332.'
short: 'B. Kragl, Verifying Concurrent Programs: Refinement, Synchronization, Sequentialization,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
date_created: 2020-09-04T12:24:12Z
date_published: 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-13T08:45:08Z
day: '03'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8332
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 26fe261550f691280bda4c454bf015c7
content_type: application/pdf
creator: bkragl
date_created: 2020-09-04T12:17:47Z
date_updated: 2020-09-04T12:17:47Z
file_id: '8333'
file_name: kragl-thesis.pdf
file_size: 1348815
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: b9694ce092b7c55557122adba8337ebc
content_type: application/zip
creator: bkragl
date_created: 2020-09-04T13:00:17Z
date_updated: 2020-09-04T13:00:17Z
file_id: '8335'
file_name: kragl-thesis.zip
file_size: 372312
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-09-04T13:00:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '120'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '133'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8012'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8195'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '160'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
title: 'Verifying concurrent programs: Refinement, synchronization, sequentialization'
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8958'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The oft-quoted dictum by Arthur Schawlow: ``A diatomic molecule has one atom
too many'' has been disavowed. Inspired by the possibility to experimentally manipulate
and enhance chemical reactivity in helium nanodroplets, we investigate the rotation
of coupled cold molecules in the presence of a many-body environment.\r\nIn this
thesis, we introduce new variational approaches to quantum impurities and apply
them to the Fröhlich polaron - a quasiparticle formed out of an electron (or other
point-like impurity) in a polar medium, and to the angulon - a quasiparticle formed
out of a rotating molecule in a bosonic bath.\r\nWith this theoretical toolbox,
we reveal the self-localization transition for the angulon quasiparticle. We show
that, unlike for polarons, self-localization of angulons occurs at finite impurity-bath
coupling already at the mean-field level. The transition is accompanied by the
spherical-symmetry breaking of the angulon ground state and a discontinuity in
the first derivative of the ground-state energy. Moreover, the type of symmetry
breaking is dictated by the symmetry of the microscopic impurity-bath interaction,
which leads to a number of distinct self-localized states. \r\nFor the system
containing multiple impurities, by analogy with the bipolaron, we introduce the
biangulon quasiparticle describing two rotating molecules that align with respect
to each other due to the effective attractive interaction mediated by the excitations
of the bath. We study this system from the strong-coupling regime to the weak
molecule-bath interaction regime. We show that the molecules tend to have a strong
alignment in the ground state, the biangulon shows shifted angulon instabilities
and an additional spectral instability, where resonant angular momentum transfer
between the molecules and the bath takes place. Finally, we introduce a diagonalization
scheme that allows us to describe the transition from two separated angulons to
a biangulon as a function of the distance between the two molecules."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Xiang
full_name: Li, Xiang
id: 4B7E523C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Li
citation:
ama: Li X. Rotation of coupled cold molecules in the presence of a many-body environment.
2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8958
apa: Li, X. (2020). Rotation of coupled cold molecules in the presence of a many-body
environment. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8958
chicago: Li, Xiang. “Rotation of Coupled Cold Molecules in the Presence of a Many-Body
Environment.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8958.
ieee: X. Li, “Rotation of coupled cold molecules in the presence of a many-body
environment,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Li X. 2020. Rotation of coupled cold molecules in the presence of a many-body
environment. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Li, Xiang. Rotation of Coupled Cold Molecules in the Presence of a Many-Body
Environment. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8958.
short: X. Li, Rotation of Coupled Cold Molecules in the Presence of a Many-Body
Environment, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-12-21T09:44:30Z
date_published: 2020-12-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-20T11:30:58Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '539'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: MiLe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8958
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3994c54a1241451d561db1d4f43bad30
content_type: application/pdf
creator: xli
date_created: 2020-12-22T10:55:56Z
date_updated: 2020-12-22T10:55:56Z
file_id: '8967'
file_name: THESIS_Xiang_Li.pdf
file_size: 3622305
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: closed
checksum: 0954ecfc5554c05615c14de803341f00
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: xli
date_created: 2020-12-22T10:56:03Z
date_updated: 2020-12-30T07:18:03Z
file_id: '8968'
file_name: THESIS_Xiang_Li.zip
file_size: 4018859
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-12-30T07:18:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '125'
project:
- _id: 26031614-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P29902
name: Quantum rotations in the presence of a many-body environment
- _id: 2688CF98-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '801770'
name: 'Angulon: physics and applications of a new quasiparticle'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '5886'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8587'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1120'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Mikhail
full_name: Lemeshko, Mikhail
id: 37CB05FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lemeshko
orcid: 0000-0002-6990-7802
title: Rotation of coupled cold molecules in the presence of a many-body environment
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8386'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Form versus function is a long-standing debate in various design-related
fields, such as architecture as well as graphic and industrial design. A good
design that balances form and function often requires considerable human effort
and collaboration among experts from different professional fields. Computational
design tools provide a new paradigm for designing functional objects. In computational
design, form and function are represented as mathematical\r\nquantities, with
the help of numerical and combinatorial algorithms, they can assist even novice
users in designing versatile models that exhibit their desired functionality.
This thesis presents three disparate research studies on the computational design
of functional objects: The appearance of 3d print—we optimize the volumetric material
distribution for faithfully replicating colored surface texture in 3d printing;
the dynamic motion of mechanical structures—\r\nour design system helps the novice
user to retarget various mechanical templates with different functionality to
complex 3d shapes; and a more abstract functionality, multistability—our algorithm
automatically generates models that exhibit multiple stable target poses. For
each of these cases, our computational design tools not only ensure the functionality
of the results but also permit the user aesthetic freedom over the form. Moreover,
fabrication constraints\r\nwere taken into account, which allow for the immediate
creation of physical realization via 3D printing or laser cutting."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: SSU
acknowledgement: The research in this thesis has received funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie
grant agreement No 642841 (DISTRO) and the European Research Council grant agreement
No 715767 (MATERIALIZABLE). All the research projects in this thesis were also supported
by Scientific Service Units (SSUs) at IST Austria.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ran
full_name: Zhang, Ran
id: 4DDBCEB0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zhang
orcid: 0000-0002-3808-281X
citation:
ama: Zhang R. Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D printable
volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386
apa: Zhang, R. (2020). Structure-aware computational design and its application
to 3D printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386
chicago: Zhang, Ran. “Structure-Aware Computational Design and Its Application to
3D Printable Volume Scattering, Mechanism, and Multistability.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386.
