@article{401, abstract = {The actomyosin cytoskeleton, a key stress-producing unit in epithelial cells, oscillates spontaneously in a wide variety of systems. Although much of the signal cascade regulating myosin activity has been characterized, the origin of such oscillatory behavior is still unclear. Here, we show that basal myosin II oscillation in Drosophila ovarian epithelium is not controlled by actomyosin cortical tension, but instead relies on a biochemical oscillator involving ROCK and myosin phosphatase. Key to this oscillation is a diffusive ROCK flow, linking junctional Rho1 to medial actomyosin cortex, and dynamically maintained by a self-activation loop reliant on ROCK kinase activity. In response to the resulting myosin II recruitment, myosin phosphatase is locally enriched and shuts off ROCK and myosin II signals. Coupling Drosophila genetics, live imaging, modeling, and optogenetics, we uncover an intrinsic biochemical oscillator at the core of myosin II regulatory network, shedding light on the spatio-temporal dynamics of force generation.}, author = {Qin, Xiang and Hannezo, Edouard B and Mangeat, Thomas and Liu, Chang and Majumder, Pralay and Liu, Jjiaying and Choesmel Cadamuro, Valerie and Mcdonald, Jocelyn and Liu, Yinyao and Yi, Bin and Wang, Xiaobo}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{A biochemical network controlling basal myosin oscillation}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-03574-5}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, } @article{318, abstract = {The insect’s fat body combines metabolic and immunological functions. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Franz et al. (2018) show that in Drosophila, cells of the fat body are not static, but can actively “swim” toward sites of epithelial injury, where they physically clog the wound and locally secrete antimicrobial peptides.}, author = {Casano, Alessandra M and Sixt, Michael K}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {4}, pages = {405 -- 406}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{A fat lot of good for wound healing}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.009}, volume = {44}, year = {2018}, } @article{410, abstract = {Lesion verification and quantification is traditionally done via histological examination of sectioned brains, a time-consuming process that relies heavily on manual estimation. Such methods are particularly problematic in posterior cortical regions (e.g. visual cortex), where sectioning leads to significant damage and distortion of tissue. Even more challenging is the post hoc localization of micro-electrodes, which relies on the same techniques, suffers from similar drawbacks and requires even higher precision. Here, we propose a new, simple method for quantitative lesion characterization and electrode localization that is less labor-intensive and yields more detailed results than conventional methods. We leverage staining techniques standard in electron microscopy with the use of commodity micro-CT imaging. We stain whole rat and zebra finch brains in osmium tetroxide, embed these in resin and scan entire brains in a micro-CT machine. The scans result in 3D reconstructions of the brains with section thickness dependent on sample size (12–15 and 5–6 microns for rat and zebra finch respectively) that can be segmented manually or automatically. Because the method captures the entire intact brain volume, comparisons within and across studies are more tractable, and the extent of lesions and electrodes may be studied with higher accuracy than with current methods.}, author = {Masís, Javier and Mankus, David and Wolff, Steffen and Guitchounts, Grigori and Jösch, Maximilian A and Cox, David}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{A micro-CT-based method for quantitative brain lesion characterization and electrode localization}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-23247-z}, volume = {8}, year = {2018}, } @article{277, abstract = {Arabidopsis and human ARM protein interact with telomerase. Deregulated mRNA levels of DNA repair and ribosomal protein genes in an Arabidopsis arm mutant suggest non-telomeric ARM function. The human homolog ARMC6 interacts with hTRF2. Abstract: Telomerase maintains telomeres and has proposed non-telomeric functions. We previously identified interaction of the C-terminal domain of Arabidopsis telomerase reverse transcriptase (AtTERT) with an armadillo/β-catenin-like repeat (ARM) containing protein. Here we explore protein–protein interactions of the ARM protein, AtTERT domains, POT1a, TRF-like family and SMH family proteins, and the chromatin remodeling protein CHR19 using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation. The ARM protein interacts with both the N- and C-terminal domains of AtTERT in different cellular compartments. ARM interacts with CHR19 and TRF-like I family proteins that also bind AtTERT directly or through interaction with POT1a. The putative human ARM homolog co-precipitates telomerase activity and interacts with hTRF2 protein in vitro. Analysis of Arabidopsis arm mutants shows no obvious changes in telomere length or telomerase activity, suggesting that ARM is not essential for telomere maintenance. The observed interactions with telomerase and Myb-like domain proteins (TRF-like family I) may therefore reflect possible non-telomeric functions. Transcript levels of several DNA repair and ribosomal genes are affected in arm mutants, and ARM, likely in association with other proteins, suppressed expression of XRCC3 and RPSAA promoter constructs in luciferase reporter assays. In conclusion, ARM can participate in non-telomeric functions of telomerase, and can also perform its own telomerase-independent functions.