---
_id: '10407'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Digital hardware Trojans are integrated circuits whose implementation differ
from the specification in an arbitrary and malicious way. For example, the circuit
can differ from its specified input/output behavior after some fixed number of
queries (known as “time bombs”) or on some particular input (known as “cheat codes”).
To detect such Trojans, countermeasures using multiparty computation (MPC) or
verifiable computation (VC) have been proposed. On a high level, to realize a
circuit with specification F one has more sophisticated circuits F⋄ manufactured
(where F⋄ specifies a MPC or VC of F ), and then embeds these F⋄ ’s into
a master circuit which must be trusted but is relatively simple compared to F
. Those solutions impose a significant overhead as F⋄ is much more complex
than F , also the master circuits are not exactly trivial. In this work, we
show that in restricted settings, where F has no evolving state and is queried
on independent inputs, we can achieve a relaxed security notion using very simple
constructions. In particular, we do not change the specification of the circuit
at all (i.e., F=F⋄ ). Moreover the master circuit basically just queries a subset
of its manufactured circuits and checks if they’re all the same. The security
we achieve guarantees that, if the manufactured circuits are initially tested
on up to T inputs, the master circuit will catch Trojans that try to deviate on
significantly more than a 1/T fraction of the inputs. This bound is optimal for
the type of construction considered, and we provably achieve it using a construction
where 12 instantiations of F need to be embedded into the master. We also discuss
an extremely simple construction with just 2 instantiations for which we conjecture
that it already achieves the optimal bound.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Suvradip
full_name: Chakraborty, Suvradip
id: B9CD0494-D033-11E9-B219-A439E6697425
last_name: Chakraborty
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Dziembowski, Stefan
last_name: Dziembowski
- first_name: Małgorzata
full_name: Gałązka, Małgorzata
last_name: Gałązka
- first_name: Tomasz
full_name: Lizurej, Tomasz
last_name: Lizurej
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
full_name: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z
id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pietrzak
orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
- first_name: Michelle X
full_name: Yeo, Michelle X
id: 2D82B818-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Yeo
citation:
ama: 'Chakraborty S, Dziembowski S, Gałązka M, Lizurej T, Pietrzak KZ, Yeo MX. Trojan-resilience
without cryptography. In: Vol 13043. Springer Nature; 2021:397-428. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90453-1_14'
apa: 'Chakraborty, S., Dziembowski, S., Gałązka, M., Lizurej, T., Pietrzak, K. Z.,
& Yeo, M. X. (2021). Trojan-resilience without cryptography (Vol. 13043, pp.
397–428). Presented at the TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference, Raleigh, NC,
United States: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90453-1_14'
chicago: Chakraborty, Suvradip, Stefan Dziembowski, Małgorzata Gałązka, Tomasz Lizurej,
Krzysztof Z Pietrzak, and Michelle X Yeo. “Trojan-Resilience without Cryptography,”
13043:397–428. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90453-1_14.
ieee: 'S. Chakraborty, S. Dziembowski, M. Gałązka, T. Lizurej, K. Z. Pietrzak, and
M. X. Yeo, “Trojan-resilience without cryptography,” presented at the TCC: Theory
of Cryptography Conference, Raleigh, NC, United States, 2021, vol. 13043, pp.
397–428.'
ista: 'Chakraborty S, Dziembowski S, Gałązka M, Lizurej T, Pietrzak KZ, Yeo MX.
2021. Trojan-resilience without cryptography. TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference,
LNCS, vol. 13043, 397–428.'
mla: Chakraborty, Suvradip, et al. Trojan-Resilience without Cryptography.
Vol. 13043, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 397–428, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90453-1_14.
short: S. Chakraborty, S. Dziembowski, M. Gałązka, T. Lizurej, K.Z. Pietrzak, M.X.
Yeo, in:, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 397–428.
conference:
end_date: 2021-11-11
location: Raleigh, NC, United States
name: 'TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference'
start_date: 2021-11-08
date_created: 2021-12-05T23:01:42Z
date_published: 2021-11-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:07:46Z
day: '04'
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-90453-1_14
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000728364000014'
intvolume: ' 13043'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1224
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 397-428
project:
- _id: 258AA5B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '682815'
name: Teaching Old Crypto New Tricks
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1611-3349
isbn:
- 9-783-0309-0452-4
issn:
- 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Trojan-resilience without cryptography
type: conference
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 13043
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10403'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Synaptic transmission, connectivity, and dendritic morphology mature in parallel
during brain development and are often disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Yet how these changes influence the neuronal computations necessary for normal
brain function are not well understood. To identify cellular mechanisms underlying
the maturation of synaptic integration in interneurons, we combined patch-clamp
recordings of excitatory inputs in mouse cerebellar stellate cells (SCs), three-dimensional
reconstruction of SC morphology with excitatory synapse location, and biophysical
modeling. We found that postnatal maturation of postsynaptic strength was homogeneously
reduced along the somatodendritic axis, but dendritic integration was always sublinear.
