@article{12312, abstract = {Let $\ell$ be a prime number. We classify the subgroups $G$ of $\operatorname{Sp}_4(\mathbb{F}_\ell)$ and $\operatorname{GSp}_4(\mathbb{F}_\ell)$ that act irreducibly on $\mathbb{F}_\ell^4$, but such that every element of $G$ fixes an $\mathbb{F}_\ell$-vector subspace of dimension 1. We use this classification to prove that the local-global principle for isogenies of degree $\ell$ between abelian surfaces over number fields holds in many cases -- in particular, whenever the abelian surface has non-trivial endomorphisms and $\ell$ is large enough with respect to the field of definition. Finally, we prove that there exist arbitrarily large primes $\ell$ for which some abelian surface $A/\mathbb{Q}$ fails the local-global principle for isogenies of degree $\ell$.}, author = {Lombardo, Davide and Verzobio, Matteo}, issn = {1420-9020}, journal = {Selecta Mathematica}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{On the local-global principle for isogenies of abelian surfaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s00029-023-00908-0}, volume = {30}, year = {2024}, } @article{14885, abstract = {The near-surface boundary layer can mediate the response of mountain glaciers to external climate, cooling the overlying air and promoting a density-driven glacier wind. The fundamental processes are conceptually well understood, though the magnitudes of cooling and presence of glacier winds are poorly quantified in space and time, increasing the forcing uncertainty for melt models. We utilize a new data set of on-glacier meteorological measurements on three neighboring glaciers in the Swiss Alps to explore their distinct response to regional climate under the extreme 2022 summer. We find that synoptic wind origins and local terrain modifications, not only glacier size, play an important role in the ability of a glacier to cool the near-surface air. Warm air intrusions from valley or synoptically-driven winds onto the glacier can occur between ∼19% and 64% of the time and contribute between 3% and 81% of the total sensible heat flux to the surface during warm afternoon hours, depending on the fetch of the glacier flowline and its susceptibility to boundary layer erosion. In the context of extreme summer warmth, indicative of future conditions, the boundary layer cooling (up to 6.5°C cooler than its surroundings) and resultant katabatic wind flow are highly heterogeneous between the study glaciers, highlighting the complex and likely non-linear response of glaciers to an uncertain future.}, author = {Shaw, Thomas and Buri, Pascal and Mccarthy, Michael and Miles, Evan S. and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, issn = {2169-8996}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions}}, doi = {10.1029/2023JD040214}, volume = {129}, year = {2024}, } @article{14938, abstract = {High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. 
Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. 
Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr-1 at 24K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr-1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit.}, author = {Fugger, Stefan and Shaw, Thomas and Jouberton, Achille and Miles, Evan and Buri, Pascal and McCarthy, Michael and Fyffe, Catriona Louise and Fatichi, Simone and Kneib, Marin and Molnar, Peter and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, issn = {1748-9326}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, keywords = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia}}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{14213, abstract = {We introduce a method to segment the visual field into independently moving regions, trained with no ground truth or supervision. It consists of an adversarial conditional encoder-decoder architecture based on Slot Attention, modified to use the image as context to decode optical flow without attempting to reconstruct the image itself. In the resulting multi-modal representation, one modality (flow) feeds the encoder to produce separate latent codes (slots), whereas the other modality (image) conditions the decoder to generate the first (flow) from the slots. This design frees the representation from having to encode complex nuisance variability in the image due to, for instance, illumination and reflectance properties of the scene. Since customary autoencoding based on minimizing the reconstruction error does not preclude the entire flow from being encoded into a single slot, we modify the loss to an adversarial criterion based on Contextual Information Separation. The resulting min-max optimization fosters the separation of objects and their assignment to different attention slots, leading to Divided Attention, or DivA. DivA outperforms recent unsupervised multi-object motion segmentation methods while tripling run-time speed up to 104FPS and reducing the performance gap from supervised methods to 12% or less. DivA can handle different numbers of objects and different image sizes at training and test time, is invariant to permutation of object labels, and does not require explicit regularization.