ieee: R. Zhang, “Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D
printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Zhang R. 2020. Structure-aware computational design and its application to
3D printable volume scattering, mechanism, and multistability. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Zhang, Ran. Structure-Aware Computational Design and Its Application to
3D Printable Volume Scattering, Mechanism, and Multistability. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386.
short: R. Zhang, Structure-Aware Computational Design and Its Application to 3D
Printable Volume Scattering, Mechanism, and Multistability, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-14T01:04:53Z
date_published: 2020-09-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-22T09:49:31Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '003'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8386
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: edcf578b6e1c9b0dd81ff72d319b66ba
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: rzhang
date_created: 2020-09-14T01:02:59Z
date_updated: 2020-09-14T12:18:43Z
file_id: '8388'
file_name: Thesis_Ran.zip
file_size: 1245800191
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 817e20c33be9247f906925517c56a40d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: rzhang
date_created: 2020-09-15T12:51:53Z
date_updated: 2020-09-15T12:51:53Z
file_id: '8396'
file_name: PhD_thesis_Ran Zhang_20200915.pdf
file_size: 161385316
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-09-15T12:51:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '148'
project:
- _id: 2508E324-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '642841'
name: Distributed 3D Object Design
- _id: 24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715767'
name: 'MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and
Modeling'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '486'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1002'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Bernd
full_name: Bickel, Bernd
id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bickel
orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
title: Structure-aware computational design and its application to 3D printable volume
scattering, mechanism, and multistability
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7996'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Quantum computation enables the execution of algorithms that have exponential
complexity. This might open the path towards the synthesis of new materials or
medical drugs, optimization of transport or financial strategies etc., intractable
on even the fastest classical computers. A quantum computer consists of interconnected
two level quantum systems, called qubits, that satisfy DiVincezo’s criteria. Worldwide,
there are ongoing efforts to find the qubit architecture which will unite quantum
error correction compatible single and two qubit fidelities, long distance qubit
to qubit coupling and \r\n calability. Superconducting qubits have gone the furthest
in this race, demonstrating an algorithm running on 53 coupled qubits, but still
the fidelities are not even close to those required for realizing a single logical
qubit. emiconductor qubits offer extremely good characteristics, but they are
currently investigated across different platforms. Uniting those good characteristics
into a single platform might be a big step towards the quantum computer realization.\r\nHere
we describe the implementation of a hole spin qubit hosted in a Ge hut wire double
quantum dot. The high and tunable spin-orbit coupling together with a heavy hole
state character is expected to allow fast spin manipulation and long coherence
times. Furthermore large lever arms, for hut wire devices, should allow good coupling
to superconducting resonators enabling efficient long distance spin to spin coupling
and a sensitive gate reflectometry spin readout. The developed cryogenic setup
(printed circuit board sample holders, filtering, high-frequency wiring) enabled
us to perform low temperature spin dynamics experiments. Indeed, we measured the
fastest single spin qubit Rabi frequencies reported so far, reaching 140 MHz,
while the dephasing times of 130 ns oppose the long decoherence predictions. In
order to further investigate this, a double quantum dot gate was connected directly
to a lumped element\r\nresonator which enabled gate reflectometry readout. The
vanishing inter-dot transition signal, for increasing external magnetic field,
revealed the spin nature of the measured quantity."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Josip
full_name: Kukucka, Josip
id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kukucka
citation:
ama: Kukucka J. Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive
spin sensing. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996
apa: Kukucka, J. (2020). Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires
and dispersive spin sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996
chicago: Kukucka, Josip. “Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and
Dispersive Spin Sensing.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996.
ieee: J. Kukucka, “Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive
spin sensing,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Kukucka J. 2020. Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive
spin sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Kukucka, Josip. Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and
Dispersive Spin Sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020,
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996.
short: J. Kukucka, Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and Dispersive
Spin Sensing, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-06-22T09:22:23Z
date_published: 2020-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-26T15:50:22Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '530'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 467e52feb3e361ce8cf5fe8d5c254ece
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-06-22T09:22:04Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
file_id: '7997'
file_name: JK_thesis_latex_source_files.zip
file_size: 392794743
relation: main_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1de716bf110dbd77d383e479232bf496
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-06-22T09:21:29Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
file_id: '7998'
file_name: PhD_thesis_JK_pdfa.pdf
file_size: 28453247
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '178'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '1328'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7541'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '77'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '23'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '840'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
title: Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8390'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Deep neural networks have established a new standard for data-dependent feature
extraction pipelines in the Computer Vision literature. Despite their remarkable
performance in the standard supervised learning scenario, i.e. when models are
trained with labeled data and tested on samples that follow a similar distribution,
neural networks have been shown to struggle with more advanced generalization
abilities, such as transferring knowledge across visually different domains, or
generalizing to new unseen combinations of known concepts. In this thesis we argue
that, in contrast to the usual black-box behavior of neural networks, leveraging
more structured internal representations is a promising direction\r\nfor tackling
such problems. In particular, we focus on two forms of structure. First, we tackle
modularity: We show that (i) compositional architectures are a natural tool for
modeling reasoning tasks, in that they efficiently capture their combinatorial
nature, which is key for generalizing beyond the compositions seen during training.
