[{"oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_size":1266515,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2022_PhysRevLetters_Jirovec.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2022-03-28T06:53:39Z","date_updated":"2022-03-28T06:53:39Z","checksum":"6e66ad548d18db9c131f304acbd5a1f4","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"10928"}],"title":"Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences","ddc":["530"],"status":"public","intvolume":" 128","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"10920","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The spin-orbit interaction permits to control the state of a spin qubit via electric fields. For holes it is particularly strong, allowing for fast all electrical qubit manipulation, and yet an in-depth understanding of this interaction in hole systems is missing. Here we investigate, experimentally and theoretically, the effect of the cubic Rashba spin-orbit interaction on the mixing of the spin states by studying singlet-triplet oscillations in a planar Ge hole double quantum dot. Landau-Zener sweeps at different magnetic field directions allow us to disentangle the effects of the spin-orbit induced spin-flip term from those caused by strongly site-dependent and anisotropic quantum dot g tensors. Our work, therefore, provides new insights into the hole spin-orbit interaction, necessary for optimizing future qubit experiments."}],"issue":"12","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publication":"Physical Review Letters","citation":{"chicago":"Jirovec, Daniel, Philipp M. Mutter, Andrea C Hofmann, Alessandro Crippa, Marek Rychetsky, David L. Craig, Josip Kukucka, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large g-Factor Differences.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803.","mla":"Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large g-Factor Differences.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 128, no. 12, 126803, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803.","short":"D. Jirovec, P.M. Mutter, A.C. Hofmann, A. Crippa, M. Rychetsky, D.L. Craig, J. Kukucka, F. Martins, A. Ballabio, N. Ares, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Burkard, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Letters 128 (2022).","ista":"Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, Crippa A, Rychetsky M, Craig DL, Kukucka J, Martins F, Ballabio A, Ares N, Chrastina D, Isella G, Burkard G, Katsaros G. 2022. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. Physical Review Letters. 128(12), 126803.","apa":"Jirovec, D., Mutter, P. M., Hofmann, A. C., Crippa, A., Rychetsky, M., Craig, D. L., … Katsaros, G. (2022). Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803","ieee":"D. Jirovec et al., “Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 128, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2022.","ama":"Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, et al. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. Physical Review Letters. 2022;128(12). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803"},"day":"24","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2022-03-24T15:51:11Z","date_updated":"2023-08-03T06:14:58Z","volume":128,"author":[{"full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Mutter, Philipp M.","last_name":"Mutter","first_name":"Philipp M."},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C","first_name":"Andrea C","last_name":"Hofmann","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X","id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425","last_name":"Crippa","first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Crippa, Alessandro"},{"last_name":"Rychetsky","first_name":"Marek","full_name":"Rychetsky, Marek"},{"full_name":"Craig, David L.","last_name":"Craig","first_name":"David L."},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"first_name":"Frederico","last_name":"Martins","id":"38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E","orcid":"0000-0003-2668-2401","full_name":"Martins, Frederico"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Ares","full_name":"Ares, Natalia"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Burkard","first_name":"Guido ","full_name":"Burkard, Guido "},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie\r\nSkłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 844511, No. 75441, and by the FWF-P 30207, I05060, and M3032-N projects. A. B. acknowledges support from the EU Horizon-2020 FET project microSPIRE, ID: 766955. P.M. M. and G. B. acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG—German Research Foundation) under Project No. 450396347. This work was supported by the Royal Society (URF\\R1\\191150) and the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 948932), N. A. acknowledges the use of the University of Oxford Advanced Research Computing (ARC) facility.","year":"2022","file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T06:53:39Z","ec_funded":1,"article_number":"126803","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"844511","_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411"},{"grant_number":"P30207","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060"},{"name":"Long-range spin exchange for 2D qubits architectures","_id":"c08c05c4-5a5b-11eb-8a69-dc6ce49d7973","grant_number":"M03032"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000786542500004"],"arxiv":["2111.05130"]},"oa":1,"month":"03","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1079-7114"]}},{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781728181769"]},"month":"04","project":[{"_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000675595800006"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817","conference":{"start_date":"2021-04-08","location":"Virtual, Online","end_date":"2021-04-11","name":"EDTM: IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference"},"article_number":"9420817","ec_funded":1,"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publisher":"IEEE","publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301700) and the ERC Starting Grant no. 335497.","year":"2021","date_updated":"2023-10-03T12:51:59Z","date_created":"2021-06-06T22:01:29Z","author":[{"full_name":"Gao, Fei","last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jie Yin","full_name":"Zhang, Jie Yin"},{"first_name":"Jian Huan","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Jian Huan"},{"first_name":"Ming","last_name":"Ming","full_name":"Ming, Ming"},{"full_name":"Wang, Tina","first_name":"Tina","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jian Jun","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jian Jun"},{"id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukušić"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Ke","full_name":"Wang, Ke"},{"first_name":"Gang","last_name":"Xu","full_name":"Xu, Gang"},{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Hai Ou","full_name":"Li, Hai Ou"},{"full_name":"Guo, Guo Ping","last_name":"Guo","first_name":"Guo Ping"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"08","citation":{"ama":"Gao F, Zhang JY, Wang JH, et al. Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. In: 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021. IEEE; 2021. doi:10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817","ista":"Gao F, Zhang JY, Wang JH, Ming M, Wang T, Zhang JJ, Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Katsaros G, Wang K, Xu G, Li HO, Guo GP. 2021. Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021. EDTM: IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, 9420817.","ieee":"F. Gao et al., “Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing,” in 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021, Virtual, Online, 2021.","apa":"Gao, F., Zhang, J. Y., Wang, J. H., Ming, M., Wang, T., Zhang, J. J., … Guo, G. P. (2021). Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. In 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021. Virtual, Online: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817","mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Ge/Si Quantum Wires for Quantum Computing.” 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021, 9420817, IEEE, 2021, doi:10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817.","short":"F. Gao, J.Y. Zhang, J.H. Wang, M. Ming, T. Wang, J.J. Zhang, H. Watzinger, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, G. Katsaros, K. Wang, G. Xu, H.O. Li, G.P. Guo, in:, 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021, IEEE, 2021.","chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jie Yin Zhang, Jian Huan Wang, Ming Ming, Tina Wang, Jian Jun Zhang, Hannes Watzinger, et al. “Ge/Si Quantum Wires for Quantum Computing.” In 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021. IEEE, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817."},"publication":"2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021","date_published":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We firstly introduce the self-assembled growth of highly uniform Ge quantum wires with controllable position, distance and length on patterned Si (001) substrates. We then present the electrically tunable strong spin-orbit coupling, the first Ge hole spin qubit and ultrafast operation of hole spin qubit in the Ge/Si quantum wires."}],"title":"Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"9464","oa_version":"None"},{"oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"8909","title":"A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge","status":"public","intvolume":" 20","abstract":[{"text":"Spin qubits are considered to be among the most promising candidates for building a quantum processor. Group IV hole spin qubits have moved into the focus of interest due to the ease of operation and compatibility with Si technology. In addition, Ge offers the option for monolithic superconductor-semiconductor integration. Here we demonstrate a hole spin qubit operating at fields below 10 mT, the critical field of Al, by exploiting the large out-of-plane hole g-factors in planar Ge and by encoding the qubit into the singlet-triplet states of a double quantum dot. We observe electrically controlled X and Z-rotations with tunable frequencies exceeding 100 MHz and dephasing times of 1μs which we extend beyond 15μs with echo techniques. These results show that Ge hole singlet triplet qubits outperform their electronic Si and GaAs based counterparts in speed and coherence, respectively. In addition, they are on par with Ge single spin qubits, but can be operated at much lower fields underlining their potential for on chip integration with superconducting technologies.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"8","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"Nature Materials","citation":{"ama":"Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, et al. A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. Nature Materials. 2021;20(8):1106–1112. doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2","ieee":"D. Jirovec et al., “A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge,” Nature Materials, vol. 20, no. 8. Springer Nature, pp. 1106–1112, 2021.","apa":"Jirovec, D., Hofmann, A. C., Ballabio, A., Mutter, P. M., Tavani, G., Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. Nature Materials. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2","ista":"Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, Mutter PM, Tavani G, Botifoll M, Crippa A, Kukucka J, Sagi O, Martins F, Saez Mollejo J, Prieto Gonzalez I, Borovkov M, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2021. A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. Nature Materials. 20(8), 1106–1112.","short":"D. Jirovec, A.C. Hofmann, A. Ballabio, P.M. Mutter, G. Tavani, M. Botifoll, A. Crippa, J. Kukucka, O. Sagi, F. Martins, J. Saez Mollejo, I. Prieto Gonzalez, M. Borovkov, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Materials 20 (2021) 1106–1112.","mla":"Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” Nature Materials, vol. 20, no. 8, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 1106–1112, doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2.","chicago":"Jirovec, Daniel, Andrea C Hofmann, Andrea Ballabio, Philipp M. Mutter, Giulio Tavani, Marc Botifoll, Alessandro Crippa, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” Nature Materials. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2."},"article_type":"original","page":"1106–1112","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Jirovec","first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Andrea C","last_name":"Hofmann","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"last_name":"Mutter","first_name":"Philipp M.","full_name":"Mutter, Philipp M."