[{"abstract":[{"text":"Infections early in life can have enduring effects on an organism's development and immunity. In this study, we show that this equally applies to developing ‘superorganisms’––incipient social insect colonies. When we exposed newly mated Lasius niger ant queens to a low pathogen dose, their colonies grew more slowly than controls before winter, but reached similar sizes afterwards. Independent of exposure, queen hibernation survival improved when the ratio of pupae to workers was small. Queens that reared fewer pupae before worker emergence exhibited lower pathogen levels, indicating that high brood rearing efforts interfere with the ability of the queen's immune system to suppress pathogen proliferation. Early-life queen pathogen exposure also improved the immunocompetence of her worker offspring, as demonstrated by challenging the workers to the same pathogen a year later. Transgenerational transfer of the queen's pathogen experience to her workforce can hence durably reduce the disease susceptibility of the whole superorganism.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_size":700087,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_EcologyLetters_CasillasPerez.pdf","checksum":"0bd4210400e9876609b7c538ab4f9a3c","success":1,"date_updated":"2022-02-03T13:37:11Z","date_created":"2022-02-03T13:37:11Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"10721"}],"title":"Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies","status":"public","ddc":["573"],"intvolume":" 25","_id":"10284","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","page":"89-100","publication":"Ecology Letters","citation":{"ama":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. Ecology Letters. 2022;25(1):89-100. doi:10.1111/ele.13907","ista":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. 2022. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. Ecology Letters. 25(1), 89–100.","ieee":"B. E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, and S. Cremer, “Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies,” Ecology Letters, vol. 25, no. 1. Wiley, pp. 89–100, 2022.","apa":"Casillas Perez, B. E., Pull, C., Naiser, F., Naderlinger, E., Matas, J., & Cremer, S. (2022). Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. Ecology Letters. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907","mla":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E., et al. “Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies.” Ecology Letters, vol. 25, no. 1, Wiley, 2022, pp. 89–100, doi:10.1111/ele.13907.","short":"B.E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, S. Cremer, Ecology Letters 25 (2022) 89–100.","chicago":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E, Christopher Pull, Filip Naiser, Elisabeth Naderlinger, Jiri Matas, and Sylvia Cremer. “Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies.” Ecology Letters. Wiley, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13907."},"file_date_updated":"2022-02-03T13:37:11Z","ec_funded":1,"date_created":"2021-11-14T23:01:25Z","date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:45:29Z","volume":25,"author":[{"full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E","id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Barbara E","last_name":"Casillas Perez"},{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull"},{"last_name":"Naiser","first_name":"Filip","full_name":"Naiser, Filip"},{"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Naderlinger","id":"31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth"},{"first_name":"Jiri","last_name":"Matas","full_name":"Matas, Jiri"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13061","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Wiley","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to G. Tkačik and V. Mireles for advice on data analyses and to A. Schloegl for help using the IST Austria HPC cluster for data processing. The authors thank J. Eilenberg for providing the fungal strain and A.V. Grasse for support with the molecular analysis. The authors also thank the Social Immunity group at IST Austria, in particular B. Milutinović, for discussions throughout and comments on the manuscript.","year":"2022","pmid":1,"month":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1461-023X"],"eissn":["1461-0248"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1111/ele.13907","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"771402","name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"pmid":["34725912"],"isi":["000713396100001"]},"oa":1},{"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"29","month":"10","tmp":{"short":"CC0 (1.0)","image":"/images/cc_0.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)"},"citation":{"ama":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. 2021. doi:10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ","ista":"Casillas Perez BE, Pull C, Naiser F, Naderlinger E, Matas J, Cremer S. 2021. Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies, Dryad, 10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ.","apa":"Casillas Perez, B. E., Pull, C., Naiser, F., Naderlinger, E., Matas, J., & Cremer, S. (2021). Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ","ieee":"B. E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, and S. Cremer, “Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies.” Dryad, 2021.","mla":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E., et al. Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies. Dryad, 2021, doi:10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ.","short":"B.E. Casillas Perez, C. Pull, F. Naiser, E. Naderlinger, J. Matas, S. Cremer, (2021).","chicago":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E, Christopher Pull, Filip Naiser, Elisabeth Naderlinger, Jiri Matas, and Sylvia Cremer. “Early Queen Infection Shapes Developmental Dynamics and Induces Long-Term Disease Protection in Incipient Ant Colonies.” Dryad, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ."},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvdtj","open_access":"1"}],"project":[{"name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"771402"}],"date_published":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.5061/DRYAD.7PVMCVDTJ","type":"research_data_reference","ec_funded":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Infections early in life can have enduring effects on an organism’s development and immunity. In this study, we show that this equally applies to developing “superorganisms” – incipient social insect colonies. When we exposed newly mated Lasius niger ant queens to a low pathogen dose, their colonies grew more slowly than controls before winter, but reached similar sizes afterwards. Independent of exposure, queen hibernation survival improved when the ratio of pupae to workers was small. Queens that reared fewer pupae before worker emergence exhibited lower pathogen levels, indicating that high brood rearing efforts interfere with the ability of the queen’s immune system to suppress pathogen proliferation. Early-life queen pathogen-exposure also improved the immunocompetence of her worker offspring, as demonstrated by challenging the workers to the same pathogen a year later. Transgenerational transfer of the queen’s pathogen experience to her workforce can hence durably reduce the disease susceptibility of the whole superorganism."