@article{12762, abstract = {Neurons in the brain are wired into adaptive networks that exhibit collective dynamics as diverse as scale-specific oscillations and scale-free neuronal avalanches. Although existing models account for oscillations and avalanches separately, they typically do not explain both phenomena, are too complex to analyze analytically or intractable to infer from data rigorously. Here we propose a feedback-driven Ising-like class of neural networks that captures avalanches and oscillations simultaneously and quantitatively. In the simplest yet fully microscopic model version, we can analytically compute the phase diagram and make direct contact with human brain resting-state activity recordings via tractable inference of the model’s two essential parameters. The inferred model quantitatively captures the dynamics over a broad range of scales, from single sensor oscillations to collective behaviors of extreme events and neuronal avalanches. Importantly, the inferred parameters indicate that the co-existence of scale-specific (oscillations) and scale-free (avalanches) dynamics occurs close to a non-equilibrium critical point at the onset of self-sustained oscillations.}, author = {Lombardi, Fabrizio and Pepic, Selver and Shriki, Oren and Tkačik, Gašper and De Martino, Daniele}, issn = {2662-8457}, journal = {Nature Computational Science}, pages = {254--263}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Statistical modeling of adaptive neural networks explains co-existence of avalanches and oscillations in resting human brain}}, doi = {10.1038/s43588-023-00410-9}, volume = {3}, year = {2023}, } @article{6049, abstract = {In this article it is shown that large systems with many interacting units endowing multiple phases display self-oscillations in the presence of linear feedback between the control and order parameters, where an Andronov–Hopf bifurcation takes over the phase transition. This is simply illustrated through the mean field Landau theory whose feedback dynamics turn out to be described by the Van der Pol equation and it is then validated for the fully connected Ising model following heat bath dynamics. Despite its simplicity, this theory accounts potentially for a rich range of phenomena: here it is applied to describe in a stylized way (i) excess demand-price cycles due to strong herding in a simple agent-based market model; (ii) congestion waves in queuing networks triggered by user feedback to delays in overloaded conditions; and (iii) metabolic network oscillations resulting from cell growth control in a bistable phenotypic landscape.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele}, journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical}, number = {4}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Feedback-induced self-oscillations in large interacting systems subjected to phase transitions}}, doi = {10.1088/1751-8121/aaf2dd}, volume = {52}, year = {2019}, } @article{306, abstract = {A cornerstone of statistical inference, the maximum entropy framework is being increasingly applied to construct descriptive and predictive models of biological systems, especially complex biological networks, from large experimental data sets. Both its broad applicability and the success it obtained in different contexts hinge upon its conceptual simplicity and mathematical soundness. Here we try to concisely review the basic elements of the maximum entropy principle, starting from the notion of ‘entropy’, and describe its usefulness for the analysis of biological systems. As examples, we focus specifically on the problem of reconstructing gene interaction networks from expression data and on recent work attempting to expand our system-level understanding of bacterial metabolism. Finally, we highlight some extensions and potential limitations of the maximum entropy approach, and point to more recent developments that are likely to play a key role in the upcoming challenges of extracting structures and information from increasingly rich, high-throughput biological data.}, author = {De Martino, Andrea and De Martino, Daniele}, journal = {Heliyon}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{An introduction to the maximum entropy approach and its application to inference problems in biology}}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00596}, volume = {4}, year = {2018}, } @article{161, abstract = {Which properties of metabolic networks can be derived solely from stoichiometry? Predictive results have been obtained by flux balance analysis (FBA), by postulating that cells set metabolic fluxes to maximize growth rate. Here we consider a generalization of FBA to single-cell level using maximum entropy modeling, which we extend and test experimentally. Specifically, we define for Escherichia coli metabolism a flux distribution that yields the experimental growth rate: the model, containing FBA as a limit, provides a better match to measured fluxes and it makes a wide range of predictions: on flux variability, regulation, and correlations; on the relative importance of stoichiometry vs. optimization; on scaling relations for growth rate distributions. We validate the latter here with single-cell data at different sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations. The model quantifies growth optimization as emerging from the interplay of competitive dynamics in the population and regulation of metabolism at the level of single cells.