However, dendritic branching increased without changes in synapse density, leading
to a substantial gain in distal inputs. Thus, changes in synapse distribution,
rather than dendrite cable properties, are the dominant mechanism underlying the
maturation of neuronal computation. These mechanisms favor the emergence of a
spatially compartmentalized two-stage integration model promoting location-dependent
integration within dendritic subunits.
acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-13-BSV4-00166, to LC and DAD). TA
was supported by fellowships from the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale and the
Swedish Research Council. We thank Dmitry Ershov from the Image Analysis Hub of
the Institut Pasteur, Elodie Le Monnier, Elena Hollergschwandtner, Vanessa Zheden,
and Corinne Nantet for technical support and Haining Zhong for providing the Venus-tagged
PSD95 mouse line. We would like to thank Alberto Bacci, Ann Lohof, and Nelson Rebola
for comments on the manuscript.
article_number: e65954
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Celia
full_name: Biane, Celia
last_name: Biane
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Rückerl, Florian
last_name: Rückerl
- first_name: Therese
full_name: Abrahamsson, Therese
last_name: Abrahamsson
- first_name: Cécile
full_name: Saint-Cloment, Cécile
last_name: Saint-Cloment
- first_name: Jean
full_name: Mariani, Jean
last_name: Mariani
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: David A.
full_name: Digregorio, David A.
last_name: Digregorio
- first_name: Rachel M.
full_name: Sherrard, Rachel M.
last_name: Sherrard
- first_name: Laurence
full_name: Cathala, Laurence
last_name: Cathala
citation:
ama: Biane C, Rückerl F, Abrahamsson T, et al. Developmental emergence of two-stage
nonlinear synaptic integration in cerebellar interneurons. eLife. 2021;10.
doi:10.7554/eLife.65954
apa: Biane, C., Rückerl, F., Abrahamsson, T., Saint-Cloment, C., Mariani, J., Shigemoto,
R., … Cathala, L. (2021). Developmental emergence of two-stage nonlinear synaptic
integration in cerebellar interneurons. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65954
chicago: Biane, Celia, Florian Rückerl, Therese Abrahamsson, Cécile Saint-Cloment,
Jean Mariani, Ryuichi Shigemoto, David A. Digregorio, Rachel M. Sherrard, and
Laurence Cathala. “Developmental Emergence of Two-Stage Nonlinear Synaptic Integration
in Cerebellar Interneurons.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65954.
ieee: C. Biane et al., “Developmental emergence of two-stage nonlinear synaptic
integration in cerebellar interneurons,” eLife, vol. 10. eLife Sciences
Publications, 2021.
ista: Biane C, Rückerl F, Abrahamsson T, Saint-Cloment C, Mariani J, Shigemoto R,
Digregorio DA, Sherrard RM, Cathala L. 2021. Developmental emergence of two-stage
nonlinear synaptic integration in cerebellar interneurons. eLife. 10, e65954.
mla: Biane, Celia, et al. “Developmental Emergence of Two-Stage Nonlinear Synaptic
Integration in Cerebellar Interneurons.” ELife, vol. 10, e65954, eLife
Sciences Publications, 2021, doi:10.7554/eLife.65954.
short: C. Biane, F. Rückerl, T. Abrahamsson, C. Saint-Cloment, J. Mariani, R. Shigemoto,
D.A. Digregorio, R.M. Sherrard, L. Cathala, ELife 10 (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-05T23:01:40Z
date_published: 2021-11-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:12:07Z
day: '03'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: RySh
doi: 10.7554/eLife.65954
external_id:
isi:
- '000715789500001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: c7c33c3319428d56e332e22349c50ed3
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cchlebak
date_created: 2021-12-10T08:31:41Z
date_updated: 2021-12-10T08:31:41Z
file_id: '10528'
file_name: 2021_eLife_Biane.pdf
file_size: 13131322
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-10T08:31:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 10'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Developmental emergence of two-stage nonlinear synaptic integration in cerebellar
interneurons
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 10
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10401'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Theoretical and experimental studies of the interaction between spins and
temperature are vital for the development of spin caloritronics, as they dictate
the design of future devices. In this work, we propose a two-terminal cold-atom
simulator to study that interaction. The proposed quantum simulator consists of
strongly interacting atoms that occupy two temperature reservoirs connected by
a one-dimensional link. First, we argue that the dynamics in the link can be described
using an inhomogeneous Heisenberg spin chain whose couplings are defined by the
local temperature. Second, we show the existence of a spin current in a system
with a temperature difference by studying the dynamics that follows the spin-flip
of an atom in the link. A temperature gradient accelerates the impurity in one
direction more than in the other, leading to an overall spin current similar to
the spin Seebeck effect.
acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge support from the European QuantERA ERA-NET
Cofund in Quantum Technologies (Project QTFLAG Grant Agreement No. 731473) (R.E.B),
CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) Brazil (A.F.),
the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie
Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 (A.G.V.), the Independent Research Fund
Denmark, the Carlsberg Foundation, and Aarhus University Research Foundation under
the Jens Christian Skou fellowship program (N.T.Z).
article_number: '252'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rafael E.
full_name: Barfknecht, Rafael E.
last_name: Barfknecht
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Foerster, Angela
last_name: Foerster
- first_name: Nikolaj T.
full_name: Zinner, Nikolaj T.
last_name: Zinner
- first_name: Artem
full_name: Volosniev, Artem
id: 37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Volosniev
orcid: 0000-0003-0393-5525
citation:
ama: Barfknecht RE, Foerster A, Zinner NT, Volosniev A. Generation of spin currents
by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device. Communications Physics.