}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","year":"2021","_id":"13061","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Dryad","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","title":"Early queen infection shapes developmental dynamics and induces long-term disease protection in incipient ant colonies","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10284","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"first_name":"Barbara E","last_name":"Casillas Perez","id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E"},{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982"},{"first_name":"Filip","last_name":"Naiser","full_name":"Naiser, Filip"},{"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Naderlinger","full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth"},{"full_name":"Matas, Jiri","last_name":"Matas","first_name":"Jiri"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2023-05-23T16:14:35Z","date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:45:28Z"},{"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:20Z","date_updated":"2023-09-08T13:22:21Z","volume":115,"author":[{"full_name":"Konrad, Matthias","last_name":"Konrad","first_name":"Matthias","id":"46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","full_name":"Pull, Christopher"},{"full_name":"Metzler, Sina","id":"48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-9547-2494","first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Metzler"},{"id":"90F7894A-02CF-11E9-976E-E38CFE5CBC1D","last_name":"Seif","first_name":"Katharina","full_name":"Seif, Katharina"},{"id":"31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Naderlinger","full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth"},{"full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Grasse","first_name":"Anna V"},{"last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/helping-in-spite-of-risk-ants-perform-risk-averse-sanitary-care-of-infectious-nest-mates/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}]},"publication_status":"published","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"year":"2018","pmid":1,"ec_funded":1,"publist_id":"7416","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1713501115","quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"243071","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["29463746"],"isi":["000427245400069"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29463746"}],"month":"03","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care","status":"public","intvolume":" 115","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"413","abstract":[{"text":"Being cared for when sick is a benefit of sociality that can reduce disease and improve survival of group members. However, individuals providing care risk contracting infectious diseases themselves. If they contract a low pathogen dose, they may develop low-level infections that do not cause disease but still affect host immunity by either decreasing or increasing the host’s vulnerability to subsequent infections. Caring for contagious individuals can thus significantly alter the future disease susceptibility of caregivers. Using ants and their fungal pathogens as a model system, we tested if the altered disease susceptibility of experienced caregivers, in turn, affects their expression of sanitary care behavior. We found that low-level infections contracted during sanitary care had protective or neutral effects on secondary exposure to the same (homologous) pathogen but consistently caused high mortality on superinfection with a different (heterologous) pathogen. In response to this risk, the ants selectively adjusted the expression of their sanitary care. Specifically, the ants performed less grooming and more antimicrobial disinfection when caring for nestmates contaminated with heterologous pathogens compared with homologous ones. By modulating the components of sanitary care in this way the ants acquired less infectious particles of the heterologous pathogens, resulting in reduced superinfection. The performance of risk-adjusted sanitary care reveals the remarkable capacity of ants to react to changes in their disease susceptibility, according to their own infection history and to flexibly adjust collective care to individual risk.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"11","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","page":"2782 - 2787","publication":"PNAS","citation":{"apa":"Konrad, M., Pull, C., Metzler, S., Seif, K., Naderlinger, E., Grasse, A. V., & Cremer, S. (2018). Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713501115","ieee":"M. Konrad et al., “Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care,” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 11. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 2782–2787, 2018.","ista":"Konrad M, Pull C, Metzler S, Seif K, Naderlinger E, Grasse AV, Cremer S. 2018. Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care. PNAS. 115(11), 2782–2787.","ama":"Konrad M, Pull C, Metzler S, et al. Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care. PNAS. 2018;115(11):2782-2787. doi:10.1073/pnas.1713501115","chicago":"Konrad, Matthias, Christopher Pull, Sina Metzler, Katharina Seif, Elisabeth Naderlinger, Anna V Grasse, and Sylvia Cremer. “Ants Avoid Superinfections by Performing Risk-Adjusted Sanitary Care.” PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713501115.","short":"M. Konrad, C. Pull, S. Metzler, K. Seif, E. Naderlinger, A.V. Grasse, S. Cremer, PNAS 115 (2018) 2782–2787.","mla":"Konrad, Matthias, et al. “Ants Avoid Superinfections by Performing Risk-Adjusted Sanitary Care.” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 11, National Academy of Sciences, 2018, pp. 2782–87, doi:10.1073/pnas.1713501115."