We investigate how to to learn such models, both formally and experimentally,
for the task of abstract visual reasoning. Then, we show that (ii) in some settings,
modularity allows us to efficiently break down complex tasks into smaller, easier,
modules, thereby improving computational efficiency; We study this behavior in
the context of generative models for colorization, as well as for small objects
detection. Secondly, we investigate the inherently layered structure of representations
learned by neural networks, and analyze its role in the context of transfer learning
and domain adaptation across visually\r\ndissimilar domains. "
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: CampIT
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge the support of the
IST IT and scientific computing team for helping provide a great work environment.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Amélie
full_name: Royer, Amélie
id: 3811D890-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Royer
orcid: 0000-0002-8407-0705
citation:
ama: Royer A. Leveraging structure in Computer Vision tasks for flexible Deep Learning
models. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8390
apa: Royer, A. (2020). Leveraging structure in Computer Vision tasks for flexible
Deep Learning models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8390
chicago: Royer, Amélie. “Leveraging Structure in Computer Vision Tasks for Flexible
Deep Learning Models.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8390.
ieee: A. Royer, “Leveraging structure in Computer Vision tasks for flexible Deep
Learning models,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Royer A. 2020. Leveraging structure in Computer Vision tasks for flexible
Deep Learning models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Royer, Amélie. Leveraging Structure in Computer Vision Tasks for Flexible
Deep Learning Models. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8390.
short: A. Royer, Leveraging Structure in Computer Vision Tasks for Flexible Deep
Learning Models, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-14T13:42:09Z
date_published: 2020-09-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-16T10:04:02Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8390
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: c914d2f88846032f3d8507734861b6ee
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-14T13:39:14Z
date_updated: 2020-09-14T13:39:14Z
file_id: '8391'
file_name: 2020_Thesis_Royer.pdf
file_size: 30224591
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: closed
checksum: ae98fb35d912cff84a89035ae5794d3c
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-14T13:39:17Z
date_updated: 2020-09-14T13:39:17Z
file_id: '8392'
file_name: thesis_sources.zip
file_size: 74227627
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-09-14T13:39:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '197'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-007-7
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7936'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7937'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8193'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8092'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '911'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Lampert, Christoph
id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lampert
orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
title: Leveraging structure in Computer Vision tasks for flexible Deep Learning models
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7196'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In this thesis we study certain mathematical aspects of evolution. The two
primary forces that drive an evolutionary process are mutation and selection.
Mutation generates new variants in a population. Selection chooses among the variants
depending on the reproductive rates of individuals. Evolutionary processes are
intrinsically random – a new mutation that is initially present in the population
at low frequency can go extinct, even if it confers a reproductive advantage.
The overall rate of evolution is largely determined by two quantities: the probability
that an invading advantageous mutation spreads through the population (called
fixation probability) and the time until it does so (called fixation time). Both
those quantities crucially depend not only on the strength of the invading mutation
but also on the population structure. In this thesis, we aim to understand how
the underlying population structure affects the overall rate of evolution. Specifically,
we study population structures that increase the fixation probability of advantageous
mutants (called amplifiers of selection). Broadly speaking, our results are of
three different types: We present various strong amplifiers, we identify regimes
under which only limited amplification is feasible, and we propose population
structures that provide different tradeoffs between high fixation probability
and short fixation time.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Josef
full_name: Tkadlec, Josef
id: 3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tkadlec
orcid: 0000-0002-1097-9684
citation:
ama: Tkadlec J. A role of graphs in evolutionary processes. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7196
apa: Tkadlec, J. (2020). A role of graphs in evolutionary processes. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7196
chicago: Tkadlec, Josef. “A Role of Graphs in Evolutionary Processes.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7196.
ieee: J. Tkadlec, “A role of graphs in evolutionary processes,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Tkadlec J. 2020. A role of graphs in evolutionary processes. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Tkadlec, Josef. A Role of Graphs in Evolutionary Processes. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7196.
short: J. Tkadlec, A Role of Graphs in Evolutionary Processes, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2019-12-20T12:26:36Z
date_published: 2020-01-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-17T12:29:46Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '519'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: KrCh
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7196
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 451f8e64b0eb26bf297644ac72bfcbe9
content_type: application/zip
creator: jtkadlec
date_created: 2020-01-12T11:49:49Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:52Z
file_id: '7255'
file_name: thesis.zip
file_size: 21100497
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: d8c44cbc4f939c49a8efc9d4b8bb3985
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-01-28T07:32:42Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:52Z
file_id: '7367'
file_name: 2020_Tkadlec_Thesis.pdf
file_size: 11670983
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '144'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7210'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '5751'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '7212'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Krishnendu
full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Chatterjee
orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
title: A role of graphs in evolutionary processes
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8156'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We present solutions to several problems originating from geometry and discrete
mathematics: existence of equipartitions, maps without Tverberg multiple points,
and inscribing quadrilaterals. Equivariant obstruction theory is the natural topological
approach to these type of questions. However, for the specific problems we consider
it had yielded only partial or no results. We get our results by complementing
equivariant obstruction theory with other techniques from topology and geometry.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sergey
full_name: Avvakumov, Sergey
id: 3827DAC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Avvakumov
citation:
ama: Avvakumov S. Topological methods in geometry and discrete mathematics. 2020.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8156
apa: Avvakumov, S. (2020). Topological methods in geometry and discrete mathematics.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8156
chicago: Avvakumov, Sergey. “Topological Methods in Geometry and Discrete Mathematics.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8156.
ieee: S. Avvakumov, “Topological methods in geometry and discrete mathematics,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Avvakumov S. 2020. Topological methods in geometry and discrete mathematics.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Avvakumov, Sergey. Topological Methods in Geometry and Discrete Mathematics.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8156.
short: S. Avvakumov, Topological Methods in Geometry and Discrete Mathematics, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-07-23T09:51:29Z
date_published: 2020-07-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-12-18T10:51:01Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '514'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: UlWa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8156
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/zip
creator: savvakum
date_created: 2020-07-27T12:44:51Z
date_updated: 2020-07-27T12:44:51Z
file_id: '8178'
file_name: source.zip
file_size: 1061740
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: savvakum
date_created: 2020-07-27T12:46:53Z
date_updated: 2020-07-27T12:46:53Z
file_id: '8179'
file_name: thesis_pdfa.pdf
file_size: 1336501
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-07-27T12:46:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '119'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '8182'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8183'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8185'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8184'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6355'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '75'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Uli
full_name: Wagner, Uli
id: 36690CA2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wagner
orcid: 0000-0002-1494-0568
title: Topological methods in geometry and discrete mathematics
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8366'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Fabrication of curved shells plays an important role in modern design, industry,
and science. Among their remarkable properties are, for example, aesthetics of
organic shapes, ability to evenly distribute loads, or efficient flow separation.
