[{"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge funding from the Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) and by the Deutsche\r\nForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC-2111-390814868 (MCQST). K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan (Grant Number PMXP0112101001) and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 19H05790 and JP20H00354).","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Chemical Society","oa":1,"isi":1,"year":"2022","day":"27","publication":"Nano Letters","page":"3317-3322","date_published":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00435","date_created":"2022-05-15T22:01:41Z","citation":{"chicago":"Winterer, Felix, Anna M. Seiler, Areg Ghazaryan, Fabian R. Geisenhof, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Maksym Serbyn, and R. Thomas Weitz. “Spontaneous Gully-Polarized Quantum Hall States in ABA Trilayer Graphene.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00435.","ista":"Winterer F, Seiler AM, Ghazaryan A, Geisenhof FR, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Serbyn M, Weitz RT. 2022. Spontaneous gully-polarized quantum hall states in ABA trilayer graphene. Nano Letters. 22(8), 3317–3322.","mla":"Winterer, Felix, et al. “Spontaneous Gully-Polarized Quantum Hall States in ABA Trilayer Graphene.” Nano Letters, vol. 22, no. 8, American Chemical Society, 2022, pp. 3317–22, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00435.","short":"F. Winterer, A.M. Seiler, A. Ghazaryan, F.R. Geisenhof, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Serbyn, R.T. Weitz, Nano Letters 22 (2022) 3317–3322.","ieee":"F. Winterer et al., “Spontaneous gully-polarized quantum hall states in ABA trilayer graphene,” Nano Letters, vol. 22, no. 8. American Chemical Society, pp. 3317–3322, 2022.","ama":"Winterer F, Seiler AM, Ghazaryan A, et al. Spontaneous gully-polarized quantum hall states in ABA trilayer graphene. Nano Letters. 2022;22(8):3317-3322. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00435","apa":"Winterer, F., Seiler, A. M., Ghazaryan, A., Geisenhof, F. R., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., … Weitz, R. T. (2022). Spontaneous gully-polarized quantum hall states in ABA trilayer graphene. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00435"},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","author":[{"last_name":"Winterer","full_name":"Winterer, Felix","first_name":"Felix"},{"first_name":"Anna M.","full_name":"Seiler, Anna M.","last_name":"Seiler"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9666-3543","full_name":"Ghazaryan, Areg","last_name":"Ghazaryan","first_name":"Areg","id":"4AF46FD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Geisenhof, Fabian R.","last_name":"Geisenhof","first_name":"Fabian R."},{"full_name":"Watanabe, Kenji","last_name":"Watanabe","first_name":"Kenji"},{"first_name":"Takashi","last_name":"Taniguchi","full_name":"Taniguchi, Takashi"},{"full_name":"Serbyn, Maksym","orcid":"0000-0002-2399-5827","last_name":"Serbyn","first_name":"Maksym","id":"47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Weitz, R. Thomas","last_name":"Weitz","first_name":"R. Thomas"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"arxiv":["2109.00556"],"isi":["000809056900019"]},"title":"Spontaneous gully-polarized quantum hall states in ABA trilayer graphene","abstract":[{"text":"Bernal-stacked multilayer graphene is a versatile platform to explore quantum transport phenomena and interaction physics due to its exceptional tunability via electrostatic gating. For instance, upon applying a perpendicular electric field, its band structure exhibits several off-center Dirac points (so-called Dirac gullies) in each valley. Here, the formation of Dirac gullies and the interaction-induced breakdown of gully coherence is explored via magnetotransport measurements in high-quality Bernal-stacked (ABA) trilayer graphene. At zero magnetic field, multiple Lifshitz transitions indicating the formation of Dirac gullies are identified. In the quantum Hall regime, the emergence of Dirac gullies is evident as an increase in Landau level degeneracy. When tuning both electric and magnetic fields, electron–electron interactions can be controllably enhanced until, beyond critical electric and magnetic fields, the gully degeneracy is eventually lifted. The arising correlated ground state is consistent with a previously predicted nematic phase that spontaneously breaks the rotational gully symmetry.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.00556","open_access":"1"}],"month":"04","intvolume":" 22","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["15306992"],"issn":["15306984"]},"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"8","volume":22,"_id":"11379","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2023-08-03T07:12:45Z","department":[{"_id":"MaSe"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Chemical Society","oa":1,"day":"25","publication":"Nano Letters","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"year":"2018","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","date_published":"2018-10-25T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:13Z","page":"7141 - 7145","project":[{"grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"ista":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. 2018. Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. 18(11), 7141–7145.","chicago":"Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, Joshua M Milem, Friedrich Schäffler, and Georgios Katsaros. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217.","apa":"Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., Milem, J. M., Schäffler, F., & Katsaros, G. (2018). Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","ama":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. 2018;18(11):7141-7145. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","short":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J.M. Milem, F. Schäffler, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 18 (2018) 7141–7145.","ieee":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J. M. Milem, F. Schäffler, and G. Katsaros, “Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge,” Nano Letters, vol. 18, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 7141–7145, 2018.","mla":"Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” Nano Letters, vol. 18, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2018, pp. 7141–45, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217."},"title":"Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge","author":[{"last_name":"Vukušić","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Lada"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes"},{"full_name":"Milem, Joshua M","last_name":"Milem","first_name":"Joshua M","id":"4CDE0A96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Friedrich","full_name":"Schäffler, Friedrich","last_name":"Schäffler"},{"first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"publist_id":"8032","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"pmid":["30359041"],"isi":["000451102100064"]},"pmid":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The strong atomistic spin–orbit coupling of holes makes single-shot spin readout measurements difficult because it reduces the spin lifetimes. By integrating the charge sensor into a high bandwidth radio frequency reflectometry setup, we were able to demonstrate single-shot readout of a germanium quantum dot hole spin and measure the spin lifetime. Hole spin relaxation times of about 90 μs at 500 mT are reported, with a total readout visibility of about 70%. By analyzing separately the spin-to-charge conversion and charge readout fidelities, we have obtained insight into the processes limiting the visibilities of hole spins. The analyses suggest that high hole visibilities are feasible at realistic experimental conditions, underlying the potential of hole spins for the realization of viable qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"10","intvolume":" 18","scopus_import":"1","file":[{"checksum":"3e6034a94c6b5335e939145d88bdb371","file_id":"5194","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2018-1065-v1+1_ACS_nanoletters_8b03217.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:16:08Z","file_size":1361441,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:37Z","creator":"system"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]},"publication_status":"published","volume":18,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","id":"7977"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"69"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"7996"}]},"issue":"11","ec_funded":1,"_id":"23","status":"public","pubrep_id":"1065","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"ddc":["530"],"date_updated":"2023-09-18T09:30:37Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:37Z"},{"status":"public","pubrep_id":"826","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"_id":"988","department":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:18Z","ddc":["621"],"date_updated":"2023-09-22T09:56:21Z","month":"05","intvolume":" 17","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"The current-phase relation (CPR) of a Josephson junction (JJ) determines how the supercurrent evolves with the superconducting phase difference across the junction. Knowledge of the CPR is essential in order to understand the response of a JJ to various external parameters. Despite the rising interest in ultraclean encapsulated graphene JJs, the CPR of such junctions remains unknown. Here, we use a fully gate-tunable graphene superconducting quantum intereference device (SQUID) to determine the CPR of ballistic graphene JJs. Each of the two JJs in the SQUID is made with graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. By independently controlling the critical current of the JJs, we can operate the SQUID either in a symmetric or asymmetric configuration. The highly asymmetric SQUID allows us to phase-bias one of the JJs and thereby directly obtain its CPR. The CPR is found to be skewed, deviating significantly from a sinusoidal form. The skewness can be tuned with the gate voltage and oscillates in antiphase with Fabry-Pérot resistance oscillations of the ballistic graphene cavity. We compare our experiments with tight-binding calculations that include realistic graphene-superconductor interfaces and find a good qualitative agreement.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"6","volume":17,"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"5037","checksum":"22021daa90cf13b01becd776838acb7b","file_size":508638,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:18Z","creator":"system","file_name":"IST-2017-826-v1+1_2017_Aguilera-Servin_Current.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:13:50Z"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]},"publication_status":"published","title":"Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions","author":[{"first_name":"Gaurav","full_name":"Nanda, Gaurav","last_name":"Nanda"},{"id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L"},{"first_name":"Péter","last_name":"Rakyta","full_name":"Rakyta, Péter"},{"first_name":"Andor","last_name":"Kormányos","full_name":"Kormányos, Andor"},{"full_name":"Kleiner, Reinhold","last_name":"Kleiner","first_name":"Reinhold"},{"full_name":"Koelle, Dieter","last_name":"Koelle","first_name":"Dieter"},{"first_name":"Kazuo","last_name":"Watanabe","full_name":"Watanabe, Kazuo"},{"first_name":"Takashi","last_name":"Taniguchi","full_name":"Taniguchi, Takashi"},{"first_name":"Lieven","full_name":"Vandersypen, Lieven","last_name":"Vandersypen"},{"last_name":"Goswami","full_name":"Goswami, Srijit","first_name":"Srijit"}],"publist_id":"6412","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"isi":["000403631600011"]},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"chicago":"Nanda, Gaurav, Juan L Aguilera Servin, Péter Rakyta, Andor Kormányos, Reinhold Kleiner, Dieter Koelle, Kazuo Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Lieven Vandersypen, and Srijit Goswami. “Current-Phase Relation of Ballistic Graphene Josephson Junctions.