},"day":"13","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1"},{"year":"2018","publication_status":"published","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","last_name":"Pull","first_name":"Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ugelvig","first_name":"Line V","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V"},{"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Wiesenhofer","id":"39523C54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wiesenhofer, Florian"},{"first_name":"Anna V","last_name":"Grasse","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V"},{"id":"35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Tragust","first_name":"Simon","full_name":"Tragust, Simon"},{"full_name":"Schmitt, Thomas","last_name":"Schmitt","first_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Brown, Mark","first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Brown"},{"last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"819","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"date_updated":"2023-09-11T12:54:26Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:31Z","volume":7,"article_number":"e32073","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:20Z","publist_id":"7188","ec_funded":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000419601300001"]},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"243071","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Pathogen Detectors Collective disease defence and pathogen detection abilities in ant societies: a chemo-neuro-immunological approach","grant_number":"302004","_id":"25DDF0F0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"doi":"10.7554/eLife.32073","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"616","title":"Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies","ddc":["570","590"],"status":"public","intvolume":" 7","pubrep_id":"978","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2018-978-v1+1_elife-32073-v1.pdf","creator":"system","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1435585,"file_id":"4832","relation":"main_file","checksum":"540f941e8d3530a9441e4affd94f07d7","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:10:43Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:20Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Social insects protect their colonies from infectious disease through collective defences that result in social immunity. In ants, workers first try to prevent infection of colony members. Here, we show that if this fails and a pathogen establishes an infection, ants employ an efficient multicomponent behaviour − "destructive disinfection" − to prevent further spread of disease through the colony. Ants specifically target infected pupae during the pathogen's non-contagious incubation period, relying on chemical 'sickness cues' emitted by pupae. They then remove the pupal cocoon, perforate its cuticle and administer antimicrobial poison, which enters the body and prevents pathogen replication from the inside out. Like the immune system of a body that specifically targets and eliminates infected cells, this social immunity measure sacrifices infected brood to stop the pathogen completing its lifecycle, thus protecting the rest of the colony. Hence, the same principles of disease defence apply at different levels of biological organisation.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"eLife","citation":{"ista":"Pull C, Ugelvig LV, Wiesenhofer F, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Schmitt T, Brown M, Cremer S. 2018. Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. eLife. 7, e32073.","ieee":"C. Pull et al., “Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies,” eLife, vol. 7. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018.","apa":"Pull, C., Ugelvig, L. V., Wiesenhofer, F., Grasse, A. V., Tragust, S., Schmitt, T., … Cremer, S. (2018). Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32073","ama":"Pull C, Ugelvig LV, Wiesenhofer F, et al. Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. eLife. 2018;7. doi:10.7554/eLife.32073","chicago":"Pull, Christopher, Line V Ugelvig, Florian Wiesenhofer, Anna V Grasse, Simon Tragust, Thomas Schmitt, Mark Brown, and Sylvia Cremer. “Destructive Disinfection of Infected Brood Prevents Systemic Disease Spread in Ant Colonies.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32073.","mla":"Pull, Christopher, et al. “Destructive Disinfection of Infected Brood Prevents Systemic Disease Spread in Ant Colonies.” ELife, vol. 7, e32073, eLife Sciences Publications, 2018, doi:10.7554/eLife.32073.","short":"C. Pull, L.V. Ugelvig, F. Wiesenhofer, A.V. Grasse, S. Tragust, T. Schmitt, M. Brown, S. Cremer, ELife 7 (2018)."},"date_published":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"09","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063","quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000446693400008"]},"month":"10","volume":28,"date_updated":"2023-09-15T12:06:46Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:23Z","author":[{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","full_name":"Pull, Christopher"},{"full_name":"Metzler, Sina","id":"48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-9547-2494","first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Metzler"},{"full_name":"Naderlinger, Elisabeth","id":"31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Naderlinger","first_name":"Elisabeth"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Cell Press","publication_status":"published","year":"2018","publist_id":"7999","date_published":"2018-10-08T00:00:00Z","page":"R1139 - R1140","article_type":"original","citation":{"ama":"Pull C, Metzler S, Naderlinger E, Cremer S. Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants. Current Biology. 2018;28(19):R1139-R1140. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063","ista":"Pull C, Metzler S, Naderlinger E, Cremer S. 2018. Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants. Current Biology. 28(19), R1139–R1140.","apa":"Pull, C., Metzler, S., Naderlinger, E., & Cremer, S. (2018). Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants. Current Biology. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063","ieee":"C. Pull, S. Metzler, E. Naderlinger, and S. Cremer, “Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants,” Current Biology, vol. 28, no. 19. Cell Press, pp. R1139–R1140, 2018.","mla":"Pull, Christopher, et al. “Protection against the Lethal Side Effects of Social Immunity in Ants.” Current Biology, vol. 28, no. 19, Cell Press, 2018, pp. R1139–40, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063.","short":"C. Pull, S. Metzler, E. Naderlinger, S. Cremer, Current Biology 28 (2018) R1139–R1140.","chicago":"Pull, Christopher, Sina Metzler, Elisabeth Naderlinger, and Sylvia Cremer. “Protection against the Lethal Side Effects of Social Immunity in Ants.” Current Biology. Cell Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063."