--- _id: '14796' abstract: - lang: eng text: Key innovations are fundamental to biological diversification, but their genetic basis is poorly understood. A recent transition from egg-laying to live-bearing in marine snails (Littorina spp.) provides the opportunity to study the genetic architecture of an innovation that has evolved repeatedly across animals. Individuals do not cluster by reproductive mode in a genome-wide phylogeny, but local genealogical analysis revealed numerous small genomic regions where all live-bearers carry the same core haplotype. Candidate regions show evidence for live-bearer–specific positive selection and are enriched for genes that are differentially expressed between egg-laying and live-bearing reproductive systems. Ages of selective sweeps suggest that live-bearer–specific alleles accumulated over more than 200,000 generations. Our results suggest that new functions evolve through the recruitment of many alleles rather than in a single evolutionary step. acknowledgement: "We thank J. Galindo, M. Montaño-Rendón, N. Mikhailova, A. Blakeslee, E. Arnason, and P. Kemppainen for providing samples; R. Turney, G. Sotelo, J. Larsson, T. Broquet, and S. Loisel for help collecting samples; Science Animated for providing the snail cartoons shown in Fig. 1; M. Dunning for help in developing bioinformatic pipelines; R. Faria, H. Morales, and V. Sousa for advice; and M. Hahn, J. Slate, M. Ravinet, J. Raeymaekers, A. Comeault, and N. Barton for feedback on a draft manuscript.\r\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/P001610/1 to R.K.B.), the European Research Council (grant ERC-2015-AdG693030-BARRIERS to R.K.B.), the Norwegian Research Council (RCN Project 315287 to A.M.W.), and the Swedish Research Council (grant 2020-05385 to E.L.)." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Sean full_name: Stankowski, Sean id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E last_name: Stankowski - first_name: Zuzanna B. full_name: Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B. last_name: Zagrodzka - first_name: Martin D. full_name: Garlovsky, Martin D. last_name: Garlovsky - first_name: Arka full_name: Pal, Arka id: 6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425 last_name: Pal orcid: 0000-0002-4530-8469 - first_name: Daria full_name: Shipilina, Daria id: 428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shipilina orcid: 0000-0002-1145-9226 - first_name: Diego Fernando full_name: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando id: ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701 last_name: Garcia Castillo - first_name: Hila full_name: Lifchitz, Hila id: d6ab5470-2fb3-11ed-8633-986a9b84edac last_name: Lifchitz - first_name: Alan full_name: Le Moan, Alan last_name: Le Moan - first_name: Erica full_name: Leder, Erica last_name: Leder - first_name: James full_name: Reeve, James last_name: Reeve - first_name: Kerstin full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin last_name: Johannesson - first_name: Anja M full_name: Westram, Anja M id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Westram orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969 - first_name: Roger K. full_name: Butlin, Roger K. last_name: Butlin citation: ama: Stankowski S, Zagrodzka ZB, Garlovsky MD, et al. The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails. Science. 2024;383(6678):114-119. doi:10.1126/science.adi2982 apa: Stankowski, S., Zagrodzka, Z. B., Garlovsky, M. D., Pal, A., Shipilina, D., Garcia Castillo, D. F., … Butlin, R. K. (2024). The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982 chicago: Stankowski, Sean, Zuzanna B. Zagrodzka, Martin D. Garlovsky, Arka Pal, Daria Shipilina, Diego Fernando Garcia Castillo, Hila Lifchitz, et al. “The Genetic Basis of a Recent Transition to Live-Bearing in Marine Snails.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982. ieee: S. Stankowski et al., “The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails,” Science, vol. 383, no. 6678. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 114–119, 2024. ista: Stankowski S, Zagrodzka ZB, Garlovsky MD, Pal A, Shipilina D, Garcia Castillo DF, Lifchitz H, Le Moan A, Leder E, Reeve J, Johannesson K, Westram AM, Butlin RK. 2024. The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails. Science. 383(6678), 114–119. mla: Stankowski, Sean, et al. “The Genetic Basis of a Recent Transition to Live-Bearing in Marine Snails.” Science, vol. 383, no. 6678, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024, pp. 114–19, doi:10.1126/science.adi2982. short: S. Stankowski, Z.B. Zagrodzka, M.D. Garlovsky, A. Pal, D. Shipilina, D.F. Garcia Castillo, H. Lifchitz, A. Le Moan, E. Leder, J. Reeve, K. Johannesson, A.M. Westram, R.K. Butlin, Science 383 (2024) 114–119. date_created: 2024-01-14T23:00:56Z date_published: 2024-01-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-03-05T09:35:25Z day: '05' department: - _id: NiBa - _id: GradSch doi: 10.1126/science.adi2982 external_id: pmid: - '38175895' intvolume: ' 383' issue: '6678' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 114-119 pmid: 1 publication: Science publication_identifier: eissn: - 1095-9203 publication_status: published publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA Website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-snail-or-the-egg/ record: - id: '14812' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 383 year: '2024' ...