}, author = {Lao, Dong and Hu, Zhengyang and Locatello, Francesco and Yang, Yanchao and Soatto, Stefano}, booktitle = {1st Conference on Parsimony and Learning}, location = {Hong Kong, China}, title = {{Divided attention: Unsupervised multi-object discovery with contextually separated slots}}, year = {2024}, } @article{14980, abstract = {Precision sensing and manipulation of milligram-scale mechanical oscillators has attracted growing interest in the fields of table-top explorations of gravity and tests of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales. Torsional oscillators present an opportunity in this regard due to their remarked isolation from environmental noise. For torsional motion, an effective employment of optical cavities to enhance optomechanical interactions—as already established for linear oscillators—so far faced certain challenges. Here, we propose a concept for sensing and manipulating torsional motion, where exclusively the torsional rotations of a pendulum are mapped onto the path length of a single two-mirror optical cavity. The concept inherently alleviates many limitations of previous approaches. A proof-of-principle experiment is conducted with a rigidly controlled pendulum to explore the sensing aspects of the concept and to identify practical limitations in a potential state-of-the art setup. Based on this study, we anticipate development of precision torque sensors utilizing torsional pendulums that can support sensitivities below 10−19Nm/√Hz, while the motion of the pendulums are dominated by quantum radiation pressure noise at sub-microwatts of incoming laser power. These developments will provide horizons for experiments at the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity.}, author = {Agafonova, Sofya and Mishra, Umang and Diorico, Fritz R and Hosten, Onur}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Zigzag optical cavity for sensing and controlling torsional motion}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141}, volume = {6}, year = {2024}, } @article{14851, abstract = {Die Quantenrotation ist ein spannendes Phänomen, das in vielen verschiedenen Systemen auftritt, von Molekülen und Atomen bis hin zu subatomaren Teilchen wie Neutronen und Protonen. Durch den Einsatz von starken Laserpulsen ist es möglich, die mathematisch anspruchsvolle Topologie der Rotation von Molekülen aufzudecken und topologisch geschützte Zustände zu erzeugen, die unerwartetes Verhalten zeigen. Diese Entdeckungen könnten Auswirkungen auf die Molekülphysik und physikalische Chemie haben und die Entwicklung neuer Technologien ermöglichen. Die Verbindung von Quantenrotation und Topologie stellt ein aufregendes, interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld dar und bietet neue Wege zur Kontrolle und Nutzung von quantenmechanischen Phänomenen.}, author = {Karle, Volker and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, issn = {1521-3943}, journal = {Physik in unserer Zeit}, keywords = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science}, number = {1}, pages = {28--33}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Die faszinierende Topologie rotierender Quanten}}, doi = {10.1002/piuz.202301690}, volume = {55}, year = {2024}, } @article{14986, abstract = {We prove a version of the tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence in positive characteristic for GLn(k). Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p>n. Let X be a smooth projective curve over k with marked points, and fix a parabolic subgroup of GLn(k) at each marked point. We denote by Bunn,P the moduli stack of (quasi-)parabolic vector bundles on X, and by Locn,P the moduli stack of parabolic flat connections such that the residue is nilpotent with respect to the parabolic reduction at each marked point. We construct an equivalence between the bounded derived category Db(Qcoh(Loc0n,P)) of quasi-coherent sheaves on an open substack Loc0n,P⊂Locn,P, and the bounded derived category Db(D0Bunn,P-mod) of D0Bunn,P-modules, where D0Bunn,P is a localization of DBunn,P the sheaf of crystalline differential operators on Bunn,P. Thus we extend the work of Bezrukavnikov-Braverman to the tamely ramified case. We also prove a correspondence between flat connections on X with regular singularities and meromorphic Higgs bundles on the Frobenius twist X(1) of X with first order poles .