},{"full_name":"Tavani, Giulio","first_name":"Giulio","last_name":"Tavani"},{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Botifoll"},{"id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Crippa","full_name":"Crippa, Alessandro"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip"},{"last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"first_name":"Frederico","last_name":"Martins","id":"38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E","orcid":"0000-0003-2668-2401","full_name":"Martins, Frederico"},{"last_name":"Saez Mollejo","first_name":"Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime"},{"full_name":"Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan","id":"2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7370-5357","first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Prieto Gonzalez"},{"id":"2ac7a0a2-3562-11eb-9256-fbd18ea55087","last_name":"Borovkov","first_name":"Maksim","full_name":"Borovkov, Maksim"},{"full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"9323"},{"id":"10058","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/quantum-computing-with-holes/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage"}]},"date_created":"2020-12-02T10:50:47Z","date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:27Z","volume":20,"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, and was made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements no. 844511 and no. 75441, and by the Austrian Science Fund FWF-P 30207 project. A.B. acknowledges support from the European Union Horizon 2020 FET project microSPIRE, no. 766955. M. Botifoll and J.A. acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. The Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from the Spanish Ministery of Economy (MINECO) (grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the Catalonian Research Centre (CERCA) Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed within the framework of the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. Part of the HAADF scanning transmission electron microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza. ICN2 acknowledge support from the Spanish Superior Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001. M.B. acknowledges funding from the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya formation of investigators (FI) PhD grant.","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"ec_funded":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2011.13755"],"isi":["000657596400001"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13755"}],"oa":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"844511"},{"grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"P30207"},{"_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices"}],"month":"08","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1476-1122"],"eissn":["1476-4660"]}},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum computation enables the execution of algorithms that have exponential complexity. This might open the path towards the synthesis of new materials or medical drugs, optimization of transport or financial strategies etc., intractable on even the fastest classical computers. A quantum computer consists of interconnected two level quantum systems, called qubits, that satisfy DiVincezo’s criteria. Worldwide, there are ongoing efforts to find the qubit architecture which will unite quantum error correction compatible single and two qubit fidelities, long distance qubit to qubit coupling and \r\n calability. Superconducting qubits have gone the furthest in this race, demonstrating an algorithm running on 53 coupled qubits, but still the fidelities are not even close to those required for realizing a single logical qubit. emiconductor qubits offer extremely good characteristics, but they are currently investigated across different platforms. Uniting those good characteristics into a single platform might be a big step towards the quantum computer realization.\r\nHere we describe the implementation of a hole spin qubit hosted in a Ge hut wire double quantum dot. The high and tunable spin-orbit coupling together with a heavy hole state character is expected to allow fast spin manipulation and long coherence times. Furthermore large lever arms, for hut wire devices, should allow good coupling to superconducting resonators enabling efficient long distance spin to spin coupling and a sensitive gate reflectometry spin readout. The developed cryogenic setup (printed circuit board sample holders, filtering, high-frequency wiring) enabled us to perform low temperature spin dynamics experiments. Indeed, we measured the fastest single spin qubit Rabi frequencies reported so far, reaching 140 MHz, while the dephasing times of 130 ns oppose the long decoherence predictions. In order to further investigate this, a double quantum dot gate was connected directly to a lumped element\r\nresonator which enabled gate reflectometry readout. The vanishing inter-dot transition signal, for increasing external magnetic field, revealed the spin nature of the measured quantity."}],"type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"file":[{"file_size":392794743,"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","creator":"dernst","access_level":"closed","file_name":"JK_thesis_latex_source_files.zip","checksum":"467e52feb3e361ce8cf5fe8d5c254ece","date_created":"2020-06-22T09:22:04Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:07Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"7997"},{"checksum":"1de716bf110dbd77d383e479232bf496","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:07Z","date_created":"2020-06-22T09:21:29Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"7998","file_size":28453247,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"PhD_thesis_JK_pdfa.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"7996","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","title":"Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing","status":"public","ddc":["530"],"day":"22","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Kukucka, Josip. “Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and Dispersive Spin Sensing.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996.","mla":"Kukucka, Josip. Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and Dispersive Spin Sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996.","short":"J. Kukucka, Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and Dispersive Spin Sensing, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.","ista":"Kukucka J. 2020. Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"J. Kukucka, “Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.","apa":"Kukucka, J. (2020). Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996","ama":"Kukucka J. Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996"},"page":"178","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:07Z","author":[{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"1328"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"7541"},{"id":"77","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"23"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"840"}]},"date_created":"2020-06-22T09:22:23Z","date_updated":"2023-09-26T15:50:22Z","year":"2020","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"06","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996","degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1},{"type":"journal_article","issue":"16","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon."}],"intvolume":" 32","title":"Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling","status":"public","ddc":["530"],"_id":"7541","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_size":5242880,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf","success":1,"checksum":"c622737dc295972065782558337124a2","date_created":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","file_id":"8782","relation":"main_file"}],"scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","day":"23","article_type":"original","citation":{"ama":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. 2020;32(16). doi:10.1002/adma.201906523","ista":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.","apa":"Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., … Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523","ieee":"F. Gao et al., “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling,” Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley, 2020.","mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523, Wiley, 2020, doi:10.1002/adma.201906523.","short":"F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang, Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros, J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).","chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” Advanced Materials. Wiley, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523."},"publication":"Advanced Materials","date_published":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","article_number":"1906523","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010, and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000), the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding from Xi'an Jiaotong University.","year":"2020","volume":32,"date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:42:12Z","date_created":"2020-02-28T09:47:00Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"7996"},{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"9222"}]},"author":[{"last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei","full_name":"Gao, Fei"},{"full_name":"Wang, Jian-Huan","first_name":"Jian-Huan","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Watzinger","first_name":"Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes"},{"full_name":"Hu, Hao","first_name":"Hao","last_name":"Hu"},{"full_name":"Rančić, Marko J.","first_name":"Marko J.","last_name":"Rančić"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jie-Yin","first_name":"Jie-Yin","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting"},{"full_name":"Yao, Yuan","first_name":"Yuan","last_name":"Yao"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Gui-Lei","full_name":"Wang, Gui-Lei"},{"last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukušić"},{"full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Kloeffel"},{"last_name":"Loss","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Loss, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Feng","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Feng"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648"]},"month":"04","project":[{"_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"grant_number":"P32235","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000516660900001"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"doi":"10.1002/adma.201906523"},{"ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge G. Burkard, V. N. Golovach, C. Kloeffel, D.Loss, P. Rabl, and M. Rancič ́ for helpful discussions. We\r\nfurther acknowledge T. Adletzberger, J. Aguilera, T. Asenov, S. Bagiante, T. Menner, L. Shafeek, P. Taus, P. Traunmüller, and D. Waldhausl for their invaluable assistance. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, by the FWF-P 32235 project, by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0301701, 2016YFA0300600), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862046. All data of this publication are available at 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689.","year":"2020","publisher":"American Chemical Society","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7689","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukušić","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada"},{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei","full_name":"Gao, Fei"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4619-9575","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting"},{"first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun"},{"first_name":"Karsten","last_name":"Held","full_name":"Held, Karsten"}],"volume":20,"date_created":"2020-08-06T09:25:04Z","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:44:01Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1530-6984"],"eissn":["1530-6992"]},"month":"06","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"pmid":["32479090"],"isi":["000548893200066"]},"oa":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"P32235","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"},{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"7","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Using inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy we observe a zero field splitting within the spin triplet manifold of Ge hut wire quantum dots. The states with spin ±1 in the confinement direction are energetically favored by up to 55 μeV compared to the spin 0 triplet state because of the strong spin–orbit coupling. The reported effect should be observable in a broad class of strongly confined hole quantum-dot systems and might need to be considered when operating hole spin qubits."