They find applications across vast length scales ranging from sky-scraper architecture
to microscopic devices. But, at\r\nthe same time, the design of curved shells
and their manufacturing process pose a variety of challenges. In this thesis,
they are addressed from several perspectives. In particular, this thesis presents
approaches based on the transformation of initially flat sheets into the target
curved surfaces. This involves problems of interactive design of shells with nontrivial
mechanical constraints, inverse design of complex structural materials, and data-driven
modeling of delicate and time-dependent physical properties. At the same time,
two newly-developed self-morphing mechanisms targeting flat-to-curved transformation
are presented.\r\nIn architecture, doubly curved surfaces can be realized as cold
bent glass panelizations. Originally flat glass panels are bent into frames and
remain stressed. This is a cost-efficient fabrication approach compared to hot
bending, when glass panels are shaped plastically. However such constructions
are prone to breaking during bending, and it is highly\r\nnontrivial to navigate
the design space, keeping the panels fabricable and aesthetically pleasing at
the same time. We introduce an interactive design system for cold bent glass façades,
while previously even offline optimization for such scenarios has not been sufficiently
developed. Our method is based on a deep learning approach providing quick\r\nand
high precision estimation of glass panel shape and stress while handling the shape\r\nmultimodality.\r\nFabrication
of smaller objects of scales below 1 m, can also greatly benefit from shaping
originally flat sheets. In this respect, we designed new self-morphing shell mechanisms
transforming from an initial flat state to a doubly curved state with high precision
and detail. Our so-called CurveUps demonstrate the encodement of the geometric
information\r\ninto the shell. Furthermore, we explored the frontiers of programmable
materials and showed how temporal information can additionally be encoded into
a flat shell. This allows prescribing deformation sequences for doubly curved
surfaces and, thus, facilitates self-collision avoidance enabling complex shapes
and functionalities otherwise impossible.\r\nBoth of these methods include inverse
design tools keeping the user in the design loop."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "During the work on this thesis, I received substantial support from
IST Austria’s scientific service units. A big thank you to Todor Asenov and other
Miba Machine Shop team members for their help with fabrication of experimental prototypes.
In addition, I would like to thank Scientific Computing team for the support with
high performance computing.\r\nFinancial support was provided by the European Research
Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 715767 - MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented
Computational Design and Modeling, which I gratefully acknowledge."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ruslan
full_name: Guseinov, Ruslan
id: 3AB45EE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Guseinov
orcid: 0000-0001-9819-5077
citation:
ama: 'Guseinov R. Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades
to programmable matter. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366'
apa: 'Guseinov, R. (2020). Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass
façades to programmable matter. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366'
chicago: 'Guseinov, Ruslan. “Computational Design of Curved Thin Shells: From Glass
Façades to Programmable Matter.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366.'
ieee: 'R. Guseinov, “Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades
to programmable matter,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
ista: 'Guseinov R. 2020. Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass
façades to programmable matter. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Guseinov, Ruslan. Computational Design of Curved Thin Shells: From Glass
Façades to Programmable Matter. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366.'
short: 'R. Guseinov, Computational Design of Curved Thin Shells: From Glass Façades
to Programmable Matter, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
date_created: 2020-09-10T16:19:55Z
date_published: 2020-09-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:44:29Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f8da89553da36037296b0a80f14ebf50
content_type: application/pdf
creator: rguseino
date_created: 2020-09-10T16:11:49Z
date_updated: 2020-09-10T16:11:49Z
file_id: '8367'
file_name: thesis_rguseinov.pdf
file_size: 70950442
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: closed
checksum: e8fd944c960c20e0e27e6548af69121d
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: rguseino
date_created: 2020-09-11T09:39:48Z
date_updated: 2020-09-16T15:11:01Z
file_id: '8374'
file_name: thesis_source.zip
file_size: 76207597
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2020-09-16T15:11:01Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- computer-aided design
- shape modeling
- self-morphing
- mechanical engineering
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '118'
project:
- _id: 24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715767'
name: 'MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and
Modeling'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-010-7
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7151'
relation: research_data
status: deleted
- id: '7262'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8562'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '1001'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8375'
relation: research_data
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Bernd
full_name: Bickel, Bernd
id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bickel
orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
title: 'Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades to programmable
matter'
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7525'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The medial habenula (MHb) is an evolutionary conserved epithalamic structure
important for the modulation of emotional memory. It is involved in regulation
of anxiety, compulsive behavior, addiction (nicotinic and opioid), sexual and
feeding behavior. MHb receives inputs from septal regions and projects exclusively
to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Distinct sub-regions of the septum project
to different subnuclei of MHb: the bed nucleus of anterior commissure projects
to dorsal MHb and the triangular septum projects to ventral MHb. Furthermore,
the dorsal and ventral MHb project to the lateral and rostral/central IPN, respectively.
Importantly, these projections have unique features of prominent co-release of
different neurotransmitters and requirement of a peculiar type of calcium channel
for release. In general, synaptic neurotransmission requires an activity-dependent
influx of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated calcium channels.
The calcium channel family most commonly involved in neurotransmitter release
comprises three members, P/Q-, N- and R-type with Cav2.1, Cav2.2 and Cav2.3 subunits,
respectively. In contrast to most CNS synapses that mainly express Cav2.1 and/or
Cav2.2, MHb terminals in the IPN exclusively express Cav2.3. In other parts of
the brain, such as the hippocampus, Cav2.3 is mostly located to postsynaptic elements.
This unusual presynaptic location of Cav2.3 in the MHb-IPN pathway implies unique
mechanisms of glutamate release in this pathway. One potential example of such
uniqueness is the facilitation of release by GABAB receptor (GBR) activation.