}, author = {Shen, Shiyu}, issn = {1687-0247}, journal = {International Mathematics Research Notices}, keywords = {General Mathematics}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence in positive characteristic}}, doi = {10.1093/imrn/rnae005}, year = {2024}, } @unpublished{15016, abstract = {The development, evolution, and function of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) can be best studied using diverse model organisms. Amphibians, with their unique phylogenetic position at the transition between aquatic and terrestrial lifestyles, are valuable for understanding the origin and evolution of the tetrapod brain and spinal cord. Their metamorphic developmental transitions and unique regenerative abilities also facilitate the discovery of mechanisms for neural circuit remodeling and replacement. The genetic toolkit for amphibians, however, remains limited, with only a few species having sequenced genomes and a small number of transgenic lines available. In mammals, recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) have become a powerful alternative to genome modification for visualizing and perturbing the nervous system. AAVs are DNA viruses that enable neuronal transduction in both developing and adult animals with low toxicity and spatial, temporal, and cell-type specificity. However, AAVs have never been shown to transduce amphibian cells efficiently. To bridge this gap, we established a simple, scalable, and robust strategy to screen AAV serotypes in three distantly-related amphibian species: the frogs Xenopus laevis and Pelophylax bedriagae, and the salamander Pleurodeles waltl, in both developing larval tadpoles and post-metamorphic animals. For each species, we successfully identified at least two AAV serotypes capable of infecting the CNS; however, no pan-amphibian serotype was identified, indicating rapid evolution of AAV tropism. In addition, we developed an AAV-based strategy that targets isochronic cohorts of developing neurons – a critical tool for parsing neural circuit assembly. Finally, to enable visualization and manipulation of neural circuits, we identified AAV variants for retrograde tracing of neuronal projections in adult animals. Our findings expand the toolkit for amphibians to include AAVs, establish a generalizable workflow for AAV screening in non-canonical research organisms, generate testable hypotheses for the evolution of AAV tropism, and lay the foundation for modern cross-species comparisons of vertebrate CNS development, function, and evolution. }, author = {Jaeger, Eliza C.B. and Vijatovic, David and Deryckere, Astrid and Zorin, Nikol and Nguyen, Akemi L. and Ivanian, Georgiy and Woych, Jamie and Arnold, Rebecca C and Ortega Gurrola, Alonso and Shvartsman, Arik and Barbieri, Francesca and Toma, Florina-Alexandra and Gorbsky, Gary J. and Horb, Marko E. and Cline, Hollis T. and Shay, Timothy F. and Kelley, Darcy B. and Yamaguchi, Ayako and Shein-Idelson, Mark and Tosches, Maria Antonietta and Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians}}, doi = {10.1101/2024.02.15.580289}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15012, abstract = {We solve a problem of Dujmović and Wood (2007) by showing that a complete convex geometric graph on n vertices cannot be decomposed into fewer than n-1 star-forests, each consisting of noncrossing edges. This bound is clearly tight. We also discuss similar questions for abstract graphs.}, author = {Pach, János and Saghafian, Morteza and Schnider, Patrick}, booktitle = {31st International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization}, isbn = {9783031492716}, issn = {16113349}, location = {Isola delle Femmine, Palermo, Italy}, pages = {339--346}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Decomposition of geometric graphs into star-forests}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-49272-3_23}, volume = {14465}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15006, abstract = {Graphical games are a useful framework for modeling the interactions of (selfish) agents who are connected via an underlying topology and whose behaviors influence each other. They have wide applications ranging from computer science to economics and biology. Yet, even though an agent’s payoff only depends on the actions of their direct neighbors in graphical games, computing the Nash equilibria and making statements about the convergence time of "natural" local dynamics in particular can be highly challenging. In this work, we present a novel approach for classifying complexity of Nash equilibria in graphical games by establishing a connection to local graph algorithms, a subfield of distributed computing. In particular, we make the observation that the equilibria of graphical games are equivalent to locally verifiable labelings (LVL) in graphs; vertex labelings which are verifiable with constant-round local algorithms. This connection allows us to derive novel lower bounds on the convergence time to equilibrium of best-response dynamics in graphical games. Since we establish that distributed convergence can sometimes be provably slow, we also introduce and give bounds on an intuitive notion of "time-constrained" inefficiency of best responses. We exemplify how our results can be used in the implementation of mechanisms that ensure convergence of best responses to a Nash equilibrium. Our results thus also give insight into the convergence of strategy-proof algorithms for graphical games, which is still not well understood.