}, author = {Dokládal, Ladislav and Benková, Eva and Honys, David and Dupláková, Nikoleta and Lee, Lan and Gelvin, Stanton and Sýkorová, Eva}, journal = {Plant Molecular Biology}, number = {5}, pages = {407 -- 420}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{An armadillo-domain protein participates in a telomerase interaction network}}, doi = {10.1007/s11103-018-0747-4}, volume = {97}, year = {2018}, } @inproceedings{299, abstract = {We introduce in this paper AMT 2.0 , a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hybrid continuous and Boolean signals that combine numerical values and discrete events. The evaluation of the signals is based on rich temporal specifications expressed in extended Signal Temporal Logic (xSTL), which integrates Timed Regular Expressions (TRE) within Signal Temporal Logic (STL). The tool features qualitative monitoring (property satisfaction checking), trace diagnostics for explaining and justifying property violations and specification-driven measurement of quantitative features of the signal.}, author = {Nickovic, Dejan and Lebeltel, Olivier and Maler, Oded and Ferrere, Thomas and Ulus, Dogan}, editor = {Beyer, Dirk and Huisman, Marieke}, location = {Thessaloniki, Greece}, pages = {303 -- 319}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-89963-3_18}, volume = {10806}, year = {2018}, } @article{413, abstract = {Being cared for when sick is a benefit of sociality that can reduce disease and improve survival of group members. However, individuals providing care risk contracting infectious diseases themselves. If they contract a low pathogen dose, they may develop low-level infections that do not cause disease but still affect host immunity by either decreasing or increasing the host’s vulnerability to subsequent infections. Caring for contagious individuals can thus significantly alter the future disease susceptibility of caregivers. Using ants and their fungal pathogens as a model system, we tested if the altered disease susceptibility of experienced caregivers, in turn, affects their expression of sanitary care behavior. We found that low-level infections contracted during sanitary care had protective or neutral effects on secondary exposure to the same (homologous) pathogen but consistently caused high mortality on superinfection with a different (heterologous) pathogen. In response to this risk, the ants selectively adjusted the expression of their sanitary care. Specifically, the ants performed less grooming and more antimicrobial disinfection when caring for nestmates contaminated with heterologous pathogens compared with homologous ones. By modulating the components of sanitary care in this way the ants acquired less infectious particles of the heterologous pathogens, resulting in reduced superinfection. The performance of risk-adjusted sanitary care reveals the remarkable capacity of ants to react to changes in their disease susceptibility, according to their own infection history and to flexibly adjust collective care to individual risk.}, author = {Konrad, Matthias and Pull, Christopher and Metzler, Sina and Seif, Katharina and Naderlinger, Elisabeth and Grasse, Anna V and Cremer, Sylvia}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {11}, pages = {2782 -- 2787}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1713501115}, volume = {115}, year = {2018}, } @article{195, abstract = {We demonstrate that identical impurities immersed in a two-dimensional many-particle bath can be viewed as flux-tube-charged-particle composites described by fractional statistics. In particular, we find that the bath manifests itself as an external magnetic flux tube with respect to the impurities, and hence the time-reversal symmetry is broken for the effective Hamiltonian describing the impurities. The emerging flux tube acts as a statistical gauge field after a certain critical coupling. This critical coupling corresponds to the intersection point between the quasiparticle state and the phonon wing, where the angular momentum is transferred from the impurity to the bath. This amounts to a novel configuration with emerging anyons. The proposed setup paves the way to realizing anyons using electrons interacting with superfluid helium or lattice phonons, as well as using atomic impurities in ultracold gases.