Presynaptic GBRs usually inhibit the release of neurotransmitters by inhibiting
presynaptic calcium channels. MHb shows the highest expression levels of GBR in
the brain. GBRs comprise two subunits, GABAB1 (GB1) and GABAB2 (GB2), and are
associated with auxiliary subunits, called potassium channel tetramerization domain
containing proteins (KCTD) 8, 12, 12b and 16. Among these four subunits, KCTD12b
is exclusively expressed in ventral MHb, and KCTD8 shows the strongest expression
in the whole MHb among other brain regions, indicating that KCTD8 and KCTD12b
may be involved in the unique mechanisms of neurotransmitter release mediated
by Cav2.3 and regulated by GBRs in this pathway. \r\nIn the present study, we
first verified that neurotransmission in both dorsal and ventral MHb-IPN pathways
is mainly mediated by Cav2.3 using a selective blocker of R-type channels, SNX-482.
We next found that baclofen, a GBR agonist, has facilitatory effects on release
from ventral MHb terminal in rostral IPN, whereas it has inhibitory effects on
release from dorsal MHb terminals in lateral IPN, indicating that KCTD12b expressed
exclusively in ventral MHb may have a role in the facilitatory effects of GBR
activation. In a heterologous expression system using HEK cells, we found that
KCTD8 and KCTD12b but not KCTD12 directly bind with Cav2.3. Pre-embedding immunogold
electron microscopy data show that Cav2.3 and KCTD12b are distributed most densely
in presynaptic active zone in IPN with KCTD12b being present only in rostral/central
but not lateral IPN, whereas GABAB, KCTD8 and KCTD12 are distributed most densely
in perisynaptic sites with KCTD12 present more frequently in postsynaptic elements
and only in rostral/central IPN. In freeze-fracture replica labelling, Cav2.3,
KCTD8 and KCTD12b are co-localized with each other in the same active zone indicating
that they may form complexes regulating vesicle release in rostral IPN. \r\nOn
electrophysiological studies of wild type (WT) mice, we found that paired-pulse
ratio in rostral IPN of KCTD12b knock-out (KO) mice is lower than those of WT
and KCTD8 KO mice. Consistent with this finding, in mean variance analysis, release
probability in rostral IPN of KCTD12b KO mice is higher than that of WT and KCTD8
KO mice. Although paired-pulse ratios are not different between WT and KCTD8 KO
mice, the mean variance analysis revealed significantly lower release probability
in rostral IPN of KCTD8 KO than WT mice. These results demonstrate bidirectional
regulation of Cav2.3-mediated release by KCTD8 and KCTD12b without GBR activation
in rostral IPN. Finally, we examined the baclofen effects in rostral IPN of KCTD8
and KCTD12b KO mice, and found the facilitation of release remained in both KO
mice, indicating that the peculiar effects of the GBR activation in this pathway
do not depend on the selective expression of these KCTD subunits in ventral MHb.
However, we found that presynaptic potentiation of evoked EPSC amplitude by baclofen
falls to baseline after washout faster in KCTD12b KO mice than WT, KCTD8 KO and
KCTD8/12b double KO mice. This result indicates that KCTD12b is involved in sustained
potentiation of vesicle release by GBR activation, whereas KCTD8 is involved in
its termination in the absence of KCTD12b. Consistent with these functional findings,
replica labelling revealed an increase in density of KCTD8, but not Cav2.3 or
GBR at active zone in rostral IPN of KCTD12b KO mice compared with that of WT
mice, suggesting that increased association of KCTD8 with Cav2.3 facilitates the
release probability and termination of the GBR effect in the absence of KCTD12b.\r\nIn
summary, our study provided new insights into the physiological roles of presynaptic
Cav2.3, GBRs and their auxiliary subunits KCTDs at an evolutionary conserved neuronal
circuit. Future studies will be required to identify the exact molecular mechanism
underlying the GBR-mediated presynaptic potentiation on ventral MHb terminals.
It remains to be determined whether the prominent presence of presynaptic KCTDs
at active zone could exert similar neuromodulatory functions in different pathways
of the brain.\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Pradeep
full_name: Bhandari, Pradeep
id: 45EDD1BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bhandari
orcid: 0000-0003-0863-4481
citation:
ama: Bhandari P. Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial habenula
to interpeduncular nucleus pathway. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7525
apa: Bhandari, P. (2020). Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial
habenula to interpeduncular nucleus pathway. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7525
chicago: Bhandari, Pradeep. “Localization and Functional Role of Cav2.3 in the Medial
Habenula to Interpeduncular Nucleus Pathway.” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7525.
ieee: P. Bhandari, “Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial habenula
to interpeduncular nucleus pathway,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020.
ista: Bhandari P. 2020. Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial
habenula to interpeduncular nucleus pathway. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria.
mla: Bhandari, Pradeep. Localization and Functional Role of Cav2.3 in the Medial
Habenula to Interpeduncular Nucleus Pathway. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7525.
short: P. Bhandari, Localization and Functional Role of Cav2.3 in the Medial Habenula
to Interpeduncular Nucleus Pathway, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020.