},"publication":"Current Biology","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"08","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","intvolume":" 28","status":"public","title":"Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"55","issue":"19","abstract":[{"text":"Many animals use antimicrobials to prevent or cure disease [1,2]. For example, some animals will ingest plants with medicinal properties, both prophylactically to prevent infection and therapeutically to self-medicate when sick. Antimicrobial substances are also used as topical disinfectants, to prevent infection, protect offspring and to sanitise their surroundings [1,2]. Social insects (ants, bees, wasps and termites) build nests in environments with a high abundance and diversity of pathogenic microorganisms — such as soil and rotting wood — and colonies are often densely crowded, creating conditions that favour disease outbreaks. Consequently, social insects have evolved collective disease defences to protect their colonies from epidemics. These traits can be seen as functionally analogous to the immune system of individual organisms [3,4]. This ‘social immunity’ utilises antimicrobials to prevent and eradicate infections, and to keep the brood and nest clean. However, these antimicrobial compounds can be harmful to the insects themselves, and it is unknown how colonies prevent collateral damage when using them. Here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial acids, produced by workers to disinfect the colony, are harmful to the delicate pupal brood stage, but that the pupae are protected from the acids by the presence of a silk cocoon. Garden ants spray their nests with an antimicrobial poison to sanitize contaminated nestmates and brood. Here, Pull et al show that they also prophylactically sanitise their colonies, and that the silk cocoon serves as a barrier to protect developing pupae, thus preventing collateral damage during nest sanitation.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article"},{"publisher":"Annual Reviews","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2018","volume":63,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:36Z","date_updated":"2023-09-19T09:29:45Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"819","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"},{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Pull","first_name":"Christopher"},{"full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","last_name":"Fürst","first_name":"Matthias","orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publist_id":"6844","quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000424633700008"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043110","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1545-4487"]},"month":"01","intvolume":" 63","status":"public","title":"Social immunity: Emergence and evolution of colony-level disease protection","_id":"806","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Social insect colonies have evolved many collectively performed adaptations that reduce the impact of infectious disease and that are expected to maximize their fitness. This colony-level protection is termed social immunity, and it enhances the health and survival of the colony. In this review, we address how social immunity emerges from its mechanistic components to produce colony-level disease avoidance, resistance, and tolerance. To understand the evolutionary causes and consequences of social immunity, we highlight the need for studies that evaluate the effects of social immunity on colony fitness. We discuss the role that host life history and ecology have on predicted eco-evolutionary dynamics, which differ among the social insect lineages. Throughout the review, we highlight current gaps in our knowledge and promising avenues for future research, which we hope will bring us closer to an integrated understanding of socio-eco-evo-immunology."}],"page":"105 - 123","citation":{"short":"S. Cremer, C. Pull, M. Fürst, Annual Review of Entomology 63 (2018) 105–123.","mla":"Cremer, Sylvia, et al. “Social Immunity: Emergence and Evolution of Colony-Level Disease Protection.” Annual Review of Entomology, vol. 63, Annual Reviews, 2018, pp. 105–23, doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043110.","chicago":"Cremer, Sylvia, Christopher Pull, and Matthias Fürst. “Social Immunity: Emergence and Evolution of Colony-Level Disease Protection.” Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Reviews, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043110.","ama":"Cremer S, Pull C, Fürst M. Social immunity: Emergence and evolution of colony-level disease protection. Annual Review of Entomology. 2018;63:105-123. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043110","ieee":"S. Cremer, C. Pull, and M. Fürst, “Social immunity: Emergence and evolution of colony-level disease protection,” Annual Review of Entomology, vol. 63. Annual Reviews, pp. 105–123, 2018.","apa":"Cremer, S., Pull, C., & Fürst, M. (2018). Social immunity: Emergence and evolution of colony-level disease protection. Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043110","ista":"Cremer S, Pull C, Fürst M. 2018. Social immunity: Emergence and evolution of colony-level disease protection. Annual Review of Entomology. 63, 105–123."},"publication":"Annual Review of Entomology","date_published":"2018-01-07T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"07"},{"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","citation":{"short":"P. Kennedy, G. Baron, B. Qiu, D. Freitak, H. Helantera, E. Hunt, F. Manfredini, T. O’Shea Wheller, S. Patalano, C. Pull, T. Sasaki, D. Taylor, C. Wyatt, S. Sumner, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 32 (2017) 861–872.","mla":"Kennedy, Patrick, et al. “Deconstructing Superorganisms and Societies to Address Big Questions in Biology.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 32, no. 11, Cell Press, 2017, pp. 861–72, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.004.","chicago":"Kennedy, Patrick, Gemma Baron, Bitao Qiu, Dalial Freitak, Heikki Helantera, Edmund Hunt, Fabio Manfredini, et al. “Deconstructing Superorganisms and Societies to Address Big Questions in Biology.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Cell Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.004.","ama":"Kennedy P, Baron G, Qiu B, et al. Deconstructing superorganisms and societies to address big questions in biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2017;32(11):861-872. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.004","ieee":"P. Kennedy et al., “Deconstructing superorganisms and societies to address big questions in biology,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 32, no. 11. Cell Press, pp. 861–872, 2017.","apa":"Kennedy, P., Baron, G., Qiu, B., Freitak, D., Helantera, H., Hunt, E., … Sumner, S. (2017). Deconstructing superorganisms and societies to address big questions in biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.004","ista":"Kennedy P, Baron G, Qiu B, Freitak D, Helantera H, Hunt E, Manfredini F, O’Shea Wheller T, Patalano S, Pull C, Sasaki T, Taylor D, Wyatt C, Sumner S. 2017. Deconstructing superorganisms and societies to address big questions in biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 32(11), 861–872."