---
_id: '22'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Conventional ultra-high sensitivity detectors in the millimeter-wave range
are usually cooled as their own thermal noise at room temperature would mask the
weak received radiation. The need for cryogenic systems increases the cost and
complexity of the instruments, hindering the development of, among others, airborne
and space applications. In this work, the nonlinear parametric upconversion of
millimeter-wave radiation to the optical domain inside high-quality (Q) lithium
niobate whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators is proposed for ultra-low noise
detection. We experimentally demonstrate coherent upconversion of millimeter-wave
signals to a 1550 nm telecom carrier, with a photon conversion efficiency surpassing
the state-of-the-art by 2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, a theoretical model shows
that the thermal equilibrium of counterpropagating WGMs is broken by overcoupling
the millimeter-wave WGM, effectively cooling the upconverted mode and allowing
ultra-low noise detection. By theoretically estimating the sensitivity of a correlation
radiometer based on the presented scheme, it is found that room-temperature radiometers
with better sensitivity than state-of-the-art high-electron-mobility transistor
(HEMT)-based radiometers can be designed. This detection paradigm can be used
to develop room-temperature instrumentation for radio astronomy, earth observation,
planetary missions, and imaging systems.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Botello, Gabriel
last_name: Botello
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Sedlmeir, Florian
last_name: Sedlmeir
- first_name: Alfredo R
full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rueda Sanchez
orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Kerlos
full_name: Abdalmalak, Kerlos
last_name: Abdalmalak
- first_name: Elliott
full_name: Brown, Elliott
last_name: Brown
- first_name: Gerd
full_name: Leuchs, Gerd
last_name: Leuchs
- first_name: Sascha
full_name: Preu, Sascha
last_name: Preu
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Segovia Vargas, Daniel
last_name: Segovia Vargas
- first_name: Dmitry
full_name: Strekalov, Dmitry
last_name: Strekalov
- first_name: Luis
full_name: Munoz, Luis
last_name: Munoz
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Schwefel, Harald
last_name: Schwefel
citation:
ama: Botello G, Sedlmeir F, Rueda Sanchez AR, et al. Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave
photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters. Optica.
2018;5(10):1210-1219. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210
apa: Botello, G., Sedlmeir, F., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Abdalmalak, K., Brown, E.,
Leuchs, G., … Schwefel, H. (2018). Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic
radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters. Optica. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210
chicago: Botello, Gabriel, Florian Sedlmeir, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Kerlos Abdalmalak,
Elliott Brown, Gerd Leuchs, Sascha Preu, et al. “Sensitivity Limits of Millimeter-Wave
Photonic Radiometers Based on Efficient Electro-Optic Upconverters.” Optica,
2018. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210.
ieee: G. Botello et al., “Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic
radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters,” Optica, vol.
5, no. 10. pp. 1210–1219, 2018.
ista: Botello G, Sedlmeir F, Rueda Sanchez AR, Abdalmalak K, Brown E, Leuchs G,
Preu S, Segovia Vargas D, Strekalov D, Munoz L, Schwefel H. 2018. Sensitivity
limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic
upconverters. Optica. 5(10), 1210–1219.
mla: Botello, Gabriel, et al. “Sensitivity Limits of Millimeter-Wave Photonic Radiometers
Based on Efficient Electro-Optic Upconverters.” Optica, vol. 5, no. 10,
2018, pp. 1210–19, doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210.
short: G. Botello, F. Sedlmeir, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, K. Abdalmalak, E. Brown, G.
Leuchs, S. Preu, D. Segovia Vargas, D. Strekalov, L. Munoz, H. Schwefel, Optica
5 (2018) 1210–1219.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:12Z
date_published: 2018-10-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-17T12:12:40Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210
external_id:
isi:
- '000447853100007'
intvolume: ' 5'
isi: 1
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: 'www.doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210 '
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1210 - 1219
publication: Optica
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '23342536'
publication_status: published
publist_id: '8033'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient
electro-optic upconverters
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 5
year: '2018'
...