---
_id: '839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'This thesis describes a brittle fracture simulation method for visual effects
applications. Building upon a symmetric Galerkin boundary element method, we first
compute stress intensity factors following the theory of linear elastic fracture
mechanics. We then use these stress intensities to simulate the motion of a propagating
crack front at a significantly higher resolution than the overall deformation
of the breaking object. Allowing for spatial variations of the material''s toughness
during crack propagation produces visually realistic, highly-detailed fracture
surfaces. Furthermore, we introduce approximations for stress intensities and
crack opening displacements, resulting in both practical speed-up and theoretically
superior runtime complexity compared to previous methods. While we choose a quasi-static
approach to fracture mechanics, ignoring dynamic deformations, we also couple
our fracture simulation framework to a standard rigid-body dynamics solver, enabling
visual effects artists to simulate both large scale motion, as well as fracturing
due to collision forces in a combined system. As fractures inside of an object
grow, their geometry must be represented both in the coarse boundary element mesh,
as well as at the desired fine output resolution. Using a boundary element method,
we avoid complicated volumetric meshing operations. Instead we describe a simple
set of surface meshing operations that allow us to progressively add cracks to
the mesh of an object and still re-use all previously computed entries of the
linear boundary element system matrix. On the high resolution level, we opt for
an implicit surface representation. We then describe how to capture fracture surfaces
during crack propagation, as well as separate the individual fragments resulting
from the fracture process, based on this implicit representation. We show results
obtained with our method, either solving the full boundary element system in every
time step, or alternatively using our fast approximations. These results demonstrate
that both of these methods perform well in basic test cases and produce realistic
fracture surfaces. Furthermore we show that our fast approximations substantially
out-perform the standard approach in more demanding scenarios. Finally, these
two methods naturally combine, using the full solution while the problem size
is manageably small and switching to the fast approximations later on. The resulting
hybrid method gives the user a direct way to choose between speed and accuracy
of the simulation. '
acknowledgement: "ERC H2020 programme (grant agreement no. 638176)\r\nFirst of all,
let me thank my committee members, especially my supervisor, Chris\r\nWojtan, for
supporting me throughout my PhD. Obviously, none of this work would\r\nhave been
possible without you.\r\nFurthermore, Thank You to all the people who have contributed
to this work in various\r\nways, in particular Martin Schanz and his group for providing
and supporting the\r\nHyENA boundary element library, as well as Eder Miguel and
Morten Bojsen-Hansen\r\nfor (repeatedly) proof reading and providing valuable suggestions
during the writing\r\nof this thesis.\r\nI would also like to thank Bernd Bickel,
and all the members – past and present – of his\r\nand Chris’ research groups at
IST Austria for always providing honest and insightful\r\nfeedback throughout many
joint group meetings, as well as Christopher Batty, Eitan\r\nGrinspun, and Fang
Da for many insights into boundary element methods during our\r\ncollaboration.\r\nAs
only virtual objects have been harmed in the process of creating this work, I would\r\nlike
to acknowledge the Stanford scanning repository for providing the “Bunny” and\r\n“Armadillo”
models, the AIM@SHAPE repository for “Pierre’s hand, watertight”, and\r\nS. Gainsbourg
for the “Column” via Archive3D.net. Sorry for breaking these models\r\nin many different
ways.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
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full_name: Hahn, David
id: 357A6A66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hahn
citation:
ama: Hahn D. Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer graphics.
2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855
apa: Hahn, D. (2017). Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for
computer graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855
chicago: Hahn, David. “Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer
Graphics.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855.
ieee: D. Hahn, “Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer
graphics,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
ista: Hahn D. 2017. Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer
graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Hahn, David. Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer
Graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_855.
short: D. Hahn, Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer
Graphics, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:47Z
date_published: 2017-08-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T13:48:02Z
day: '14'
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grant_number: '638176'
name: Efficient Simulation of Natural Phenomena at Extremely Large Scales
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full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wojtan
orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
title: Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for computer graphics
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abstract:
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text: Includes source codes, test cases, and example data used in the thesis Brittle
Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements for Computer Graphics. Also includes
pre-built binaries of the HyENA library, but not sources - please contact the
HyENA authors to obtain these sources if required (https://mech.tugraz.at/hyena)
article_processing_charge: No
author:
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full_name: Hahn, David
id: 357A6A66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hahn
citation:
ama: 'Hahn D. Source codes: Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements for
computer graphics. 2017. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:73'
apa: 'Hahn, D. (2017). Source codes: Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements
for computer graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:73'
chicago: 'Hahn, David. “Source Codes: Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary
Elements for Computer Graphics.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2017. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:73.'
