---
_id: '12261'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Dose–response relationships are a general concept for quantitatively describing
biological systems across multiple scales, from the molecular to the whole-cell
level. A clinically relevant example is the bacterial growth response to antibiotics,
which is routinely characterized by dose–response curves. The shape of the dose–response
curve varies drastically between antibiotics and plays a key role in treatment,
drug interactions, and resistance evolution. However, the mechanisms shaping the
dose–response curve remain largely unclear. Here, we show in Escherichia coli
that the distinctively shallow dose–response curve of the antibiotic trimethoprim
is caused by a negative growth-mediated feedback loop: Trimethoprim slows growth,
which in turn weakens the effect of this antibiotic. At the molecular level, this
feedback is caused by the upregulation of the drug target dihydrofolate reductase
(FolA/DHFR). We show that this upregulation is not a specific response to trimethoprim
but follows a universal trend line that depends primarily on the growth rate,
irrespective of its cause. Rewiring the feedback loop alters the dose–response
curve in a predictable manner, which we corroborate using a mathematical model
of cellular resource allocation and growth. Our results indicate that growth-mediated
feedback loops may shape drug responses more generally and could be exploited
to design evolutionary traps that enable selection against drug resistance.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: This work was in part supported by Human Frontier Science Program
GrantRGP0042/2013, Marie Curie Career Integration Grant303507, AustrianScience Fund
(FWF) Grant P27201-B22, and German Research Foundation(DFG) Collaborative Research
Center (SFB)1310to TB. SAA was supportedby the European Union’s Horizon2020Research
and Innovation Programunder the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant agreement No707352.
We wouldlike to thank the Bollenbach group for regular fruitful discussions. We
areparticularly thankful for the technical assistance of Booshini Fernando andfor
discussions of the theoretical aspects with Gerrit Ansmann. We areindebted to Bor
Kavˇciˇc for invaluable advice, help with setting up theluciferase-based growth
monitoring system, and for sharing plasmids. Weacknowledge the IST Austria Miba
Machine Shop for their support inbuilding a housing for the stacker of the plate
reader, which enabled thehigh-throughput luciferase-based experiments. We are grateful
to RosalindAllen, Bor Kavˇciˇc and Dor Russ for feedback on the manuscript. Open
Accessfunding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
article_number: e10490
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Andreas
full_name: Angermayr, Andreas
id: 4677C796-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Angermayr
orcid: 0000-0001-8619-2223
- first_name: Tin Yau
full_name: Pang, Tin Yau
last_name: Pang
- first_name: Guillaume
full_name: Chevereau, Guillaume
last_name: Chevereau
- first_name: Karin
full_name: Mitosch, Karin
id: 39B66846-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mitosch
- first_name: Martin J
full_name: Lercher, Martin J
last_name: Lercher
- first_name: Mark Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
citation:
ama: Angermayr A, Pang TY, Chevereau G, Mitosch K, Lercher MJ, Bollenbach MT. Growth‐mediated
negative feedback shapes quantitative antibiotic response. Molecular Systems
Biology. 2022;18(9). doi:10.15252/msb.202110490
apa: Angermayr, A., Pang, T. Y., Chevereau, G., Mitosch, K., Lercher, M. J., &
Bollenbach, M. T. (2022). Growth‐mediated negative feedback shapes quantitative
antibiotic response. Molecular Systems Biology. Embo Press. https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.202110490
chicago: Angermayr, Andreas, Tin Yau Pang, Guillaume Chevereau, Karin Mitosch, Martin
J Lercher, and Mark Tobias Bollenbach. “Growth‐mediated Negative Feedback Shapes
Quantitative Antibiotic Response.” Molecular Systems Biology. Embo Press,
2022. https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.202110490.
ieee: A. Angermayr, T. Y. Pang, G. Chevereau, K. Mitosch, M. J. Lercher, and M.
T. Bollenbach, “Growth‐mediated negative feedback shapes quantitative antibiotic
response,” Molecular Systems Biology, vol. 18, no. 9. Embo Press, 2022.
ista: Angermayr A, Pang TY, Chevereau G, Mitosch K, Lercher MJ, Bollenbach MT. 2022.
