--- _id: '6890' abstract: - lang: eng text: Describing the protein interactions that form pleomorphic and asymmetric viruses represents a considerable challenge to most structural biology techniques, including X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-electron microscopy. Obtaining a detailed understanding of these interactions is nevertheless important, considering the number of relevant human pathogens that do not follow strict icosahedral or helical symmetry. Cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging methods provide structural insights into complex biological environments and are well suited to go beyond structures of perfectly symmetric viruses. This chapter discusses recent developments showing that cryo-ET and subtomogram averaging can provide high-resolution insights into hitherto unknown structural features of pleomorphic and asymmetric virus particles. It also describes how these methods have significantly added to our understanding of retrovirus capsid assemblies in immature and mature viruses. Additional examples of irregular viruses and their associated proteins, whose structures have been studied via cryo-ET and subtomogram averaging, further support the versatility of these methods. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Martin full_name: Obr, Martin id: 4741CA5A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Obr orcid: 0000-0003-1756-6564 - first_name: Florian KM full_name: Schur, Florian KM id: 48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Schur orcid: 0000-0003-4790-8078 citation: ama: 'Obr M, Schur FK. Structural analysis of pleomorphic and asymmetric viruses using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. In: Rey FA, ed. Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function. Vol 105. Advances in Virus Research. Elsevier; 2019:117-159. doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.008' apa: Obr, M., & Schur, F. K. (2019). Structural analysis of pleomorphic and asymmetric viruses using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. In F. A. Rey (Ed.), Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function (Vol. 105, pp. 117–159). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.008 chicago: Obr, Martin, and Florian KM Schur. “Structural Analysis of Pleomorphic and Asymmetric Viruses Using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Subtomogram Averaging.” In Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function, edited by Félix A. Rey, 105:117–59. Advances in Virus Research. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.008. ieee: M. Obr and F. K. Schur, “Structural analysis of pleomorphic and asymmetric viruses using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging,” in Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function, vol. 105, F. A. Rey, Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 117–159. ista: 'Obr M, Schur FK. 2019.Structural analysis of pleomorphic and asymmetric viruses using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. In: Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function. vol. 105, 117–159.' mla: Obr, Martin, and Florian KM Schur. “Structural Analysis of Pleomorphic and Asymmetric Viruses Using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Subtomogram Averaging.” Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function, edited by Félix A. Rey, vol. 105, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 117–59, doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.008. short: M. Obr, F.K. Schur, in:, F.A. Rey (Ed.), Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 117–159. date_created: 2019-09-18T08:15:37Z date_published: 2019-08-27T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-30T06:56:00Z day: '27' department: - _id: FlSc doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.008 editor: - first_name: Félix A. full_name: Rey, Félix A. last_name: Rey external_id: isi: - '000501594500006' pmid: - ' 31522703' intvolume: ' 105' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa_version: None page: 117-159 pmid: 1 publication: Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function publication_identifier: isbn: - '9780128184561' issn: - 0065-3527 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' series_title: Advances in Virus Research status: public title: Structural analysis of pleomorphic and asymmetric viruses using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging type: book_chapter user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 105 year: '2019' ...