@article{8721, abstract = {Spontaneously arising channels that transport the phytohormone auxin provide positional cues for self-organizing aspects of plant development such as flexible vasculature regeneration or its patterning during leaf venation. The auxin canalization hypothesis proposes a feedback between auxin signaling and transport as the underlying mechanism, but molecular players await discovery. We identified part of the machinery that routes auxin transport. The auxin-regulated receptor CAMEL (Canalization-related Auxin-regulated Malectin-type RLK) together with CANAR (Canalization-related Receptor-like kinase) interact with and phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated PIN polarization, which macroscopically manifests as defects in leaf venation and vasculature regeneration after wounding. The CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex is part of the auxin feedback that coordinates polarization of individual cells during auxin canalization.}, author = {Hajny, Jakub and Prat, Tomas and Rydza, N and Rodriguez Solovey, Lesia and Tan, Shutang and Verstraeten, Inge and Domjan, David and Mazur, E and Smakowska-Luzan, E and Smet, W and Mor, E and Nolf, J and Yang, B and Grunewald, W and Molnar, Gergely and Belkhadir, Y and De Rybel, B and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6516}, pages = {550--557}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Receptor kinase module targets PIN-dependent auxin transport during canalization}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aba3178}, volume = {370}, year = {2020}, } @article{7968, abstract = {Organic materials are known to feature long spin-diffusion times, originating in a generally small spin–orbit coupling observed in these systems. From that perspective, chiral molecules acting as efficient spin selectors pose a puzzle that attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Here, we revisit the physical origins of chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) and propose a simple analytic minimal model to describe it. The model treats a chiral molecule as an anisotropic wire with molecular dipole moments aligned arbitrarily with respect to the wire’s axes and is therefore quite general. Importantly, it shows that the helical structure of the molecule is not necessary to observe CISS and other chiral nonhelical molecules can also be considered as potential candidates for the CISS effect. We also show that the suggested simple model captures the main characteristics of CISS observed in the experiment, without the need for additional constraints employed in the previous studies. The results pave the way for understanding other related physical phenomena where the CISS effect plays an essential role.}, author = {Ghazaryan, Areg and Paltiel, Yossi and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, issn = {1932-7455}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, number = {21}, pages = {11716--11721}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Analytic model of chiral-induced spin selectivity}}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02584}, volume = {124}, year = {2020}, } @article{10866, abstract = {Recent discoveries have shown that, when two layers of van der Waals (vdW) materials are superimposed with a relative twist angle between them, the electronic properties of the coupled system can be dramatically altered. Here, we demonstrate that a similar concept can be extended to the optics realm, particularly to propagating phonon polaritons–hybrid light-matter interactions. To do this, we fabricate stacks composed of two twisted slabs of a vdW crystal (α-MoO3) supporting anisotropic phonon polaritons (PhPs), and image the propagation of the latter when launched by localized sources. Our images reveal that, under a critical angle, the PhPs isofrequency curve undergoes a topological transition, in which the propagation of PhPs is strongly guided (canalization regime) along predetermined directions without geometric spreading. These results demonstrate a new degree of freedom (twist angle) for controlling the propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale with potential for nanoimaging, (bio)-sensing, or heat management.