Growth‐mediated negative feedback shapes quantitative antibiotic response. Molecular
Systems Biology. 18(9), e10490.
mla: Angermayr, Andreas, et al. “Growth‐mediated Negative Feedback Shapes Quantitative
Antibiotic Response.” Molecular Systems Biology, vol. 18, no. 9, e10490,
Embo Press, 2022, doi:10.15252/msb.202110490.
short: A. Angermayr, T.Y. Pang, G. Chevereau, K. Mitosch, M.J. Lercher, M.T. Bollenbach,
Molecular Systems Biology 18 (2022).
date_created: 2023-01-16T09:58:34Z
date_published: 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-04T09:51:49Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: ToBo
doi: 10.15252/msb.202110490
external_id:
isi:
- '000856482800001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8b1d8f5ea20c8408acf466435fb6ae01
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2023-01-30T09:49:55Z
date_updated: 2023-01-30T09:49:55Z
file_id: '12446'
file_name: 2022_MolecularSystemsBio_Angermayr.pdf
file_size: 1098812
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-01-30T09:49:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 18'
isi: 1
issue: '9'
keyword:
- Applied Mathematics
- Computational Theory and Mathematics
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Immunology and Microbiology
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Information Systems
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Molecular Systems Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1744-4292
publication_status: published
publisher: Embo Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Growth‐mediated negative feedback shapes quantitative antibiotic response
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 18
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '6046'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Sudden stress often triggers diverse, temporally structured gene expression
responses in microbes, but it is largely unknown how variable in time such responses
are and if genes respond in the same temporal order in every single cell. Here,
we quantified timing variability of individual promoters responding to sublethal
antibiotic stress using fluorescent reporters, microfluidics, and time‐lapse microscopy.
We identified lower and upper bounds that put definite constraints on timing variability,
which varies strongly among promoters and conditions. Timing variability can be
interpreted using results from statistical kinetics, which enable us to estimate
the number of rate‐limiting molecular steps underlying different responses. We
found that just a few critical steps control some responses while others rely
on dozens of steps. To probe connections between different stress responses, we
then tracked the temporal order and response time correlations of promoter pairs
in individual cells. Our results support that, when bacteria are exposed to the
antibiotic nitrofurantoin, the ensuing oxidative stress and SOS responses are
part of the same causal chain of molecular events. In contrast, under trimethoprim,
the acid stress response and the SOS response are part of different chains of
events running in parallel. Our approach reveals fundamental constraints on gene
expression timing and provides new insights into the molecular events that underlie
the timing of stress responses.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
article_number: e8470
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Karin
full_name: Mitosch, Karin
id: 39B66846-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mitosch
- first_name: Georg
full_name: Rieckh, Georg
id: 34DA8BD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rieckh
- first_name: Mark Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
citation:
ama: Mitosch K, Rieckh G, Bollenbach MT. Temporal order and precision of complex
stress responses in individual bacteria. Molecular systems biology. 2019;15(2).
doi:10.15252/msb.20188470
apa: Mitosch, K., Rieckh, G., & Bollenbach, M. T. (2019). Temporal order and
precision of complex stress responses in individual bacteria. Molecular Systems
Biology. Embo Press. https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.20188470
chicago: Mitosch, Karin, Georg Rieckh, and Mark Tobias Bollenbach. “Temporal Order
and Precision of Complex Stress Responses in Individual Bacteria.” Molecular
Systems Biology. Embo Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.20188470.
ieee: K. Mitosch, G. Rieckh, and M. T. Bollenbach, “Temporal order and precision
of complex stress responses in individual bacteria,” Molecular systems biology,
vol. 15, no. 2. Embo Press, 2019.
ista: Mitosch K, Rieckh G, Bollenbach MT. 2019. Temporal order and precision of
complex stress responses in individual bacteria. Molecular systems biology. 15(2),
e8470.
mla: Mitosch, Karin, et al. “Temporal Order and Precision of Complex Stress Responses
in Individual Bacteria.” Molecular Systems Biology, vol. 15, no. 2, e8470,
Embo Press, 2019, doi:10.15252/msb.20188470.
short: K. Mitosch, G. Rieckh, M.T. Bollenbach, Molecular Systems Biology 15 (2019).