date_created: 2020-02-26T10:56:37Z
date_published: 2020-02-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:20:03Z
day: '28'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: RySh
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7525
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 4589234fdb12b4ad72273b311723a7b4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: pbhandari
date_created: 2020-02-28T08:37:53Z
date_updated: 2021-03-01T23:30:04Z
embargo: 2021-02-28
file_id: '7538'
file_name: Pradeep Bhandari Thesis.pdf
file_size: 9646346
relation: main_file
title: Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial habenula to interpeduncular
nucleus pathway
- access_level: closed
checksum: aa79490553ca0a5c9b6fbcd152e93928
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: pbhandari
date_created: 2020-02-28T08:47:14Z
date_updated: 2021-03-01T23:30:04Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '7539'
file_name: Pradeep Bhandari Thesis.docx
file_size: 35252164
relation: source_file
title: Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial habenula to interpeduncular
nucleus pathway
file_date_updated: 2021-03-01T23:30:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Cav2.3
- medial habenula (MHb)
- interpeduncular nucleus (IPN)
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '79'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
title: Localization and functional role of Cav2.3 in the medial habenula to interpeduncular
nucleus pathway
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8657'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Synthesis of proteins – translation – is a fundamental process of life. Quantitative
studies anchor translation into the context of bacterial physiology and reveal
several mathematical relationships, called “growth laws,” which capture physiological
feedbacks between protein synthesis and cell growth. Growth laws describe the
dependency of the ribosome abundance as a function of growth rate, which can change
depending on the growth conditions. Perturbations of translation reveal that bacteria
employ a compensatory strategy in which the reduced translation capability results
in increased expression of the translation machinery.\r\nPerturbations of translation
are achieved in various ways; clinically interesting is the application of translation-targeting
antibiotics – translation inhibitors. The antibiotic effects on bacterial physiology
are often poorly understood. Bacterial responses to two or more simultaneously
applied antibiotics are even more puzzling. The combined antibiotic effect determines
the type of drug interaction, which ranges from synergy (the effect is stronger
than expected) to antagonism (the effect is weaker) and suppression (one of the
drugs loses its potency).\r\nIn the first part of this work, we systematically
measure the pairwise interaction network for translation inhibitors that interfere
with different steps in translation. We find that the interactions are surprisingly
diverse and tend to be more antagonistic. To explore the underlying mechanisms,
we begin with a minimal biophysical model of combined antibiotic action. We base
this model on the kinetics of antibiotic uptake and binding together with the
physiological response described by the growth laws. The biophysical model explains
some drug interactions, but not all; it specifically fails to predict suppression.\r\nIn
the second part of this work, we hypothesize that elusive suppressive drug interactions
result from the interplay between ribosomes halted in different stages of translation.
To elucidate this putative mechanism of drug interactions between translation
inhibitors, we generate translation bottlenecks genetically using in- ducible
control of translation factors that regulate well-defined translation cycle steps.
These perturbations accurately mimic antibiotic action and drug interactions,
supporting that the interplay of different translation bottlenecks partially causes
these interactions.\r\nWe extend this approach by varying two translation bottlenecks
simultaneously. This approach reveals the suppression of translocation inhibition
by inhibited translation. We rationalize this effect by modeling dense traffic
of ribosomes that move on transcripts in a translation factor-mediated manner.
This model predicts a dissolution of traffic jams caused by inhibited translocation
when the density of ribosome traffic is reduced by lowered initiation. We base
this model on the growth laws and quantitative relationships between different
translation and growth parameters.\r\nIn the final part of this work, we describe
a set of tools aimed at quantification of physiological and translation parameters.
We further develop a simple model that directly connects the abundance of a translation
factor with the growth rate, which allows us to extract physiological parameters
describing initiation. We demonstrate the development of tools for measuring translation
rate.\r\nThis thesis showcases how a combination of high-throughput growth rate
mea- surements, genetics, and modeling can reveal mechanisms of drug interactions.
Furthermore, by a gradual transition from combinations of antibiotics to precise
genetic interventions, we demonstrated the equivalency between genetic and chemi-
cal perturbations of translation. These findings tile the path for quantitative
studies of antibiotic combinations and illustrate future approaches towards the
quantitative description of translation."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: I thank Life Science Facilities for their continuous support with
providing top-notch laboratory materials, keeping the devices humming, and coordinating
the repairs and building of custom-designed laboratory equipment with the MIBA Machine
shop.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Bor
full_name: Kavcic, Bor
id: 350F91D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kavcic
orcid: 0000-0001-6041-254X
citation:
ama: 'Kavcic B. Perturbations of protein synthesis: from antibiotics to genetics
and physiology. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8657'
apa: 'Kavcic, B. (2020). Perturbations of protein synthesis: from antibiotics
to genetics and physiology. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8657'
chicago: 'Kavcic, Bor. “Perturbations of Protein Synthesis: From Antibiotics to
Genetics and Physiology.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8657.'
ieee: 'B. Kavcic, “Perturbations of protein synthesis: from antibiotics to genetics
and physiology,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
ista: 'Kavcic B. 2020. Perturbations of protein synthesis: from antibiotics to genetics
and physiology. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
mla: 'Kavcic, Bor. Perturbations of Protein Synthesis: From Antibiotics to Genetics
and Physiology. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8657.'
short: 'B. Kavcic, Perturbations of Protein Synthesis: From Antibiotics to Genetics
and Physiology, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
date_created: 2020-10-13T16:46:14Z
date_published: 2020-10-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:20:48Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '571'
- '530'
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8657
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: d708ecd62b6fcc3bc1feb483b8dbe9eb
content_type: application/pdf
creator: bkavcic
date_created: 2020-10-15T06:41:20Z
date_updated: 2021-10-07T22:30:03Z
embargo: 2021-10-06
file_id: '8663'
file_name: kavcicB_thesis202009.pdf
file_size: 52636162
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: bb35f2352a04db19164da609f00501f3
content_type: application/zip
creator: bkavcic
date_created: 2020-10-15T06:41:53Z
date_updated: 2021-10-07T22:30:03Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '8664'
file_name: 2020b.zip
file_size: 321681247
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-10-07T22:30:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '271'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-011-4
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7673'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8250'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Gašper
full_name: Tkačik, Gašper
id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tkačik
orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
- first_name: Mark Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
title: 'Perturbations of protein synthesis: from antibiotics to genetics and physiology'
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7680'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Proteins and their complex dynamic interactions regulate cellular mechanisms
from sensing and transducing extracellular signals, to mediating genetic responses,
and sustaining or changing cell morphology. To manipulate these protein-protein
interactions (PPIs) that govern the behavior and fate of cells, synthetically
constructed, genetically encoded tools provide the means to precisely target proteins
of interest (POIs), and control their subcellular localization and activity in
vitro and in vivo. Ideal synthetic tools react to an orthogonal cue, i.e. a trigger
that does not activate any other endogenous process, thereby allowing manipulation
of the POI alone.\r\nIn optogenetics, naturally occurring photosensory domain
from plants, algae and bacteria are re-purposed and genetically fused to POIs.