}, author = {Duan, Jiahua and Capote-Robayna, Nathaniel and Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier and Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo and Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan and Martín-Sánchez, Javier and Nikitin, Alexey Y. and Alonso-González, Pablo}, issn = {1530-6992}, journal = {Nano Letters}, keywords = {Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, Bioengineering}, number = {7}, pages = {5323--5329}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Twisted nano-optics: Manipulating light at the nanoscale with twisted phonon polaritonic slabs}}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, } @article{8588, abstract = {Dipolar (or spatially indirect) excitons (IXs) in semiconductor double quantum well (DQW) subjected to an electric field are neutral species with a dipole moment oriented perpendicular to the DQW plane. Here, we theoretically study interactions between IXs in stacked DQW bilayers, where the dipolar coupling can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the relative positions of the particles. By using microscopic band structure calculations to determine the electronic states forming the excitons, we show that the attractive dipolar interaction between stacked IXs deforms their electronic wave function, thereby increasing the inter-DQW interaction energy and making the IX even more electrically polarizable. Many-particle interaction effects are addressed by considering the coupling between a single IX in one of the DQWs to a cloud of IXs in the other DQW, which is modeled either as a closed-packed lattice or as a continuum IX fluid. We find that the lattice model yields IX interlayer binding energies decreasing with increasing lattice density. This behavior is due to the dominating role of the intra-DQW dipolar repulsion, which prevents more than one exciton from entering the attractive region of the inter-DQW coupling. Finally, both models shows that the single IX distorts the distribution of IXs in the adjacent DQW, thus inducing the formation of an IX dipolar polaron (dipolaron). While the interlayer binding energy reduces with IX density for lattice dipolarons, the continuous polaron model predicts a nonmonotonous dependence on density in semiquantitative agreement with a recent experimental study [cf. Hubert et al., Phys. Rev. X 9, 021026 (2019)].}, author = {Hubert, C. and Cohen, K. and Ghazaryan, Areg and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Rapaport, R. and Santos, P. V.}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Attractive interactions, molecular complexes, and polarons in coupled dipolar exciton fluids}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevb.102.045307}, volume = {102}, year = {2020}, } @article{8769, abstract = {One of the hallmarks of quantum statistics, tightly entwined with the concept of topological phases of matter, is the prediction of anyons. Although anyons are predicted to be realized in certain fractional quantum Hall systems, they have not yet been unambiguously detected in experiment. Here we introduce a simple quantum impurity model, where bosonic or fermionic impurities turn into anyons as a consequence of their interaction with the surrounding many-particle bath. A cloud of phonons dresses each impurity in such a way that it effectively attaches fluxes or vortices to it and thereby converts it into an Abelian anyon. The corresponding quantum impurity model, first, provides a different approach to the numerical solution of the many-anyon problem, along with a concrete perspective of anyons as emergent quasiparticles built from composite bosons or fermions. More importantly, the model paves the way toward realizing anyons using impurities in crystal lattices as well as ultracold gases. In particular, we consider two heavy electrons interacting with a two-dimensional lattice crystal in a magnetic field, and show that when the impurity-bath system is rotated at the cyclotron frequency, impurities behave as anyons as a consequence of the angular momentum exchange between the impurities and the bath. A possible experimental realization is proposed by identifying the statistics parameter in terms of the mean-square distance of the impurities and the magnetization of the impurity-bath system, both of which are accessible to experiment. Another proposed application is impurities immersed in a two-dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas.}, author = {Yakaboylu, Enderalp and Ghazaryan, Areg and Lundholm, D. and Rougerie, N. and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {14}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Quantum impurity model for anyons}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevb.102.144109}, volume = {102}, year = {2020}, } @article{7971, abstract = {Multilayer graphene lattices allow for an additional tunability of the band structure by the strong perpendicular electric field. In particular, the emergence of the new multiple Dirac points in ABA stacked trilayer graphene subject to strong transverse electric fields was proposed theoretically and confirmed experimentally. These new Dirac points dubbed “gullies” emerge from the interplay between strong electric field and trigonal warping. In this work, we first characterize the properties of new emergent Dirac points and show that the electric field can be used to tune the