@article{8077, abstract = {The projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step for variational inequalities have been of interest to many authors recently due to the improved convergence speed contributed by the presence of inertial extrapolation step. However, it is discovered that these projection methods with inertial steps lose the Fejér monotonicity of the iterates with respect to the solution, which is being enjoyed by their corresponding non-inertial projection methods for variational inequalities. This lack of Fejér monotonicity makes projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step for variational inequalities not to converge faster than their corresponding non-inertial projection methods at times. Also, it has recently been proved that the projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step may provide convergence rates that are worse than the classical projected gradient methods for strongly convex functions. In this paper, we introduce projection methods with alternated inertial extrapolation step for solving variational inequalities. We show that the sequence of iterates generated by our methods converges weakly to a solution of the variational inequality under some appropriate conditions. The Fejér monotonicity of even subsequence is recovered in these methods and linear rate of convergence is obtained. The numerical implementations of our methods compared with some other inertial projection methods show that our method is more efficient and outperforms some of these inertial projection methods.}, author = {Shehu, Yekini and Iyiola, Olaniyi S.}, issn = {0168-9274}, journal = {Applied Numerical Mathematics}, pages = {315--337}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Projection methods with alternating inertial steps for variational inequalities: Weak and linear convergence}}, doi = {10.1016/j.apnum.2020.06.009}, volume = {157}, year = {2020}, } @article{8133, abstract = {The molecular factors which control circulating levels of inflammatory proteins are not well understood. Furthermore, association studies between molecular probes and human traits are often performed by linear model-based methods which may fail to account for complex structure and interrelationships within molecular datasets.In this study, we perform genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS/EWAS) on the levels of 70 plasma-derived inflammatory protein biomarkers in healthy older adults (Lothian Birth Cohort 1936; n = 876; Olink® inflammation panel). We employ a Bayesian framework (BayesR+) which can account for issues pertaining to data structure and unknown confounding variables (with sensitivity analyses using ordinary least squares- (OLS) and mixed model-based approaches). We identified 13 SNPs associated with 13 proteins (n = 1 SNP each) concordant across OLS and Bayesian methods. We identified 3 CpG sites spread across 3 proteins (n = 1 CpG each) that were concordant across OLS, mixed-model and Bayesian analyses. Tagged genetic variants accounted for up to 45% of variance in protein levels (for MCP2, 36% of variance alone attributable to 1 polymorphism). Methylation data accounted for up to 46% of variation in protein levels (for CXCL10). Up to 66% of variation in protein levels (for VEGFA) was explained using genetic and epigenetic data combined. We demonstrated putative causal relationships between CD6 and IL18R1 with inflammatory bowel disease and between IL12B and Crohn’s disease. Our data may aid understanding of the molecular regulation of the circulating inflammatory proteome as well as causal relationships between inflammatory mediators and disease.}, author = {Hillary, Robert F. and Trejo-Banos, Daniel and Kousathanas, Athanasios and Mccartney, Daniel L. and Harris, Sarah E. and Stevenson, Anna J. and Patxot, Marion and Ojavee, Sven Erik and Zhang, Qian and Liewald, David C. and Ritchie, Craig W. and Evans, Kathryn L. and Tucker-Drob, Elliot M. and Wray, Naomi R. and Mcrae, Allan F. and Visscher, Peter M. and Deary, Ian J. and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Marioni, Riccardo E.}, issn = {1756994X}, journal = {Genome Medicine}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Multi-method genome- and epigenome-wide studies of inflammatory protein levels in healthy older adults}}, doi = {10.1186/s13073-020-00754-1}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, } @article{8127, abstract = {Mechanistic modeling in neuroscience aims to explain observed phenomena in terms of underlying causes. However, determining which model parameters agree with complex and stochastic neural data presents a significant challenge. We address this challenge with a machine learning tool which uses deep neural density estimators—trained using model simulations—to carry out Bayesian inference and retrieve the full space of parameters compatible with raw data or selected data features. Our method is scalable in parameters and data features and can rapidly analyze new data after initial training. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of our approach on receptive fields, ion channels, and Hodgkin–Huxley models. We also characterize the space of circuit configurations giving rise to rhythmic activity in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, and use these results to derive hypotheses for underlying compensation mechanisms. Our approach will help close the gap between data-driven and theory-driven models of neural dynamics.}, author = {Gonçalves, Pedro J. and Lueckmann, Jan-Matthis and Deistler, Michael and Nonnenmacher, Marcel and Öcal, Kaan and Bassetto, Giacomo and Chintaluri, Chaitanya and Podlaski, William F. and Haddad, Sara A. and Vogels, Tim P and Greenberg, David S. and Macke, Jakob H.}, issn = {2050-084X}, journal = {eLife}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Training deep neural density estimators to identify mechanistic models of neural dynamics}}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.56261}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, } @article{8126, abstract = {Cortical areas comprise multiple types of inhibitory interneurons with stereotypical connectivity motifs, but their combined effect on postsynaptic dynamics has been largely unexplored. Here, we analyse the response of a single postsynaptic model neuron receiving tuned excitatory connections alongside inhibition from two plastic populations. Depending on the inhibitory plasticity rule, synapses remain unspecific (flat), become anti-correlated to, or mirror excitatory synapses. Crucially, the neuron’s receptive field, i.e., its response to presynaptic stimuli, depends on the modulatory state of inhibition. When both inhibitory populations are active, inhibition balances excitation, resulting in uncorrelated postsynaptic responses regardless of the inhibitory tuning profiles. Modulating the activity of a given inhibitory population produces strong correlations to either preferred or non-preferred inputs, in line with recent experimental findings showing dramatic context-dependent changes of neurons’ receptive fields. We thus confirm that a neuron’s receptive field doesn’t follow directly from the weight profiles of its presynaptic afferents.}, author = {Agnes, Everton J. and Luppi, Andrea I. and Vogels, Tim P}, issn = {1529-2401}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, number = {50}, pages = {9634--9649}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, title = {{Complementary inhibitory weight profiles emerge from plasticity and allow attentional switching of receptive fields}}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0276-20.2020}, volume = {40}, year = {2020}, } @misc{9706, abstract = {Additional file 2: Supplementary Tables. The association of pre-adjusted protein levels with biological and technical covariates. Protein levels were adjusted for age, sex, array plate and four genetic principal components (population structure) prior to analyses. Significant associations are emboldened. (Table S1). pQTLs associated with inflammatory biomarker levels from Bayesian penalised regression model (Posterior Inclusion Probability > 95%). (Table S2). All pQTLs associated with inflammatory biomarker levels from ordinary least squares regression model (P < 7.14 × 10− 10). (Table S3). Summary of lambda values relating to ordinary least squares GWAS and EWAS performed on inflammatory protein levels (n = 70) in Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. (Table S4). Conditionally significant pQTLs associated with inflammatory biomarker levels from ordinary least squares regression model (P < 7.14 × 10− 10). (Table S5). Comparison of variance explained by ordinary least squares and Bayesian penalised regression models for concordantly identified SNPs. (Table S6). Estimate of heritability for blood protein levels as well as proportion of variance explained attributable to different prior mixtures. (Table S7). Comparison of heritability estimates from Ahsan et al. (maximum likelihood) and Hillary et al. (Bayesian penalised regression). (Table S8). List of concordant SNPs identified by linear model and Bayesian penalised regression and whether they have been previously identified as eQTLs. (Table S9). Bayesian tests of colocalisation for cis pQTLs and cis eQTLs. (Table S10). Sherlock algorithm: Genes whose expression are putatively associated with circulating inflammatory proteins that harbour pQTLs. (Table S11). CpGs associated with inflammatory protein biomarkers as identified by Bayesian model (Bayesian model; Posterior Inclusion Probability > 95%). (Table S12). CpGs associated with inflammatory protein biomarkers as identified by linear model (limma) at P < 5.14 × 10− 10. (Table S13). CpGs associated with inflammatory protein biomarkers as identified by mixed linear model (OSCA) at P < 5.14 × 10− 10. (Table S14). Estimate of variance explained for blood protein levels by DNA methylation as well as proportion of explained attributable to different prior mixtures - BayesR+. (Table S15). Comparison of variance in protein levels explained by genome-wide DNA methylation data by mixed linear model (OSCA) and Bayesian penalised regression model (BayesR+). (Table S16). Variance in circulating inflammatory protein biomarker levels explained by common genetic and methylation data (joint and conditional estimates from BayesR+). Ordered by combined variance explained by genetic and epigenetic data - smallest to largest. Significant results from t-tests comparing distributions for variance explained by methylation or genetics alone versus combined estimate are emboldened. (Table S17). Genetic and epigenetic factors identified by BayesR+ when conditioning on all SNPs and CpGs together. (Table S18). Mendelian Randomisation analyses to assess whether proteins with concordantly identified genetic signals are causally associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk. (Table S19).