2021;4(1). doi:10.1038/s42005-021-00753-7
apa: Barfknecht, R. E., Foerster, A., Zinner, N. T., & Volosniev, A. (2021).
Generation of spin currents by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device.
Communications Physics. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-021-00753-7
chicago: Barfknecht, Rafael E., Angela Foerster, Nikolaj T. Zinner, and Artem Volosniev.
“Generation of Spin Currents by a Temperature Gradient in a Two-Terminal Device.”
Communications Physics. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-021-00753-7.
ieee: R. E. Barfknecht, A. Foerster, N. T. Zinner, and A. Volosniev, “Generation
of spin currents by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device,” Communications
Physics, vol. 4, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021.
ista: Barfknecht RE, Foerster A, Zinner NT, Volosniev A. 2021. Generation of spin
currents by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device. Communications Physics.
4(1), 252.
mla: Barfknecht, Rafael E., et al. “Generation of Spin Currents by a Temperature
Gradient in a Two-Terminal Device.” Communications Physics, vol. 4, no.
1, 252, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:10.1038/s42005-021-00753-7.
short: R.E. Barfknecht, A. Foerster, N.T. Zinner, A. Volosniev, Communications Physics
4 (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-05T23:01:39Z
date_published: 2021-11-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:04:34Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MiLe
doi: 10.1038/s42005-021-00753-7
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2101.02020'
isi:
- 10.1038/s42005-021-00753-7
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 9097319952cb9a3d96e7fd3aa9813a03
content_type: application/pdf
creator: alisjak
date_created: 2021-12-06T14:53:41Z
date_updated: 2021-12-06T14:53:41Z
file_id: '10420'
file_name: 2021_NatComm_Barfknecht.pdf
file_size: 1068984
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-06T14:53:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 4'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Communications Physics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- '23993650'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Generation of spin currents by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 4
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10404'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found wide adoption as state-of-the-art
models for image-related tasks, their predictions are often highly sensitive to
small input perturbations, which the human vision is robust against. This paper
presents Perturber, a web-based application that allows users to instantaneously
explore how CNN activations and predictions evolve when a 3D input scene is interactively
perturbed. Perturber offers a large variety of scene modifications, such as camera
controls, lighting and shading effects, background modifications, object morphing,
as well as adversarial attacks, to facilitate the discovery of potential vulnerabilities.
Fine-tuned model versions can be directly compared for qualitative evaluation
of their robustness. Case studies with machine learning experts have shown that
Perturber helps users to quickly generate hypotheses about model vulnerabilities
and to qualitatively compare model behavior. Using quantitative analyses, we could
replicate users’ insights with other CNN architectures and input images, yielding
new insights about the vulnerability of adversarially trained models.
acknowledgement: "We thank Robert Geirhos and Roland Zimmermann for their participation
in the case study and valuable feedback, Chris Olah and Nick Cammarata for valuable
discussions in the early phase of the project, as well as the Distill Slack workspace
as a platform for discussions. M.L. is supported in part by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) under grant Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award). J.B. is supported by the German
Federal Ministry of Education and Research\r\n(BMBF) through the Competence Center
for Machine Learning (TUE.AI, FKZ 01IS18039A) and the International Max Planck Research
School for Intelligent Systems (IMPRS-IS). R.H. is partially supported by Boeing
and Horizon-2020 ECSEL (grant 783163, iDev40).\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Sietzen, Stefan
last_name: Sietzen
- first_name: Mathias
full_name: Lechner, Mathias
id: 3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lechner
- first_name: Judy
full_name: Borowski, Judy
last_name: Borowski
- first_name: Ramin
full_name: Hasani, Ramin
last_name: Hasani
- first_name: Manuela
full_name: Waldner, Manuela
last_name: Waldner
citation:
ama: Sietzen S, Lechner M, Borowski J, Hasani R, Waldner M. Interactive analysis
of CNN robustness. Computer Graphics Forum. 2021;40(7):253-264. doi:10.1111/cgf.14418
apa: Sietzen, S., Lechner, M., Borowski, J., Hasani, R., & Waldner, M. (2021).
Interactive analysis of CNN robustness. Computer Graphics Forum. Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14418
chicago: Sietzen, Stefan, Mathias Lechner, Judy Borowski, Ramin Hasani, and Manuela
Waldner. “Interactive Analysis of CNN Robustness.” Computer Graphics Forum.