distance between gullies in the momentum space. We demonstrate that the band structure has multiple Lifshitz transitions and higher-order singularity of “monkey saddle” type. Following the characterization of the band structure, we consider the spectrum of Landau levels and structure of their wave functions. In the limit of strong electric fields when gullies are well separated in momentum space, they give rise to triply degenerate Landau levels. In the second part of this work, we investigate how degeneracy between three gully Landau levels is lifted in the presence of interactions. Within the Hartree-Fock approximation we show that the symmetry breaking state interpolates between the fully gully polarized state that breaks C3 symmetry at high displacement field and the gully symmetric state when the electric field is decreased. The discontinuous transition between these two states is driven by enhanced intergully tunneling and exchange. We conclude by outlining specific experimental predictions for the existence of such a symmetry-breaking state.}, author = {Rao, Peng and Serbyn, Maksym}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {24}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Gully quantum Hall ferromagnetism in biased trilayer graphene}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevb.101.245411}, volume = {101}, year = {2020}, } @article{8634, abstract = {In laboratory studies and numerical simulations, we observe clear signatures of unstable time-periodic solutions in a moderately turbulent quasi-two-dimensional flow. We validate the dynamical relevance of such solutions by demonstrating that turbulent flows in both experiment and numerics transiently display time-periodic dynamics when they shadow unstable periodic orbits (UPOs). We show that UPOs we computed are also statistically significant, with turbulent flows spending a sizable fraction of the total time near these solutions. As a result, the average rates of energy input and dissipation for the turbulent flow and frequently visited UPOs differ only by a few percent.}, author = {Suri, Balachandra and Kageorge, Logan and Grigoriev, Roman O. and Schatz, Michael F.}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, keywords = {General Physics and Astronomy}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Capturing turbulent dynamics and statistics in experiments with unstable periodic orbits}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.125.064501}, volume = {125}, year = {2020}, } @article{7949, abstract = {Peptides derived from non-functional precursors play important roles in various developmental processes, but also in (a)biotic stress signaling. Our (phospho)proteome-wide analyses of C-terminally encoded peptide 5 (CEP5)-mediated changes revealed an impact on abiotic stress-related processes. Drought has a dramatic impact on plant growth, development and reproduction, and the plant hormone auxin plays a role in drought responses. Our genetic, physiological, biochemical and pharmacological results demonstrated that CEP5-mediated signaling is relevant for osmotic and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, and that CEP5 specifically counteracts auxin effects. Specifically, we found that CEP5 signaling stabilizes AUX/IAA transcriptional repressors, suggesting the existence of a novel peptide-dependent control mechanism that tunes auxin signaling. These observations align with the recently described role of AUX/IAAs in stress tolerance and provide a novel role for CEP5 in osmotic and drought stress tolerance.}, author = {Smith, S and Zhu, S and Joos, L and Roberts, I and Nikonorova, N and Vu, LD and Stes, E and Cho, H and Larrieu, A and Xuan, W and Goodall, B and van de Cotte, B and Waite, JM and Rigal, A and R Harborough, SR and Persiau, G and Vanneste, S and Kirschner, GK and Vandermarliere, E and Martens, L and Stahl, Y and Audenaert, D and Friml, Jiří and Felix, G and Simon, R and Bennett, M and Bishopp, A and De Jaeger, G and Ljung, K and Kepinski, S and Robert, S and Nemhauser, J and Hwang, I and Gevaert, K and Beeckman, T and De Smet, I}, issn = {1535-9484}, journal = {Molecular & Cellular Proteomics}, number = {8}, pages = {1248--1262}, publisher = {American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, title = {{The CEP5 peptide promotes abiotic stress tolerance, as revealed by quantitative proteomics, and attenuates the AUX/IAA equilibrium in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1074/mcp.ra119.001826}, volume = {19}, year = {2020}, } @article{7619, abstract = {Cell polarity is a fundamental feature of all multicellular organisms. In plants, prominent cell polarity markers are PIN auxin transporters crucial for plant development. To identify novel components involved in cell polarity establishment and maintenance, we carried