},"article_type":"original","page":"861 - 872","date_published":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Social insect societies are long-standing models for understanding social behaviour and evolution. Unlike other advanced biological societies (such as the multicellular body), the component parts of social insect societies can be easily deconstructed and manipulated. Recent methodological and theoretical innovations have exploited this trait to address an expanded range of biological questions. We illustrate the broadening range of biological insight coming from social insect biology with four examples. These new frontiers promote open-minded, interdisciplinary exploration of one of the richest and most complex of biological phenomena: sociality.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"11","_id":"734","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","ddc":["570"],"title":"Deconstructing superorganisms and societies to address big questions in biology","intvolume":" 32","oa_version":"Submitted Version","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"7842","checksum":"c8f49309ed9436201814fa7153d66a99","date_created":"2020-05-14T16:22:27Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:56Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2017_TrendsEcology_Kennedy.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":15018382,"creator":"dernst"}],"month":"11","publication_identifier":{"issn":["01695347"]},"external_id":{"isi":["000413231900011"]},"oa":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.004","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:56Z","publist_id":"6933","year":"2017","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Cell Press","author":[{"full_name":"Kennedy, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Kennedy"},{"last_name":"Baron","first_name":"Gemma","full_name":"Baron, Gemma"},{"full_name":"Qiu, Bitao","last_name":"Qiu","first_name":"Bitao"},{"last_name":"Freitak","first_name":"Dalial","full_name":"Freitak, Dalial"},{"first_name":"Heikki","last_name":"Helantera","full_name":"Helantera, Heikki"},{"first_name":"Edmund","last_name":"Hunt","full_name":"Hunt, Edmund"},{"last_name":"Manfredini","first_name":"Fabio","full_name":"Manfredini, Fabio"},{"full_name":"O'Shea Wheller, Thomas","last_name":"O'Shea Wheller","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Solenn","last_name":"Patalano","full_name":"Patalano, Solenn"},{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull"},{"full_name":"Sasaki, Takao","last_name":"Sasaki","first_name":"Takao"},{"first_name":"Daisy","last_name":"Taylor","full_name":"Taylor, Daisy"},{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Wyatt","full_name":"Wyatt, Christopher"},{"full_name":"Sumner, Seirian","first_name":"Seirian","last_name":"Sumner"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"819"}]},"date_updated":"2023-09-27T14:15:15Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:13Z","volume":32},{"status":"public","ddc":["576","577","578","579","590","592"],"title":"Disease defence in garden ants","_id":"819","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","file_size":18580400,"file_name":"2017_Thesis_Pull.docx","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2019-04-05T07:53:04Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:09Z","checksum":"4993cdd5382295758ecc3ecbd2a9aaff","file_id":"6199","relation":"source_file"},{"creator":"dernst","file_size":14400681,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2017_Thesis_Pull.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:09Z","date_created":"2019-04-05T07:53:04Z","checksum":"ee2e3ebb5b53c154c866f5b052b25153","file_id":"6200","relation":"main_file"}],"pubrep_id":"861","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation","abstract":[{"text":"Contagious diseases must transmit from infectious to susceptible hosts in order to reproduce. Whilst vectored pathogens can rely on intermediaries to find new hosts for them, many infectious pathogens require close contact or direct interaction between hosts for transmission. Hence, this means that conspecifics are often the main source of infection for most animals and so, in theory, animals should avoid conspecifics to reduce their risk of infection. Of course, in reality animals must interact with one another, as a bare minimum, to mate. However, being social provides many additional benefits and group living has become a taxonomically diverse and widespread trait. How then do social animals overcome the issue of increased disease? Over the last few decades, the social insects (ants, termites and some bees and wasps) have become a model system for studying disease in social animals. On paper, a social insect colony should be particularly susceptible to disease, given that they often contain thousands of potential hosts that are closely related and frequently interact, as well as exhibiting stable environmental conditions that encourage microbial growth. Yet, disease outbreaks appear to be rare and attempts to eradicate pest species using pathogens have failed time and again. Evolutionary biologists investigating this observation have discovered that the reduced disease susceptibility in social insects is, in part, due to collectively performed disease defences of the workers. These defences act like a “social immune system” for the colony, resulting in a per capita decrease in disease, termed social immunity. Our understanding of social immunity, and its importance in relation to the immunological defences of each insect, continues to grow, but there remain many open questions. In this thesis I have studied disease defence in garden ants. In the first data chapter, I use the invasive garden ant, Lasius neglectus, to investigate how colonies mitigate lethal infections and prevent them from spreading systemically. I find that ants have evolved ‘destructive disinfection’ – a behaviour that uses endogenously produced acidic poison to kill diseased brood and to prevent the pathogen from replicating. In the second experimental chapter, I continue to study the use of poison in invasive garden ant colonies, finding that it is sprayed prophylactically within the nest. However, this spraying has negative effects on developing pupae when they have had their cocoons artificially removed. Hence, I suggest that acidic nest sanitation may be maintaining larval cocoon spinning in this species. In the next experimental chapter, I investigated how