--- _id: '10568' abstract: - lang: eng text: Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate the migration into new habitats and enable organisms to cope with a rapidly changing environment. In contrast to genetic adaptation that spans multiple generations as an evolutionary process, phenotypic plasticity allows acclimation within the life-time of an organism. Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are usually studied in isolation, however, only by including their interactive impact, we can understand acclimation and adaptation in nature. We aimed to explore the contribution of adaptation and plasticity in coping with an abiotic (salinity) and a biotic (Vibrio bacteria) stressor using six different populations of the broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle that originated from either high [14–17 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)] or low (7–11 PSU) saline environments along the German coastline of the Baltic Sea. We exposed wild caught animals, to either high (15 PSU) or low (7 PSU) salinity, representing native and novel salinity conditions and allowed animals to mate. After male pregnancy, offspring was split and each half was exposed to one of the two salinities and infected with Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria that were evolved at either of the two salinities in a fully reciprocal design. We investigated life-history traits of fathers and expression of 47 target genes in mothers and offspring. Pregnant males originating from high salinity exposed to low salinity were highly susceptible to opportunistic fungi infections resulting in decreased offspring size and number. In contrast, no signs of fungal infection were identified in fathers originating from low saline conditions suggesting that genetic adaptation has the potential to overcome the challenges encountered at low salinity. Offspring from parents with low saline origin survived better at low salinity suggesting genetic adaptation to low salinity. In addition, gene expression analyses of juveniles indicated patterns of local adaptation, trans-generational plasticity and developmental plasticity. In conclusion, our study suggests that pipefish are locally adapted to the low salinity in their environment, however, they are retaining phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to also cope with ancestral salinity levels and prevailing pathogens. acknowledgement: We are grateful for the help of Kristina Dauven, Andreas Ebner, Janina Röckner, and Paulina Urban for fish collection in the field and fish maintenance. Furthermore, we thank Fabian Wendt for setting up the aquaria system and Tatjana Liese, Paulina Urban, Jakob Gismann, and Thorsten Reusch for support with DNA extraction and analysis of pipefish population structure. The authors acknowledge support of Isabel Tanger, Agnes Piecyk, Jonas Müller, Grace Walls, Sebastian Albrecht, Julia Böge, and Julia Stefanschitz for their support in preparing cDNA and running of Fluidigm chips. A special thank goes to Diana Gill for general lab support, ordering materials and just being the good spirit of our molecular lab, to Till Bayer for bioinformatics support and to Melanie Heckwolf for fruitful discussion and feedback on the manuscript. HG is very grateful for inspirational office space with ocean view provided by Lisa Hentschel and family. This manuscript has been released as a pre-print at BIORXIV. article_number: '626442' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Henry full_name: Goehlich, Henry last_name: Goehlich - first_name: Linda full_name: Sartoris, Linda id: 2B9284CA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sartoris - first_name: Kim-Sara full_name: Wagner, Kim-Sara last_name: Wagner - first_name: Carolin C. full_name: Wendling, Carolin C. last_name: Wendling - first_name: Olivia full_name: Roth, Olivia last_name: Roth citation: ama: Goehlich H, Sartoris L, Wagner K-S, Wendling CC, Roth O. Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2021;9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.626442 apa: Goehlich, H., Sartoris, L., Wagner, K.-S., Wendling, C. C., & Roth, O. (2021). Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442 chicago: Goehlich, Henry, Linda Sartoris, Kim-Sara Wagner, Carolin C. Wendling, and Olivia Roth. “Pipefish Locally Adapted to Low Salinity in the Baltic Sea Retain Phenotypic Plasticity to Cope with Ancestral Salinity Levels.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. Frontiers Media, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.626442. ieee: H. Goehlich, L. Sartoris, K.-S. Wagner, C. C. Wendling, and O. Roth, “Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels,” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 9. Frontiers Media, 2021. ista: Goehlich H, Sartoris L, Wagner K-S, Wendling CC, Roth O. 2021. Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9, 626442. mla: Goehlich, Henry, et al. “Pipefish Locally Adapted to Low Salinity in the Baltic Sea Retain Phenotypic Plasticity to Cope with Ancestral Salinity Levels.