out a forward genetic screening with PIN2:PIN1-HA;pin2 Arabidopsis plants, which ectopically express predominantly basally localized PIN1 in the root epidermal cells leading to agravitropic root growth. From the screen, we identified the regulator of PIN polarity 12 (repp12) mutation, which restored gravitropic root growth and caused PIN1-HA polarity switch from basal to apical side of root epidermal cells. Complementation experiments established the repp12 causative mutation as an amino acid substitution in Aminophospholipid ATPase3 (ALA3), a phospholipid flippase with predicted function in vesicle formation. ala3 T-DNA mutants show defects in many auxin-regulated processes, in asymmetric auxin distribution and in PIN trafficking. Analysis of quintuple and sextuple mutants confirmed a crucial role of ALA proteins in regulating plant development and in PIN trafficking and polarity. Genetic and physical interaction studies revealed that ALA3 functions together with GNOM and BIG3 ARF GEFs. Taken together, our results identified ALA3 flippase as an important interactor and regulator of ARF GEF functioning in PIN polarity, trafficking and auxin-mediated development.}, author = {Zhang, Xixi and Adamowski, Maciek and Marhavá, Petra and Tan, Shutang and Zhang, Yuzhou and Rodriguez Solovey, Lesia and Zwiewka, Marta and Pukyšová, Vendula and Sánchez, Adrià Sans and Raxwal, Vivek Kumar and Hardtke, Christian S. and Nodzynski, Tomasz and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1532-298X}, journal = {The Plant Cell}, number = {5}, pages = {1644--1664}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Arabidopsis flippases cooperate with ARF GTPase exchange factors to regulate the trafficking and polarity of PIN auxin transporters}}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.19.00869}, volume = {32}, year = {2020}, } @article{8607, abstract = {Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and its core endocytic machinery are evolutionarily conserved across all eukaryotes. In mammals, the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) sorts plasma membrane (PM) cargoes into vesicles through the recognition of motifs based on tyrosine or di-leucine in their cytoplasmic tails. However, in plants, very little is known on how PM proteins are sorted for CME and whether similar motifs are required. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor, BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), undergoes endocytosis that depends on clathrin and AP-2. Here we demonstrate that BRI1 binds directly to the medium AP-2 subunit, AP2M. The cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 contains five putative canonical surface-exposed tyrosine-based endocytic motifs. The tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitution in Y898KAI reduced BRI1 internalization without affecting its kinase activity. Consistently, plants carrying the BRI1Y898F mutation were hypersensitive to BRs. Our study demonstrates that AP-2-dependent internalization of PM proteins via the recognition of functional tyrosine motifs also operates in plants.}, author = {Liu, D and Kumar, R and LAN, Claus and Johnson, Alexander J and Siao, W and Vanhoutte, I and Wang, P and Bender, KW and Yperman, K and Martins, S and Zhao, X and Vert, G and Van Damme, D and Friml, Jiří and Russinova, E}, issn = {1532-298x}, journal = {Plant Cell}, number = {11}, pages = {3598--3612}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Endocytosis of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 is partly driven by a canonical tyrosine-based Motif}}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.20.00384}, volume = {32}, year = {2020}, } @article{7695, abstract = {The TPLATE complex (TPC) is a key endocytic adaptor protein complex in plants. TPC in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains six evolutionarily conserved subunits and two plant-specific subunits, AtEH1/Pan1 and AtEH2/Pan1, although cytoplasmic proteins are not associated with the hexameric subcomplex in the cytoplasm. To investigate the dynamic assembly of the octameric TPC at the plasma membrane (PM), we performed state-of-the-art dual-color live cell imaging at physiological and lowered temperatures. Lowering the temperature slowed down endocytosis, thereby enhancing the temporal resolution of the differential recruitment of endocytic components. Under both normal and lowered temperature conditions, the core TPC subunit TPLATE and the AtEH/Pan1 proteins exhibited simultaneous recruitment at the PM. These results, together with co-localization analysis of different TPC subunits, allow us to conclude that TPC in plant cells is not recruited to the PM sequentially but as an octameric complex.