}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"8203","intvolume":" 20","ddc":["530"],"title":"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots","status":"public","file":[{"date_created":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"8204","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3308906,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2020_NanoLetters_Katsaros.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","day":"01","citation":{"ista":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Watzinger H, Gao F, Wang T, Zhang J-J, Held K. 2020. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters. 20(7), 5201–5206.","apa":"Katsaros, G., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Watzinger, H., Gao, F., Wang, T., … Held, K. (2020). Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466","ieee":"G. Katsaros et al., “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots,” Nano Letters, vol. 20, no. 7. American Chemical Society, pp. 5201–5206, 2020.","ama":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters. 2020;20(7):5201-5206. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466","chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Hannes Watzinger, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, and Karsten Held. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466.","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” Nano Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 5201–06, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466.","short":"G. Katsaros, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, H. Watzinger, F. Gao, T. Wang, J.-J. Zhang, K. Held, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 5201–5206."},"publication":"Nano Letters","page":"5201-5206","article_type":"original","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"},{"article_type":"original","publication":"Nature Communications","citation":{"mla":"Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 3902, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4.","short":"H. Watzinger, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, F. Gao, T. Wang, F. Schäffler, J. Zhang, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 9 (2018).","chicago":"Watzinger, Hannes, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Friedrich Schäffler, Jian Zhang, and Georgios Katsaros. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4.","ama":"Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. A germanium hole spin qubit. Nature Communications. 2018;9(3902). doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4","ista":"Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Gao F, Wang T, Schäffler F, Zhang J, Katsaros G. 2018. A germanium hole spin qubit. Nature Communications. 9(3902).","apa":"Watzinger, H., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Gao, F., Wang, T., Schäffler, F., … Katsaros, G. (2018). A germanium hole spin qubit. Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4","ieee":"H. Watzinger et al., “A germanium hole spin qubit,” Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 3902. Nature Publishing Group, 2018."},"date_published":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"25","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","title":"A germanium hole spin qubit","ddc":["530"],"status":"public","intvolume":" 9","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"77","file":[{"date_created":"2018-12-17T10:28:30Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","checksum":"e7148c10a64497e279c4de570b6cc544","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5687","file_size":1063469,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2018_NatureComm_Watzinger.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Holes confined in quantum dots have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to their potential as spin qubits. Here we demonstrate two-axis control of a spin 3/2 qubit in natural Ge. The qubit is formed in a hut wire double quantum dot device. The Pauli spin blockade principle allowed us to demonstrate electric dipole spin resonance by applying a radio frequency electric field to one of the electrodes defining the double quantum dot. Coherent hole spin oscillations with Rabi frequencies reaching 140 MHz are demonstrated and dephasing times of 130 ns are measured. The reported results emphasize the potential of Ge as a platform for fast and electrically tunable hole spin qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"3902 ","quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"335497","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires"},{"_id":"2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Y00715","name":"Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000445560800010"]},"oa":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4","month":"09","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","year":"2018","date_updated":"2023-09-08T11:44:02Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:30Z","volume":9,"author":[{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","first_name":"Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip"},{"full_name":"Vukusic, Lada","last_name":"Vukusic","first_name":"Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Gao, Fei","first_name":"Fei","last_name":"Gao"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting"},{"first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Schäffler","full_name":"Schäffler, Friedrich"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jian","full_name":"Zhang, Jian"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","id":"7977"},{"id":"7996","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","ec_funded":1},{"_id":"23","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","ddc":["530"],"title":"Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge","intvolume":" 18","pubrep_id":"1065","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:16:08Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:37Z","checksum":"3e6034a94c6b5335e939145d88bdb371","file_id":"5194","relation":"main_file","creator":"system","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1361441,"file_name":"IST-2018-1065-v1+1_ACS_nanoletters_8b03217.