--- _id: '12602' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'This study aims at developing and applying a spatially-distributed coupled glacier mass balance and ice-flow model to attribute the response of glaciers to natural and anthropogenic climate change. We focus on two glaciers with contrasting surface characteristics: a debris-covered glacier (Langtang Glacier in Nepal) and a clean-ice glacier (Hintereisferner in Austria). The model is applied from the end of the Little Ice Age (1850) to the present-day (2016) and is forced with four bias-corrected General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the historical experiment of the CMIP5 archive. The selected GCMs represent region-specific warm-dry, warm-wet, cold-dry, and cold-wet climate conditions. To isolate the effects of anthropogenic climate change on glacier mass balance and flow runs from these GCMs with and without further anthropogenic forcing after 1970 until 2016 are selected. The outcomes indicate that both glaciers experience the largest reduction in area and volume under warm climate conditions, whereas area and volume reductions are smaller under cold climate conditions. Simultaneously with changes in glacier area and volume, surface velocities generally decrease over time. Without further anthropogenic forcing the results reveal a 3% (9%) smaller decline in glacier area (volume) for the debris-covered glacier and a 18% (39%) smaller decline in glacier area (volume) for the clean-ice glacier. The difference in the magnitude between the two glaciers can mainly be attributed to differences in the response time of the glaciers, where the clean-ice glacier shows a much faster response to climate change. We conclude that the response of the two glaciers can mainly be attributed to anthropogenic climate change and that the impact is larger on the clean-ice glacier. The outcomes show that the model performs well under different climate conditions and that the developed approach can be used for regional-scale glacio-hydrological modeling.' article_number: '143' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: René R. full_name: Wijngaard, René R. last_name: Wijngaard - first_name: Jakob F. full_name: Steiner, Jakob F. last_name: Steiner - first_name: Philip D. A. full_name: Kraaijenbrink, Philip D. A. last_name: Kraaijenbrink - first_name: Christoph full_name: Klug, Christoph last_name: Klug - first_name: Surendra full_name: Adhikari, Surendra last_name: Adhikari - first_name: Argha full_name: Banerjee, Argha last_name: Banerjee - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti - first_name: Ludovicus P. H. full_name: van Beek, Ludovicus P. H. last_name: van Beek - first_name: Marc F. P. full_name: Bierkens, Marc F. P. last_name: Bierkens - first_name: Arthur F. full_name: Lutz, Arthur F. last_name: Lutz - first_name: Walter W. full_name: Immerzeel, Walter W. last_name: Immerzeel citation: ama: Wijngaard RR, Steiner JF, Kraaijenbrink PDA, et al. Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2019;7. doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00143 apa: Wijngaard, R. R., Steiner, J. F., Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A., Klug, C., Adhikari, S., Banerjee, A., … Immerzeel, W. W. (2019). Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143 chicago: Wijngaard, René R., Jakob F. Steiner, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Christoph Klug, Surendra Adhikari, Argha Banerjee, Francesca Pellicciotti, et al. “Modeling the Response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a Changing Climate since the Little Ice Age.” Frontiers in Earth Science. Frontiers Media, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143. ieee: R. R. Wijngaard et al., “Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age,” Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 7. Frontiers Media, 2019. ista: Wijngaard RR, Steiner JF, Kraaijenbrink PDA, Klug C, Adhikari S, Banerjee A, Pellicciotti F, van Beek LPH, Bierkens MFP, Lutz AF, Immerzeel WW. 2019. Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. 7, 143. mla: Wijngaard, René R., et al. “Modeling the Response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a Changing Climate since the Little Ice Age.” Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 7, 143, Frontiers Media, 2019, doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00143. short: R.R. Wijngaard, J.F. Steiner, P.D.A. Kraaijenbrink, C. Klug, S. Adhikari, A. Banerjee, F. Pellicciotti, L.P.H. van Beek, M.F.P. Bierkens, A.F. Lutz, W.W. Immerzeel, Frontiers in Earth Science 7 (2019). date_created: 2023-02-20T08:13:08Z date_published: 2019-06-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:04:48Z day: '04' doi: 10.3389/feart.2019.00143 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 7' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Frontiers in Earth Science publication_identifier: issn: - 2296-6463 publication_status: published publisher: Frontiers Media quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 7 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '12601' abstract: - lang: eng text: Ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers have received increased attention due to their role in amplifying local melt. However, very few studies have looked at these features on the catchment scale to determine their patterns and changes in space and time. We have compiled a detailed inventory of cliffs and ponds in the Langtang catchment, central Himalaya, from six high-resolution satellite orthoimages and DEMs between 2006 and 2015, and a historic orthophoto from 1974. Cliffs cover between 1.4% (± 0.4%) in the dry and 3.4% (± 0.9%) in the wet seasons and ponds between 0.6% (± 0.1%) and 1.6% (± 0.3%) of the total debris-covered tongues. We find large variations between seasons, as cliffs and ponds tend to grow in the wetter monsoon period, but there is no obvious trend in total area over the study period. The inventory further shows that cliffs are predominately north-facing irrespective of the glacier flow direction. Both cliffs and ponds appear in higher densities several hundred metres from the terminus in areas where tributaries reach the main glacier tongue. On the largest glacier in the catchment ~10% of all cliffs and ponds persisted over nearly a decade. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: JAKOB F. full_name: STEINER, JAKOB F. last_name: STEINER - first_name: PASCAL full_name: BURI, PASCAL last_name: BURI - first_name: EVAN S. full_name: MILES, EVAN S. last_name: MILES - first_name: SILVAN full_name: RAGETTLI, SILVAN last_name: RAGETTLI - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti citation: ama: 'STEINER JF, BURI P, MILES ES, RAGETTLI S, Pellicciotti F. Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. 2019;65(252):617-632. doi:10.1017/jog.2019.40' apa: 'STEINER, J. F., BURI, P., MILES, E. S., RAGETTLI, S., & Pellicciotti, F. (2019). Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40' chicago: 'STEINER, JAKOB F., PASCAL BURI, EVAN S. MILES, SILVAN RAGETTLI, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Supraglacial Ice Cliffs and Ponds on Debris-Covered Glaciers: Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characteristics.” Journal of Glaciology. Cambridge University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40.' ieee: 'J. F. STEINER, P. BURI, E. S. MILES, S. RAGETTLI, and F. Pellicciotti, “Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics,” Journal of Glaciology, vol. 65, no. 252. Cambridge University Press, pp. 617–632, 2019.' ista: 'STEINER JF, BURI P, MILES ES, RAGETTLI S, Pellicciotti F. 2019. Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. 65(252), 617–632.' mla: 'STEINER, JAKOB F., et al. “Supraglacial Ice Cliffs and Ponds on Debris-Covered Glaciers: Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characteristics.” Journal of Glaciology, vol. 65, no. 252, Cambridge University Press, 2019, pp. 617–32, doi:10.1017/jog.2019.40.' short: J.F. STEINER, P. BURI, E.S. MILES, S. RAGETTLI, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 65 (2019) 617–632. date_created: 2023-02-20T08:13:03Z date_published: 2019-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:11:07Z day: '01' doi: 10.1017/jog.2019.40 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 65' issue: '252' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 617-632 publication: Journal of Glaciology publication_identifier: eissn: - 1727-5652 issn: - 0022-1430 publication_status: published publisher: Cambridge University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 65 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '12192' abstract: - lang: eng text: Transposable elements (TEs), the movement of which can damage the genome, are epigenetically silenced in eukaryotes. Intriguingly, TEs are activated in the sperm companion cell – vegetative cell (VC) – of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the extent and mechanism of this activation are unknown. Here we show that about 100 heterochromatic TEs are activated in VCs, mostly by DEMETER-catalyzed DNA demethylation. We further demonstrate that DEMETER access to some of these TEs is permitted by the natural depletion of linker histone H1 in VCs. Ectopically expressed H1 suppresses TEs in VCs by reducing DNA demethylation and via a methylation-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that H1 is required for heterochromatin condensation in plant cells and show that H1 overexpression creates heterochromatic foci in the VC progenitor cell. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the natural depletion of H1 during male gametogenesis facilitates DEMETER-directed DNA demethylation, heterochromatin relaxation, and TE activation. acknowledgement: We thank David Twell for the pDONR-P4-P1R-pLAT52 and pDONR-P2R-P3-mRFP vectors, the John Innes Centre Bioimaging Facility (Elaine Barclay and Grant Calder) for their assistance with microscopy, and the Norwich BioScience Institute Partnership Computing infrastructure for Science Group for High Performance Computing resources. This work was funded by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) David Phillips Fellowship (BB/L025043/1; SH, JZ and XF), a European Research Council Starting Grant ('SexMeth' 804981; XF) and a Grant to Exceptional Researchers by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (SH and XF). article_number: '42530' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Shengbo full_name: He, Shengbo last_name: He - first_name: Martin full_name: Vickers, Martin last_name: Vickers - first_name: Jingyi full_name: Zhang, Jingyi last_name: Zhang - first_name: Xiaoqi full_name: Feng, Xiaoqi id: e0164712-22ee-11ed-b12a-d80fcdf35958 last_name: Feng orcid: 0000-0002-4008-1234 citation: ama: He S, Vickers M, Zhang J, Feng X. Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation. eLife. 2019;8. doi:10.7554/elife.42530 apa: He, S., Vickers, M., Zhang, J., & Feng, X. (2019). Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42530 chicago: He, Shengbo, Martin Vickers, Jingyi Zhang, and Xiaoqi Feng. “Natural Depletion of Histone H1 in Sex Cells Causes DNA Demethylation, Heterochromatin Decondensation and Transposon Activation.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42530. ieee: S. He, M. Vickers, J. Zhang, and X. Feng, “Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation,” eLife, vol. 8. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2019. ista: He S, Vickers M, Zhang J, Feng X. 2019. Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation. eLife. 8, 42530. mla: He, Shengbo, et al. “Natural Depletion of Histone H1 in Sex Cells Causes DNA Demethylation, Heterochromatin Decondensation and Transposon Activation.” ELife, vol. 8, 42530, eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2019, doi:10.7554/elife.42530. short: S. He, M. Vickers, J. Zhang, X. Feng, ELife 8 (2019). date_created: 2023-01-16T09:17:21Z date_published: 2019-05-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-05-08T10:54:12Z day: '28' ddc: - '580' department: - _id: XiFe doi: 10.7554/elife.42530 extern: '1' external_id: unknown: - '31135340' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: ea6b89c20d59e5eb3646916fe5d568ad content_type: application/pdf creator: alisjak date_created: 2023-02-07T09:42:46Z date_updated: 2023-02-07T09:42:46Z file_id: '12525' file_name: 2019_elife_He.pdf file_size: 2493837 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-02-07T09:42:46Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 8' keyword: - General Immunology and Microbiology - General Biochemistry - Genetics and Molecular Biology - General Medicine - General Neuroscience language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6594752/ month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: eLife publication_identifier: issn: - 2050-084X publication_status: published publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Natural depletion of histone H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 8 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '8305' abstract: - lang: eng text: In this paper, we present the first fully asynchronous distributed key generation (ADKG) algorithm as well as the first distributed key generation algorithm that can create keys with a dual (f,2f+1)−threshold that are necessary for scalable consensus (which so far needs a trusted dealer assumption). In order to create a DKG with a dual (f,2f+1)− threshold we first answer in the affirmative the open question posed by Cachin et al. how to create an AVSS protocol with recovery thresholds f+1