Illumination with light of a specific wavelength triggers a conformational change
that can mediate PPIs, such as dimerization or oligomerization. By using light
as a trigger, these tools can be activated with high spatial and temporal precision,
on subcellular and millisecond scales. Chemogenetic tools consist of protein domains
that recognize and bind small molecules. By genetic fusion to POIs, these domains
can mediate PPIs upon addition of their specific ligands, which are often synthetically
designed to provide highly specific interactions and exhibit good bioavailability.\r\nMost
optogenetic tools to mediate PPIs are based on well-studied photoreceptors responding
to red, blue or near-UV light, leaving a striking gap in the green band of the
visible light spectrum. Among both optogenetic and chemogenetic tools, there is
an abundance of methods to induce PPIs, but tools to disrupt them require UV illumination,
rely on covalent linkage and subsequent enzymatic cleavage or initially result
in protein clustering of unknown stoichiometry.\r\nThis work describes how the
recently structurally and photochemically characterized green-light responsive
cobalamin-binding domains (CBDs) from bacterial transcription factors were re-purposed
to function as a green-light responsive optogenetic tool. In contrast to previously
engineered optogenetic tools, CBDs do not induce PPI, but rather confer a PPI
already upon expression, which can be rapidly disrupted by illumination. This
was employed to mimic inhibition of constitutive activity of a growth factor receptor,
and successfully implement for cell signalling in mammalian cells and in vivo
to rescue development in zebrafish. This work further describes the development
and application of a chemically induced de-dimerizer (CDD) based on a recently
identified and structurally described bacterial oxyreductase. CDD forms a dimer
upon expression in absence of its cofactor, the flavin derivative F420. Safety
and of domain expression and ligand exposure are demonstrated in vitro and in
vivo in zebrafish. The system is further applied to inhibit cell signalling output
from a chimeric receptor upon F420 treatment.\r\nCBDs and CDD expand the repertoire
of synthetic tools by providing novel mechanisms of mediating PPIs, and by recognizing
previously not utilized cues. In the future, they can readily be combined with
existing synthetic tools to functionally manipulate PPIs in vitro and in vivo."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Stephanie
full_name: Kainrath, Stephanie
id: 32CFBA64-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kainrath
citation:
ama: Kainrath S. Synthetic tools for optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition of
cellular signals. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7680
apa: Kainrath, S. (2020). Synthetic tools for optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition
of cellular signals. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7680
chicago: Kainrath, Stephanie. “Synthetic Tools for Optogenetic and Chemogenetic
Inhibition of Cellular Signals.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7680.
ieee: S. Kainrath, “Synthetic tools for optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition
of cellular signals,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Kainrath S. 2020. Synthetic tools for optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition
of cellular signals. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Kainrath, Stephanie. Synthetic Tools for Optogenetic and Chemogenetic Inhibition
of Cellular Signals. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7680.
short: S. Kainrath, Synthetic Tools for Optogenetic and Chemogenetic Inhibition
of Cellular Signals, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-04-24T16:00:51Z
date_published: 2020-04-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-22T09:20:10Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7680
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: fb9a4468eb27be92690728e35c823796
content_type: application/pdf
creator: stgingl
date_created: 2020-04-28T11:19:21Z
date_updated: 2021-10-31T23:30:05Z
embargo: 2021-10-30
file_id: '7692'
file_name: Thesis_without-signatures_PDFA.pdf
file_size: 3268017
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: f6c80ca97104a631a328cb79a2c53493
content_type: application/octet-stream
creator: stgingl
date_created: 2020-04-28T11:19:24Z
date_updated: 2021-10-31T23:30:05Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '7693'
file_name: Thesis_without signatures.docx
file_size: 5167703
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-10-31T23:30:05Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: '98'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '1028'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Harald L
full_name: Janovjak, Harald L
id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janovjak
orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
title: Synthetic tools for optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition of cellular signals
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8620'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The development of the human brain occurs through a tightly regulated series
of dynamic and adaptive processes during prenatal and postnatal life. A disruption
of this strictly orchestrated series of events can lead to a number of neurodevelopmental
conditions, including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). ASDs are a very common,
etiologically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of disorders sharing the
core symptoms of social interaction and communication deficits and restrictive
and repetitive interests and behaviors. They are estimated to affect one in 59
individuals in the U.S. and, over the last three decades, mutations in more than
a hundred genetic loci have been convincingly linked to ASD pathogenesis. Yet,
for the vast majority of these ASD-risk genes their role during brain development
and precise molecular function still remain elusive.\r\nDe novo loss of function
mutations in the ubiquitin ligase-encoding gene Cullin 3 (CUL3) lead to ASD. In
the study described here, we used Cul3 mouse models to evaluate the consequences
of Cul3 mutations in vivo. Our results show that Cul3 heterozygous knockout mice
exhibit deficits in motor coordination as well as ASD-relevant social and cognitive
impairments. Cul3+/-, Cul3+/fl Emx1-Cre and Cul3fl/fl Emx1-Cre mutant brains display
cortical lamination abnormalities due to defective migration of post-mitotic excitatory
neurons, as well as reduced numbers of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In line
with the observed abnormal cortical organization, Cul3 heterozygous deletion is
associated with decreased spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory activity in the
cortex. At the molecular level we show that Cul3 regulates cytoskeletal and adhesion
protein abundance in the mouse embryonic cortex. Abnormal regulation of cytoskeletal
proteins in Cul3 mutant neural cells results in atypical organization of the actin
mesh at the cell leading edge. Of note, heterozygous deletion of Cul3 in adult
mice does not induce the majority of the behavioral defects observed in constitutive
Cul3 haploinsufficient animals, pointing to a critical time-window for Cul3 deficiency.\r\nIn
conclusion, our data indicate that Cul3 plays a critical role in the regulation
of cytoskeletal proteins and neuronal migration. ASD-associated defects and behavioral
abnormalities are primarily due to dosage sensitive Cul3 functions at early brain
developmental stages."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: PreCl
acknowledgement: I would like to especially thank Armel Nicolas from the Proteomics
and Christoph Sommer from the Bioimaging Facilities for the data analysis, and to
thank the team of the Preclinical Facility, especially Sabina Deixler, Angela Schlerka,
Anita Lepold, Mihalea Mihai and Michael Schun for taking care of the mouse line
maintenance and their great support.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jasmin
full_name: Morandell, Jasmin
id: 4739D480-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Morandell
citation:
ama: Morandell J. Illuminating the role of Cul3 in autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis.