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The strong atomistic spin–orbit coupling of holes makes single-shot spin readout measurements difficult because it reduces the spin lifetimes. By integrating the charge sensor into a high bandwidth radio frequency reflectometry setup, we were able to demonstrate single-shot readout of a germanium quantum dot hole spin and measure the spin lifetime. Hole spin relaxation times of about 90 μs at 500 mT are reported, with a total readout visibility of about 70%. By analyzing separately the spin-to-charge conversion and charge readout fidelities, we have obtained insight into the processes limiting the visibilities of hole spins. The analyses suggest that high hole visibilities are feasible at realistic experimental conditions, underlying the potential of hole spins for the realization of viable qubit devices."}],"issue":"11","publication":"Nano Letters","citation":{"ama":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. 2018;18(11):7141-7145. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","ieee":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J. M. Milem, F. Schäffler, and G. Katsaros, “Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge,” Nano Letters, vol. 18, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 7141–7145, 2018.","apa":"Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., Milem, J. M., Schäffler, F., & Katsaros, G. (2018). Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","ista":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. 2018. Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. 18(11), 7141–7145.","short":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J.M. Milem, F. Schäffler, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 18 (2018) 7141–7145.","mla":"Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” Nano Letters, vol. 18, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2018, pp. 7141–45, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217.","chicago":"Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, Joshua M Milem, Friedrich Schäffler, and Georgios Katsaros. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217."},"page":"7141 - 7145","date_published":"2018-10-25T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"25","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2018","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","publisher":"American Chemical Society","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","last_name":"Vukušić","first_name":"Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"last_name":"Watzinger","first_name":"Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes"},{"last_name":"Milem","first_name":"Joshua M","id":"4CDE0A96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Milem, Joshua M"},{"first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Schäffler","full_name":"Schäffler, Friedrich"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7977","relation":"popular_science"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"69"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996"}]},"date_updated":"2023-09-18T09:30:37Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:13Z","volume":18,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:37Z","publist_id":"8032","ec_funded":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["30359041"],"isi":["000451102100064"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"335497"}],"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]}},{"day":"10","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","page":"5706 - 5710","publication":"Nano Letters","citation":{"ama":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. 2017;17(9):5706-5710. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","apa":"Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., & Katsaros, G. (2017). Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","ieee":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, and G. Katsaros, “Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry,” Nano Letters, vol. 17, no. 9. American Chemical Society, pp. 5706–5710, 2017.","ista":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. 2017. Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. 17(9), 5706–5710.","short":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 17 (2017) 5706–5710.","mla":"Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” Nano Letters, vol. 17, no. 9, American Chemical Society, 2017, pp. 5706–10, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627.","chicago":"Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, and Georgios Katsaros. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627."},"abstract":[{"text":"Heavy holes confined in quantum dots are predicted to be promising candidates for the realization of spin qubits with long coherence times. Here we focus on such heavy-hole states confined in germanium hut wires. By tuning the growth density of the latter we can realize a T-like structure between two neighboring wires. Such a structure allows the realization of a charge sensor, which is electrostatically and tunnel coupled to a quantum dot, with charge-transfer signals as high as 0.3 e. By integrating the T-like structure into a radiofrequency reflectometry setup, single-shot measurements allowing the extraction of hole tunneling times are performed. The extracted tunneling times of less than 10 μs are attributed to the small effective mass of Ge heavy-hole states and pave the way toward projective spin readout measurements.