}, author = {Hillary, Robert F. and Trejo-Banos, Daniel and Kousathanas, Athanasios and McCartney, Daniel L. and Harris, Sarah E. and Stevenson, Anna J. and Patxot, Marion and Ojavee, Sven Erik and Zhang, Qian and Liewald, David C. and Ritchie, Craig W. and Evans, Kathryn L. and Tucker-Drob, Elliot M. and Wray, Naomi R. and McRae, Allan F. and Visscher, Peter M. and Deary, Ian J. and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Marioni, Riccardo E. }, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Additional file 2 of multi-method genome- and epigenome-wide studies of inflammatory protein levels in healthy older adults}}, doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.12629697.v1}, year = {2020}, } @article{8134, abstract = {We prove an upper bound on the free energy of a two-dimensional homogeneous Bose gas in the thermodynamic limit. We show that for a2ρ ≪ 1 and βρ ≳ 1, the free energy per unit volume differs from the one of the non-interacting system by at most 4πρ2|lna2ρ|−1(2−[1−βc/β]2+) to leading order, where a is the scattering length of the two-body interaction potential, ρ is the density, β is the inverse temperature, and βc is the inverse Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless critical temperature for superfluidity. In combination with the corresponding matching lower bound proved by Deuchert et al. [Forum Math. Sigma 8, e20 (2020)], this shows equality in the asymptotic expansion.}, author = {Mayer, Simon and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {00222488}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{The free energy of the two-dimensional dilute Bose gas. II. Upper bound}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0005950}, volume = {61}, year = {2020}, } @article{8162, abstract = {In mammalian genomes, a subset of genes is regulated by genomic imprinting, resulting in silencing of one parental allele. Imprinting is essential for cerebral cortex development, but prevalence and functional impact in individual cells is unclear. Here, we determined allelic expression in cortical cell types and established a quantitative platform to interrogate imprinting in single cells. We created cells with uniparental chromosome disomy (UPD) containing two copies of either the maternal or the paternal chromosome; hence, imprinted genes will be 2-fold overexpressed or not expressed. By genetic labeling of UPD, we determined cellular phenotypes and transcriptional responses to deregulated imprinted gene expression at unprecedented single-cell resolution. We discovered an unexpected degree of cell-type specificity and a novel function of imprinting in the regulation of cortical astrocyte survival. More generally, our results suggest functional relevance of imprinted gene expression in glial astrocyte lineage and thus for generating cortical cell-type diversity.}, author = {Laukoter, Susanne and Pauler, Florian and Beattie, Robert J and Amberg, Nicole and Hansen, Andi H and Streicher, Carmen and Penz, Thomas and Bock, Christoph and Hippenmeyer, Simon}, issn = {0896-6273}, journal = {Neuron}, number = {6}, pages = {1160--1179.e9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Cell-type specificity of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex}}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.031}, volume = {107}, year = {2020}, } @article{8138, abstract = {Directional transport of the phytohormone auxin is a versatile, plant-specific mechanism regulating many aspects of plant development. The recently identified plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), are implicated in many plant traits; among others, they modify the phenotypic output of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters for fine-tuning of growth and developmental responses. Here, we show in pea and Arabidopsis that SLs target processes dependent on the canalization of auxin flow, which involves auxin feedback on PIN subcellular distribution. D14 receptor- and MAX2 F-box-mediated SL signaling inhibits the formation of auxin-conducting channels after wounding or from artificial auxin sources, during vasculature de novo formation and regeneration. At the cellular level, SLs interfere with auxin effects on PIN polar targeting, constitutive PIN trafficking as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our results identify a non-transcriptional mechanism of SL action, uncoupling auxin feedback on PIN polarity and trafficking, thereby regulating vascular tissue formation and regeneration.}, author = {Zhang, J and Mazur, E and Balla, J and Gallei, Michelle C and Kalousek, P and Medveďová, Z and Li, Y and Wang, Y and Prat, Tomas and Vasileva, Mina K and Reinöhl, V and Procházka, S and Halouzka, R and Tarkowski, P and Luschnig, C and Brewer, PB and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, pages = {3508}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Strigolactones inhibit auxin feedback on PIN-dependent auxin transport canalization}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-17252-y}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8168, abstract = {Speciation, that is, the evolution of reproductive barriers eventually leading to complete isolation, is a crucial process generating biodiversity. Recent work has contributed much to our understanding of how reproductive barriers begin to evolve, and how they are maintained in the face of gene flow. However, little is known about the transition from partial to strong reproductive isolation (RI) and the completion of speciation. We argue that the evolution of strong RI is likely to involve different processes, or new interactions among processes, compared with the evolution of the first reproductive barriers. Transition to strong RI may be brought about by changing external conditions, for example, following secondary contact. However, the increasing levels of RI themselves create opportunities for new barriers to evolve and, and interaction or coupling among barriers. These changing processes may depend on genomic architecture and leave detectable signals in the genome. We outline outstanding questions and suggest more theoretical and empirical work, considering both patterns and processes associated with strong RI, is needed to understand how speciation is completed.}, author = {Kulmuni, Jonna and Butlin, Roger K. and Lucek, Kay and Savolainen, Vincent and Westram, Anja M}, issn = {1471-2970}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological sciences}, number = {1806}, publisher = {The Royal Society}, title = {{Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers}}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0528}, volume = {375}, year = {2020}, } @article{8167, abstract = {The evolution of strong reproductive isolation (RI) is fundamental to the origins and maintenance of biological diversity, especially in situations where geographical distributions of taxa broadly overlap. But what is the history behind strong barriers currently acting in sympatry? Using whole-genome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, we inferred (i) the evolutionary relationships, (ii) the strength of RI, and (iii) the demographic history of divergence between two broadly sympatric taxa of intertidal snail. Despite being cryptic, based on external morphology, Littorina arcana and Littorina saxatilis differ in their mode of female reproduction (egg-laying versus brooding), which may generate a strong post-zygotic barrier. We show that egg-laying and brooding snails are closely related, but genetically distinct. Genotyping of 3092 snails from three locations failed to recover any recent hybrid or backcrossed individuals, confirming that RI is strong. There was, however, evidence for a very low level of asymmetrical introgression, suggesting that isolation remains incomplete. The presence of strong, asymmetrical RI was further supported by demographic analysis of these populations. Although the taxa are currently broadly sympatric, demographic modelling suggests that they initially diverged during a short period of geographical separation involving very low gene flow. Our study suggests that some geographical separation may kick-start the evolution of strong RI, facilitating subsequent coexistence of taxa in sympatry. The strength of RI needed to achieve sympatry and the subsequent effect of sympatry on RI remain open questions.}, author = {Stankowski, Sean and Westram, Anja M and Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B. and Eyres, Isobel and Broquet, Thomas and Johannesson, Kerstin and Butlin, Roger K.