--- _id: '2479' abstract: - lang: eng text: Distribution of putative glutamatergic neurons in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the rat was examined immunocytochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against phosphate-activated glutaminase, which has been proposed to be a major synthetic enzyme of transmitter glutamate and so may serve as a marker for glutamatergic neurons in the central nervous system. Intensely-immunolabeled neuronal cell bodies were densely distributed in the main precerebellar nuclei sending mossy fibers to the cerebellum; in the pontine nuclei, pontine tegmental reticular nucleus of Bechterew, external cuneate nucleus, and lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata. Phosphate-activated glutaminase-immunoreactive granular deposits were densely seen in the brachium pontis and restiform body, suggesting the immunolabeling of mossy fibers of passage. In the cerebellum, neuropil within the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex displayed intense phosphate-activated glutaminase-immunoreactivity, and that within the deep cerebellar nuclei showed moderate immunoreactivity. These results indicate that many mossy fiber terminals originate from phosphate-activated glutaminase-containing neurons and utilize phosphate-activated glutaminase for the synthesis of transmitter glutamate. Intensely-immunostained neuronal cell bodies were further observed in other regions which have been reported to contain neurons sending mossy fibers to the cerebellum; in the dorsal part of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, dorsomedial part of the oral subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, paratrigeminal nucleus, supragenual nucleus, regions dorsal to the abducens nucleus and genu of the facial nerve, superior and medial vestibular nuclei, cell groups f, x and y, hypoglossal prepositus nucleus, intercalated nucleus, nucleus of Roller, reticular regions intercalated between the motor trigeminal and principal sensory trigeminal nuclei, linear nucleus, and gigantocellular and paramedian reticular formation. Neuronal cell bodies with intense phosphate-activated glutaminase-immunoreactivity were also found in other brainstem regions, such as the paracochlear glial substance, posterior ventral cochlear nucleus, and cell group e. Although it is still controversial whether all glutamatergic neurons use phosphate-activated glutaminase in a transmitter-related process and whether phosphate-activated glutaminase is involved in other metabolism-related processes, the neurons showing intense phosphate-activated glutaminase-immuno-reactivity in the present study were suggested to be putative glutamatergic neurons. acknowledgement: 'The authors wish to thank Mr. Akira Uesugi and Mr. Ken’ichi Uesugi for their photographic help. This work was partly supported by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, science and Culture of Japan for Special Project Research 63112003. Special Research Project on Priority-Areas 63623505, Special Research 62480098 and Encouragement of Young Scientist 63770043. The support of the Niwa Medical Research Foundation, Dr. Satoru Fukuchi, Dr. Toshio Fukuda, Dr. Ritsu Hayashi, Dr. Yutaka Kitani, Dr. Hiroshi Matsushima, Dr. Gonpei Niwa, Dr. Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Dr. Shigeo Tamaki, and Dr. Eizo Watanabe are gratefully acknowledged. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Kazuo full_name: Itoh, Kazuo last_name: Itoh - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Kaneko T, Itoh K, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat. Neuroscience. 1989;32(1):79-98. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7 apa: Kaneko, T., Itoh, K., Shigemoto, R., & Mizuno, N. (1989). Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat. Neuroscience. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7 chicago: Kaneko, Takeshi, Kazuo Itoh, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Glutaminase-like Immunoreactivity in the Lower Brainstem and Cerebellum of the Adult Rat.” Neuroscience. Elsevier, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7. ieee: T. Kaneko, K. Itoh, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat,” Neuroscience, vol. 32, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 79–98, 1989. ista: Kaneko T, Itoh K, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1989. Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat. Neuroscience. 32(1), 79–98. mla: Kaneko, Takeshi, et al. “Glutaminase-like Immunoreactivity in the Lower Brainstem and Cerebellum of the Adult Rat.” Neuroscience, vol. 32, no. 1, Elsevier, 1989, pp. 79–98, doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7. short: T. Kaneko, K. Itoh, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 32 (1989) 79–98. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:54Z date_published: 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-02-15T09:47:08Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '2586753' intvolume: ' 32' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306452289901097?via%3Dihub month: '01' oa_version: None page: 79 - 98 pmid: 1 publication: Neuroscience publication_identifier: eissn: - 1873-7544 issn: - 0306-4522 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4422' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 32 year: '1989' ...