colony founding black garden ant queens (Lasius niger) prevent disease when a co-foundress dies. I show that ant queens prophylactically perform undertaking behaviours, similar to those performed by the workers in mature nests. When a co-foundress was infected, these undertaking behaviours improved the survival of the healthy queen. In the final data chapter, I explored how immunocompetence (measured as antifungal activity) changes as incipient black garden ant colonies grow and mature, from the solitary queen phase to colonies with several hundred workers. Queen and worker antifungal activity varied throughout this time period, but despite social immunity, did not decrease as colonies matured. In addition to the above data chapters, this thesis includes two co-authored reviews. In the first, we examine the state of the art in the field of social immunity and how it might develop in the future. In the second, we identify several challenges and open questions in the study of disease defence in animals. We highlight how social insects offer a unique model to tackle some of these problems, as disease defence can be studied from the cell to the society. ","lang":"eng"}],"page":"122","citation":{"ieee":"C. Pull, “Disease defence in garden ants,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.","apa":"Pull, C. (2017). Disease defence in garden ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861","ista":"Pull C. 2017. Disease defence in garden ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Pull C. Disease defence in garden ants. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861","chicago":"Pull, Christopher. “Disease Defence in Garden Ants.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861.","short":"C. Pull, Disease Defence in Garden Ants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.","mla":"Pull, Christopher. Disease Defence in Garden Ants. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861."},"date_published":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","day":"26","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"year":"2017","acknowledgement":"ERC FP7 programme (grant agreement no. 240371)\r\nI have been supremely spoilt to work in a lab with such good resources and I must thank the wonderful Cremer group technicians, Anna, Barbara, Eva and Florian, for all of their help and keeping the lab up and running. You guys will probably be the most missed once I realise just how much work you have been saving me! For the same reason, I must say a big Dzi ę kuj ę Ci to Wonder Woman Wanda, for her tireless efforts feeding my colonies and cranking out thousands of petri dishes and sugar tubes. Again, you will be sorely missed now that I will have to take this task on myself. Of course, I will be eternally indebted to Prof. Sylvia Cremer for taking me under her wing and being a constant source of guidance and inspiration. You have given me the perfect balance of independence and supervision. I cannot thank you enough for creating such a great working environment and allowing me the freedom to follow my own research questions. I have had so many exceptional opportunities – attending and presenting at conferences all over the world, inviting me to write the ARE with you, going to workshops in Panama and Switzerland, and even organising our own PhD course – that I often think I must have had the best PhD in the world. You have taught me so much and made me a scientist. I sincerely hope we get the chance to work together again in the future. Thank you for everything. I must also thank my PhD Committee, Daria Siekhaus and Jacobus “Koos” Boomsma, for being very supportive throughout the duration of my PhD. ","date_updated":"2023-09-28T11:31:32Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:40Z","author":[{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Pull","first_name":"Christopher"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"616","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"806"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"734"},{"id":"732","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:09Z","publist_id":"6830","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia M","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia M","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_861","month":"09","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]}},{"ddc":["576","592"],"title":"Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour","status":"public","intvolume":" 17","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"732","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":949857,"creator":"system","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2017-882-v1+1_12862_2017_Article_1062.pdf","checksum":"3e24a2cfd48f49f7b3643d08d30fb480","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:17:18Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:55Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5271"}],"pubrep_id":"882","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Background: Social insects form densely crowded societies in environments with high pathogen loads, but have evolved collective defences that mitigate the impact of disease. However, colony-founding queens lack this protection and suffer high rates of mortality. The impact of pathogens may be exacerbated in species where queens found colonies together, as healthy individuals may contract pathogens from infectious co-founders. Therefore, we tested whether ant queens avoid founding colonies with pathogen-exposed conspecifics and how they might limit disease transmission from infectious individuals. Results: Using Lasius Niger queens and a naturally infecting fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum, we observed that queens were equally likely to found colonies with another pathogen-exposed or sham-treated queen. However, when one queen died, the surviving individual performed biting, burial and removal of the corpse. These undertaking behaviours were performed prophylactically, i.e. targeted equally towards non-infected and infected corpses, as well as carried out before infected corpses became infectious. Biting and burial reduced the risk of the queens contracting and dying from disease from an infectious corpse of a dead co-foundress. Conclusions: We show that co-founding ant queens express undertaking behaviours that, in mature colonies, are performed exclusively by workers. Such infection avoidance behaviours act before the queens can contract the disease and will therefore improve the overall chance of colony founding success in ant queens.