}, issn = {1471-2970}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences}, number = {1806}, publisher = {The Royal Society}, title = {{The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails}}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0545}, volume = {375}, year = {2020}, } @article{8170, abstract = {Alignment of OCS, CS2, and I2 molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets is measured as a function of time following rotational excitation by a nonresonant, comparatively weak ps laser pulse. The distinct peaks in the power spectra, obtained by Fourier analysis, are used to determine the rotational, B, and centrifugal distortion, D, constants. For OCS, B and D match the values known from IR spectroscopy. For CS2 and I2, they are the first experimental results reported. The alignment dynamics calculated from the gas-phase rotational Schrödinger equation, using the experimental in-droplet B and D values, agree in detail with the measurement for all three molecules. The rotational spectroscopy technique for molecules in helium droplets introduced here should apply to a range of molecules and complexes.}, author = {Chatterley, Adam S. and Christiansen, Lars and Schouder, Constant A. and Jørgensen, Anders V. and Shepperson, Benjamin and Cherepanov, Igor and Bighin, Giacomo and Zillich, Robert E. and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Stapelfeldt, Henrik}, issn = {10797114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Rotational coherence spectroscopy of molecules in Helium nanodroplets: Reconciling the time and the frequency domains}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.013001}, volume = {125}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8194, abstract = {Fixed-point arithmetic is a popular alternative to floating-point arithmetic on embedded systems. Existing work on the verification of fixed-point programs relies on custom formalizations of fixed-point arithmetic, which makes it hard to compare the described techniques or reuse the implementations. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing and formalizing an SMT theory of fixed-point arithmetic. We present an intuitive yet comprehensive syntax of the fixed-point theory, and provide formal semantics for it based on rational arithmetic. We also describe two decision procedures for this theory: one based on the theory of bit-vectors and the other on the theory of reals. We implement the two decision procedures, and evaluate our implementations using existing mature SMT solvers on a benchmark suite we created. Finally, we perform a case study of using the theory we propose to verify properties of quantized neural networks.}, author = {Baranowski, Marek and He, Shaobo and Lechner, Mathias and Nguyen, Thanh Son and Rakamarić, Zvonimir}, booktitle = {Automated Reasoning}, isbn = {9783030510732}, issn = {16113349}, location = {Paris, France}, pages = {13--31}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{An SMT theory of fixed-point arithmetic}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-51074-9_2}, volume = {12166}, year = {2020}, } @article{8220, abstract = {Understanding to what extent stem cell potential is a cell-intrinsic property or an emergent behavior coming from global tissue dynamics and geometry is a key outstanding question of systems and stem cell biology. Here, we propose a theory of stem cell dynamics as a stochastic competition for access to a spatially localized niche, giving rise to a stochastic conveyor-belt model. Cell divisions produce a steady cellular stream which advects cells away from the niche, while random rearrangements enable cells away from the niche to be favorably repositioned. Importantly, even when assuming that all cells in a tissue are molecularly equivalent, we predict a common (“universal”) functional dependence of the long-term clonal survival probability on distance from the niche, as well as the emergence of a well-defined number of functional stem cells, dependent only on the rate of random movements vs. mitosis-driven advection. We test the predictions of this theory on datasets of pubertal mammary gland tips and embryonic kidney tips, as well as homeostatic intestinal crypts. Importantly, we find good agreement for the predicted functional dependency of the competition as a function of position, and thus functional stem cell number in each organ. This argues for a key role of positional fluctuations in dictating stem cell number and dynamics, and we discuss the applicability of this theory to other settings.}, author = {Corominas-Murtra, Bernat and Scheele, Colinda L.G.J. and Kishi, Kasumi and Ellenbroek, Saskia I.J. and Simons, Benjamin D. and Van Rheenen, Jacco and Hannezo, Edouard B}, issn = {10916490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {29}, pages = {16969--16975}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Stem cell lineage survival as a noisy competition for niche access}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1921205117}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, } @article{8199, abstract = {We investigate a mechanism to transiently stabilize topological phenomena in long-lived quasi-steady states of isolated quantum many-body systems driven at low frequencies. We obtain an analytical bound for the lifetime of the quasi-steady states which is exponentially large in the inverse driving frequency. Within this lifetime, the quasi-steady state is characterized by maximum entropy subject to the constraint of fixed number of particles in the system's Floquet-Bloch bands. In such a state, all the non-universal properties of these bands are washed out, hence only the topological properties persist.}, author = {Gulden, Tobias and Berg, Erez and Rudner, Mark Spencer and Lindner, Netanel}, issn = {2542-4653}, journal = {SciPost Physics}, publisher = {SciPost Foundation}, title = {{Exponentially long lifetime of universal quasi-steady states in topological Floquet pumps}}, doi = {10.21468/scipostphys.9.1.015}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, } @article{8261, abstract = {Dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs) connect the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal CA3 region, but how they process spatial information remains enigmatic. To examine the role of GCs in spatial coding, we measured excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) in head-fixed mice running on a linear belt. Intracellular recording from morphologically identified GCs revealed that most cells were active, but activity level varied over a wide range. Whereas only ∼5% of GCs showed spatially tuned spiking, ∼50% received spatially tuned input. Thus, the GC population broadly encodes spatial information, but only a subset relays this information to the CA3 network. Fourier analysis indicated that GCs received conjunctive place-grid-like synaptic input, suggesting code conversion in single neurons. GC firing was correlated with dendritic complexity and intrinsic excitability, but not extrinsic excitatory input or dendritic cable properties. Thus, functional maturation may control input-output transformation and spatial code conversion.}, author = {Zhang, Xiaomin and Schlögl, Alois and Jonas, Peter M}, issn = {0896-6273}, journal = {Neuron}, number = {6}, pages = {1212--1225}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Selective routing of spatial information flow from input to output in hippocampal granule cells}}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.006}, volume = {107}, year = {2020}, } @article{8268, abstract = {Modern scientific instruments produce vast amounts of data, which can overwhelm the processing ability of computer systems. Lossy compression of data is an intriguing solution, but comes with its own drawbacks, such as potential signal loss, and the need for careful optimization of the compression ratio. In this work, we focus on a setting where this problem is especially acute: compressive sensing frameworks for interferometry and medical imaging. We ask the following question: can the precision of the data representation be lowered for all inputs, with recovery guarantees and practical performance Our first contribution is a theoretical analysis of the normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT) algorithm when all input data, meaning both the measurement matrix and the observation vector are quantized aggressively. We present a variant of low precision normalized IHT that, under mild conditions, can still provide recovery guarantees. The second contribution is the application of our quantization framework to radio astronomy and magnetic resonance imaging. We show that lowering the precision of the data can significantly accelerate image recovery. We evaluate our approach on telescope data and samples of brain images using CPU and FPGA implementations achieving up to a 9x speedup with negligible loss of recovery quality.}, author = {Gurel, Nezihe Merve and Kara, Kaan and Stojanov, Alen and Smith, Tyler and Lemmin, Thomas and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Puschel, Markus and Zhang, Ce}, issn = {19410476}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing}, pages = {4268--4282}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Compressive sensing using iterative hard thresholding with low precision data representation: Theory and applications}}, doi = {10.1109/TSP.2020.3010355}, volume = {68}, year = {2020}, } @article{8101, abstract = {By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature.}, author = {Grosjean, Galien M and Wald, Sebastian and Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A and Waitukaitis, Scott R}, issn = {2475-9953}, journal = {Physical Review Materials}, keywords = {electric charge, tribocharging, soft matter, granular materials, polymers}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602}, volume = {4}, year = {2020}, } @article{8325, abstract = {Let 𝐹:ℤ2→ℤ be the pointwise minimum of several linear functions. The theory of smoothing allows us to prove that under certain conditions there exists the pointwise minimal function among all integer-valued superharmonic functions coinciding with F “at infinity”. We develop such a theory to prove existence of so-called solitons (or strings) in a sandpile model, studied by S. Caracciolo, G. Paoletti, and A. Sportiello. Thus we made a step towards understanding the phenomena of the identity in the sandpile group for planar domains where solitons appear according to experiments. We prove that sandpile states, defined using our smoothing procedure, move changeless when we apply the wave operator (that is why we call them solitons), and can interact, forming triads and nodes. }, author = {Kalinin, Nikita and Shkolnikov, Mikhail}, issn = {14320916}, journal = {Communications in Mathematical Physics}, number = {9}, pages = {1649--1675}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions}}, doi = {10.1007/s00220-020-03828-8}, volume = {378}, year = {2020}, } @article{8318, abstract = {Complex I is the first and the largest enzyme of respiratory chains in bacteria and mitochondria. The mechanism which couples spatially separated transfer of electrons to proton translocation in complex I is not known. Here we report five crystal structures of T. thermophilus enzyme in complex with NADH or quinone-like compounds. We also determined cryo-EM structures of major and minor native states of the complex, differing in the position of the peripheral arm. Crystal structures show that binding of quinone-like compounds (but not of NADH) leads to a related global conformational change, accompanied by local re-arrangements propagating from the quinone site to the nearest proton channel. Normal mode and molecular dynamics analyses indicate that these are likely to represent the first steps in the proton translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that quinone binding and chemistry play a key role in the coupling mechanism of complex I.}, author = {Gutierrez-Fernandez, Javier and Kaszuba, Karol and Minhas, Gurdeep S. and Baradaran, Rozbeh and Tambalo, Margherita and Gallagher, David T. and Sazanov, Leonid A}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Key role of quinone in the mechanism of respiratory complex I}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-17957-0}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8323, author = {Pach, János}, issn = {14320444}, journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry}, pages = {571--574}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A farewell to Ricky Pollack}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-020-00237-5}, volume = {64}, year = {2020}, } @article{8336, abstract = {Plant hormone cytokinins are perceived by a subfamily of sensor histidine kinases (HKs), which via a two-component phosphorelay cascade activate transcriptional responses in the nucleus. Subcellular localization of the receptors proposed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane as a principal cytokinin perception site, while study of cytokinin transport pointed to the plasma membrane (PM)-mediated cytokinin signalling. Here, by detailed monitoring of subcellular localizations of the fluorescently labelled natural cytokinin probe and the receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/AHK4) fused to GFP reporter, we show that pools of the ER-located cytokinin receptors can enter the secretory pathway and reach the PM in cells of the root apical meristem, and the cell plate of dividing meristematic cells. Brefeldin A (BFA) experiments revealed vesicular recycling of the receptor and its accumulation in BFA compartments. We provide a revised view on cytokinin signalling and the possibility of multiple sites of perception at PM and ER.}, author = {Kubiasova, Karolina and Montesinos López, Juan C and Šamajová, Olga and Nisler, Jaroslav and Mik, Václav and Semeradova, Hana and Plíhalová, Lucie and Novák, Ondřej and Marhavý, Peter and Cavallari, Nicola and Zalabák, David and Berka, Karel and Doležal, Karel and Galuszka, Petr and Šamaj, Jozef and Strnad, Miroslav and Benková, Eva and Plíhal, Ondřej and Spíchal, Lukáš}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cytokinin fluoroprobe reveals multiple sites of cytokinin perception at plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-17949-0}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8337, abstract = {Cytokinins are mobile multifunctional plant hormones with roles in development and stress resilience. Although their Histidine Kinase receptors are substantially localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, cellular sites of cytokinin perception and importance of spatially heterogeneous cytokinin distribution continue to be debated. Here we show that cytokinin perception by plasma membrane receptors is an effective additional path for cytokinin response. Readout from a Two Component Signalling cytokinin-specific reporter (TCSn::GFP) closely matches intracellular cytokinin content in roots, yet we also find cytokinins in extracellular fluid, potentially enabling action at the cell surface. Cytokinins covalently linked to beads that could not pass the plasma membrane increased expression of both TCSn::GFP and Cytokinin Response Factors. Super-resolution microscopy of GFP-labelled receptors and diminished TCSn::GFP response to immobilised cytokinins in cytokinin receptor mutants, further indicate that receptors can function at the cell surface. We argue that dual intracellular and surface locations may augment flexibility of cytokinin responses.}, author = {Antoniadi, Ioanna and Novák, Ondřej and Gelová, Zuzana and Johnson, Alexander J and Plíhal, Ondřej and Simerský, Radim and Mik, Václav and Vain, Thomas and Mateo-Bonmatí, Eduardo and Karady, Michal and Pernisová, Markéta and Plačková, Lenka and Opassathian, Korawit and Hejátko, Jan and Robert, Stéphanie and Friml, Jiří and Doležal, Karel and Ljung, Karin and Turnbull, Colin}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cell-surface receptors enable perception of extracellular cytokinins}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-17700-9}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @misc{8067, abstract = {With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.}, author = {Varzi, Alberto and Thanner, Katharina and Scipioni, Roberto and Di Lecce, Daniele and Hassoun, Jusef and Dörfler, Susanne and Altheus, Holger and Kaskel, Stefan and Prehal, Christian and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {2664-1690}, keywords = {Battery, Lithium metal, Lithium-sulphur, Lithium-air, All-solid-state}, pages = {63}, publisher = {IST Austria}, title = {{Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067}, year = {2020}, } @article{8361, abstract = {With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.}, author = {Varzi, Alberto and Thanner, Katharina and Scipioni, Roberto and Di Lecce, Daniele and Hassoun, Jusef and Dörfler, Susanne and Altheus, Holger and Kaskel, Stefan and Prehal, Christian and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {0378-7753}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, number = {12}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803}, volume = {480}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{14028, abstract = {The present review addresses the technical advances and the theoretical developments to realize and rationalize attosecond-science experiments that reveal a new dynamical time scale (10−15-10−18 s), with a particular emphasis on molecular systems and the implications of attosecond processes for chemical dynamics. After a brief outline of the theoretical framework for treating non-perturbative phenomena in Section 2, we introduce the physical mechanisms underlying high-harmonic generation and attosecond technology. The relevant technological developments and experimental schemes are covered in Section 3. Throughout the remainder of the chapter, we report on selected applications in molecular attosecond physics, thereby addressing specific phenomena mediated by purely electronic dynamics: charge localization in molecular hydrogen, charge migration in biorelevant molecules, high-harmonic spectroscopy, and delays in molecular photoionization.}, author = {Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova and Wörner, Hans Jakob}, pages = {2002.02111}, title = {{Attosecond molecular spectroscopy and dynamics}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2002.02111}, year = {2020}, } @article{8529, abstract = {Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a Vπ as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.}, author = {Arnold, Georg M and Wulf, Matthias and Barzanjeh, Shabir and Redchenko, Elena and Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R and Hease, William J and Hassani, Farid and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8535, abstract = {We propose a method to enhance the visual detail of a water surface simulation. Our method works as a post-processing step which takes a simulation as input and increases its apparent resolution by simulating many detailed Lagrangian water waves on top of it. We extend linear water wave theory to work in non-planar domains which deform over time, and we discretize the theory using Lagrangian wave packets attached to spline curves. The method is numerically stable and trivially parallelizable, and it produces high frequency ripples with dispersive wave-like behaviors customized to the underlying fluid simulation.