}, author = {Wang, J and Mylle, E and Johnson, Alexander J and Besbrugge, N and De Jaeger, G and Friml, Jiří and Pleskot, R and van Damme, D}, issn = {1532-2548}, journal = {Plant Physiology}, number = {3}, pages = {986--997}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{High temporal resolution reveals simultaneous plasma membrane recruitment of TPLATE complex subunits}}, doi = {10.1104/pp.20.00178}, volume = {183}, year = {2020}, } @article{8142, abstract = {Cell production and differentiation for the acquisition of specific functions are key features of living systems. The dynamic network of cellular microtubules provides the necessary platform to accommodate processes associated with the transition of cells through the individual phases of cytogenesis. Here, we show that the plant hormone cytokinin fine‐tunes the activity of the microtubular cytoskeleton during cell differentiation and counteracts microtubular rearrangements driven by the hormone auxin. The endogenous upward gradient of cytokinin activity along the longitudinal growth axis in Arabidopsis thaliana roots correlates with robust rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton in epidermal cells progressing from the proliferative to the differentiation stage. Controlled increases in cytokinin activity result in premature re‐organization of the microtubule network from transversal to an oblique disposition in cells prior to their differentiation, whereas attenuated hormone perception delays cytoskeleton conversion into a configuration typical for differentiated cells. Intriguingly, cytokinin can interfere with microtubules also in animal cells, such as leukocytes, suggesting that a cytokinin‐sensitive control pathway for the microtubular cytoskeleton may be at least partially conserved between plant and animal cells.}, author = {Montesinos López, Juan C and Abuzeineh, A and Kopf, Aglaja and Juanes Garcia, Alba and Ötvös, Krisztina and Petrášek, J and Sixt, Michael K and Benková, Eva}, issn = {1460-2075}, journal = {The Embo Journal}, number = {17}, publisher = {Embo Press}, title = {{Phytohormone cytokinin guides microtubule dynamics during cell progression from proliferative to differentiated stage}}, doi = {10.15252/embj.2019104238}, volume = {39}, year = {2020}, } @article{8084, abstract = {Origin and functions of intermittent transitions among sleep stages, including brief awakenings and arousals, constitute a challenge to the current homeostatic framework for sleep regulation, focusing on factors modulating sleep over large time scales. Here we propose that the complex micro-architecture characterizing sleep on scales of seconds and minutes results from intrinsic non-equilibrium critical dynamics. We investigate θ- and δ-wave dynamics in control rats and in rats where the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is lesioned (male Sprague-Dawley rats). We demonstrate that bursts in θ and δ cortical rhythms exhibit complex temporal organization, with long-range correlations and robust duality of power-law (θ-bursts, active phase) and exponential-like (δ-bursts, quiescent phase) duration distributions, features typical of non-equilibrium systems self-organizing at criticality. We show that such non-equilibrium behavior relates to anti-correlated coupling between θ- and δ-bursts, persists across a range of time scales, and is independent of the dominant physiologic state; indications of a basic principle in sleep regulation. Further, we find that VLPO lesions lead to a modulation of cortical dynamics resulting in altered dynamical parameters of θ- and δ-bursts and significant reduction in θ–δ coupling. Our empirical findings and model simulations demonstrate that θ–δ coupling is essential for the emerging non-equilibrium critical dynamics observed across the sleep–wake cycle, and indicate that VLPO neurons may have dual role for both sleep and arousal/brief wake activation. The uncovered critical behavior in sleep- and wake-related cortical rhythms indicates a mechanism essential for the micro-architecture of spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions within a novel, non-homeostatic paradigm of sleep regulation.}, author = {Lombardi, Fabrizio and Gómez-Extremera, Manuel and Bernaola-Galván, Pedro and Vetrivelan, Ramalingam and Saper, Clifford B. and Scammell, Thomas E. and Ivanov, Plamen Ch.