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 9, 626442, Frontiers Media, 2021, doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.626442. short: H. Goehlich, L. Sartoris, K.-S. Wagner, C.C. Wendling, O. Roth, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (2021). date_created: 2021-12-20T07:53:19Z date_published: 2021-03-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-17T06:27:22Z day: '25' ddc: - '597' department: - _id: SyCr doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.626442 external_id: isi: - '000637736300001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 8d6e2b767bb0240a9b5a3a3555be51fd content_type: application/pdf creator: alisjak date_created: 2021-12-20T10:44:20Z date_updated: 2021-12-20T10:44:20Z file_id: '10572' file_name: 2021_Frontiers_Goehlich.pdf file_size: 3175085 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2021-12-20T10:44:20Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 9' isi: 1 keyword: - ecology - evolution - behavior and systematics - trans-generational plasticity - genetic adaptation - local adaptation - phenotypic plasticity - Baltic Sea - climate change - salinity - syngnathids language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - 2296-701X publication_status: published publisher: Frontiers Media quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 9 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '5757' abstract: - lang: eng text: "File S1. Variant Calling Format file of the ingroup: 197 haploid sequences of D. melanogaster from Zambia (Africa) aligned to the D. melanogaster 5.57 reference genome.\r\n\r\nFile S2. Variant Calling Format file of the outgroup: 1 haploid sequence of D. simulans aligned to the D. melanogaster 5.57 reference genome.\r\n\r\nFile S3. Annotations of each transcript in coding regions with SNPeff: Ps (# of synonymous polymorphic sites); Pn (# of non-synonymous polymorphic sites); Ds (# of synonymous divergent sites); Dn (# of non-synonymous divergent sites); DoS; ⍺ MK . All variants were included.\r\n\r\nFile S4. Annotations of each transcript in non-coding regions with SNPeff: Ps (# of synonymous polymorphic sites); Pu (# of UTR polymorphic sites); Ds (# of synonymous divergent sites); Du (# of UTR divergent sites); DoS; ⍺ MK . All variants were included.\r\n\r\nFile S5. Annotations of each transcript in coding regions with SNPGenie: Ps (# of synonymous polymorphic sites); πs (synonymous diversity); Ss_p (total # of synonymous sites in the polymorphism data); Pn (# of non-synonymous polymorphic sites); πn (non-synonymous diversity); Sn_p (total # of non-synonymous sites in the polymorphism data); Ds (# of synonymous divergent sites); ks (synonymous evolutionary rate); Ss_d (total # of synonymous sites in the divergence data); Dn (# of non-synonymous divergent sites); kn (non-synonymous evolutionary rate); Sn_d (total # of non-\r\nsynonymous sites in the divergence data); DoS; ⍺ MK . All variants were included.\r\n\r\nFile S6. Gene expression values (RPKM summed over all transcripts) for each sample. Values were quantile-normalized across all samples.\r\n\r\nFile S7. Final dataset with all covariates, ⍺ MK , ωA MK and DoS for coding sites, excluding variants below 5% frequency.\r\n\r\nFile S8. Final dataset with all covariates, ⍺ MK , ωA MK and DoS for non-coding sites, excluding variants below 5%\r\nfrequency.\r\n\r\nFile S9. Final dataset with all covariates, ⍺ EWK , ωA EWK and deleterious SFS for coding sites obtained with the Eyre-Walker and Keightley method on binned data and using all variants." article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Christelle full_name: Fraisse, Christelle id: 32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Fraisse orcid: 0000-0001-8441-5075 citation: ama: Fraisse C. Supplementary Files for “Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in Drosophila melanogaster.” 2018. doi:10.15479/at:ista:/5757 apa: Fraisse, C. (2018). Supplementary Files for “Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in Drosophila melanogaster.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:/5757 chicago: Fraisse, Christelle. “Supplementary Files for ‘Pleiotropy Modulates the Efficacy of Selection in Drosophila Melanogaster.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:/5757. ieee: C. Fraisse, “Supplementary Files for ‘Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in Drosophila melanogaster.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. ista: Fraisse C. 2018. Supplementary Files for ‘Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in Drosophila melanogaster’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/at:ista:/5757. mla: Fraisse, Christelle. Supplementary Files for “Pleiotropy Modulates the Efficacy of Selection in Drosophila Melanogaster.