}, author = {Skrivan, Tomas and Soderstrom, Andreas and Johansson, John and Sprenger, Christoph and Museth, Ken and Wojtan, Christopher J}, issn = {15577368}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Wave curves: Simulating Lagrangian water waves on dynamically deforming surfaces}}, doi = {10.1145/3386569.3392466}, volume = {39}, year = {2020}, } @article{8539, abstract = {Cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases originated from the study of quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory. Restriction formula for cohomological stable bases played an important role in computing the quantum connection of cotangent bundle of partial flag varieties. In this paper we study the K-theoretic stable bases of cotangent bundles of flag varieties. We describe these bases in terms of the action of the affine Hecke algebra and the twisted group algebra of KostantKumar. Using this algebraic description and the method of root polynomials, we give a restriction formula of the stable bases. We apply it to obtain the restriction formula for partial flag varieties. We also build a relation between the stable basis and the Casselman basis in the principal series representations of the Langlands dual group. As an application, we give a closed formula for the transition matrix between Casselman basis and the characteristic functions.}, author = {Su, C. and Zhao, Gufang and Zhong, C.}, issn = {0012-9593}, journal = {Annales Scientifiques de l'Ecole Normale Superieure}, number = {3}, pages = {663--671}, publisher = {Société Mathématique de France}, title = {{On the K-theory stable bases of the springer resolution}}, doi = {10.24033/asens.2431}, volume = {53}, year = {2020}, } @misc{13056, abstract = {This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article "Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.}, author = {Arnold, Georg M and Wulf, Matthias and Barzanjeh, Shabir and Redchenko, Elena and Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R and Hease, William J and Hassani, Farid and Fink, Johannes M}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.3961561}, year = {2020}, } @article{8579, abstract = {Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for Cu homeostasis, which balance Cu supply for cuproprotein biogenesis with the need to remove excess Cu. This review summarizes our current knowledge on bacterial Cu homeostasis with a focus on Gram-negative bacteria and describes the multiple strategies that bacteria use for uptake, storage and export of Cu. We furthermore describe general mechanistic principles that aid the bacterial response to toxic Cu concentrations and illustrate dedicated Cu relay systems that facilitate Cu delivery for cuproenzyme biogenesis. Progress in understanding how bacteria avoid Cu poisoning while maintaining a certain Cu quota for cell proliferation is of particular importance for microbial pathogens because Cu is utilized by the host immune system for attenuating pathogen survival in host cells.}, author = {Andrei, Andreea and Öztürk, Yavuz and Khalfaoui-Hassani, Bahia and Rauch, Juna and Marckmann, Dorian and Trasnea, Petru Iulian and Daldal, Fevzi and Koch, Hans-Georg}, issn = {20770375}, journal = {Membranes}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Cu homeostasis in bacteria: The ins and outs}}, doi = {10.3390/membranes10090242}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{8592, abstract = {Glioblastoma is the most malignant cancer in the brain and currently incurable. It is urgent to identify effective targets for this lethal disease. Inhibition of such targets should suppress the growth of cancer cells and, ideally also precancerous cells for early prevention, but minimally affect their normal counterparts. Using genetic mouse models with neural stem cells (NSCs) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as the cells‐of‐origin/mutation, it is shown that the susceptibility of cells within the development hierarchy of glioma to the knockout of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) is determined not only by their oncogenic states, but also by their cell identities/states. Knockout of IGF1R selectively disrupts the growth of mutant and transformed, but not normal OPCs, or NSCs. The desirable outcome of IGF1R knockout on cell growth requires the mutant cells to commit to the OPC identity regardless of its development hierarchical status. At the molecular level, oncogenic mutations reprogram the cellular network of OPCs and force them to depend more on IGF1R for their growth. A new‐generation brain‐penetrable, orally available IGF1R inhibitor harnessing tumor OPCs in the brain is also developed. The findings reveal the cellular window of IGF1R targeting and establish IGF1R as an effective target for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma.}, author = {Tian, Anhao and Kang, Bo and Li, Baizhou and Qiu, Biying and Jiang, Wenhong and Shao, Fangjie and Gao, Qingqing and Liu, Rui and Cai, Chengwei and Jing, Rui and Wang, Wei and Chen, Pengxiang and Liang, Qinghui and Bao, Lili and Man, Jianghong and Wang, Yan and Shi, Yu and Li, Jin and Yang, Minmin and Wang, Lisha and Zhang, Jianmin and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Zhu, Junming and Bian, Xiuwu and Wang, Ying‐Jie and Liu, Chong}, issn = {2198-3844}, journal = {Advanced Science}, keywords = {General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, General Materials Science, Medicine (miscellaneous), General Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)}, number = {21}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Oncogenic state and cell identity combinatorially dictate the susceptibility of cells within glioma development hierarchy to IGF1R targeting}}, doi = {10.1002/advs.202001724}, volume = {7}, year = {2020}, } @article{8568, abstract = {Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential candidate to improve sustainability and performance of current battery and supercapacitor technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine, and polyiodide species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species are elusive. Here we show that electrochemical oxidation of iodide in nanoporous carbons forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In situ Raman confirms the reversible formation of triiodide and pentaiodide. In situ SAXS/WAXS indicates remarkable amounts of solid iodine deposited in the carbon nanopores. Combined with stochastic modeling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism, we demonstrate strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge, applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.}, author = {Prehal, Christian and Fitzek, Harald and Kothleitner, Gerald and Presser, Volker and Gollas, Bernhard and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Abbas, Qamar}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8643, abstract = {The parabigeminal nucleus (PBG) is the mammalian homologue to the isthmic complex of other vertebrates. Optogenetic stimulation of the PBG induces freezing and escape in mice, a result thought to be caused by a PBG projection to the central nucleus of the amygdala. However, the isthmic complex, including the PBG, has been classically considered satellite nuclei of the Superior Colliculus (SC), which upon stimulation of its medial part also triggers fear and avoidance reactions. As the PBG-SC connectivity is not well characterized, we investigated whether the topology of the PBG projection to the SC could be related to the behavioral consequences of PBG stimulation. To that end, we performed immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and neural tracer injections in the SC and PBG in a diurnal rodent, the Octodon degus. We found that all PBG neurons expressed both glutamatergic and cholinergic markers and were distributed in clearly defined anterior (aPBG) and posterior (pPBG) subdivisions. The pPBG is connected reciprocally and topographically to the ipsilateral SC, whereas the aPBG receives afferent axons from the ipsilateral SC and projected exclusively to the contralateral SC. This contralateral projection forms a dense field of terminals that is restricted to the medial SC, in correspondence with the SC representation of the aerial binocular field which, we also found, in O. degus prompted escape reactions upon looming stimulation. Therefore, this specialized topography allows binocular interactions in the SC region controlling responses to aerial predators, suggesting a link between the mechanisms by which the SC and PBG produce defensive behaviors.}, author = {Deichler, Alfonso and Carrasco, Denisse and Lopez-Jury, Luciana and Vega Zuniga, Tomas A and Marquez, Natalia and Mpodozis, Jorge and Marin, Gonzalo}, issn = {20452322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A specialized reciprocal connectivity suggests a link between the mechanisms by which the superior colliculus and parabigeminal nucleus produce defensive behaviors in rodents}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-72848-0}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{8645, abstract = {Epistasis, the context-dependence of the contribution of an amino acid substitution to fitness, is common in evolution. To detect epistasis, fitness must be measured for at least four genotypes: the reference genotype, two different single mutants and a double mutant with both of the single mutations. For higher-order epistasis of the order n, fitness has to be measured for all 2n genotypes of an n-dimensional hypercube in genotype space forming a ‘combinatorially complete dataset’. So far, only a handful of such datasets have been produced by manual curation. Concurrently, random mutagenesis experiments have produced measurements of fitness and other phenotypes in a high-throughput manner, potentially containing a number of combinatorially complete datasets. We present an effective recursive algorithm for finding all hypercube structures in random mutagenesis experimental data. To test the algorithm, we applied it to the data from a recent HIS3 protein dataset and found all 199 847 053 unique combinatorially complete genotype combinations of dimensionality ranging from 2 to 12. The algorithm may be useful for researchers looking for higher-order epistasis in their high-throughput experimental data.