}, issn = {1529-2401}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, number = {1}, pages = {171--190}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, title = {{Critical dynamics and coupling in bursts of cortical rhythms indicate non-homeostatic mechanism for sleep-stage transitions and dual role of VLPO neurons in both sleep and wake}}, doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.1278-19.2019}, volume = {40}, year = {2020}, } @article{7650, abstract = {We consider a dilute, homogeneous Bose gas at positive temperature. The system is investigated in the Gross–Pitaevskii limit, where the scattering length a is so small that the interaction energy is of the same order of magnitude as the spectral gap of the Laplacian, and for temperatures that are comparable to the critical temperature of the ideal gas. We show that the difference between the specific free energy of the interacting system and the one of the ideal gas is to leading order given by 4πa(2ϱ2−ϱ20). Here ϱ denotes the density of the system and ϱ0 is the expected condensate density of the ideal gas. Additionally, we show that the one-particle density matrix of any approximate minimizer of the Gibbs free energy functional is to leading order given by the one of the ideal gas. This in particular proves Bose–Einstein condensation with critical temperature given by the one of the ideal gas to leading order. One key ingredient of our proof is a novel use of the Gibbs variational principle that goes hand in hand with the c-number substitution.}, author = {Deuchert, Andreas and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, number = {6}, pages = {1217--1271}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Gross-Pitaevskii limit of a homogeneous Bose gas at positive temperature}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-020-01489-4}, volume = {236}, year = {2020}, } @article{8130, abstract = {We study the dynamics of a system of N interacting bosons in a disc-shaped trap, which is realised by an external potential that confines the bosons in one spatial dimension to an interval of length of order ε. The interaction is non-negative and scaled in such a way that its scattering length is of order ε/N, while its range is proportional to (ε/N)β with scaling parameter β∈(0,1]. We consider the simultaneous limit (N,ε)→(∞,0) and assume that the system initially exhibits Bose–Einstein condensation. We prove that condensation is preserved by the N-body dynamics, where the time-evolved condensate wave function is the solution of a two-dimensional non-linear equation. The strength of the non-linearity depends on the scaling parameter β. For β∈(0,1), we obtain a cubic defocusing non-linear Schrödinger equation, while the choice β=1 yields a Gross–Pitaevskii equation featuring the scattering length of the interaction. In both cases, the coupling parameter depends on the confining potential.}, author = {Bossmann, Lea}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, number = {11}, pages = {541--606}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Derivation of the 2d Gross–Pitaevskii equation for strongly confined 3d Bosons}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-020-01548-w}, volume = {238}, year = {2020}, } @article{7235, abstract = {We consider the Fröhlich model of a polaron, and show that its effective mass diverges in thestrong coupling limit.}, author = {Lieb, Elliott H. and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1572-9613}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, pages = {23--33}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Divergence of the effective mass of a polaron in the strong coupling limit}}, doi = {10.1007/s10955-019-02322-3}, volume = {180}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{7966, abstract = {For 1≤m≤n, we consider a natural m-out-of-n multi-instance scenario for a public-key encryption (PKE) scheme. An adversary, given n independent instances of PKE, wins if he breaks at least m out of the n instances. In this work, we are interested in the scaling factor of PKE schemes, SF, which measures how well the difficulty of breaking m out of the n instances scales in m. That is, a scaling factor SF=ℓ indicates that breaking m out of n instances is at least ℓ times more difficult than breaking one single instance. A PKE scheme with small scaling factor hence provides an ideal target for mass surveillance. In fact, the Logjam attack (CCS 2015) implicitly exploited, among other things, an almost constant scaling factor of ElGamal over finite fields (with shared group parameters). For Hashed ElGamal over elliptic curves, we use the generic group model to argue that the scaling factor depends on the scheme's granularity. In low granularity, meaning each public key contains its independent group parameter, the scheme has optimal scaling factor SF=m; In medium and high granularity, meaning all public keys share the same group parameter, the scheme still has a reasonable scaling factor SF=√m. Our findings underline that instantiating ElGamal over elliptic curves should be preferred to finite fields in a multi-instance scenario. As our main technical contribution, we derive new generic-group lower bounds of Ω(√(mp)) on the difficulty of solving both the m-out-of-n Gap Discrete Logarithm and the m-out-of-n Gap Computational Diffie-Hellman problem over groups of prime order p, extending a recent result by Yun (EUROCRYPT 2015). We establish the lower bound by studying the hardness of a related computational problem which we call the search-by-hypersurface problem.