Wiley, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14418.
ieee: S. Sietzen, M. Lechner, J. Borowski, R. Hasani, and M. Waldner, “Interactive
analysis of CNN robustness,” Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 40, no. 7. Wiley,
pp. 253–264, 2021.
ista: Sietzen S, Lechner M, Borowski J, Hasani R, Waldner M. 2021. Interactive analysis
of CNN robustness. Computer Graphics Forum. 40(7), 253–264.
mla: Sietzen, Stefan, et al. “Interactive Analysis of CNN Robustness.” Computer
Graphics Forum, vol. 40, no. 7, Wiley, 2021, pp. 253–64, doi:10.1111/cgf.14418.
short: S. Sietzen, M. Lechner, J. Borowski, R. Hasani, M. Waldner, Computer Graphics
Forum 40 (2021) 253–264.
date_created: 2021-12-05T23:01:40Z
date_published: 2021-11-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:11:42Z
day: '27'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1111/cgf.14418
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2110.07667'
isi:
- '000722952000024'
intvolume: ' 40'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.07667
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 253-264
project:
- _id: 25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Z211
name: The Wittgenstein Prize
publication: Computer Graphics Forum
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1467-8659
issn:
- 0167-7055
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Interactive analysis of CNN robustness
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 40
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '13058'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The zip file includes source data used in the main text of the manuscript
"Theory of branching morphogenesis by local interactions and global guidance",
as well as a representative Jupyter notebook to reproduce the main figures. A
sample script for the simulations of branching and annihilating random walks is
also included (Sample_script_for_simulations_of_BARWs.ipynb) to generate exemplary
branched networks under external guidance. A detailed description of the simulation
setup is provided in the supplementary information of the manuscipt.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Mehmet C
full_name: Ucar, Mehmet C
id: 50B2A802-6007-11E9-A42B-EB23E6697425
last_name: Ucar
orcid: 0000-0003-0506-4217
citation:
ama: Ucar MC. Source data for the manuscript “Theory of branching morphogenesis
by local interactions and global guidance.” 2021. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5257160
apa: Ucar, M. C. (2021). Source data for the manuscript “Theory of branching morphogenesis
by local interactions and global guidance.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.5257160
chicago: Ucar, Mehmet C. “Source Data for the Manuscript ‘Theory of Branching Morphogenesis
by Local Interactions and Global Guidance.’” Zenodo, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.5257160.
ieee: M. C. Ucar, “Source data for the manuscript ‘Theory of branching morphogenesis
by local interactions and global guidance.’” Zenodo, 2021.
ista: Ucar MC. 2021. Source data for the manuscript ‘Theory of branching morphogenesis
by local interactions and global guidance’, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.5257160.
mla: Ucar, Mehmet C. Source Data for the Manuscript “Theory of Branching Morphogenesis
by Local Interactions and Global Guidance.” Zenodo, 2021, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5257160.
short: M.C. Ucar, (2021).
date_created: 2023-05-23T13:46:34Z
date_published: 2021-08-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:18:46Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: EdHa
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.5257160
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5257161
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
related_material:
record:
- id: '10402'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: Source data for the manuscript "Theory of branching morphogenesis by local
interactions and global guidance"
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10408'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Key trees are often the best solution in terms of transmission cost and storage
requirements for managing keys in a setting where a group needs to share a secret
key, while being able to efficiently rotate the key material of users (in order
to recover from a potential compromise, or to add or remove users). Applications
include multicast encryption protocols like LKH (Logical Key Hierarchies) or group
messaging like the current IETF proposal TreeKEM. A key tree is a (typically balanced)
binary tree, where each node is identified with a key: leaf nodes hold users’
secret keys while the root is the shared group key. For a group of size N, each
user just holds log(N) keys (the keys on the path from its leaf to the root)
and its entire key material can be rotated by broadcasting 2log(N) ciphertexts
(encrypting each fresh key on the path under the keys of its parents). In this
work we consider the natural setting where we have many groups with partially
overlapping sets of users, and ask if we can find solutions where the cost of
rotating a key is better than in the trivial one where we have a separate key
tree for each group. We show that in an asymptotic setting (where the number m
of groups is fixed while the number N of users grows) there exist more general
key graphs whose cost converges to the cost of a single group, thus saving a factor
linear in the number of groups over the trivial solution. As our asymptotic “solution”
converges very slowly and performs poorly on concrete examples, we propose an
algorithm that uses a natural heuristic to compute a key graph for any given group
structure. Our algorithm combines two greedy algorithms, and is thus very efficient:
it first converts the group structure into a “lattice graph”, which is then turned
into a key graph by repeatedly applying the algorithm for constructing a Huffman
code. To better understand how far our proposal is from an optimal solution, we
prove lower bounds on the update cost of continuous group-key agreement and multicast
encryption in a symbolic model admitting (asymmetric) encryption, pseudorandom
generators, and secret sharing as building blocks.'
acknowledgement: B. Auerbach, M.A. Baig and K. Pietrzak—received funding from the
European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme (682815 - TOCNeT); Karen Klein was supported in part by
ERC CoG grant 724307 and conducted part of this work at IST Austria, funded by the
ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (682815
- TOCNeT); Guillermo Pascual-Perez was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement
No. 665385; Michael Walter conducted part of this work at IST Austria, funded by
the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
(682815 - TOCNeT).