ieee: 'D. Hahn, “Source codes: Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements
for computer graphics.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017.'
ista: 'Hahn D. 2017. Source codes: Brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements
for computer graphics, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:73.'
mla: 'Hahn, David. Source Codes: Brittle Fracture Simulation with Boundary Elements
for Computer Graphics. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017,
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:73.'
short: D. Hahn, (2017).
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keyword:
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- fracture simulation
month: '08'
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...
---
_id: '1361'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We propose a novel surface-only technique for simulating incompressible, inviscid
and uniform-density liquids with surface tension in three dimensions. The liquid
surface is captured by a triangle mesh on which a Lagrangian velocity field is
stored. Because advection of the velocity field may violate the incompressibility
condition, we devise an orthogonal projection technique to remove the divergence
while requiring the evaluation of only two boundary integrals. The forces of surface
tension, gravity, and solid contact are all treated by a boundary element solve,
allowing us to perform detailed simulations of a wide range of liquid phenomena,
including waterbells, droplet and jet collisions, fluid chains, and crown splashes.
alternative_title:
- ACM Transactions on Graphics
article_number: a78
author:
- first_name: Fang
full_name: Da, Fang
last_name: Da
- first_name: David
full_name: Hahn, David
id: 357A6A66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hahn
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Batty, Christopher
last_name: Batty
- first_name: Christopher J
full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wojtan
orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
- first_name: Eitan
full_name: Grinspun, Eitan
last_name: Grinspun
citation:
ama: 'Da F, Hahn D, Batty C, Wojtan C, Grinspun E. Surface only liquids. In: Vol
35. ACM; 2016. doi:10.1145/2897824.2925899'
apa: 'Da, F., Hahn, D., Batty, C., Wojtan, C., & Grinspun, E. (2016). Surface
only liquids (Vol. 35). Presented at the ACM SIGGRAPH, Anaheim, CA, USA: ACM.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925899'
chicago: Da, Fang, David Hahn, Christopher Batty, Chris Wojtan, and Eitan Grinspun.
“Surface Only Liquids,” Vol. 35. ACM, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925899.
ieee: F. Da, D. Hahn, C. Batty, C. Wojtan, and E. Grinspun, “Surface only liquids,”
presented at the ACM SIGGRAPH, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2016, vol. 35, no. 4.
ista: Da F, Hahn D, Batty C, Wojtan C, Grinspun E. 2016. Surface only liquids. ACM
SIGGRAPH, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 35, a78.
mla: Da, Fang, et al. Surface Only Liquids. Vol. 35, no. 4, a78, ACM, 2016,
doi:10.1145/2897824.2925899.
short: F. Da, D. Hahn, C. Batty, C. Wojtan, E. Grinspun, in:, ACM, 2016.
conference:
end_date: 2016-07-28
location: Anaheim, CA, USA
name: ACM SIGGRAPH
start_date: 2016-07-24
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:35Z
date_published: 2016-07-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-21T10:36:07Z
day: '11'
ddc:
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department:
- _id: ChWo
doi: 10.1145/2897824.2925899
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '638176'
name: Efficient Simulation of Natural Phenomena at Extremely Large Scales
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '5881'
pubrep_id: '637'
quality_controlled: '1'
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title: Surface only liquids
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user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 35
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1362'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present a boundary element based method for fast simulation of brittle
fracture. By introducing simplifying assumptions that allow us to quickly estimate
stress intensities and opening displacements during crack propagation, we build
a fracture algorithm where the cost of each time step scales linearly with the
length of the crackfront. The transition from a full boundary element method to
our faster variant is possible at the beginning of any time step. This allows
us to build a hybrid method, which uses the expensive but more accurate BEM while
the number of degrees of freedom is low, and uses the fast method once that number
exceeds a given threshold as the crack geometry becomes more complicated. Furthermore,
we integrate this fracture simulation with a standard rigid-body solver. Our rigid-body
coupling solves a Neumann boundary value problem by carefully separating translational,
rotational and deformational components of the collision forces and then applying
a Tikhonov regularizer to the resulting linear system. We show that our method
produces physically reasonable results in standard test cases and is capable of
dealing with complex scenes faster than previous finite- or boundary element approaches.
