--- _id: '12109' abstract: - lang: eng text: Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful tool for studying contact electrification (CE) at the nanoscale, but converting KPFM voltage maps to charge density maps is nontrivial due to long-range forces and complex system geometry. Here we present a strategy using finite-element method (FEM) simulations to determine the Green's function of the KPFM probe/insulator/ground system, which allows us to quantitatively extract surface charge. Testing our approach with synthetic data, we find that accounting for the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, cone, and cantilever is necessary to recover a known input and that existing methods lead to gross miscalculation or even the incorrect sign of the underlying charge. Applying it to experimental data, we demonstrate its capacity to extract realistic surface charge densities and fine details from contact-charged surfaces. Our method gives a straightforward recipe to convert qualitative KPFM voltage data into quantitative charge data over a range of experimental conditions, enabling quantitative CE at the nanoscale. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: "This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine\r\nShop, the Nanofabrication Facility, and the Scientific Computing Facility. We thank F. Stumpf from Park Systems for useful discussions and support with scanning probe microscopy.\r\nF.P. and J.C.S. contributed equally to this work." article_number: '125605' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl - first_name: Juan Carlos A full_name: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A id: 4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425 last_name: Sobarzo Ponce - first_name: Lubuna B full_name: Shafeek, Lubuna B id: 3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shafeek orcid: 0000-0001-7180-6050 - first_name: Tobias full_name: Cramer, Tobias last_name: Cramer - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. 2022;6(12). doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605 apa: Pertl, F., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Shafeek, L. B., Cramer, T., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2022). Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605 chicago: Pertl, Felix, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, Lubuna B Shafeek, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605. ieee: F. Pertl, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, L. B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 6, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2022. ista: Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2022. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. 6(12), 125605. mla: Pertl, Felix, et al. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 6, no. 12, 125605, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605. short: F. Pertl, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, L.B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 6 (2022). date_created: 2023-01-08T23:00:53Z date_published: 2022-12-29T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-03T14:11:29Z day: '29' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: NanoFab doi: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2209.01889' isi: - '000908384800001' intvolume: ' 6' isi: 1 issue: '12' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.01889' month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Physical Review Materials publication_identifier: eissn: - 2475-9953 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 6 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '8101' abstract: - lang: eng text: By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature. acknowledgement: "We would like to thank Philip Born, Bartosz Grzybowski, Tarik Baytekin, and Bilge Baytekin for helpful discussions.\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411." article_number: '082602' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Galien M full_name: Grosjean, Galien M id: 0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425 last_name: Grosjean orcid: 0000-0001-5154-417X - first_name: Sebastian full_name: Wald, Sebastian id: 133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425 last_name: Wald - first_name: Juan Carlos A full_name: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A id: 4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425 last_name: Sobarzo Ponce - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Grosjean GM, Wald S, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. Physical Review Materials. 2020;4(8). doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602 apa: Grosjean, G. M., Wald, S., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2020). Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602 chicago: Grosjean, Galien M, Sebastian Wald, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantitatively Consistent Scale-Spanning Model for Same-Material Tribocharging.” Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602. ieee: G. M. Grosjean, S. Wald, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 4, no. 8. American Physical Society, 2020. ista: Grosjean GM, Wald S, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. 2020. Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. Physical Review Materials. 4(8), 082602. mla: Grosjean, Galien M., et al. “Quantitatively Consistent Scale-Spanning Model for Same-Material Tribocharging.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 4, no. 8, 082602, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602. short: G.M. Grosjean, S. Wald, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 4 (2020). date_created: 2020-07-07T11:33:54Z date_published: 2020-08-17T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-22T08:41:32Z day: '17' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2006.07120' isi: - '000561897000001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 288fef1eeb6540c6344bb8f7c8159dc9 content_type: application/pdf creator: ggrosjea date_created: 2020-08-17T15:54:20Z date_updated: 2020-08-17T15:54:20Z file_id: '8277' file_name: Grosjean2020.pdf file_size: 853753 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2020-08-17T15:54:20Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 4' isi: 1 issue: '8' keyword: - electric charge - tribocharging - soft matter - granular materials - polymers language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '754411' name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships publication: Physical Review Materials publication_identifier: issn: - 2475-9953 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '12697' relation: popular_science status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 4 year: '2020' ...