TY - JOUR AB - The control of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics in many-body systems is challenging because interactions typically lead to thermalization and a chaotic spreading throughout Hilbert space. We investigate nonequilibrium dynamics after rapid quenches in a many-body system composed of 3 to 200 strongly interacting qubits in one and two spatial dimensions. Using a programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays, we show that coherent revivals associated with so-called quantum many-body scars can be stabilized by periodic driving, which generates a robust subharmonic response akin to discrete time-crystalline order. We map Hilbert space dynamics, geometry dependence, phase diagrams, and system-size dependence of this emergent phenomenon, demonstrating new ways to steer complex dynamics in many-body systems and enabling potential applications in quantum information science. AU - Bluvstein, D. AU - Omran, A. AU - Levine, H. AU - Keesling, A. AU - Semeghini, G. AU - Ebadi, S. AU - Wang, T. T. AU - Michailidis, Alexios AU - Maskara, N. AU - Ho, W. W. AU - Choi, S. AU - Serbyn, Maksym AU - Greiner, M. AU - Vuletić, V. AU - Lukin, M. D. ID - 9618 IS - 6536 JF - Science KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 0036-8075 TI - Controlling quantum many-body dynamics in driven Rydberg atom arrays VL - 371 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thermoelectric materials are engines that convert heat into an electrical current. Intuitively, the efficiency of this process depends on how many electrons (charge carriers) can move and how easily they do so, how much energy those moving electrons transport, and how easily the temperature gradient is maintained. In terms of material properties, an excellent thermoelectric material requires a high electrical conductivity σ, a high Seebeck coefficient S (a measure of the induced thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature gradient), and a low thermal conductivity κ. The challenge is that these three properties are strongly interrelated in a conflicting manner (1). On page 722 of this issue, Roychowdhury et al. (2) have found a way to partially break these ties in silver antimony telluride (AgSbTe2) with the addition of cadmium (Cd) cations, which increase the ordering in this inherently disordered thermoelectric material. AU - Liu, Yu AU - Ibáñez, Maria ID - 10809 IS - 6530 JF - Science KW - multidisciplinary SN - 0036-8075 TI - Tidying up the mess VL - 371 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is the closest experimentally tractable archaeal relative of eukaryotes and, despite lacking obvious cyclin-dependent kinase and cyclin homologs, has an ordered eukaryote-like cell cycle with distinct phases of DNA replication and division. Here, in exploring the mechanism of cell division in S. acidocaldarius, we identify a role for the archaeal proteasome in regulating the transition from the end of one cell cycle to the beginning of the next. Further, we identify the archaeal ESCRT-III homolog, CdvB, as a key target of the proteasome and show that its degradation triggers division by allowing constriction of the CdvB1:CdvB2 ESCRT-III division ring. These findings offer a minimal mechanism for ESCRT-III–mediated membrane remodeling and point to a conserved role for the proteasome in eukaryotic and archaeal cell cycle control. AU - Tarrason Risa, Gabriel AU - Hurtig, Fredrik AU - Bray, Sian AU - Hafner, Anne E. AU - Harker-Kirschneck, Lena AU - Faull, Peter AU - Davis, Colin AU - Papatziamou, Dimitra AU - Mutavchiev, Delyan R. AU - Fan, Catherine AU - Meneguello, Leticia AU - Arashiro Pulschen, Andre AU - Dey, Gautam AU - Culley, Siân AU - Kilkenny, Mairi AU - Souza, Diorge P. AU - Pellegrini, Luca AU - de Bruin, Robertus A. M. AU - Henriques, Ricardo AU - Snijders, Ambrosius P. AU - Šarić, Anđela AU - Lindås, Ann-Christin AU - Robinson, Nicholas P. AU - Baum, Buzz ID - 10349 IS - 6504 JF - Science KW - multidisciplinary SN - 0036-8075 TI - The proteasome controls ESCRT-III–mediated cell division in an archaeon VL - 369 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Animal development entails the organization of specific cell types in space and time, and spatial patterns must form in a robust manner. In the zebrafish spinal cord, neural progenitors form stereotypic patterns despite noisy morphogen signaling and large-scale cellular rearrangements during morphogenesis and growth. By directly measuring adhesion forces and preferences for three types of endogenous neural progenitors, we provide evidence for the differential adhesion model in which differences in intercellular adhesion mediate cell sorting. Cell type–specific combinatorial expression of different classes of cadherins (N-cadherin, cadherin 11, and protocadherin 19) results in homotypic preference ex vivo and patterning robustness in vivo. Furthermore, the differential adhesion code is regulated by the sonic hedgehog morphogen gradient. We propose that robust patterning during tissue morphogenesis results from interplay between adhesion-based self-organization and morphogen-directed patterning. AU - Tsai, Tony Y.-C. AU - Sikora, Mateusz K AU - Xia, Peng AU - Colak-Champollion, Tugba AU - Knaut, Holger AU - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J AU - Megason, Sean G. ID - 8680 IS - 6512 JF - Science KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 0036-8075 TI - An adhesion code ensures robust pattern formation during tissue morphogenesis VL - 370 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spontaneously arising channels that transport the phytohormone auxin provide positional cues for self-organizing aspects of plant development such as flexible vasculature regeneration or its patterning during leaf venation. The auxin canalization hypothesis proposes a feedback between auxin signaling and transport as the underlying mechanism, but molecular players await discovery. We identified part of the machinery that routes auxin transport. The auxin-regulated receptor CAMEL (Canalization-related Auxin-regulated Malectin-type RLK) together with CANAR (Canalization-related Receptor-like kinase) interact with and phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated PIN polarization, which macroscopically manifests as defects in leaf venation and vasculature regeneration after wounding. The CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex is part of the auxin feedback that coordinates polarization of individual cells during auxin canalization. AU - Hajny, Jakub AU - Prat, Tomas AU - Rydza, N AU - Rodriguez Solovey, Lesia AU - Tan, Shutang AU - Verstraeten, Inge AU - Domjan, David AU - Mazur, E AU - Smakowska-Luzan, E AU - Smet, W AU - Mor, E AU - Nolf, J AU - Yang, B AU - Grunewald, W AU - Molnar, Gergely AU - Belkhadir, Y AU - De Rybel, B AU - Friml, Jiří ID - 8721 IS - 6516 JF - Science SN - 0036-8075 TI - Receptor kinase module targets PIN-dependent auxin transport during canalization VL - 370 ER -