}, author = {Hirvonen, Juho and Schmid, Laura and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Schmid, Stefan}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, isbn = {9783959773089}, issn = {18688969}, location = {Tokyo, Japan}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11}, volume = {286}, year = {2024}, } @article{15001, abstract = {Self-replication of amyloid fibrils via secondary nucleation is an intriguing physicochemical phenomenon in which existing fibrils catalyze the formation of their own copies. The molecular events behind this fibril surface-mediated process remain largely inaccessible to current structural and imaging techniques. Using statistical mechanics, computer modeling, and chemical kinetics, we show that the catalytic structure of the fibril surface can be inferred from the aggregation behavior in the presence and absence of a fibril-binding inhibitor. We apply our approach to the case of Alzheimer’s A amyloid fibrils formed in the presence of proSP-C Brichos inhibitors. We find that self-replication of A fibrils occurs on small catalytic sites on the fibril surface, which are far apart from each other, and each of which can be covered by a single Brichos inhibitor.}, author = {Curk, Samo and Krausser, Johannes and Meisl, Georg and Frenkel, Daan and Linse, Sara and Michaels, Thomas C.T. and Knowles, Tuomas P.J. and Šarić, Anđela}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {7}, publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Self-replication of Aβ42 aggregates occurs on small and isolated fibril sites}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2220075121}, volume = {121}, year = {2024}, } @article{15002, abstract = {The lattice Schwinger model, the discrete version of QED in 1 + 1 dimensions, is a well-studied test bench for lattice gauge theories. Here, we study the fractal properties of this model. We reveal the self-similarity of the ground state, which allows us to develop a recurrent procedure for finding the ground-state wave functions and predicting ground-state energies. We present the results of recurrently calculating ground-state wave functions using the fractal Ansatz and automized software package for fractal image processing. In certain parameter regimes, just a few terms are enough for our recurrent procedure to predict ground-state energies close to the exact ones for several hundreds of sites. Our findings pave the way to understanding the complexity of calculating many-body wave functions in terms of their fractal properties as well as finding new links between condensed matter and high-energy lattice models.}, author = {Petrova, Elena and Tiunov, Egor S. and Bañuls, Mari Carmen and Fedorov, Aleksey K.}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Fractal states of the Schwinger model}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.050401}, volume = {132}, year = {2024}, } @article{12485, abstract = {In this paper we introduce the critical variational setting for parabolic stochastic evolution equations of quasi- or semi-linear type. Our results improve many of the abstract results in the classical variational setting. In particular, we are able to replace the usual weak or local monotonicity condition by a more flexible local Lipschitz condition. Moreover, the usual growth conditions on the multiplicative noise are weakened considerably. Our new setting provides general conditions under which local and global existence and uniqueness hold. Moreover, we prove continuous dependence on the initial data. We show that many classical SPDEs, which could not be covered by the classical variational setting, do fit in the critical variational setting. In particular, this is the case for the Cahn-Hilliard equations, tamed Navier-Stokes equations, and Allen-Cahn equation.}, author = {Agresti, Antonio and Veraar, Mark}, issn = {1432-2064}, journal = {Probability Theory and Related Fields}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The critical variational setting for stochastic evolution equations}}, doi = {10.1007/s00440-023-01249-x}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15008, abstract = {Oblivious routing is a well-studied paradigm that uses static precomputed routing tables for selecting routing paths within a network. Existing oblivious routing schemes with polylogarithmic competitive ratio for general networks are tree-based, in the sense that routing is performed according to a convex combination of trees. However, this restriction to trees leads to a construction that has time quadratic in the size of the network and does not parallelize well. In this paper we study oblivious routing schemes based on electrical routing. In particular, we show that general networks with n vertices and m edges admit a routing scheme that has competitive ratio O(log² n) and consists of a convex combination of only O(√m) electrical routings. This immediately leads to an improved construction algorithm with time Õ(m^{3/2}) that can also be implemented in parallel with Õ(√m) depth.