}, author = {Esteban, Laura A and Lonishin, Lyubov R and Bobrovskiy, Daniil M and Leleytner, Gregory and Bogatyreva, Natalya S and Kondrashov, Fyodor and Ivankov, Dmitry N }, issn = {1460-2059}, journal = {Bioinformatics}, number = {6}, pages = {1960--1962}, publisher = {Oxford Academic}, title = {{HypercubeME: Two hundred million combinatorially complete datasets from a single experiment}}, doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btz841}, volume = {36}, year = {2020}, } @article{8597, abstract = {Error analysis and data visualization of positive COVID-19 cases in 27 countries have been performed up to August 8, 2020. This survey generally observes a progression from early exponential growth transitioning to an intermediate power-law growth phase, as recently suggested by Ziff and Ziff. The occurrence of logistic growth after the power-law phase with lockdowns or social distancing may be described as an effect of avoidance. A visualization of the power-law growth exponent over short time windows is qualitatively similar to the Bhatia visualization for pandemic progression. Visualizations like these can indicate the onset of second waves and may influence social policy.}, author = {Merrin, Jack}, issn = {14783975}, journal = {Physical Biology}, number = {6}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Differences in power law growth over time and indicators of COVID-19 pandemic progression worldwide}}, doi = {10.1088/1478-3975/abb2db}, volume = {17}, year = {2020}, } @article{8674, abstract = {Extrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters expressed by perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs): this helps maintain point-to-point transmission in excitatory circuits. Memory formation in the brain is associated with synaptic remodeling, but how this affects PAPs and therefore extrasynaptic glutamate actions is poorly understood. Here, we used advanced imaging methods, in situ and in vivo, to find that a classical synaptic memory mechanism, long-term potentiation (LTP), triggers withdrawal of PAPs from potentiated synapses. Optical glutamate sensors combined with patch-clamp and 3D molecular localization reveal that LTP induction thus prompts spatial retreat of astroglial glutamate transporters, boosting glutamate spillover and NMDA-receptor-mediated inter-synaptic cross-talk. The LTP-triggered PAP withdrawal involves NKCC1 transporters and the actin-controlling protein cofilin but does not depend on major Ca2+-dependent cascades in astrocytes. We have therefore uncovered a mechanism by which a memory trace at one synapse could alter signal handling by multiple neighboring connections.}, author = {Henneberger, Christian and Bard, Lucie and Panatier, Aude and Reynolds, James P. and Kopach, Olga and Medvedev, Nikolay I. and Minge, Daniel and Herde, Michel K. and Anders, Stefanie and Kraev, Igor and Heller, Janosch P. and Rama, Sylvain and Zheng, Kaiyu and Jensen, Thomas P. and Sanchez-Romero, Inmaculada and Jackson, Colin J. and Janovjak, Harald L and Ottersen, Ole Petter and Nagelhus, Erlend Arnulf and Oliet, Stephane H.R. and Stewart, Michael G. and Nägerl, U. VAlentin and Rusakov, Dmitri A. }, issn = {10974199}, journal = {Neuron}, number = {5}, pages = {P919--936.E11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{LTP induction boosts glutamate spillover by driving withdrawal of perisynaptic astroglia}}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.030}, volume = {108}, year = {2020}, } @article{8652, abstract = {Nature creates electrons with two values of the spin projection quantum number. In certain applications, it is important to filter electrons with one spin projection from the rest. Such filtering is not trivial, since spin-dependent interactions are often weak, and cannot lead to any substantial effect. Here we propose an efficient spin filter based upon scattering from a two-dimensional crystal, which is made of aligned point magnets. The polarization of the outgoing electron flux is controlled by the crystal, and reaches maximum at specific values of the parameters. In our scheme, polarization increase is accompanied by higher reflectivity of the crystal. High transmission is feasible in scattering from a quantum cavity made of two crystals. Our findings can be used for studies of low-energy spin-dependent scattering from two-dimensional ordered structures made of magnetic atoms or aligned chiral molecules.}, author = {Ghazaryan, Areg and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Volosniev, Artem}, issn = {2399-3650}, journal = {Communications Physics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Filtering spins by scattering from a lattice of point magnets}}, doi = {10.1038/s42005-020-00445-8}, volume = {3}, year = {2020}, } @article{8669, abstract = {Pancreatic islets play an essential role in regulating blood glucose level. Although the molecular pathways underlying islet cell differentiation are beginning to be resolved, the cellular basis of islet morphogenesis and fate allocation remain unclear. By combining unbiased and targeted lineage tracing, we address the events leading to islet formation in the mouse. From the statistical analysis of clones induced at multiple embryonic timepoints, here we show that, during the secondary transition, islet formation involves the aggregation of multiple equipotent endocrine progenitors that transition from a phase of stochastic amplification by cell division into a phase of sublineage restriction and limited islet fission. Together, these results explain quantitatively the heterogeneous size distribution and degree of polyclonality of maturing islets, as well as dispersion of progenitors within and between islets. Further, our results show that, during the secondary transition, α- and β-cells are generated in a contemporary manner. Together, these findings provide insight into the cellular basis of islet development.}, author = {Sznurkowska, Magdalena K. and Hannezo, Edouard B and Azzarelli, Roberta and Chatzeli, Lemonia and Ikeda, Tatsuro and Yoshida, Shosei and Philpott, Anna and Simons, Benjamin D}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Tracing the cellular basis of islet specification in mouse pancreas}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18837-3}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8672, abstract = {Cell fate transitions are key to development and homeostasis. It is thus essential to understand the cellular mechanisms controlling fate transitions. Cell division has been implicated in fate decisions in many stem cell types, including neuronal and epithelial progenitors. In other stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, the role of division remains unclear. Here, we show that exit from naive pluripotency in mouse ES cells generally occurs after a division. We further show that exit timing is strongly correlated between sister cells, which remain connected by cytoplasmic bridges long after division, and that bridge abscission progressively accelerates as cells exit naive pluripotency. Finally, interfering with abscission impairs naive pluripotency exit, and artificially inducing abscission accelerates it. Altogether, our data indicate that a switch in the division machinery leading to faster abscission regulates pluripotency exit. Our study identifies abscission as a key cellular process coupling cell division to fate transitions.}, author = {Chaigne, Agathe and Labouesse, Céline and White, Ian J. and Agnew, Meghan and Hannezo, Edouard B and Chalut, Kevin J. and Paluch, Ewa K.}, issn = {18781551}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {2}, pages = {195--208}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Abscission couples cell division to embryonic stem cell fate}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.001}, volume = {55}, year = {2020}, } @article{8697, abstract = {In the computation of the material properties of random alloys, the method of 'special quasirandom structures' attempts to approximate the properties of the alloy on a finite volume with higher accuracy by replicating certain statistics of the random atomic lattice in the finite volume as accurately as possible. In the present work, we provide a rigorous justification for a variant of this method in the framework of the Thomas–Fermi–von Weizsäcker (TFW) model. Our approach is based on a recent analysis of a related variance reduction method in stochastic homogenization of linear elliptic PDEs and the locality properties of the TFW model. Concerning the latter, we extend an exponential locality result by Nazar and Ortner to include point charges, a result that may be of independent interest.}, author = {Fischer, Julian L and Kniely, Michael}, issn = {13616544}, journal = {Nonlinearity}, number = {11}, pages = {5733--5772}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Variance reduction for effective energies of random lattices in the Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsäcker model}}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6544/ab9728}, volume = {33}, year = {2020}, } @article{8680, abstract = {Animal development entails the organization of specific cell types in space and time, and spatial patterns must form in a robust manner. In the zebrafish spinal cord, neural progenitors form stereotypic patterns despite noisy morphogen signaling and large-scale cellular rearrangements during morphogenesis and growth. By directly measuring adhesion forces and preferences for three types of endogenous neural progenitors, we provide evidence for the differential adhesion model in which differences in intercellular adhesion mediate cell sorting. Cell type–specific combinatorial expression of different classes of cadherins (N-cadherin, cadherin 11, and protocadherin 19) results in homotypic preference ex vivo and patterning robustness in vivo. Furthermore, the differential adhesion code is regulated by the sonic hedgehog morphogen gradient. We propose that robust patterning during tissue morphogenesis results from interplay between adhesion-based self-organization and morphogen-directed patterning.