TY - JOUR AB - Given a resolution of rational singularities π:X~→X over a field of characteristic zero, we use a Hodge-theoretic argument to prove that the image of the functor Rπ∗:Db(X~)→Db(X) between bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves generates Db(X) as a triangulated category. This gives a weak version of the Bondal–Orlov localization conjecture [BO02], answering a question from [PS21]. The same result is established more generally for proper (not necessarily birational) morphisms π:X~→X , with X~ smooth, satisfying Rπ∗(OX~)=OX . AU - Mauri, Mirko AU - Shinder, Evgeny ID - 14239 JF - Forum of Mathematics, Sigma TI - Homological Bondal-Orlov localization conjecture for rational singularities VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For the Fröhlich model of the large polaron, we prove that the ground state energy as a function of the total momentum has a unique global minimum at momentum zero. This implies the non-existence of a ground state of the translation invariant Fröhlich Hamiltonian and thus excludes the possibility of a localization transition at finite coupling. AU - Lampart, Jonas AU - Mitrouskas, David Johannes AU - Mysliwy, Krzysztof ID - 14192 IS - 3 JF - Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry KW - Geometry and Topology KW - Mathematical Physics SN - 1385-0172 TI - On the global minimum of the energy–momentum relation for the polaron VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We demonstrate that a sodium dimer, Na2(13Σ+u), residing on the surface of a helium nanodroplet, can be set into rotation by a nonresonant 1.0 ps infrared laser pulse. The time-dependent degree of alignment measured, exhibits a periodic, gradually decreasing structure that deviates qualitatively from that expected for gas-phase dimers. Comparison to alignment dynamics calculated from the time-dependent rotational Schrödinger equation shows that the deviation is due to the alignment dependent interaction between the dimer and the droplet surface. This interaction confines the dimer to the tangential plane of the droplet surface at the point where it resides and is the reason that the observed alignment dynamics is also well described by a 2D quantum rotor model. AU - Kranabetter, Lorenz AU - Kristensen, Henrik H. AU - Ghazaryan, Areg AU - Schouder, Constant A. AU - Chatterley, Adam S. AU - Janssen, Paul AU - Jensen, Frank AU - Zillich, Robert E. AU - Lemeshko, Mikhail AU - Stapelfeldt, Henrik ID - 14238 IS - 5 JF - Physical Review Letters SN - 0031-9007 TI - Nonadiabatic laser-induced alignment dynamics of molecules on a surface VL - 131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Toscana virus is a major cause of arboviral disease in humans in the Mediterranean basin during summer. However, early virus-host cell interactions and entry mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Investigating iPSC-derived human neurons and cell lines, we found that virus binding to the cell surface was specific, and 50% of bound virions were endocytosed within 10 min. Virions entered Rab5a+ early endosomes and, subsequently, Rab7a+ and LAMP-1+ late endosomal compartments. Penetration required intact late endosomes and occurred within 30 min following internalization. Virus entry relied on vacuolar acidification, with an optimal pH for viral membrane fusion at pH 5.5. The pH threshold increased to 5.8 with longer pre-exposure of virions to the slightly acidic pH in early endosomes. Strikingly, the particles remained infectious after entering late endosomes with a pH below the fusion threshold. Overall, our study establishes Toscana virus as a late-penetrating virus and reveals an atypical use of vacuolar acidity by this virus to enter host cells. AU - Koch, Jana AU - Xin, Qilin AU - Obr, Martin AU - Schäfer, Alicia AU - Rolfs, Nina AU - Anagho, Holda A. AU - Kudulyte, Aiste AU - Woltereck, Lea AU - Kummer, Susann AU - Campos, Joaquin AU - Uckeley, Zina M. AU - Bell-Sakyi, Lesley AU - Kräusslich, Hans Georg AU - Schur, Florian Km AU - Acuna, Claudio AU - Lozach, Pierre Yves ID - 14255 IS - 8 JF - PLoS Pathogens SN - 1553-7366 TI - The phenuivirus Toscana virus makes an atypical use of vacuolar acidity to enter host cells VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Lateral roots are typically maintained at non-vertical angles with respect to gravity. These gravitropic setpoint angles are intriguing because their maintenance requires that roots are able to effect growth response both with and against the gravity vector, a phenomenon previously attributed to gravitropism acting against an antigravitropic offset mechanism. Here we show how the components mediating gravitropism in the vertical primary root—PINs and phosphatases acting upon them—are reconfigured in their regulation such that lateral root growth at a range of angles can be maintained. We show that the ability of Arabidopsis lateral roots to bend both downward and upward requires the generation of auxin asymmetries and is driven by angle-dependent variation in downward gravitropic auxin flux acting against angle-independent upward, antigravitropic flux. Further, we demonstrate a symmetry in auxin distribution in lateral roots at gravitropic setpoint angle that can be traced back to a net, balanced polarization of PIN3 and PIN7 auxin transporters in the columella. These auxin fluxes are shifted by altering PIN protein phosphoregulation in the columella, either by introducing PIN3 phosphovariant versions or via manipulation of levels of the phosphatase subunit PP2A/RCN1. Finally, we show that auxin, in addition to driving lateral root directional growth, acts within the lateral root columella to induce more vertical growth by increasing RCN1 levels, causing a downward shift in PIN3 localization, thereby diminishing the magnitude of the upward, antigravitropic auxin flux. AU - Roychoudhry, S AU - Sageman-Furnas, K AU - Wolverton, C AU - Grones, Peter AU - Tan, Shutang AU - Molnar, Gergely AU - De Angelis, M AU - Goodman, HL AU - Capstaff, N AU - JPB, Lloyd AU - Mullen, J AU - Hangarter, R AU - Friml, Jiří AU - Kepinski, S ID - 14339 JF - Nature