}, author = {Goranci, Gramoz and Henzinger, Monika H and Räcke, Harald and Sachdeva, Sushant and Sricharan, A. R.}, booktitle = {15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference}, isbn = {9783959773096}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Berkeley, CA, United States}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Electrical flows for polylogarithmic competitive oblivious routing}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.55}, volume = {287}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15007, abstract = {Traditional blockchains grant the miner of a block full control not only over which transactions but also their order. This constitutes a major flaw discovered with the introduction of decentralized finance and allows miners to perform MEV attacks. In this paper, we address the issue of sandwich attacks by providing a construction that takes as input a blockchain protocol and outputs a new blockchain protocol with the same security but in which sandwich attacks are not profitable. Furthermore, our protocol is fully decentralized with no trusted third parties or heavy cryptography primitives and carries a linear increase in latency and minimum computation overhead.}, author = {Alpos, Orestis and Amores-Sesar, Ignacio and Cachin, Christian and Yeo, Michelle X}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, isbn = {9783959773089}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Tokyo, Japan}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Eating sandwiches: Modular and lightweight elimination of transaction reordering attacks}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.12}, volume = {286}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{14769, abstract = {For a set of points in Rd, the Euclidean k-means problems consists of finding k centers such that the sum of distances squared from each data point to its closest center is minimized. Coresets are one the main tools developed recently to solve this problem in a big data context. They allow to compress the initial dataset while preserving its structure: running any algorithm on the coreset provides a guarantee almost equivalent to running it on the full data. In this work, we study coresets in a fully-dynamic setting: points are added and deleted with the goal to efficiently maintain a coreset with which a k-means solution can be computed. Based on an algorithm from Henzinger and Kale [ESA'20], we present an efficient and practical implementation of a fully dynamic coreset algorithm, that improves the running time by up to a factor of 20 compared to our non-optimized implementation of the algorithm by Henzinger and Kale, without sacrificing more than 7% on the quality of the k-means solution.}, author = {Henzinger, Monika H and Saulpic, David and Sidl, Leonhard}, booktitle = {2024 Proceedings of the Symposium on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments}, location = {Alexandria, VA, United States}, pages = {220--233}, publisher = {Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Experimental evaluation of fully dynamic k-means via coresets}}, doi = {10.1137/1.9781611977929.17}, year = {2024}, } @article{15009, abstract = {Since the commercialization of brine shrimp (genus Artemia) in the 1950s, this lineage, and in particular the model species Artemia franciscana, has been the subject of extensive research. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of their reproductive biology, including sex determination, is still lacking. This is partly due to the scarcity of genomic resources for Artemia species and crustaceans in general. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. franciscana (Kellogg 1906), from the Great Salt Lake, United States. The genome is 1 GB, and the majority of the genome (81%) is scaffolded into 21 linkage groups using a previously published high-density linkage map. We performed coverage and FST analyses using male and female genomic and transcriptomic reads to quantify the extent of differentiation between the Z and W chromosomes. Additionally, we quantified the expression levels in male and female heads and gonads and found further evidence for dosage compensation in this species.