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1","article_type":"original","publication":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","citation":{"short":"C. Pull, S. Cremer, BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (2017).","mla":"Pull, Christopher, and Sylvia Cremer. “Co-Founding Ant Queens Prevent Disease by Performing Prophylactic Undertaking Behaviour.” BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 17, no. 1, 219, BioMed Central, 2017, doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4.","chicago":"Pull, Christopher, and Sylvia Cremer. “Co-Founding Ant Queens Prevent Disease by Performing Prophylactic Undertaking Behaviour.” BMC Evolutionary Biology. BioMed Central, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4.","ama":"Pull C, Cremer S. Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2017;17(1). doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4","apa":"Pull, C., & Cremer, S. (2017). Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour. BMC Evolutionary Biology. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4","ieee":"C. Pull and S. Cremer, “Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour,” BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 17, no. 1. BioMed Central, 2017.","ista":"Pull C, Cremer S. 2017. Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17(1), 219."},"date_published":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"13","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"BioMed Central","year":"2017","date_updated":"2023-09-28T11:31:32Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:12Z","volume":17,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Pull","first_name":"Christopher","full_name":"Pull, Christopher"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"819"}]},"article_number":"219","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:55Z","publist_id":"6937","ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"243071"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000412816800001"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4","month":"10","publication_identifier":{"issn":["14712148"]}},{"author":[{"full_name":"Wolf, Stephan","first_name":"Stephan","last_name":"Wolf"},{"full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino","last_name":"Mcmahon","first_name":"Dino"},{"first_name":"Ka","last_name":"Lim","full_name":"Lim, Ka"},{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","full_name":"Pull, Christopher"},{"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Clark","full_name":"Clark, Suzanne"},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Paxton","full_name":"Paxton, Robert"},{"full_name":"Osborne, Juliet","first_name":"Juliet","last_name":"Osborne"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"9888"}]},"date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:11:56Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:55:37Z","volume":9,"acknowledgement":"This study was funded jointly by a grant from BBSRC, Defra, NERC, the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the Insect Pollinators Initiative (grant numbers BB/I00097/1 and BB/I000100/1). Rothamsted Research is a national institute of bioscience strategically funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).","year":"2014","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Public Library of Science","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:28Z","publist_id":"4949","article_number":"e103989","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0103989","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","month":"08","pubrep_id":"437","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_id":"5042","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:13:55Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:28Z","checksum":"2fc62c6739eada4bddf026afbae669db","file_name":"IST-2016-437-v1+1_journal.pone.0103989.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"system","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1013386}],"_id":"2086","user_id":"4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","intvolume":" 9","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Pathogens may gain a fitness advantage through manipulation of the behaviour of their hosts. Likewise, host behavioural changes can be a defence mechanism, counteracting the impact of pathogens on host fitness. We apply harmonic radar technology to characterize the impact of an emerging pathogen - Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) - on honeybee (Apis mellifera) flight and orientation performance in the field. Honeybees are the most important commercial pollinators. Emerging diseases have been proposed to play a prominent role in colony decline, partly through sub-lethal behavioural manipulation of their hosts. We found that homing success was significantly reduced in diseased (65.8%) versus healthy foragers (92.5%). Although lost bees had significantly reduced continuous flight times and prolonged resting times, other flight characteristics and navigational abilities showed no significant difference between infected and non-infected bees. Our results suggest that infected bees express normal flight characteristics but are constrained in their homing ability, potentially compromising the colony by reducing its resource inputs, but also counteracting the intra-colony spread of infection. We provide the first high-resolution analysis of sub-lethal effects of an emerging disease on insect flight behaviour. The potential causes and the implications for both host and parasite are discussed."}],"issue":"8","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2014-08-06T00:00:00Z","publication":"PLoS One","citation":{"ama":"Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, et al. So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. 2014;9(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989","ista":"Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, Pull C, Clark S, Paxton R, Osborne J. 2014. So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. 9(8), e103989.","ieee":"S. Wolf et al., “So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 8. Public Library of Science, 2014.","apa":"Wolf, S., Mcmahon, D., Lim, K., Pull, C., Clark, S., Paxton, R., & Osborne, J. (2014). So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989","mla":"Wolf, Stephan, et al. “So near and yet so Far: Harmonic Radar Reveals Reduced Homing Ability of Nosema Infected Honeybees.” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 8, e103989, Public Library of Science, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.","short":"S. Wolf, D. Mcmahon, K. Lim, C. Pull, S. Clark, R. Paxton, J. Osborne, PLoS One 9 (2014).","chicago":"Wolf, Stephan, Dino Mcmahon, Ka Lim, Christopher Pull, Suzanne Clark, Robert Paxton, and Juliet Osborne. “So near and yet so Far: Harmonic Radar Reveals Reduced Homing Ability of Nosema Infected Honeybees.” PLoS One. Public Library of Science, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989."