}, author = {Tsai, Tony Y.-C. and Sikora, Mateusz K and Xia, Peng and Colak-Champollion, Tugba and Knaut, Holger and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J and Megason, Sean G.}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {Multidisciplinary}, number = {6512}, pages = {113--116}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{An adhesion code ensures robust pattern formation during tissue morphogenesis}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aba6637}, volume = {370}, year = {2020}, } @article{8670, abstract = {The α–z Rényi relative entropies are a two-parameter family of Rényi relative entropies that are quantum generalizations of the classical α-Rényi relative entropies. In the work [Adv. Math. 365, 107053 (2020)], we decided the full range of (α, z) for which the data processing inequality (DPI) is valid. In this paper, we give algebraic conditions for the equality in DPI. For the full range of parameters (α, z), we give necessary conditions and sufficient conditions. For most parameters, we give equivalent conditions. This generalizes and strengthens the results of Leditzky et al. [Lett. Math. Phys. 107, 61–80 (2017)].}, author = {Zhang, Haonan}, issn = {00222488}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics}, number = {10}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Equality conditions of data processing inequality for α-z Rényi relative entropies}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0022787}, volume = {61}, year = {2020}, } @article{8698, abstract = {The brain represents and reasons probabilistically about complex stimuli and motor actions using a noisy, spike-based neural code. A key building block for such neural computations, as well as the basis for supervised and unsupervised learning, is the ability to estimate the surprise or likelihood of incoming high-dimensional neural activity patterns. Despite progress in statistical modeling of neural responses and deep learning, current approaches either do not scale to large neural populations or cannot be implemented using biologically realistic mechanisms. Inspired by the sparse and random connectivity of real neuronal circuits, we present a model for neural codes that accurately estimates the likelihood of individual spiking patterns and has a straightforward, scalable, efficient, learnable, and realistic neural implementation. This model’s performance on simultaneously recorded spiking activity of >100 neurons in the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices is comparable with or better than that of state-of-the-art models. Importantly, the model can be learned using a small number of samples and using a local learning rule that utilizes noise intrinsic to neural circuits. Slower, structural changes in random connectivity, consistent with rewiring and pruning processes, further improve the efficiency and sparseness of the resulting neural representations. Our results merge insights from neuroanatomy, machine learning, and theoretical neuroscience to suggest random sparse connectivity as a key design principle for neuronal computation.}, author = {Maoz, Ori and Tkačik, Gašper and Esteki, Mohamad Saleh and Kiani, Roozbeh and Schneidman, Elad}, issn = {10916490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {40}, pages = {25066--25073}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Learning probabilistic neural representations with randomly connected circuits}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1912804117}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8704, abstract = {Traditional robotic control suits require profound task-specific knowledge for designing, building and testing control software. The rise of Deep Learning has enabled end-to-end solutions to be learned entirely from data, requiring minimal knowledge about the application area. We design a learning scheme to train end-to-end linear dynamical systems (LDS)s by gradient descent in imitation learning robotic domains. We introduce a new regularization loss component together with a learning algorithm that improves the stability of the learned autonomous system, by forcing the eigenvalues of the internal state updates of an LDS to be negative reals. We evaluate our approach on a series of real-life and simulated robotic experiments, in comparison to linear and nonlinear Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures. Our results show that our stabilizing method significantly improves test performance of LDS, enabling such linear models to match the performance of contemporary nonlinear RNN architectures. A video of the obstacle avoidance performance of our method on a mobile robot, in unseen environments, compared to other methods can be viewed at https://youtu.be/mhEsCoNao5E.}, author = {Lechner, Mathias and Hasani, Ramin and Rus, Daniela and Grosu, Radu}, booktitle = {Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation}, isbn = {9781728173955}, issn = {10504729}, location = {Paris, France}, pages = {5446--5452}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Gershgorin loss stabilizes the recurrent neural network compartment of an end-to-end robot learning scheme}}, doi = {10.1109/ICRA40945.2020.9196608}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{14096, abstract = {A binary neutron star merger has been observed in a multi-messenger detection of gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Binary neutron stars that merge within a Hubble time, as well as many other compact binaries, are expected to form via common envelope evolution. Yet five decades of research on common envelope evolution have not yet resulted in a satisfactory understanding of the multi-spatial multi-timescale evolution for the systems that lead to compact binaries. In this paper, we report on the first successful simulations of common envelope ejection leading to binary neutron star formation in 3D hydrodynamics. We simulate the dynamical inspiral phase of the interaction between a 12M⊙ red supergiant and a 1.4M⊙ neutron star for different initial separations and initial conditions. For all of our simulations, we find complete envelope ejection and final orbital separations of af≈1.3-5.1R⊙ depending on the simulation and criterion, leading to binary neutron stars that can merge within a Hubble time. We find αCE-equivalent efficiencies of ≈0.1-2.7 depending on the simulation and criterion, but this may be specific for these extended progenitors. We fully resolve the core of the star to ≲0.005R⊙ and our 3D hydrodynamics simulations are informed by an adjusted 1D analytic energy formalism and a 2D kinematics study in order to overcome the prohibitive computational cost of simulating these systems. The framework we develop in this paper can be used to simulate a wide variety of interactions between stars, from stellar mergers to common envelope episodes leading to GW sources.}, author = {Jamie A. P. Law-Smith, Jamie A. P. Law-Smith and Everson, Rosa Wallace and Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz and Mink, Selma E. de and Son, Lieke A. C. van and Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter and Zellmann, Stefan and Alejandro Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro Vigna-Gómez and Renzo, Mathieu and Wu, Samantha and Schrøder, Sophie L. and Foley, Ryan J. and Tenley Hutchinson-Smith, Tenley Hutchinson-Smith}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Successful common envelope ejection and binary neutron star formation in 3D hydrodynamics}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2011.06630}, year = {2020}, } @article{8699, abstract = {In the high spin–orbit-coupled Sr2IrO4, the high sensitivity of the ground state to the details of the local lattice structure shows a large potential for the manipulation of the functional properties by inducing local lattice distortions. We use epitaxial strain to modify the Ir–O bond geometry in Sr2IrO4 and perform momentum-dependent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the metal and at the ligand sites to unveil the response of the low-energy elementary excitations. We observe that the pseudospin-wave dispersion for tensile-strained Sr2IrO4 films displays large softening along the [h,0] direction, while along the [h,h] direction it shows hardening. This evolution reveals a renormalization of the magnetic interactions caused by a strain-driven cross-over from anisotropic to isotropic interactions between the magnetic moments. Moreover, we detect dispersive electron–hole pair excitations which shift to lower (higher) energies upon compressive (tensile) strain, manifesting a reduction (increase) in the size of the charge gap. This behavior shows an intimate coupling between charge excitations and lattice distortions in Sr2IrO4, originating from the modified hopping elements between the t2g orbitals. Our work highlights the central role played by the lattice degrees of freedom in determining both the pseudospin and charge excitations of Sr2IrO4 and provides valuable information toward the control of the ground state of complex oxides in the presence of high spin–orbit coupling.