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Joel F
full_name: Alwen, Joel F
id: 2A8DFA8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alwen
- first_name: Benedikt
full_name: Auerbach, Benedikt
id: D33D2B18-E445-11E9-ABB7-15F4E5697425
last_name: Auerbach
orcid: 0000-0002-7553-6606
- first_name: Mirza Ahad
full_name: Baig, Mirza Ahad
id: 3EDE6DE4-AA5A-11E9-986D-341CE6697425
last_name: Baig
- first_name: Miguel
full_name: Cueto Noval, Miguel
id: ffc563a3-f6e0-11ea-865d-e3cce03d17cc
last_name: Cueto Noval
- first_name: Karen
full_name: Klein, Karen
id: 3E83A2F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Klein
- first_name: Guillermo
full_name: Pascual Perez, Guillermo
id: 2D7ABD02-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pascual Perez
orcid: 0000-0001-8630-415X
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
full_name: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z
id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pietrzak
orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Walter, Michael
id: 488F98B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Walter
orcid: 0000-0003-3186-2482
citation:
ama: 'Alwen JF, Auerbach B, Baig MA, et al. Grafting key trees: Efficient key management
for overlapping groups. In: 19th International Conference. Vol 13044. Springer
Nature; 2021:222-253. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90456-2_8'
apa: 'Alwen, J. F., Auerbach, B., Baig, M. A., Cueto Noval, M., Klein, K., Pascual
Perez, G., … Walter, M. (2021). Grafting key trees: Efficient key management for
overlapping groups. In 19th International Conference (Vol. 13044, pp. 222–253).
Raleigh, NC, United States: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90456-2_8'
chicago: 'Alwen, Joel F, Benedikt Auerbach, Mirza Ahad Baig, Miguel Cueto Noval,
Karen Klein, Guillermo Pascual Perez, Krzysztof Z Pietrzak, and Michael Walter.
“Grafting Key Trees: Efficient Key Management for Overlapping Groups.” In 19th
International Conference, 13044:222–53. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90456-2_8.'
ieee: 'J. F. Alwen et al., “Grafting key trees: Efficient key management
for overlapping groups,” in 19th International Conference, Raleigh, NC,
United States, 2021, vol. 13044, pp. 222–253.'
ista: 'Alwen JF, Auerbach B, Baig MA, Cueto Noval M, Klein K, Pascual Perez G, Pietrzak
KZ, Walter M. 2021. Grafting key trees: Efficient key management for overlapping
groups. 19th International Conference. TCC: Theory of Cryptography, LNCS, vol.
13044, 222–253.'
mla: 'Alwen, Joel F., et al. “Grafting Key Trees: Efficient Key Management for Overlapping
Groups.” 19th International Conference, vol. 13044, Springer Nature, 2021,
pp. 222–53, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90456-2_8.'
short: J.F. Alwen, B. Auerbach, M.A. Baig, M. Cueto Noval, K. Klein, G. Pascual
Perez, K.Z. Pietrzak, M. Walter, in:, 19th International Conference, Springer
Nature, 2021, pp. 222–253.
conference:
end_date: 2021-11-11
location: Raleigh, NC, United States
name: 'TCC: Theory of Cryptography'
start_date: 2021-11-08
date_created: 2021-12-05T23:01:42Z
date_published: 2021-11-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:19:39Z
day: '04'
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-90456-2_8
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000728363700008'
intvolume: ' 13044'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1158
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 222-253
project:
- _id: 258AA5B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '682815'
name: Teaching Old Crypto New Tricks
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '665385'
name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication: 19th International Conference
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-3-030-90456-2
eissn:
- 1611-3349
isbn:
- 9-783-0309-0455-5
issn:
- 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Grafting key trees: Efficient key management for overlapping groups'
type: conference
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 13044
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10527'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We show that in a two-dimensional electron gas with an annular Fermi surface,
long-range Coulomb interactions can lead to unconventional superconductivity by
the Kohn-Luttinger mechanism. Superconductivity is strongly enhanced when the
inner and outer Fermi surfaces are close to each other. The most prevalent state
has chiral p-wave symmetry, but d-wave and extended s-wave pairing are also possible.
We discuss these results in the context of rhombohedral trilayer graphene, where
superconductivity was recently discovered in regimes where the normal state has
an annular Fermi surface. Using realistic parameters, our mechanism can account
for the order of magnitude of Tc, as well as its trends as a function of electron
density and perpendicular displacement field. Moreover, it naturally explains
some of the outstanding puzzles in this material, that include the weak temperature
dependence of the resistivity above Tc, and the proximity of spin singlet superconductivity
to the ferromagnetic phase.
acknowledgement: We thank Yang-Zhi Chou, Andrey Chubukov, Johannes Hofmann, Steve
Kivelson, Sri Raghu, and Sankar das Sarma, Jay Sau, Fengcheng Wu, and Andrea Young
for many stimulating discussions and for their comments on the manuscript. E.B.
thanks S. Chatterjee, T. Wang, and M. Zaletel for a collaboration on a related topic.
A.G. acknowledges support by the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411. E.B. and T.H.
were supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under grant HQMAT (Grant Agreement
No. 817799), by the Israel-USA Binational Science Foundation (BSF), and by a Research
grant from Irving and Cherna Moskowitz.
article_number: '247001'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Areg
full_name: Ghazaryan, Areg
id: 4AF46FD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ghazaryan
orcid: 0000-0001-9666-3543
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Holder, Tobias
last_name: Holder
- first_name: Maksym
full_name: Serbyn, Maksym
id: 47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Serbyn
orcid: 0000-0002-2399-5827
- first_name: Erez
full_name: Berg, Erez
last_name: Berg
citation:
ama: 'Ghazaryan A, Holder T, Serbyn M, Berg E. Unconventional superconductivity
in systems with annular Fermi surfaces: Application to rhombohedral trilayer graphene.