},"day":"06","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":1},{"date_created":"2021-08-11T14:17:53Z","date_updated":"2023-02-23T10:27:38Z","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"last_name":"Wolf","first_name":"Stephan","full_name":"Wolf, Stephan"},{"last_name":"Mcmahon","first_name":"Dino","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino"},{"full_name":"Lim, Ka","first_name":"Ka","last_name":"Lim"},{"full_name":"Pull, Christopher","last_name":"Pull","first_name":"Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Clark","full_name":"Clark, Suzanne"},{"full_name":"Paxton, Robert","first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Paxton"},{"last_name":"Osborne","first_name":"Juliet","full_name":"Osborne, Juliet"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"2086","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"status":"public","title":"Supporting information","publisher":"Public Library of Science","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","_id":"9888","year":"2014","abstract":[{"text":"Detailed description of the experimental prodedures, data analyses and additional statistical analyses of the results.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"research_data_reference","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.s003","citation":{"ista":"Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, Pull C, Clark S, Paxton R, Osborne J. 2014. Supporting information, Public Library of Science, 10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.s003.","ieee":"S. Wolf et al., “Supporting information.” Public Library of Science, 2014.","apa":"Wolf, S., Mcmahon, D., Lim, K., Pull, C., Clark, S., Paxton, R., & Osborne, J. (2014). Supporting information. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.s003","ama":"Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, et al. Supporting information. 2014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.s003","chicago":"Wolf, Stephan, Dino Mcmahon, Ka Lim, Christopher Pull, Suzanne Clark, Robert Paxton, and Juliet Osborne. “Supporting Information.” Public Library of Science, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.s003.","mla":"Wolf, Stephan, et al. Supporting Information. Public Library of Science, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.s003.","short":"S. Wolf, D. Mcmahon, K. Lim, C. Pull, S. Clark, R. Paxton, J. Osborne, (2014)."},"day":"06","month":"08","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"type":"journal_article","issue":"12","publist_id":"4649","abstract":[{"text":"Pathogens exert a strong selection pressure on organisms to evolve effective immune defences. In addition to individual immunity, social organisms can act cooperatively to produce collective defences. In many ant species, queens have the option to found a colony alone or in groups with other, often unrelated, conspecifics. These associations are transient, usually lasting only as long as each queen benefits from the presence of others. In fact, once the first workers emerge, queens fight to the death for dominance. One potential advantage of co-founding may be that queens benefit from collective disease defences, such as mutual grooming, that act against common soil pathogens. We test this hypothesis by exposing single and co-founding queens to a fungal parasite, in order to assess whether queens in co-founding associations have improved survival. Surprisingly, co-foundresses exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium did not engage in cooperative disease defences, and consequently, we find no direct benefit of multiple queens on survival. However, an indirect benefit was observed, with parasite-exposed queens producing more brood when they co-founded, than when they were alone. We suggest this is due to a trade-off between reproduction and immunity. Additionally, we report an extraordinary ability of the queens to tolerate an infection for long periods after parasite exposure. Our study suggests that there are no social immunity benefits for co-founding ant queens, but that in parasite-rich environments, the presence of additional queens may nevertheless improve the chances of colony founding success.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"2283","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2013","intvolume":" 100","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Springer","status":"public","title":"Tolerating an infection: an indirect benefit of co-founding queen associations in the ant Lasius niger ","publication_status":"published","author":[{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","full_name":"Pull, Christopher"},{"first_name":"William","last_name":"Hughes","full_name":"Hughes, William"},{"full_name":"Brown, Markus","id":"3DAB9AFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Brown"}],"oa_version":"None","volume":100,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:56:45Z","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:56:31Z","scopus_import":1,"day":"14","month":"11","citation":{"chicago":"Pull, Christopher, William Hughes, and Markus Brown. “Tolerating an Infection: An Indirect Benefit of Co-Founding Queen Associations in the Ant Lasius Niger .” Naturwissenschaften. Springer, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1115-5.","short":"C. Pull, W. Hughes, M. Brown, Naturwissenschaften 100 (2013) 1125–1136.","mla":"Pull, Christopher, et al. “Tolerating an Infection: An Indirect Benefit of Co-Founding Queen Associations in the Ant Lasius Niger .” Naturwissenschaften, vol. 100, no. 12, Springer, 2013, pp. 1125–36, doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1115-5.","apa":"Pull, C., Hughes, W., & Brown, M. (2013). Tolerating an infection: an indirect benefit of co-founding queen associations in the ant Lasius niger . Naturwissenschaften. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1115-5","ieee":"C. Pull, W. Hughes, and M. Brown, “Tolerating an infection: an indirect benefit of co-founding queen associations in the ant Lasius niger ,” Naturwissenschaften, vol. 100, no. 12. Springer, pp. 1125–1136, 2013.","ista":"Pull C, Hughes W, Brown M. 2013. Tolerating an infection: an indirect benefit of co-founding queen associations in the ant Lasius niger . Naturwissenschaften. 100(12), 1125–1136.","ama":"Pull C, Hughes W, Brown M. Tolerating an infection: an indirect benefit of co-founding queen associations in the ant Lasius niger . Naturwissenschaften. 2013;100(12):1125-1136. doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1115-5"},"publication":"Naturwissenschaften","page":"1125 - 1136","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1007/s00114-013-1115-5","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]