TY - JOUR AB - The majority of massive stars live in binary or multiple systems and will interact with a companion during their lifetimes, which helps to explain the observed diversity of core-collapse supernovae. Donor stars in binary systems can lose most of their hydrogen-rich envelopes through mass transfer. As a result, not only are the surface properties affected, but so is the core structure. However, most calculations of the core-collapse properties of massive stars rely on single-star models. We present a systematic study of the difference between the pre-supernova structures of single stars and stars of the same initial mass (11–21 M⊙) that have been stripped due to stable post-main-sequence mass transfer at solar metallicity. We present the pre-supernova core composition with novel diagrams that give an intuitive representation of the isotope distribution. As shown in previous studies, at the edge of the carbon-oxygen core, the binary-stripped star models contain an extended gradient of carbon, oxygen, and neon. This layer remains until core collapse and is more extended in mass for higher initial stellar masses. It originates from the receding of the convective helium core during core helium burning in binary-stripped stars, which does not occur in single-star models. We find that this same evolutionary phase leads to systematic differences in the final density and nuclear energy generation profiles. Binary-stripped star models have systematically higher total masses of carbon at the moment of core collapse compared to single-star models, which likely results in systematically different supernova yields. In about half of our models, the silicon-burning and oxygen-rich layers merge after core silicon burning. We discuss the implications of our findings for the “explodability”, supernova observations, and nucleosynthesis of these stars. Our models are publicly available and can be readily used as input for detailed supernova simulations. AU - Laplace, E. AU - Justham, S. AU - Renzo, M. AU - Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter AU - Farmer, R. AU - Vartanyan, D. AU - de Mink, S. E. ID - 13455 JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics KW - Space and Planetary Science KW - Astronomy and Astrophysics SN - 0004-6361 TI - Different to the core: The pre-supernova structures of massive single and binary-stripped stars VL - 656 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study systems of nonlinear partial differential equations of parabolic type, in which the elliptic operator is replaced by the first-order divergence operator acting on a flux function, which is related to the spatial gradient of the unknown through an additional implicit equation. This setting, broad enough in terms of applications, significantly expands the paradigm of nonlinear parabolic problems. Formulating four conditions concerning the form of the implicit equation, we first show that these conditions describe a maximal monotone p-coercive graph. We then establish the global-in-time and large-data existence of a (weak) solution and its uniqueness. To this end, we adopt and significantly generalize Minty’s method of monotone mappings. A unified theory, containing several novel tools, is developed in a way to be tractable from the point of view of numerical approximations. AU - Bulíček, Miroslav AU - Maringová, Erika AU - Málek, Josef ID - 10005 IS - 09 JF - Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences KW - Nonlinear parabolic systems KW - implicit constitutive theory KW - weak solutions KW - existence KW - uniqueness SN - 0218-2025 TI - On nonlinear problems of parabolic type with implicit constitutive equations involving flux VL - 31 ER - TY - CONF AB - The popularity of permissioned blockchain systems demands BFT SMR protocols that are efficient under good network conditions (synchrony) and robust under bad network conditions (asynchrony). The state-of-the-art partially synchronous BFT SMR protocols provide optimal linear communication cost per decision under synchrony and good leaders, but lose liveness under asynchrony. On the other hand, the state-of-the-art asynchronous BFT SMR protocols are live even under asynchrony, but always pay quadratic cost even under synchrony. In this paper, we propose a BFT SMR protocol that achieves the best of both worlds -- optimal linear cost per decision under good networks and leaders, optimal quadratic cost per decision under bad networks, and remains always live. AU - Gelashvili, Rati AU - Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios AU - Spiegelman, Alexander AU - Xiang, Zhuolun ID - 10553 KW - optimal KW - state machine replication KW - fallback KW - asynchrony KW - byzantine faults SN - 9-781-4503-8548-0 T2 - Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing TI - Brief announcement: Be prepared when network goes bad: An asynchronous view-change protocol ER - TY - JOUR AB - The analogy between an equilibrium partition function and the return probability in many-body unitary dynamics has led to the concept of dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT). DQPTs are defined by nonanalyticities in the return amplitude and are present in many models. In some cases, DQPTs can be related to equilibrium concepts, such as order parameters, yet their universal description is an open question. In this Letter, we provide first steps toward a classification of DQPTs by using a matrix product state description of unitary dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. This allows us to distinguish the two limiting cases of “precession” and “entanglement” DQPTs, which are illustrated using an analytical description in the quantum Ising model. While precession DQPTs are characterized by a large entanglement gap and are semiclassical in their nature, entanglement DQPTs occur near avoided crossings in the entanglement spectrum and can be distinguished by a complex pattern of nonlocal correlations. We demonstrate the existence of precession and entanglement DQPTs beyond Ising models, discuss observables that can distinguish them, and relate their interplay to complex DQPT phenomenology. AU - De Nicola, Stefano AU - Michailidis, Alexios AU - Serbyn, Maksym ID - 9048 IS - 4 JF - Physical Review Letters KW - General Physics and Astronomy SN - 0031-9007 TI - Entanglement view of dynamical quantum phase transitions VL - 126 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The quality control system for messenger RNA (mRNA) is fundamental for cellular activities in eukaryotes. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of 3'-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase1 (PDK1), a master regulator that is essential throughout eukaryotic growth and development, we employed a forward genetic approach to screen for suppressors of the loss-of-function T-DNA insertion double mutant pdk1.1 pdk1.2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Notably, the severe growth attenuation of pdk1.1 pdk1.2 was rescued by sop21 (suppressor of pdk1.1 pdk1.2), which harbours a loss-of-function mutation in PELOTA1 (PEL1). PEL1 is a homologue of mammalian PELOTA and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) DOM34p, which each form a heterodimeric complex with the GTPase HBS1 (HSP70 SUBFAMILY B SUPPRESSOR1, also called SUPERKILLER PROTEIN7, SKI7), a protein that is responsible for ribosomal rescue and thereby assures the quality and fidelity of mRNA molecules during translation. Genetic analysis further revealed that a dysfunctional PEL1-HBS1 complex failed to degrade the T-DNA-disrupted PDK1 transcripts, which were truncated but functional, and thus rescued the growth and developmental defects of pdk1.1 pdk1.2. Our studies demonstrated the functionality of a homologous PELOTA-HBS1 complex and identified its essential regulatory role in plants, providing insights into the mechanism of mRNA quality control. AU - Kong, W AU - Tan, Shutang AU - Zhao, Q AU - Lin, DL AU - Xu, ZH AU - Friml, Jiří AU - Xue, HW ID - 9368 IS - 4 JF - Plant Physiology SN - 0032-0889 TI - mRNA surveillance complex PELOTA-HBS1 eegulates phosphoinositide-sependent protein kinase1 and plant growth VL - 186 ER -