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele and Mc, Andersson Anna and Bergmiller, Tobias and Guet, Calin C and Tkacik, Gasper}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Statistical mechanics for metabolic networks during steady state growth}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05417-9}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5587, abstract = {Supporting material to the article STATISTICAL MECHANICS FOR METABOLIC NETWORKS IN STEADY-STATE GROWTH boundscoli.dat Flux Bounds of the E. coli catabolic core model iAF1260 in a glucose limited minimal medium. polcoli.dat Matrix enconding the polytope of the E. coli catabolic core model iAF1260 in a glucose limited minimal medium, obtained from the soichiometric matrix by standard linear algebra (reduced row echelon form). ellis.dat Approximate Lowner-John ellipsoid rounding the polytope of the E. coli catabolic core model iAF1260 in a glucose limited minimal medium obtained with the Lovasz method. point0.dat Center of the approximate Lowner-John ellipsoid rounding the polytope of the E. coli catabolic core model iAF1260 in a glucose limited minimal medium obtained with the Lovasz method. lovasz.cpp This c++ code file receives in input the polytope of the feasible steady states of a metabolic network, (matrix and bounds), and it gives in output an approximate Lowner-John ellipsoid rounding the polytope with the Lovasz method NB inputs are referred by defaults to the catabolic core of the E.Coli network iAF1260. For further details we refer to PLoS ONE 10.4 e0122670 (2015). sampleHRnew.cpp This c++ code file receives in input the polytope of the feasible steady states of a metabolic network, (matrix and bounds), the ellipsoid rounding the polytope, a point inside and it gives in output a max entropy sampling at fixed average growth rate of the steady states by performing an Hit-and-Run Monte Carlo Markov chain. NB inputs are referred by defaults to the catabolic core of the E.Coli network iAF1260. For further details we refer to PLoS ONE 10.4 e0122670 (2015).}, author = {De Martino, Daniele and Tkacik, Gasper}, keywords = {metabolic networks, e.coli core, maximum entropy, monte carlo markov chain sampling, ellipsoidal rounding}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Supporting materials "STATISTICAL MECHANICS FOR METABOLIC NETWORKS IN STEADY-STATE GROWTH"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:62}, year = {2018}, } @article{959, abstract = {In this work it is shown that scale-free tails in metabolic flux distributions inferred in stationary models are an artifact due to reactions involved in thermodynamically unfeasible cycles, unbounded by physical constraints and in principle able to perform work without expenditure of free energy. After implementing thermodynamic constraints by removing such loops, metabolic flux distributions scale meaningfully with the physical limiting factors, acquiring in turn a richer multimodal structure potentially leading to symmetry breaking while optimizing for objective functions.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele}, issn = {24700045}, journal = { Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics }, number = {6}, pages = {062419}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, title = {{Scales and multimodal flux distributions in stationary metabolic network models via thermodynamics}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.95.062419}, volume = {95}, year = {2017}, } @article{947, abstract = {Viewing the ways a living cell can organize its metabolism as the phase space of a physical system, regulation can be seen as the ability to reduce the entropy of that space by selecting specific cellular configurations that are, in some sense, optimal. Here we quantify the amount of regulation required to control a cell's growth rate by a maximum-entropy approach to the space of underlying metabolic phenotypes, where a configuration corresponds to a metabolic flux pattern as described by genome-scale models. We link the mean growth rate achieved by a population of cells to the minimal amount of metabolic regulation needed to achieve it through a phase diagram that highlights how growth suppression can be as costly (in regulatory terms) as growth enhancement. Moreover, we provide an interpretation of the inverse temperature β controlling maximum-entropy distributions based on the underlying growth dynamics. Specifically, we show that the asymptotic value of β for a cell population can be expected to depend on (i) the carrying capacity of the environment, (ii) the initial size of the colony, and (iii) the probability distribution from which the inoculum was sampled. Results obtained for E. coli and human cells are found to be remarkably consistent with empirical evidence.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele and Capuani, Fabrizio and De Martino, Andrea}, issn = {24700045}, journal = { Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics }, number = {1}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, title = {{Quantifying the entropic cost of cellular growth control}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.96.010401}, volume = {96}, year = {2017}, } @article{823, abstract = {The resolution of a linear system with positive integer variables is a basic yet difficult computational problem with many applications. We consider sparse uncorrelated random systems parametrised by the density c and the ratio α=N/M between number of variables N and number of constraints M. By means of ensemble calculations we show that the space of feasible solutions endows a Van-Der-Waals phase diagram in the plane (c, α). We give numerical evidence that the associated computational problems become more difficult across the critical point and in particular in the coexistence region.