Physical Review Letters. 2021;127(24). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.247001'
apa: 'Ghazaryan, A., Holder, T., Serbyn, M., & Berg, E. (2021). Unconventional
superconductivity in systems with annular Fermi surfaces: Application to rhombohedral
trilayer graphene. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society.
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.247001'
chicago: 'Ghazaryan, Areg, Tobias Holder, Maksym Serbyn, and Erez Berg. “Unconventional
Superconductivity in Systems with Annular Fermi Surfaces: Application to Rhombohedral
Trilayer Graphene.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society,
2021. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.247001.'
ieee: 'A. Ghazaryan, T. Holder, M. Serbyn, and E. Berg, “Unconventional superconductivity
in systems with annular Fermi surfaces: Application to rhombohedral trilayer graphene,”
Physical Review Letters, vol. 127, no. 24. American Physical Society, 2021.'
ista: 'Ghazaryan A, Holder T, Serbyn M, Berg E. 2021. Unconventional superconductivity
in systems with annular Fermi surfaces: Application to rhombohedral trilayer graphene.
Physical Review Letters. 127(24), 247001.'
mla: 'Ghazaryan, Areg, et al. “Unconventional Superconductivity in Systems with
Annular Fermi Surfaces: Application to Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene.” Physical
Review Letters, vol. 127, no. 24, 247001, American Physical Society, 2021,
doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.247001.'
short: A. Ghazaryan, T. Holder, M. Serbyn, E. Berg, Physical Review Letters 127
(2021).
date_created: 2021-12-10T07:51:33Z
date_published: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T13:19:13Z
day: '09'
department:
- _id: MaSe
doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.247001
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2109.00011'
isi:
- '000923819400004'
intvolume: ' 127'
isi: 1
issue: '24'
keyword:
- general physics and astronomy
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00011
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1079-7114
issn:
- 0031-9007
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Webpage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/resolving-the-puzzles-of-graphene-superconductivity/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Unconventional superconductivity in systems with annular Fermi surfaces: Application
to rhombohedral trilayer graphene'
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 127
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10534'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: For many years, fullerene derivatives have been the main n-type material of
organic electronics and optoelectronics. Recently, fullerene derivatives functionalized
with ethylene glycol (EG) side chains have been showing important properties such
as enhanced dielectric constants, facile doping and enhanced self-assembly capabilities.
Here, we have prepared field-effect transistors using a series of these fullerene
derivatives equipped with EG side chains of different lengths. Transport data
show the beneficial effect of increasing the EG side chain. In order to understand
the material properties, full structural determination of these fullerene derivatives
has been achieved by coupling the X-ray data with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
The increase in transport properties is paired with the formation of extended
layered structures, efficient molecular packing and an increase in the crystallite
alignment. The layer-like structure is composed of conducting layers, containing
of closely packed C60 balls approaching the inter-distance of 1 nm, that are separated
by well-defined EG layers, where the EG chains are rather splayed with the chain
direction almost perpendicular to the layer normal. Such a layered structure appears
highly ordered and highly aligned with the C60 planes oriented parallel to the
substrate in the thin film configuration. The order inside the thin film increases
with the EG chain length, allowing the systems to achieve mobilities as high as
0.053 cm2 V−1 s−1. Our work elucidates the structure of these interesting semiconducting
organic molecules and shows that the synergistic use of X-ray structural analysis
and MD simulations is a powerful tool to identify the structure of thin organic
films for optoelectronic applications.
acknowledgement: J. D. gratefully acknowledges the China Scholarship Council (CSC
No. 201606340158) for supporting his PhD studies. S. S. thanks J. Antoja-Lleonart
for insightful discussions on simulating the X-ray diffraction patterns. Part of
the work was sponsored by NWO Exact and Natural Sciences for the use of supercomputer
facilities (Contract no. 17197 7095). Regarding S. S., R. A., R. W. A. H., J. C.
H., and M. A. L., this is a publication by the FOM Focus Group “Next Generation
Organic Photovoltaics”, participating in the Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy
Research (DIFFER). The ESRF is acknowledged for providing the beamtime. J. D. and
G. P. are grateful to the BM26B staff for their great support during the beamtime.
M. A. L., D. M. B. are grateful for the financial support of the European Research
Council via a Starting Grant (HySPOD, No. 306983).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jingjin
full_name: Dong, Jingjin
last_name: Dong
- first_name: Selim
full_name: Sami, Selim
last_name: Sami
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Balazs, Daniel
id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E
last_name: Balazs
orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X
- first_name: Riccardo
full_name: Alessandri, Riccardo
last_name: Alessandri
- first_name: Fatimeh
full_name: Jahani, Fatimeh
last_name: Jahani
- first_name: Li
full_name: Qiu, Li
last_name: Qiu
- first_name: Siewert J.
full_name: Marrink, Siewert J.
last_name: Marrink
- first_name: Remco W.A.
full_name: Havenith, Remco W.A.
last_name: Havenith
- first_name: Jan C.
full_name: Hummelen, Jan C.
last_name: Hummelen
- first_name: Maria A.
full_name: Loi, Maria A.
last_name: Loi
- first_name: Giuseppe
full_name: Portale, Giuseppe
last_name: Portale
citation:
ama: 'Dong J, Sami S, Balazs D, et al. Fullerene derivatives with oligoethylene-glycol
side chains: An investigation on the origin of their outstanding transport properties.
Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2021;9(45):16217-16225. doi:10.1039/d1tc02753k'
apa: 'Dong, J., Sami, S., Balazs, D., Alessandri, R., Jahani, F., Qiu, L., … Portale,
G. (2021). Fullerene derivatives with oligoethylene-glycol side chains: An investigation
on the origin of their outstanding transport properties. Journal of Materials
Chemistry C. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tc02753k'
chicago: 'Dong, Jingjin, Selim Sami, Daniel Balazs, Riccardo Alessandri, Fatimeh
Jahani, Li Qiu, Siewert J. Marrink, et al. “Fullerene Derivatives with Oligoethylene-Glycol
Side Chains: An Investigation on the Origin of Their Outstanding Transport Properties.”
Journal of Materials Chemistry C. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tc02753k.'
ieee: 'J. Dong et al., “Fullerene derivatives with oligoethylene-glycol side
chains: An investigation on the origin of their outstanding transport properties,”
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 9, no. 45. Royal Society of Chemistry,
pp. 16217–16225, 2021.'
ista: 'Dong J, Sami S, Balazs D, Alessandri R, Jahani F, Qiu L, Marrink SJ, Havenith
RWA, Hummelen JC, Loi MA, Portale G. 2021. Fullerene derivatives with oligoethylene-glycol
side chains: An investigation on the origin of their outstanding transport properties.
Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 9(45), 16217–16225.'
mla: 'Dong, Jingjin, et al. “Fullerene Derivatives with Oligoethylene-Glycol Side
Chains: An Investigation on the Origin of Their Outstanding Transport Properties.”
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 9, no. 45, Royal Society of Chemistry,
2021, pp. 16217–25, doi:10.1039/d1tc02753k.'
short: J. Dong, S. Sami, D. Balazs, R. Alessandri, F. Jahani, L. Qiu, S.J. Marrink,
R.W.A. Havenith, J.C. Hummelen, M.A. Loi, G. Portale, Journal of Materials Chemistry
C 9 (2021) 16217–16225.
date_created: 2021-12-12T23:01:27Z
date_published: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-17T06:18:44Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1039/d1tc02753k
external_id:
isi:
- '000688135700001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 6b73c214ce54a6894a5854b4364413d7
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cchlebak
date_created: 2021-12-13T09:24:42Z
date_updated: 2021-12-13T09:24:42Z
file_id: '10538'
file_name: 2021_JMaterChemC_Dong.pdf
file_size: 4979390
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-13T09:24:42Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
isi: 1
issue: '45'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 16217-16225
publication: Journal of Materials Chemistry C
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2050-7526
issn:
- 2050-7534
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Fullerene derivatives with oligoethylene-glycol side chains: An investigation
on the origin of their outstanding transport properties'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 9
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10533'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Flowering plants utilize small RNA molecules to guide DNA methyltransferases
to genomic sequences. This RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway preferentially
targets euchromatic transposable elements. However, RdDM is thought to be recruited
by methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me), a hallmark of heterochromatin.
How RdDM is targeted to euchromatin despite an affinity for H3K9me is unclear.
Here we show that loss of histone H1 enhances heterochromatic RdDM, preferentially
at nucleosome linker DNA. Surprisingly, this does not require SHH1, the RdDM component
that binds H3K9me. Furthermore, H3K9me is dispensable for RdDM, as is CG DNA methylation.
Instead, we find that non-CG methylation is specifically associated with small
RNA biogenesis, and without H1 small RNA production quantitatively expands to
non-CG methylated loci. Our results demonstrate that H1 enforces the separation
of euchromatic and heterochromatic DNA methylation pathways by excluding the small
RNA-generating branch of RdDM from non-CG methylated heterochromatin.
acknowledgement: We thank X Feng for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work
was supported by a European Research Council grant MaintainMeth (725746) to DZ.
article_number: e72676
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jaemyung
full_name: Choi, Jaemyung
last_name: Choi
- first_name: David B
full_name: Lyons, David B
last_name: Lyons
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
last_name: Zilberman
orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
citation:
ama: Choi J, Lyons DB, Zilberman D. Histone H1 prevents non-CG methylation-mediated
small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis heterochromatin. eLife. 2021;10. doi:10.7554/elife.72676
apa: Choi, J., Lyons, D. B., & Zilberman, D. (2021). Histone H1 prevents non-CG
methylation-mediated small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis heterochromatin. ELife.
eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.72676
chicago: Choi, Jaemyung, David B Lyons, and Daniel Zilberman. “Histone H1 Prevents
Non-CG Methylation-Mediated Small RNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis Heterochromatin.”