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/at:ista:/5757. short: C. Fraisse, (2018). contributor: - first_name: Christelle id: 32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Fraisse - first_name: Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala - first_name: Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 date_created: 2018-12-19T14:22:35Z date_published: 2018-12-19T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-21T13:59:18Z day: '19' ddc: - '576' department: - _id: BeVi - _id: NiBa doi: 10.15479/at:ista:/5757 ec_funded: 1 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: aed7ee9ca3f4dc07d8a66945f68e13cd content_type: application/zip creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:52Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5758' file_name: FileS1.zip file_size: 369837892 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: 3592e467b4d8206650860b612d6e12f3 content_type: application/zip creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:49Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5759' file_name: FileS2.zip file_size: 84856909 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: c37ac5d5437c457338afc128c1240655 content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:49Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5760' file_name: FileS3.txt file_size: 881133 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: 943dfd14da61817441e33e3e3cb8cdb9 content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:49Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5761' file_name: FileS4.txt file_size: 883742 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: 1c669b6c4690ec1bbca3e2da9f566d17 content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:49Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5762' file_name: FileS5.txt file_size: 2495437 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: f40f661b987ca6fb6b47f650cbbb04e6 content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:50Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5763' file_name: FileS6.txt file_size: 15913457 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: 25f41e5b8a075669c6c88d4c6713bf6f content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:50Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5764' file_name: FileS7.txt file_size: 2584120 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: f6c0bd3e63e14ddf5445bd69b43a9152 content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:50Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5765' file_name: FileS8.txt file_size: 2446059 relation: main_file - access_level: open_access checksum: 0fe7a58a030b11bf3b9c8ff7a7addcae content_type: text/plain creator: cfraisse date_created: 2018-12-19T14:19:50Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z file_id: '5766' file_name: FileS9.txt file_size: 100737 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:11Z has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - (mal)adaptation - pleiotropy - selective constraint - evo-devo - gene expression - Drosophila melanogaster month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FP7 grant_number: '291734' name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria related_material: record: - id: '6089' relation: research_paper status: public status: public title: Supplementary Files for "Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in Drosophila melanogaster" type: research_data user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '10899' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: 'Barton NH. Differentiation. In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2013:508-515. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00031-9' apa: Barton, N. H. (2013). Differentiation. In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (2nd ed., pp. 508–515). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00031-9 chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Differentiation.” In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd ed., 508–15. Elsevier, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00031-9. ieee: N. H. Barton, “Differentiation,” in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2013, pp. 508–515. ista: 'Barton NH. 2013.Differentiation. In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. , 508–515.' mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Differentiation.” Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2013, pp. 508–15, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00031-9. short: N.H. Barton, in:, Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2013, pp. 508–515. date_created: 2022-03-21T07:46:22Z date_published: 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-20T09:18:06Z day: '01' department: - _id: NiBa doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00031-9 edition: '2' keyword: - Adaptive landscape - Cline - Coalescent process - Gene flow - Hybrid zone - Local adaptation - Natural selection - Neutral theory - Population structure - Speciation language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 508-515 publication: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-0-12-384720-1 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Differentiation type: book_chapter user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2013' ...