date_created: 2019-02-24T22:59:18Z
date_published: 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-24T14:49:53Z
day: '14'
department:
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.15252/msb.20188470
external_id:
isi:
- '000459628300003'
pmid:
- '30765425'
intvolume: ' 15'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30765425
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25E9AF9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P27201-B22
name: Revealing the mechanisms underlying drug interactions
- _id: 25EB3A80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: RGP0042/2013
name: Revealing the fundamental limits of cell growth
publication: Molecular systems biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Embo Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Temporal order and precision of complex stress responses in individual bacteria
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 15
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '818'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Antibiotics have diverse effects on bacteria, including massive changes in
bacterial gene expression. Whereas the gene expression changes under many antibiotics
have been measured, the temporal organization of these responses and their dependence
on the bacterial growth rate are unclear. As described in Chapter 1, we quantified
the temporal gene expression changes in the bacterium Escherichia coli in response
to the sudden exposure to antibiotics using a fluorescent reporter library and
a robotic system. Our data show temporally structured gene expression responses,
with response times for individual genes ranging from tens of minutes to several
hours. We observed that many stress response genes were activated in response
to antibiotics. As certain stress responses cross-protect bacteria from other
stressors, we then asked whether cellular responses to antibiotics have a similar
protective role in Chapter 2. Indeed, we found that the trimethoprim-induced acid
stress response protects bacteria from subsequent acid stress. We combined microfluidics
with time-lapse imaging to monitor survival, intracellular pH, and acid stress
response in single cells. This approach revealed that the variable expression
of the acid resistance operon gadBC strongly correlates with single-cell survival
time. Cells with higher gadBC expression following trimethoprim maintain higher
intracellular pH and survive the acid stress longer. Overall, we provide a way
to identify single-cell cross-protection between antibiotics and environmental
stressors from temporal gene expression data, and show how antibiotics can increase
bacterial fitness in changing environments. While gene expression changes to antibiotics
show a clear temporal structure at the population-level, it is unclear whether
this clear temporal order is followed by every single cell. Using dual-reporter
strains described in Chapter 3, we measured gene expression dynamics of promoter
pairs in the same cells using microfluidics and microscopy. Chapter 4 shows that
the oxidative stress response and the DNA stress response showed little timing
variability and a clear temporal order under the antibiotic nitrofurantoin. In
contrast, the acid stress response under trimethoprim ran independently from all
other activated response programs including the DNA stress response, which showed
particularly high timing variability in this stress condition. In summary, this
approach provides insight into the temporal organization of gene expression programs
at the single-cell level and suggests dependencies between response programs and
the underlying variability-introducing mechanisms. Altogether, this work advances
our understanding of the diverse effects that antibiotics have on bacteria. These
results were obtained by taking into account gene expression dynamics, which allowed
us to identify general principles, molecular mechanisms, and dependencies between
genes. Our findings may have implications for infectious disease treatments, and
microbial communities in the human body and in nature. '
acknowledgement: 'First of all, I would like to express great gratitude to my PhD
supervisor Tobias Bollenbach. Through his open and trusting attitude I had the freedom
to explore different scientific directions during this project, and follow the research
lines of my interest. I am thankful for constructive and often extensive discussions
and his support and commitment during the different stages of my PhD. I want to
thank my committee members, Călin Guet, Terry Hwa and Nassos Typas for their interest
and their valuable input to this project. Special thanks to Nassos for career guidance,
and for accepting me in his lab. A big thank you goes to the past, present and affiliated
members of the Bollenbach group: Guillaume Chevereau, Marjon de Vos, Marta Lukačišinová,
Veronika Bierbaum, Qi Qin, Marcin Zagórski, Martin Lukačišin, Andreas Angermayr,
Bor Kavčič, Julia Tischler, Dilay Ayhan, Jaroslav Ferenc, and Georg Rieckh. I enjoyed
working and discussing with you very much and I will miss our lengthy group meetings,
our inspiring journal clubs, and our common lunches. Special thanks to Bor for great
mental and professional support during the hard months of thesis writing, and to
Marta for very creative times during the beginning of our PhDs. May the ‘Bacterial
Survival Guide’ decorate the walls of IST forever! A great thanks to my friend and
collaborator Georg Rieckh for his enthusiasm and for getting so involved in these
projects, for his endurance and for his company throughout the years. Thanks to
the FriSBi crowd at IST Austria for interesting meetings and discussions. In particular
I want to thank Magdalena Steinrück, and Anna Andersson for inspiring exchange,
and enjoyable time together. Thanks to everybody who contributed to the cover for
Cell Systems: The constructive input from Tobias Bollenbach, Bor Kavčič, Georg Rieckh,
Marta Lukačišinová, and Sebastian Nozzi, and the professional implementation by
the graphic designer Martina Markus from the University of Cologne. Thanks to all
my office mates in the first floor Bertalanffy building throughout the years: for
ensuring a pleasant working atmosphere, and for your company! In general, I want
to thank all the people that make IST such a great environment, with the many possibilities
to shape our own social and research environment. I want to thank my family for
all kind of practical support during the years, and my second family in Argentina
for their enthusiasm. Thanks to my brother Bernhard and my sister Martina for being
great siblings, and to Helena and Valentin for the joy you brought to my life. My
deep gratitude goes to Sebastian Nozzi, for constant support, patience, love and
for believing in me. '
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Karin
full_name: Mitosch, Karin
id: 39B66846-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mitosch
citation:
ama: Mitosch K. Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights
from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862
apa: Mitosch, K. (2017). Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria
– insights from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862
chicago: Mitosch, Karin. “Timing, Variability and Cross-Protection in Bacteria –
Insights from Dynamic Gene Expression Responses to Antibiotics.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862.