}, author = {Colabrese, Simona and De Martino, Daniele and Leuzzi, Luca and Marinari, Enzo}, issn = {17425468}, journal = { Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment}, number = {9}, publisher = {IOPscience}, title = {{Phase transitions in integer linear problems}}, doi = {10.1088/1742-5468/aa85c3}, volume = {2017}, year = {2017}, } @article{548, abstract = {In this work maximum entropy distributions in the space of steady states of metabolic networks are considered upon constraining the first and second moments of the growth rate. Coexistence of fast and slow phenotypes, with bimodal flux distributions, emerges upon considering control on the average growth (optimization) and its fluctuations (heterogeneity). This is applied to the carbon catabolic core of Escherichia coli where it quantifies the metabolic activity of slow growing phenotypes and it provides a quantitative map with metabolic fluxes, opening the possibility to detect coexistence from flux data. A preliminary analysis on data for E. coli cultures in standard conditions shows degeneracy for the inferred parameters that extend in the coexistence region.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele}, issn = {2470-0045}, journal = {Physical Review E}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Maximum entropy modeling of metabolic networks by constraining growth-rate moments predicts coexistence of phenotypes}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.96.060401}, volume = {96}, year = {2017}, } @article{1188, abstract = {We consider a population dynamics model coupling cell growth to a diffusion in the space of metabolic phenotypes as it can be obtained from realistic constraints-based modelling. In the asymptotic regime of slow diffusion, that coincides with the relevant experimental range, the resulting non-linear Fokker–Planck equation is solved for the steady state in the WKB approximation that maps it into the ground state of a quantum particle in an Airy potential plus a centrifugal term. We retrieve scaling laws for growth rate fluctuations and time response with respect to the distance from the maximum growth rate suggesting that suboptimal populations can have a faster response to perturbations.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele and Masoero, Davide}, journal = { Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment}, number = {12}, publisher = {IOPscience}, title = {{Asymptotic analysis of noisy fitness maximization, applied to metabolism & growth}}, doi = {10.1088/1742-5468/aa4e8f}, volume = {2016}, year = {2016}, } @article{1260, abstract = {In this work, the Gardner problem of inferring interactions and fields for an Ising neural network from given patterns under a local stability hypothesis is addressed under a dual perspective. By means of duality arguments, an integer linear system is defined whose solution space is the dual of the Gardner space and whose solutions represent mutually unstable patterns. We propose and discuss Monte Carlo methods in order to find and remove unstable patterns and uniformly sample the space of interactions thereafter. We illustrate the problem on a set of real data and perform ensemble calculation that shows how the emergence of phase dominated by unstable patterns can be triggered in a nonlinear discontinuous way.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele}, journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics C}, number = {6}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, title = {{The dual of the space of interactions in neural network models}}, doi = {10.1142/S0129183116500674}, volume = {27}, year = {2016}, } @article{1394, abstract = {The solution space of genome-scale models of cellular metabolism provides a map between physically viable flux configurations and cellular metabolic phenotypes described, at the most basic level, by the corresponding growth rates. By sampling the solution space of E. coliʼs metabolic network, we show that empirical growth rate distributions recently obtained in experiments at single-cell resolution can be explained in terms of a trade-off between the higher fitness of fast-growing phenotypes and the higher entropy of slow-growing ones. Based on this, we propose a minimal model for the evolution of a large bacterial population that captures this trade-off. The scaling relationships observed in experiments encode, in such frameworks, for the same distance from the maximum achievable growth rate, the same degree of growth rate maximization, and/or the same rate of phenotypic change. Being grounded on genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, these results allow for multiple implications and extensions in spite of the underlying conceptual simplicity.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele and Capuani, Fabrizio and De Martino, Andrea}, journal = {Physical Biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd.}, title = {{Growth against entropy in bacterial metabolism: the phenotypic trade-off behind empirical growth rate distributions in E. coli}}, doi = {10.1088/1478-3975/13/3/036005}, volume = {13}, year = {2016}, } @article{1485, abstract = {In this article the notion of metabolic turnover is revisited in the light of recent results of out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics. By means of Monte Carlo methods we perform an exact sampling of the enzymatic fluxes in a genome scale metabolic network of E. Coli in stationary growth conditions from which we infer the metabolites turnover times. However the latter are inferred from net fluxes, and we argue that this approximation is not valid for enzymes working nearby thermodynamic equilibrium. We recalculate turnover times from total fluxes by performing an energy balance analysis of the network and recurring to the fluctuation theorem. We find in many cases values one of order of magnitude lower, implying a faster picture of intermediate metabolism.}, author = {De Martino, Daniele}, journal = {Physical Biology}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd.}, title = {{Genome-scale estimate of the metabolic turnover of E. Coli from the energy balance analysis}}, doi = {10.1088/1478-3975/13/1/016003}, volume = {13}, year = {2016}, }