}, author = {Paris, Eugenio and Tseng, Yi and Paerschke, Ekaterina and Zhang, Wenliang and Upton, Mary H and Efimenko, Anna and Rolfs, Katharina and McNally, Daniel E and Maurel, Laura and Naamneh, Muntaser and Caputo, Marco and Strocov, Vladimir N and Wang, Zhiming and Casa, Diego and Schneider, Christof W and Pomjakushina, Ekaterina and Wohlfeld, Krzysztof and Radovic, Milan and Schmitt, Thorsten}, issn = {10916490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {40}, pages = {24764--24770}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Strain engineering of the charge and spin-orbital interactions in Sr2IrO4}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2012043117}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, } @article{8737, abstract = {Mitochondrial complex I couples NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction to proton pumping by an unknown mechanism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of ovine complex I in five different conditions, including turnover, at resolutions up to 2.3 to 2.5 angstroms. Resolved water molecules allowed us to experimentally define the proton translocation pathways. Quinone binds at three positions along the quinone cavity, as does the inhibitor rotenone that also binds within subunit ND4. Dramatic conformational changes around the quinone cavity couple the redox reaction to proton translocation during open-to-closed state transitions of the enzyme. In the induced deactive state, the open conformation is arrested by the ND6 subunit. We propose a detailed molecular coupling mechanism of complex I, which is an unexpected combination of conformational changes and electrostatic interactions.}, author = {Kampjut, Domen and Sazanov, Leonid A}, issn = {10959203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6516}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory complex I}}, doi = {10.1126/science.abc4209}, volume = {370}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8722, abstract = {Load imbalance pervasively exists in distributed deep learning training systems, either caused by the inherent imbalance in learned tasks or by the system itself. Traditional synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) achieves good accuracy for a wide variety of tasks, but relies on global synchronization to accumulate the gradients at every training step. In this paper, we propose eager-SGD, which relaxes the global synchronization for decentralized accumulation. To implement eager-SGD, we propose to use two partial collectives: solo and majority. With solo allreduce, the faster processes contribute their gradients eagerly without waiting for the slower processes, whereas with majority allreduce, at least half of the participants must contribute gradients before continuing, all without using a central parameter server. We theoretically prove the convergence of the algorithms and describe the partial collectives in detail. Experimental results on load-imbalanced environments (CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and UCF101 datasets) show that eager-SGD achieves 1.27x speedup over the state-of-the-art synchronous SGD, without losing accuracy.}, author = {Li, Shigang and Tal Ben-Nun, Tal Ben-Nun and Girolamo, Salvatore Di and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Hoefler, Torsten}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming}, location = {San Diego, CA, United States}, pages = {45--61}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Taming unbalanced training workloads in deep learning with partial collective operations}}, doi = {10.1145/3332466.3374528}, year = {2020}, } @article{8744, abstract = {Understanding the conformational sampling of translation-arrested ribosome nascent chain complexes is key to understand co-translational folding. Up to now, coupling of cysteine oxidation, disulfide bond formation and structure formation in nascent chains has remained elusive. Here, we investigate the eye-lens protein γB-crystallin in the ribosomal exit tunnel. Using mass spectrometry, theoretical simulations, dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, we show that thiol groups of cysteine residues undergo S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation and form non-native disulfide bonds. Thus, covalent modification chemistry occurs already prior to nascent chain release as the ribosome exit tunnel provides sufficient space even for disulfide bond formation which can guide protein folding.}, author = {Schulte, Linda and Mao, Jiafei and Reitz, Julian and Sreeramulu, Sridhar and Kudlinzki, Denis and Hodirnau, Victor-Valentin and Meier-Credo, Jakob and Saxena, Krishna and Buhr, Florian and Langer, Julian D. and Blackledge, Martin and Frangakis, Achilleas S. and Glaubitz, Clemens and Schwalbe, Harald}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cysteine oxidation and disulfide formation in the ribosomal exit tunnel}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19372-x}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{14095, abstract = {The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s. For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable an affordable space-based telescope mission capable of discovering and characterizing Earthlike planets orbiting nearby bright sunlike stars in order to search for signs of habitability and biosignatures. Such a mission can also be equipped with instrumentation that will enable broad and exciting general astrophysics and planetary science not possible from current or planned facilities. HabEx is a space telescope with unique imaging and multi-object spectroscopic capabilities at wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-IR. These capabilities allow for a broad suite of compelling science that cuts across the entire NASA astrophysics portfolio. HabEx has three primary science goals: (1) Seek out nearby worlds and explore their habitability; (2) Map out nearby planetary systems and understand the diversity of the worlds they contain; (3) Enable new explorations of astrophysical systems from our own solar system to external galaxies by extending our reach in the UV through near-IR. This Great Observatory science will be selected through a competed GO program, and will account for about 50% of the HabEx primary mission. The preferred HabEx architecture is a 4m, monolithic, off-axis telescope that is diffraction-limited at 0.4 microns and is in an L2 orbit. HabEx employs two starlight suppression systems: a coronagraph and a starshade, each with their own dedicated instrument.}, author = {Gaudi, B. Scott and Seager, Sara and Mennesson, Bertrand and Kiessling, Alina and Warfield, Keith and Cahoy, Kerri and Clarke, John T. and Shawn Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Domagal-Goldman and Feinberg, Lee and Guyon, Olivier and Kasdin, Jeremy and Mawet, Dimitri and Plavchan, Peter and Robinson, Tyler and Rogers, Leslie and Scowen, Paul and Somerville, Rachel and Stapelfeldt, Karl and Stark, Christopher and Stern, Daniel and Turnbull, Margaret and Amini, Rashied and Kuan, Gary and Martin, Stefan and Morgan, Rhonda and Redding, David and Stahl, H. Philip and Webb, Ryan and Oscar Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar Alvarez-Salazar and Arnold, William L. and Arya, Manan and Balasubramanian, Bala and Baysinger, Mike and Bell, Ray and Below, Chris and Benson, Jonathan and Blais, Lindsey and Booth, Jeff and Bourgeois, Robert and Bradford, Case and Brewer, Alden and Brooks, Thomas and Cady, Eric and Caldwell, Mary and Calvet, Rob and Carr, Steven and Chan, Derek and Cormarkovic, Velibor and Coste, Keith and Cox, Charlie and Danner, Rolf and Davis, Jacqueline and Dewell, Larry and Dorsett, Lisa and Dunn, Daniel and East, Matthew and Effinger, Michael and Eng, Ron and Freebury, Greg and Garcia, Jay and Gaskin, Jonathan and Greene, Suzan and Hennessy, John and Hilgemann, Evan and Hood, Brad and Holota, Wolfgang and Howe, Scott and Huang, Pei and Hull, Tony and Hunt, Ron and Hurd, Kevin and Johnson, Sandra and Kissil, Andrew and Knight, Brent and Kolenz, Daniel and Kraus, Oliver and Krist, John and Li, Mary and Lisman, Doug and Mandic, Milan and Mann, John and Marchen, Luis and Colleen Marrese-Reading, Colleen Marrese-Reading and McCready, Jonathan and McGown, Jim and Missun, Jessica and Miyaguchi, Andrew and Moore, Bradley and Nemati, Bijan and Nikzad, Shouleh and Nissen, Joel and Novicki, Megan and Perrine, Todd and Pineda, Claudia and Polanco, Otto and Putnam, Dustin and Qureshi, Atif and Richards, Michael and Riggs, A. J. Eldorado and Rodgers, Michael and Rud, Mike and Saini, Navtej and Scalisi, Dan and Scharf, Dan and Schulz, Kevin and Serabyn, Gene and Sigrist, Norbert and Sikkia, Glory and Singleton, Andrew and Shaklan, Stuart and Smith, Scott and Southerd, Bart and Stahl, Mark and Steeves, John and Sturges, Brian and Sullivan, Chris and Tang, Hao and Taras, Neil and Tesch, Jonathan and Therrell, Melissa and Tseng, Howard and Valente, Marty and Buren, David Van and Villalvazo, Juan and Warwick, Steve and Webb, David and Westerhoff, Thomas and Wofford, Rush and Wu, Gordon and Woo, Jahning and Wood, Milana and Ziemer, John and Arney, Giada and Anderson, Jay and Jesús Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús Maíz-Apellániz and Bartlett, James and Belikov, Ruslan and Bendek, Eduardo and Cenko, Brad and Douglas, Ewan and Dulz, Shannon and Evans, Chris and Faramaz, Virginie and Feng, Y. Katherina and Ferguson, Harry and Follette, Kate and Ford, Saavik and García, Miriam and Geha, Marla and Gelino, Dawn and Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter and Hildebrandt, Sergi and Hu, Renyu and Jahnke, Knud and Kennedy, Grant and Kreidberg, Laura and Isella, Andrea and Lopez, Eric and Marchis, Franck and Macri, Lucas and Marley, Mark and Matzko, William and Mazoyer, Johan and McCandliss, Stephan and Meshkat, Tiffany and Mordasini, Christoph and Morris, Patrick and Nielsen, Eric and Newman, Patrick and Petigura, Erik and Postman, Marc and Reines, Amy and Roberge, Aki and Roederer, Ian and Ruane, Garreth and Schwieterman, Edouard and Sirbu, Dan and Spalding, Christopher and Teplitz, Harry and Tumlinson, Jason and Turner, Neal and Werk, Jessica and Wofford, Aida and Wyatt, Mark and Young, Amber and Zellem, Rob}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{The habitable exoplanet observatory (HabEx) mission concept study final report}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2001.06683}, year = {2020}, }