alternative_title:
- ACM Transactions on Graphics
article_number: '104'
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Hahn, David
id: 357A6A66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hahn
- first_name: Christopher J
full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wojtan
orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
citation:
ama: 'Hahn D, Wojtan C. Fast approximations for boundary element based brittle fracture
simulation. In: Vol 35. ACM; 2016. doi:10.1145/2897824.2925902'
apa: 'Hahn, D., & Wojtan, C. (2016). Fast approximations for boundary element
based brittle fracture simulation (Vol. 35). Presented at the ACM SIGGRAPH, Anaheim,
CA, USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925902'
chicago: Hahn, David, and Chris Wojtan. “Fast Approximations for Boundary Element
Based Brittle Fracture Simulation,” Vol. 35. ACM, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925902.
ieee: D. Hahn and C. Wojtan, “Fast approximations for boundary element based brittle
fracture simulation,” presented at the ACM SIGGRAPH, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2016, vol.
35, no. 4.
ista: Hahn D, Wojtan C. 2016. Fast approximations for boundary element based brittle
fracture simulation. ACM SIGGRAPH, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 35, 104.
mla: Hahn, David, and Chris Wojtan. Fast Approximations for Boundary Element
Based Brittle Fracture Simulation. Vol. 35, no. 4, 104, ACM, 2016, doi:10.1145/2897824.2925902.
short: D. Hahn, C. Wojtan, in:, ACM, 2016.
conference:
end_date: 2016-07-28
location: Anaheim, CA, USA
name: ACM SIGGRAPH
start_date: 2016-07-24
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:35Z
date_published: 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:02:56Z
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---
_id: '1633'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "We present a method for simulating brittle fracture under the assumptions
of quasi-static linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Using the boundary element
method (BEM) and Lagrangian crack-fronts, we produce highly detailed fracture
surfaces. The computational cost of the BEM is alleviated by using a low-resolution
mesh and interpolating the resulting stress intensity factors when propagating
the high-resolution crack-front.\r\n\r\nOur system produces physics-based fracture
surfaces with high spatial and temporal resolution, taking spatial variation of
material toughness and/or strength into account. It also allows for crack initiation
to be handled separately from crack propagation, which is not only more reasonable
from a physics perspective, but can also be used to control the simulation.\r\n\r\nSeparating
the resolution of the crack-front from the resolution of the computational mesh
increases the efficiency and therefore the amount of visual detail on the resulting
fracture surfaces. The BEM also allows us to re-use previously computed blocks
of the system matrix."
article_number: '151'
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Hahn, David
id: 357A6A66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hahn
- first_name: Christopher J
full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wojtan
orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
citation:
ama: 'Hahn D, Wojtan C. High-resolution brittle fracture simulation with boundary
elements. In: Vol 34. ACM; 2015. doi:10.1145/2766896'
apa: 'Hahn, D., & Wojtan, C. (2015). High-resolution brittle fracture simulation
with boundary elements (Vol. 34). Presented at the SIGGRAPH: Special Interest
Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles, CA, United
States: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2766896'
chicago: Hahn, David, and Chris Wojtan. “High-Resolution Brittle Fracture Simulation
with Boundary Elements,” Vol. 34. ACM, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2766896.
ieee: 'D. Hahn and C. Wojtan, “High-resolution brittle fracture simulation with
boundary elements,” presented at the SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer
Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2015, vol.
34, no. 4.'
ista: 'Hahn D, Wojtan C. 2015. High-resolution brittle fracture simulation with
boundary elements. SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive
Techniques vol. 34, 151.'
mla: Hahn, David, and Chris Wojtan. High-Resolution Brittle Fracture Simulation
with Boundary Elements. Vol. 34, no. 4, 151, ACM, 2015, doi:10.1145/2766896.
short: D. Hahn, C. Wojtan, in:, ACM, 2015.
conference:
end_date: 2015-08-13
location: Los Angeles, CA, United States
name: 'SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques'
start_date: 2015-08-09
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:09Z
date_published: 2015-07-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:02:56Z
day: '27'
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department:
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name: Efficient Simulation of Natural Phenomena at Extremely Large Scales
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