}, author = {Bett, Vincent K and Macon, Ariana and Vicoso, Beatriz and Elkrewi, Marwan N}, issn = {1759-6653}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation}}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae006}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, } @article{15004, abstract = {The impulsive limit (the “sudden approximation”) has been widely employed to describe the interaction between molecules and short, far-off-resonant laser pulses. This approximation assumes that the timescale of the laser-molecule interaction is significantly shorter than the internal rotational period of the molecule, resulting in the rotational motion being instantaneously “frozen” during the interaction. This simplified description of the laser-molecule interaction is incorporated in various theoretical models predicting rotational dynamics of molecules driven by short laser pulses. In this theoretical work, we develop an effective theory for ultrashort laser pulses by examining the full time-evolution operator and solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation at the operator level. Our findings reveal a critical angular momentum, lcrit, at which the impulsive limit breaks down. In other words, the validity of the sudden approximation depends not only on the pulse duration but also on its intensity, since the latter determines how many angular momentum states are populated. We explore both ultrashort multicycle (Gaussian) pulses and the somewhat less studied half-cycle pulses, which produce distinct effective potentials. We discuss the limitations of the impulsive limit and propose a method that rescales the effective matrix elements, enabling an improved and more accurate description of laser-molecule interactions.}, author = {Karle, Volker and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, issn = {2469-9934}, journal = {Physical Review A}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Modeling laser pulses as δ kicks: Reevaluating the impulsive limit in molecular rotational dynamics}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.109.023101}, volume = {109}, year = {2024}, } @misc{14705, abstract = {Since the commercialization of brine shrimp (genus Artemia) in the 1950s, this lineage, and in particular the model species Artemia franciscana, has been the subject of extensive research. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of their reproductive biology, including sex determination, are still lacking. This is partly due to the scarcity of genomic resources for Artemia species and crustaceans in general. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg 1906), from the Great Salt Lake, USA. The genome is 1GB, and the majority of the genome (81%) is scaffolded into 21 linkage groups using a previously published high-density linkage map. We performed coverage and FST analyses using male and female genomic and transcriptomic reads to quantify the extent of differentiation between the Z and W chromosomes. Additionally, we quantified the expression levels in male and female heads and gonads and found further evidence for dosage compensation in this species.}, author = {Elkrewi, Marwan N}, keywords = {sex chromosome evolution, genome assembly, dosage compensation}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data from "Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex-chromosome differentiation"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705}, year = {2024}, } @article{15018, abstract = {The epitaxial growth of a strained Ge layer, which is a promising candidate for the channel material of a hole spin qubit, has been demonstrated on 300 mm Si wafers using commercially available Si0.3Ge0.7 strain relaxed buffer (SRB) layers. The assessment of the layer and the interface qualities for a buried strained Ge layer embedded in Si0.3Ge0.7 layers is reported. The XRD reciprocal space mapping confirmed that the reduction of the growth temperature enables the 2-dimensional growth of the Ge layer fully strained with respect to the Si0.3Ge0.7. Nevertheless, dislocations at the top and/or bottom interface of the Ge layer were observed by means of electron channeling contrast imaging, suggesting the importance of the careful dislocation assessment. The interface abruptness does not depend on the selection of the precursor gases, but it is strongly influenced by the growth temperature which affects the coverage of the surface H-passivation. The mobility of 2.7 × 105 cm2/Vs is promising, while the low percolation density of 3 × 1010 /cm2 measured with a Hall-bar device at 7 K illustrates the high quality of the heterostructure thanks to the high Si0.3Ge0.7 SRB quality.}, author = {Shimura, Yosuke and Godfrin, Clement and Hikavyy, Andriy and Li, Roy and Aguilera Servin, Juan L and Katsaros, Georgios and Favia, Paola and Han, Han and Wan, Danny and de Greve, Kristiaan and Loo, Roger}, issn = {1369-8001}, journal = {Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing}, keywords = {Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications}}, doi = {10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231}, volume = {174}, year = {2024}, }