ieee: K. Mitosch, “Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights
from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics,” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Mitosch K. 2017. Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights
from dynamic gene expression responses to antibiotics. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Mitosch, Karin. Timing, Variability and Cross-Protection in Bacteria – Insights
from Dynamic Gene Expression Responses to Antibiotics. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862.
short: K. Mitosch, Timing, Variability and Cross-Protection in Bacteria – Insights
from Dynamic Gene Expression Responses to Antibiotics, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:40Z
date_published: 2017-09-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:00:26Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '571'
- '579'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: ToBo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_862
file:
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page: '113'
publication_identifier:
issn:
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publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
publist_id: '6831'
pubrep_id: '862'
related_material:
record:
- id: '2001'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '666'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Mark Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
title: Timing, variability and cross-protection in bacteria – insights from dynamic
gene expression responses to antibiotics
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '666'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Antibiotics elicit drastic changes in microbial gene expression, including
the induction of stress response genes. While certain stress responses are known
to “cross-protect” bacteria from other stressors, it is unclear whether cellular
responses to antibiotics have a similar protective role. By measuring the genome-wide
transcriptional response dynamics of Escherichia coli to four antibiotics, we
found that trimethoprim induces a rapid acid stress response that protects bacteria
from subsequent exposure to acid. Combining microfluidics with time-lapse imaging
to monitor survival and acid stress response in single cells revealed that the
noisy expression of the acid resistance operon gadBC correlates with single-cell
survival. Cells with higher gadBC expression following trimethoprim maintain higher
intracellular pH and survive the acid stress longer. The seemingly random single-cell
survival under acid stress can therefore be predicted from gadBC expression and
rationalized in terms of GadB/C molecular function. Overall, we provide a roadmap
for identifying the molecular mechanisms of single-cell cross-protection between
antibiotics and other stressors.
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
author:
- first_name: Karin
full_name: Mitosch, Karin
id: 39B66846-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mitosch
- first_name: Georg
full_name: Rieckh, Georg
id: 34DA8BD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rieckh
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
citation:
ama: Mitosch K, Rieckh G, Bollenbach MT. Noisy response to antibiotic stress predicts
subsequent single cell survival in an acidic environment. Cell Systems.
2017;4(4):393-403. doi:10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.001
apa: Mitosch, K., Rieckh, G., & Bollenbach, M. T. (2017). Noisy response to
antibiotic stress predicts subsequent single cell survival in an acidic environment.
Cell Systems. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.001
chicago: Mitosch, Karin, Georg Rieckh, and Mark Tobias Bollenbach. “Noisy Response
to Antibiotic Stress Predicts Subsequent Single Cell Survival in an Acidic Environment.”
Cell Systems. Cell Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.001.
ieee: K. Mitosch, G. Rieckh, and M. T. Bollenbach, “Noisy response to antibiotic
stress predicts subsequent single cell survival in an acidic environment,” Cell
Systems, vol. 4, no. 4. Cell Press, pp. 393–403, 2017.
ista: Mitosch K, Rieckh G, Bollenbach MT. 2017. Noisy response to antibiotic stress
predicts subsequent single cell survival in an acidic environment. Cell Systems.