Plants SN - 2055-0278 TI - Antigravitropic PIN polarization maintains non-vertical growth in lateral roots VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mitochondrial networks remodel their connectivity, content, and subcellular localization to support optimized energy production in conditions of increased environmental or cellular stress. Microglia rely on mitochondria to respond to these stressors, however our knowledge about mitochondrial networks and their adaptations in microglia in vivo is limited. Here, we generate a mouse model that selectively labels mitochondria in microglia. We identify that mitochondrial networks are more fragmented with increased content and perinuclear localization in vitro vs. in vivo. Mitochondrial networks adapt similarly in microglia closest to the injury site after optic nerve crush. Preventing microglial UCP2 increase after injury by selective knockout induces cellular stress. This results in mitochondrial hyperfusion in male microglia, a phenotype absent in females due to circulating estrogens. Our results establish the foundation for mitochondrial network analysis of microglia in vivo, emphasizing the importance of mitochondrial-based sex effects of microglia in other pathologies. AU - Maes, Margaret E AU - Colombo, Gloria AU - Schoot Uiterkamp, Florianne E AU - Sternberg, Felix AU - Venturino, Alessandro AU - Pohl, Elena E. AU - Siegert, Sandra ID - 14363 IS - 10 JF - iScience TI - Mitochondrial network adaptations of microglia reveal sex-specific stress response after injury and UCP2 knockout VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The total energy of an eigenstate in a composite quantum system tends to be distributed equally among its constituents. We identify the quantum fluctuation around this equipartition principle in the simplest disordered quantum system consisting of linear combinations of Wigner matrices. As our main ingredient, we prove the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis and Gaussian fluctuation for general quadratic forms of the bulk eigenvectors of Wigner matrices with an arbitrary deformation. AU - Cipolloni, Giorgio AU - Erdös, László AU - Henheik, Sven Joscha AU - Kolupaiev, Oleksii ID - 14343 JF - Forum of Mathematics, Sigma TI - Gaussian fluctuations in the equipartition principle for Wigner matrices VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We introduce extension-based proofs, a class of impossibility proofs that includes valency arguments. They are modelled as an interaction between a prover and a protocol. Using proofs based on combinatorial topology, it has been shown that it is impossible to deterministically solve -set agreement among processes or approximate agreement on a cycle of length 4 among processes in a wait-free manner in asynchronous models where processes communicate using objects that can be constructed from shared registers. However, it was unknown whether proofs based on simpler techniques were possible. We show that these impossibility results cannot be obtained by extension-based proofs in the iterated snapshot model and, hence, extension-based proofs are limited in power. AU - Alistarh, Dan-Adrian AU - Aspnes, James AU - Ellen, Faith AU - Gelashvili, Rati AU - Zhu, Leqi ID - 14364 IS - 4 JF - SIAM Journal on Computing SN - 0097-5397 TI - Why extension-based proofs fail VL - 52 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For a locally finite set in R2, the order-k Brillouin tessellations form an infinite sequence of convex face-to-face tilings of the plane. If the set is coarsely dense and generic, then the corresponding infinite sequences of minimum and maximum angles are both monotonic in k. As an example, a stationary Poisson point process in R2 is locally finite, coarsely dense, and generic with probability one. For such a set, the distributions of angles in the Voronoi tessellations, Delaunay mosaics, and Brillouin tessellations are independent of the order and can be derived from the formula for angles in order-1 Delaunay mosaics given by Miles (Math. Biosci. 6, 85–127 (1970)). AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Garber, Alexey AU - Ghafari, Mohadese AU - Heiss, Teresa AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 14345 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - On angles in higher order Brillouin tessellations and related tilings in the plane ER - TY - JOUR AB - Branching morphogenesis is a ubiquitous process that gives rise to high exchange surfaces in the vasculature and epithelial organs. Lymphatic capillaries form branched networks, which play a key role in the circulation of tissue fluid and immune cells. Although mouse models and correlative patient data indicate that the lymphatic capillary density directly correlates with functional output, i.e., tissue fluid drainage and trafficking efficiency of dendritic cells, the mechanisms ensuring efficient tissue coverage remain poorly understood. Here, we use the mouse ear pinna lymphatic vessel network as a model system and combine lineage-tracing, genetic perturbations, whole-organ reconstructions and theoretical modeling to show that the dermal lymphatic capillaries tile space in an optimal, space-filling manner. This coverage is achieved by two complementary mechanisms: initial tissue invasion provides a non-optimal global scaffold via self-organized branching morphogenesis, while VEGF-C dependent side-branching from existing capillaries rapidly optimizes local coverage by directionally targeting low-density regions. With these two ingredients, we show that a minimal biophysical model can reproduce quantitatively whole-network reconstructions, across development and perturbations. Our results show that lymphatic capillary networks can exploit local self-organizing mechanisms to achieve tissue-scale optimization. AU - Ucar, Mehmet C AU - Hannezo, Edouard B AU - Tiilikainen, Emmi AU - Liaqat, Inam AU - Jakobsson, Emma AU - Nurmi, Harri AU - Vaahtomeri, Kari ID - 14378 JF - Nature Communications TI - Self-organized and directed branching results in optimal coverage in developing dermal lymphatic networks VL - 14 ER -