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00097.","ista":"Nanda G, Aguilera Servin JL, Rakyta P, Kormányos A, Kleiner R, Koelle D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Vandersypen L, Goswami S. 2017. Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions. Nano Letters. 17(6), 3396–3401.","mla":"Nanda, Gaurav, et al. “Current-Phase Relation of Ballistic Graphene Josephson Junctions.” Nano Letters, vol. 17, no. 6, American Chemical Society, 2017, pp. 3396–401, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00097.","apa":"Nanda, G., Aguilera Servin, J. L., Rakyta, P., Kormányos, A., Kleiner, R., Koelle, D., … Goswami, S. (2017). Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00097","ama":"Nanda G, Aguilera Servin JL, Rakyta P, et al. Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions. Nano Letters. 2017;17(6):3396-3401. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00097","short":"G. Nanda, J.L. Aguilera Servin, P. Rakyta, A. Kormányos, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, L. Vandersypen, S. Goswami, Nano Letters 17 (2017) 3396–3401.","ieee":"G. Nanda et al., “Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions,” Nano Letters, vol. 17, no. 6. American Chemical Society, pp. 3396–3401, 2017."},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Chemical Society","oa":1,"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00097","date_published":"2017-05-05T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:33Z","page":"3396 - 3401","day":"05","publication":"Nano Letters","isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2017"},{"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:13Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"ddc":["539"],"date_updated":"2023-09-26T15:50:22Z","pubrep_id":"865","status":"public","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"type":"journal_article","_id":"840","ec_funded":1,"volume":17,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7977","relation":"popular_science"},{"id":"69","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"id":"7996","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"issue":"9","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_id":"4951","checksum":"761371a0129b2aa442424b9561450ece","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2017-865-v1+1_acs.nanolett.7b02627.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:12:33Z","file_size":2449546,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:13Z","creator":"system"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]},"intvolume":" 17","month":"08","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Heavy holes confined in quantum dots are predicted to be promising candidates for the realization of spin qubits with long coherence times. Here we focus on such heavy-hole states confined in germanium hut wires. By tuning the growth density of the latter we can realize a T-like structure between two neighboring wires. Such a structure allows the realization of a charge sensor, which is electrostatically and tunnel coupled to a quantum dot, with charge-transfer signals as high as 0.3 e. By integrating the T-like structure into a radiofrequency reflectometry setup, single-shot measurements allowing the extraction of hole tunneling times are performed. The extracted tunneling times of less than 10 μs are attributed to the small effective mass of Ge heavy-hole states and pave the way toward projective spin readout measurements."}],"title":"Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry","external_id":{"isi":["000411043500078"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Vukusic, Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","last_name":"Vukusic","first_name":"Lada","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Hannes"},{"first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"publist_id":"6808","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"ista":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. 2017. Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. 17(9), 5706–5710.","chicago":"Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, and Georgios Katsaros. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” Nano Letters. American Chemical Society, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627.","apa":"Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., & Katsaros, G. (2017). Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","ama":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. 2017;17(9):5706-5710. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","short":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 17 (2017) 5706–5710.","ieee":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, and G. Katsaros, “Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry,” Nano Letters, vol. 17, no. 9. American Chemical Society, pp. 5706–5710, 2017.","mla":"Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” Nano Letters, vol. 17, no. 9, American Chemical Society, 2017, pp. 5706–10, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627."},"project":[{"name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:47Z","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","date_published":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","page":"5706 - 5710","publication":"Nano Letters","day":"10","year":"2017","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"oa":1,"publisher":"American Chemical Society","quality_controlled":"1"}]