}, author = {Yakaboylu, Enderalp and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, journal = {Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Anyonic statistics of quantum impurities in two dimensions}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.98.045402}, volume = {98}, year = {2018}, } @article{203, abstract = {Asymmetric auxin distribution is instrumental for the differential growth that causes organ bending on tropic stimuli and curvatures during plant development. Local differences in auxin concentrations are achieved mainly by polarized cellular distribution of PIN auxin transporters, but whether other mechanisms involving auxin homeostasis are also relevant for the formation of auxin gradients is not clear. Here we show that auxin methylation is required for asymmetric auxin distribution across the hypocotyl, particularly during its response to gravity. We found that loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis IAA CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (IAMT1) prematurely unfold the apical hook, and that their hypocotyls are impaired in gravitropic reorientation. This defect is linked to an auxin-dependent increase in PIN gene expression, leading to an increased polar auxin transport and lack of asymmetric distribution of PIN3 in the iamt1 mutant. Gravitropic reorientation in the iamt1 mutant could be restored with either endodermis-specific expression of IAMT1 or partial inhibition of polar auxin transport, which also results in normal PIN gene expression levels. We propose that IAA methylation is necessary in gravity-sensing cells to restrict polar auxin transport within the range of auxin levels that allow for differential responses.}, author = {Abbas, Mohamad and Hernández, García J and Pollmann, Stephan and Samodelov, Sophia L and Kolb, Martina and Friml, Jirí and Hammes, Ulrich Z and Zurbriggen, Matias D and Blázquez, Miguel and Alabadí, David}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {26}, pages = {6864--6869}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1806565115}, volume = {115}, year = {2018}, } @article{399, abstract = {Following an earlier calculation in 3D, we calculate the 2D critical temperature of a dilute, translation-invariant Bose gas using a variational formulation of the Bogoliubov approximation introduced by Critchley and Solomon in 1976. This provides the first analytical calculation of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature that includes the constant in the logarithm.}, author = {Napiórkowski, Marcin M and Reuvers, Robin and Solovej, Jan}, journal = {EPL}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd.}, title = {{Calculation of the critical temperature of a dilute Bose gas in the Bogoliubov approximation}}, doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/121/10007}, volume = {121}, year = {2018}, } @article{5830, abstract = {CLE peptides have been implicated in various developmental processes of plants and mediate their responses to environmental stimuli. However, the biological relevance of most CLE genes remains to be functionally characterized. Here, we report that CLE9, which is expressed in stomata, acts as an essential regulator in the induction of stomatal closure. Exogenous application of CLE9 peptides or overexpression of CLE9 effectively led to stomatal closure and enhanced drought tolerance, whereas CLE9 loss-of-function mutants were sensitivity to drought stress. CLE9-induced stomatal closure was impaired in abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants, indicating that ABA is required for CLE9-medaited guard cell signalling. We further deciphered that two guard cell ABA-signalling components, OST1 and SLAC1, were responsible for CLE9-induced stomatal closure. MPK3 and MPK6 were activated by the CLE9 peptide, and CLE9 peptides failed to close stomata in mpk3 and mpk6 mutants. In addition, CLE9 peptides stimulated the induction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis associated with stomatal closure, which was abolished in the NADPH oxidase-deficient mutants or nitric reductase mutants, respectively. Collectively, our results reveal a novel ABA-dependent function of CLE9 in the regulation of stomatal apertures, thereby suggesting a potential role of CLE9 in the stress acclimatization of plants.}, author = {Zhang, Luosha and Shi, Xiong and Zhang, Yutao and Wang, Jiajing and Yang, Jingwei and Ishida, Takashi and Jiang, Wenqian and Han, Xiangyu and Kang, Jingke and Wang, Xuening and Pan, Lixia and Lv, Shuo and Cao, Bing and Zhang, Yonghong and Wu, Jinbin and Han, Huibin and Hu, Zhubing and Cui, Langjun and Sawa, Shinichiro and He, Junmin and Wang, Guodong}, issn = {01407791}, journal = {Plant Cell and Environment}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{CLE9 peptide-induced stomatal closure is mediated by abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide in arabidopsis thaliana}}, doi = {10.1111/pce.13475}, year = {2018}, }