4(4), 393–403.
mla: Mitosch, Karin, et al. “Noisy Response to Antibiotic Stress Predicts Subsequent
Single Cell Survival in an Acidic Environment.” Cell Systems, vol. 4, no.
4, Cell Press, 2017, pp. 393–403, doi:10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.001.
short: K. Mitosch, G. Rieckh, M.T. Bollenbach, Cell Systems 4 (2017) 393–403.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:47:48Z
date_published: 2017-04-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:00:25Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '576'
- '610'
department:
- _id: ToBo
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.001
ec_funded: 1
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checksum: 04ff20011c3d9a601c514aa999a5fe1a
content_type: application/pdf
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file_name: IST-2017-901-v1+1_1-s2.0-S2405471217300868-main.pdf
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language:
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month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 393 - 403
project:
- _id: 25E83C2C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '303507'
name: Optimality principles in responses to antibiotics
- _id: 25E9AF9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P27201-B22
name: Revealing the mechanisms underlying drug interactions
- _id: 25EB3A80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: RGP0042/2013
name: Revealing the fundamental limits of cell growth
publication: Cell Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '24054712'
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '7061'
pubrep_id: '901'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
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relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Noisy response to antibiotic stress predicts subsequent single cell survival
in an acidic environment
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 4
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '2001'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Antibiotics affect bacterial cell physiology at many levels. Rather than just
compensating for the direct cellular defects caused by the drug, bacteria respond
to antibiotics by changing their morphology, macromolecular composition, metabolism,
gene expression and possibly even their mutation rate. Inevitably, these processes
affect each other, resulting in a complex response with changes in the expression
of numerous genes. Genome‐wide approaches can thus help in gaining a comprehensive
understanding of bacterial responses to antibiotics. In addition, a combination
of experimental and theoretical approaches is needed for identifying general principles
that underlie these responses. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding
of bacterial responses to antibiotics and their combinations, focusing on effects
at the levels of growth rate and gene expression. We concentrate on studies performed
in controlled laboratory conditions, which combine promising experimental techniques
with quantitative data analysis and mathematical modeling. While these basic research
approaches are not immediately applicable in the clinic, uncovering the principles
and mechanisms underlying bacterial responses to antibiotics may, in the long
term, contribute to the development of new treatment strategies to cope with and
prevent the rise of resistant pathogenic bacteria.
author:
- first_name: Karin
full_name: Mitosch, Karin
id: 39B66846-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mitosch
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Bollenbach, Tobias
id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bollenbach
orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
citation:
ama: Mitosch K, Bollenbach MT. Bacterial responses to antibiotics and their combinations.
Environmental Microbiology Reports. 2014;6(6):545-557. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12190
apa: Mitosch, K., & Bollenbach, M. T. (2014). Bacterial responses to antibiotics
and their combinations. Environmental Microbiology Reports. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12190
chicago: Mitosch, Karin, and Mark Tobias Bollenbach. “Bacterial Responses to Antibiotics
and Their Combinations.” Environmental Microbiology Reports. Wiley, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12190.
ieee: K. Mitosch and M. T. Bollenbach, “Bacterial responses to antibiotics and their
combinations,” Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol. 6, no. 6. Wiley,
pp. 545–557, 2014.
ista: Mitosch K, Bollenbach MT. 2014. Bacterial responses to antibiotics and their
combinations. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 6(6), 545–557.
mla: Mitosch, Karin, and Mark Tobias Bollenbach. “Bacterial Responses to Antibiotics
and Their Combinations.” Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol. 6, no.
6, Wiley, 2014, pp. 545–57, doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12190.
short: K. Mitosch, M.T. Bollenbach, Environmental Microbiology Reports 6 (2014)
545–557.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:08Z
date_published: 2014-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:00:25Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: ToBo
doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12190
ec_funded: 1
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 545 - 557
project:
- _id: 25EB3A80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: RGP0042/2013
name: Revealing the fundamental limits of cell growth
- _id: 25E83C2C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '303507'
name: Optimality principles in responses to antibiotics
publication: Environmental Microbiology Reports
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '5076'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '818'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Bacterial responses to antibiotics and their combinations
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2014'
...