}, author = {Auerbach, Benedikt and Giacon, Federico and Kiltz, Eike}, booktitle = {Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2020}, isbn = {9783030457266}, issn = {1611-3349}, pages = {475--506}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Everybody’s a target: Scalability in public-key encryption}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-45727-3_16}, volume = {12107}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8623, abstract = {We introduce the monitoring of trace properties under assumptions. An assumption limits the space of possible traces that the monitor may encounter. An assumption may result from knowledge about the system that is being monitored, about the environment, or about another, connected monitor. We define monitorability under assumptions and study its theoretical properties. In particular, we show that for every assumption A, the boolean combinations of properties that are safe or co-safe relative to A are monitorable under A. We give several examples and constructions on how an assumption can make a non-monitorable property monitorable, and how an assumption can make a monitorable property monitorable with fewer resources, such as integer registers.}, author = {Henzinger, Thomas A and Sarac, Naci E}, booktitle = {Runtime Verification}, isbn = {9783030605070}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Los Angeles, CA, United States}, pages = {3--18}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Monitorability under assumptions}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-60508-7_1}, volume = {12399}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{10865, abstract = {We introduce the notion of Witness Maps as a cryptographic notion of a proof system. A Unique Witness Map (UWM) deterministically maps all witnesses for an NP statement to a single representative witness, resulting in a computationally sound, deterministic-prover, non-interactive witness independent proof system. A relaxation of UWM, called Compact Witness Map (CWM), maps all the witnesses to a small number of witnesses, resulting in a “lossy” deterministic-prover, non-interactive proof-system. We also define a Dual Mode Witness Map (DMWM) which adds an “extractable” mode to a CWM. Our main construction is a DMWM for all NP relations, assuming sub-exponentially secure indistinguishability obfuscation ( iO ), along with standard cryptographic assumptions. The DMWM construction relies on a CWM and a new primitive called Cumulative All-Lossy-But-One Trapdoor Functions (C-ALBO-TDF), both of which are in turn instantiated based on iO and other primitives. Our instantiation of a CWM is in fact a UWM; in turn, we show that a UWM implies Witness Encryption. Along the way to constructing UWM and C-ALBO-TDF, we also construct, from standard assumptions, Puncturable Digital Signatures and a new primitive called Cumulative Lossy Trapdoor Functions (C-LTDF). The former improves up on a construction of Bellare et al. (Eurocrypt 2016), who relied on sub-exponentially secure iO and sub-exponentially secure OWF. As an application of our constructions, we show how to use a DMWM to construct the first leakage and tamper-resilient signatures with a deterministic signer, thereby solving a decade old open problem posed by Katz and Vaikunthanathan (Asiacrypt 2009), by Boyle, Segev and Wichs (Eurocrypt 2011), as well as by Faonio and Venturi (Asiacrypt 2016). Our construction achieves the optimal leakage rate of 1−o(1) .}, author = {Chakraborty, Suvradip and Prabhakaran, Manoj and Wichs, Daniel}, booktitle = {Public-Key Cryptography}, editor = {Kiayias, A}, isbn = {9783030453732}, issn = {1611-3349}, pages = {220--246}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Witness maps and applications}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-45374-9_8}, volume = {12110}, year = {2020}, } @article{7611, abstract = {We consider a system of N bosons in the limit N→∞, interacting through singular potentials. For initial data exhibiting Bose–Einstein condensation, the many-body time evolution is well approximated through a quadratic fluctuation dynamics around a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation of the condensate wave function. We show that these fluctuations satisfy a (multi-variate) central limit theorem.}, author = {Rademacher, Simone Anna Elvira}, issn = {1573-0530}, journal = {Letters in Mathematical Physics}, pages = {2143--2174}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Central limit theorem for Bose gases interacting through singular potentials}}, doi = {10.1007/s11005-020-01286-w}, volume = {110}, year = {2020}, }