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.72676.
ieee: J. Choi, D. B. Lyons, and D. Zilberman, “Histone H1 prevents non-CG methylation-mediated
small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis heterochromatin,” eLife, vol. 10. eLife
Sciences Publications, 2021.
ista: Choi J, Lyons DB, Zilberman D. 2021. Histone H1 prevents non-CG methylation-mediated
small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis heterochromatin. eLife. 10, e72676.
mla: Choi, Jaemyung, et al. “Histone H1 Prevents Non-CG Methylation-Mediated Small
RNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis Heterochromatin.” ELife, vol. 10, e72676,
eLife Sciences Publications, 2021, doi:10.7554/elife.72676.
short: J. Choi, D.B. Lyons, D. Zilberman, ELife 10 (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-10T13:12:08Z
date_published: 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-17T06:21:08Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.7554/elife.72676
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000754832000001'
pmid:
- '34850679'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 22ed4c55fb550f6da02ae55c359be651
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2022-05-16T10:42:22Z
date_updated: 2022-05-16T10:42:22Z
file_id: '11384'
file_name: 2021_eLife_Choi.pdf
file_size: 2715200
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-05-16T10:42:22Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 10'
isi: 1
keyword:
- genetics and molecular biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 62935a00-2b32-11ec-9570-eff30fa39068
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '725746'
name: Quantitative analysis of DNA methylation maintenance with chromatin
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Histone H1 prevents non-CG methylation-mediated small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis
heterochromatin
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 10
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10536'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: TGFβ overexpression is commonly detected in cancer patients and correlates
with poor prognosis and metastasis. Cancer progression is often associated with
an enhanced recruitment of myeloid-derived cells to the tumor microenvironment.
Here we show that functional TGFβ-signaling in myeloid cells is required for metastasis
to the lungs and the liver. Myeloid-specific deletion of Tgfbr2 resulted in reduced
spontaneous lung metastasis, which was associated with a reduction of proinflammatory
cytokines in the metastatic microenvironment. Notably, CD8+ T cell depletion in
myeloid-specific Tgfbr2-deficient mice rescued lung metastasis. Myeloid-specific
Tgfbr2-deficiency resulted in reduced liver metastasis with an almost complete
absence of myeloid cells within metastatic foci. On contrary, an accumulation
of Tgfβ-responsive myeloid cells was associated with an increased recruitment
of monocytes and granulocytes and higher proinflammatory cytokine levels in control
mice. Monocytic cells isolated from metastatic livers of Tgfbr2-deficient mice
showed increased polarization towards the M1 phenotype, Tnfα and Il-1β expression,
reduced levels of M2 markers and reduced production of chemokines responsible
for myeloid-cell recruitment. No significant differences in Tgfβ levels were observed
at metastatic sites of any model. These data demonstrate that Tgfβ signaling in
monocytic myeloid cells suppresses CD8+ T cell activity during lung metastasis,
while these cells actively contribute to tumor growth during liver metastasis.
Thus, myeloid cells modulate metastasis through different mechanisms in a tissue-specific
manner.
acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge the assistance of the Laboratory Animal Services
Center (LASC) – UZH, Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, and the Flow Cytometry
Center of the University of Zurich.
article_number: '765151'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Cristina
full_name: Stefanescu, Cristina
last_name: Stefanescu
- first_name: Merel
full_name: Van Gogh, Merel
last_name: Van Gogh
- first_name: Marko
full_name: Roblek, Marko
id: 3047D808-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Roblek
orcid: 0000-0001-9588-1389
- first_name: Mathias
full_name: Heikenwalder, Mathias
last_name: Heikenwalder
- first_name: Lubor
full_name: Borsig, Lubor
last_name: Borsig
citation:
ama: Stefanescu C, Van Gogh M, Roblek M, Heikenwalder M, Borsig L. TGFβ signaling
in myeloid cells promotes lung and liver metastasis through different mechanisms.
Frontiers in Oncology. 2021;11. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.765151
apa: Stefanescu, C., Van Gogh, M., Roblek, M., Heikenwalder, M., & Borsig, L.
(2021). TGFβ signaling in myeloid cells promotes lung and liver metastasis through
different mechanisms. Frontiers in Oncology. Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.765151
chicago: Stefanescu, Cristina, Merel Van Gogh, Marko Roblek, Mathias Heikenwalder,
and Lubor Borsig. “TGFβ Signaling in Myeloid Cells Promotes Lung and Liver Metastasis
through Different Mechanisms.” Frontiers in Oncology. Frontiers, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.765151.
ieee: C. Stefanescu, M. Van Gogh, M. Roblek, M. Heikenwalder, and L. Borsig, “TGFβ
signaling in myeloid cells promotes lung and liver metastasis through different
mechanisms,” Frontiers in Oncology, vol. 11. Frontiers, 2021.
ista: Stefanescu C, Van Gogh M, Roblek M, Heikenwalder M, Borsig L. 2021. TGFβ signaling
in myeloid cells promotes lung and liver metastasis through different mechanisms.
Frontiers in Oncology. 11, 765151.
mla: Stefanescu, Cristina, et al. “TGFβ Signaling in Myeloid Cells Promotes Lung
and Liver Metastasis through Different Mechanisms.” Frontiers in Oncology,
vol. 11, 765151, Frontiers, 2021, doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.765151.
short: C. Stefanescu, M. Van Gogh, M. Roblek, M. Heikenwalder, L. Borsig, Frontiers
in Oncology 11 (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-12T23:01:27Z
date_published: 2021-11-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-17T06:20:32Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '610'
department:
- _id: DaSi
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.765151
external_id:
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title: TGFβ signaling in myeloid cells promotes lung and liver metastasis through
different mechanisms
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legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
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...