2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8620
apa: Morandell, J. (2020). Illuminating the role of Cul3 in autism spectrum disorder
pathogenesis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8620
chicago: Morandell, Jasmin. “Illuminating the Role of Cul3 in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Pathogenesis.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8620.
ieee: J. Morandell, “Illuminating the role of Cul3 in autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Morandell J. 2020. Illuminating the role of Cul3 in autism spectrum disorder
pathogenesis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Morandell, Jasmin. Illuminating the Role of Cul3 in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Pathogenesis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8620.
short: J. Morandell, Illuminating the Role of Cul3 in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathogenesis,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-10-07T14:53:13Z
date_published: 2020-10-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:22:14Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '610'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GaNo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8620
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 7ee83e42de3e5ce2fedb44dff472f75f
content_type: application/pdf
creator: jmorande
date_created: 2020-10-07T14:41:49Z
date_updated: 2021-10-16T22:30:04Z
embargo: 2021-10-15
file_id: '8621'
file_name: Jasmin_Morandell_Thesis-2020_final.pdf
file_size: 16155786
relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
checksum: 5e0464af453734210ce7aab7b4a92e3a
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: jmorande
date_created: 2020-10-07T14:45:07Z
date_updated: 2021-10-16T22:30:04Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '8622'
file_name: Jasmin_Morandell_Thesis-2020_final.zip
file_size: 24344152
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-10-16T22:30:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '138'
project:
- _id: 2548AE96-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: W1232-B24
name: Molecular Drug Targets
- _id: 05A0D778-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
grant_number: F07807
name: Neural stem cells in autism and epilepsy
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7800'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '8131'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Gaia
full_name: Novarino, Gaia
id: 3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Novarino
orcid: 0000-0002-7673-7178
title: Illuminating the role of Cul3 in autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8340'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Mitochondria are sites of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells. Oxidative
phosphorylation operates by a chemiosmotic mechanism made possible by redox-driven
proton pumping machines which establish a proton motive force across the inner
mitochondrial membrane. This electrochemical proton gradient is used to drive
ATP synthesis, which powers the majority of cellular processes such as protein
synthesis, locomotion and signalling. In this thesis I investigate the structures
and molecular mechanisms of two inner mitochondrial proton pumping enzymes, respiratory
complex I and transhydrogenase. I present the first high-resolution structure
of the full transhydrogenase from any species, and a significantly improved structure
of complex I. Improving the resolution from 3.3 Å available previously to up to
2.3 Å in this thesis allowed us to model bound water molecules, crucial in the
proton pumping mechanism. For both enzymes, up to five cryo-EM datasets with different
substrates and inhibitors bound were solved to delineate the catalytic cycle and
understand the proton pumping mechanism. In transhydrogenase, the proton channel
is gated by reversible detachment of the NADP(H)-binding domain which opens the
proton channel to the opposite sites of the membrane. In complex I, the proton
channels are gated by reversible protonation of key glutamate and lysine residues
and breaking of the water wire connecting the proton pumps with the quinone reduction
site. The tight coupling between the redox and the proton pumping reactions in
transhydrogenase is achieved by controlling the NADP(H) exchange which can only
happen when the NADP(H)-binding domain interacts with the membrane domain. In
complex I, coupling is achieved by cycling of the whole complex between the closed
state, in which quinone can get reduced, and the open state, in which NADH can
induce quinol ejection from the binding pocket. On the basis of these results
I propose detailed mechanisms for catalytic cycles of transhydrogenase and complex
I that are consistent with a large amount of previous work. In both enzymes, conformational
and electrostatic mechanisms contribute to the overall catalytic process. Results
presented here could be used for better understanding of the human pathologies
arising from deficiencies of complex I or transhydrogenase and could be used to
develop novel therapies.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: 'I acknowledge the support of IST facilities, especially the Electron
Miscroscopy facility for providing training and resources. Special thanks also go
to cryo-EM specialists who helped me to collect the data present here: Dr Valentin
Hodirnau (IST Austria), Dr Tom Heuser (IMBA, Vienna), Dr Rebecca Thompson (Uni.
of Leeds) and Dr Jirka Nováček (CEITEC). This work has been supported by iNEXT,
project number 653706, funded by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.'
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Domen
full_name: Kampjut, Domen
id: 37233050-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kampjut
citation:
ama: Kampjut D. Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial redox-coupled proton pumping
enzymes. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8340
apa: Kampjut, D. (2020). Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial redox-coupled
proton pumping enzymes. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8340
chicago: Kampjut, Domen. “Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox-Coupled Proton
Pumping Enzymes.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8340.
ieee: D. Kampjut, “Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial redox-coupled proton pumping
enzymes,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Kampjut D. 2020. Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial redox-coupled proton
pumping enzymes. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Kampjut, Domen. Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox-Coupled Proton
Pumping Enzymes. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8340.
short: D. Kampjut, Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox-Coupled Proton Pumping
Enzymes, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-07T18:42:23Z
date_published: 2020-09-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:26:17Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '572'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: LeSa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8340
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: dd270baf82121eb4472ad19d77bf227c
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: dkampjut
date_created: 2020-09-08T13:32:06Z
date_updated: 2021-09-11T22:30:04Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '8345'
file_name: ThesisFull20200908.docx
file_size: 166146359
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 82fce6f95ffa47ecc4ebca67ea2cc38c
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-14T15:02:20Z
date_updated: 2021-09-11T22:30:04Z
embargo: 2021-09-10
file_id: '8393'
file_name: 2020_Thesis_Kampjut.pdf
file_size: 13873769
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-09-11T22:30:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: '242'
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '665385'
name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-008-4
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '6848'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Leonid A
full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A
id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sazanov
orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
title: Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial redox-coupled proton pumping enzymes
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...