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"9","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_id":"4951","relation":"main_file","checksum":"761371a0129b2aa442424b9561450ece","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:12:33Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:13Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2017-865-v1+1_acs.nanolett.7b02627.pdf","creator":"system","file_size":2449546,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"pubrep_id":"865","title":"Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry","status":"public","ddc":["539"],"intvolume":" 17","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"840","month":"08","publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000411043500078"]},"oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:13Z","ec_funded":1,"publist_id":"6808","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:47Z","date_updated":"2023-09-26T15:50:22Z","volume":17,"author":[{"last_name":"Vukusic","first_name":"Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vukusic, Lada"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7977","relation":"popular_science"},{"id":"69","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"id":"7996","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"publication_status":"published","publisher":"American Chemical Society","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"year":"2017"},{"type":"journal_article","issue":"11","abstract":[{"text":"Hole spins have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to their potential for fast electrically controlled qubits. Here, we study holes confined in Ge hut wires, a so-far unexplored type of nanostructure. Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements reveal a large anisotropy between the in-plane and out-of-plane g-factors of up to 18. Numerical simulations verify that this large anisotropy originates from a confined wave function of heavy-hole character. A light-hole admixture of less than 1% is estimated for the states of lowest energy, leading to a surprisingly large reduction of the out-of-plane g-factors compared with those for pure heavy holes. Given this tiny light-hole contribution, the spin lifetimes are expected to be very long, even in isotopically nonpurified samples.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"1328","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","intvolume":" 16","status":"public","title":"Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires","ddc":["539"],"pubrep_id":"664","file":[{"file_size":535121,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"system","file_name":"IST-2016-664-v1+1_acs.nanolett.6b02715.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:04Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:44Z","checksum":"b63feece90d7b620ece49ca632e34ff3","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5053"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"22","citation":{"mla":"Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “Heavy-Hole States in Germanium Hut Wires.” Nano Letters, vol. 16, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2016, pp. 6879–85, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715.","short":"H. Watzinger, C. Kloeffel, L. Vukušić, M. Rossell, V. Sessi, J. Kukucka, R. Kirchschlager, E. Lausecker, A. Truhlar, M. Glaser, A. Rastelli, A. Fuhrer, D. Loss, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 16 (2016) 6879–6885.","chicago":"Watzinger, Hannes, Christoph Kloeffel, Lada Vukušić, Marta Rossell, Violetta Sessi, Josip Kukucka, Raimund Kirchschlager, et al. “Heavy-Hole States in Germanium Hut Wires.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715.","ama":"Watzinger H, Kloeffel C, Vukušić L, et al. Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. Nano Letters. 2016;16(11):6879-6885. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715","ista":"Watzinger H, Kloeffel C, Vukušić L, Rossell M, Sessi V, Kukucka J, Kirchschlager R, Lausecker E, Truhlar A, Glaser M, Rastelli A, Fuhrer A, Loss D, Katsaros G. 2016. Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. Nano Letters. 16(11), 6879–6885.","ieee":"H. Watzinger et al., “Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires,” Nano Letters, vol. 16, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 6879–6885, 2016.","apa":"Watzinger, H., Kloeffel, C., Vukušić, L., Rossell, M., Sessi, V., Kukucka, J., … Katsaros, G. (2016). Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715"},"publication":"Nano Letters","page":"6879 - 6885","date_published":"2016-09-22T00:00:00Z","publist_id":"5941","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:44Z","year":"2016","acknowledgement":"The work was supported by the EC FP7 ICT project SiSPIN no. 323841, the EC FP7 ICT project PAMS no. 610446, the ERC Starting Grant no. 335497, the FWF-I-1190-N20 project, and the Swiss NSF. We acknowledge F. Schäffler for fruitful discussions related to the hut wire growth and for giving us access to the molecular beam epitaxy system, M. Schatzl for her support in electron beam lithography, and V. Jadris ̌ko for helping us with the COMSOL simulations. Finally, we thank G. Bauer for his continuous support. ","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publisher":"American Chemical Society","publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","status":"for_moderation","id":"7977"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996"}]},"author":[{"id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes"},{"full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Kloeffel"},{"id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukusic","full_name":"Vukusic, Lada"},{"full_name":"Rossell, Marta","last_name":"Rossell","first_name":"Marta"},{"full_name":"Sessi, Violetta","last_name":"Sessi","first_name":"Violetta"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Kirchschlager, Raimund","last_name":"Kirchschlager","first_name":"Raimund"},{"full_name":"Lausecker, Elisabeth","first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Lausecker","id":"33662F76-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Truhlar, Alisha","id":"49CBC780-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Truhlar","first_name":"Alisha"},{"full_name":"Glaser, Martin","last_name":"Glaser","first_name":"Martin"},{"last_name":"Rastelli","first_name":"Armando","full_name":"Rastelli, Armando"},{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Fuhrer","full_name":"Fuhrer, Andreas"},{"full_name":"Loss, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Loss"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"volume":16,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:24Z","date_updated":"2023-09-07T13:15:02Z","month":"09","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"project":[{"grant_number":"335497","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]