TY - JOUR AB - Studying the progression of the proliferative and differentiative patterns of neural stem cells at the individual cell level is crucial to the understanding of cortex development and how the disruption of such patterns can lead to malformations and neurodevelopmental diseases. However, our understanding of the precise lineage progression programme at single-cell resolution is still incomplete due to the technical variations in lineage- tracing approaches. One of the key challenges involves developing a robust theoretical framework in which we can integrate experimental observations and introduce correction factors to obtain a reliable and representative description of the temporal modulation of proliferation and differentiation. In order to obtain more conclusive insights, we carry out virtual clonal analysis using mathematical modelling and compare our results against experimental data. Using a dataset obtained with Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers, we illustrate how the theoretical description can be exploited to interpret and reconcile the disparity between virtual and experimental results. AU - Picco, Noemi AU - Hippenmeyer, Simon AU - Rodarte, Julio AU - Streicher, Carmen AU - Molnár, Zoltán AU - Maini, Philip K. AU - Woolley, Thomas E. ID - 6844 IS - 3 JF - Journal of Anatomy SN - 0021-8782 TI - A mathematical insight into cell labelling experiments for clonal analysis VL - 235 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many traits of interest are highly heritable and genetically complex, meaning that much of the variation they exhibit arises from differences at numerous loci in the genome. Complex traits and their evolution have been studied for more than a century, but only in the last decade have genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in humans begun to reveal their genetic basis. Here, we bring these threads of research together to ask how findings from GWASs can further our understanding of the processes that give rise to heritable variation in complex traits and of the genetic basis of complex trait evolution in response to changing selection pressures (i.e., of polygenic adaptation). Conversely, we ask how evolutionary thinking helps us to interpret findings from GWASs and informs related efforts of practical importance. AU - Sella, Guy AU - Barton, Nicholas H ID - 6855 JF - Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics SN - 1527-8204 TI - Thinking about the evolution of complex traits in the era of genome-wide association studies VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We discuss thermodynamic properties of harmonically trapped imperfect quantum gases. The spatial inhomogeneity of these systems imposes a redefinition of the mean-field interparticle potential energy as compared to the homogeneous case. In our approach, it takes the form a 2N2 ωd, where N is the number of particles, ω—the harmonic trap frequency, d—system’s dimensionality, and a is a parameter characterizing the interparticle interaction. We provide arguments that this model corresponds to the limiting case of a long-ranged interparticle potential of vanishingly small amplitude. This conclusion is drawn from a computation similar to the well-known Kac scaling procedure, which is presented here in a form adapted to the case of an isotropic harmonic trap. We show that within the model, the imperfect gas of trapped repulsive bosons undergoes the Bose–Einstein condensation provided d > 1. The main result of our analysis is that in d = 1 the gas of attractive imperfect fermions with a = −aF < 0 is thermodynamically equivalent to the gas of repulsive bosons with a = aB > 0 provided the parameters aF and aB fulfill the relation aB + aF = . This result supplements similar recent conclusion about thermodynamic equivalence of two-dimensional (2D) uniform imperfect repulsive Bose and attractive Fermi gases. AU - Mysliwy, Krzysztof AU - Napiórkowski, Marek ID - 6840 IS - 6 JF - Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment TI - Thermodynamics of inhomogeneous imperfect quantum gases in harmonic traps VL - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The aim of this short paper is to offer a complete characterization of all (not necessarily surjective) isometric embeddings of the Wasserstein space Wp(X), where S is a countable discrete metric space and 0