--- _id: '7205' abstract: - lang: eng text: Genetic incompatibilities contribute to reproductive isolation between many diverging populations, but it is still unclear to what extent they play a role if divergence happens with gene flow. In contact zones between the "Crab" and "Wave" ecotypes of the snail Littorina saxatilis, divergent selection forms strong barriers to gene flow, while the role of post‐zygotic barriers due to selection against hybrids remains unclear. High embryo abortion rates in this species could indicate the presence of such barriers. Post‐zygotic barriers might include genetic incompatibilities (e.g. Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities) but also maladaptation, both expected to be most pronounced in contact zones. In addition, embryo abortion might reflect physiological stress on females and embryos independent of any genetic stress. We examined all embryos of >500 females sampled outside and inside contact zones of three populations in Sweden. Females' clutch size ranged from 0 to 1,011 embryos (mean 130 ± 123), and abortion rates varied between 0% and 100% (mean 12%). We described female genotypes by using a hybrid index based on hundreds of SNPs differentiated between ecotypes with which we characterized female genotypes. We also calculated female SNP heterozygosity and inversion karyotype. Clutch size did not vary with female hybrid index, and abortion rates were only weakly related to hybrid index in two sites but not at all in a third site. No additional variation in abortion rate was explained by female SNP heterozygosity, but increased female inversion heterozygosity added slightly to increased abortion. Our results show only weak and probably biologically insignificant post‐zygotic barriers contributing to ecotype divergence, and the high and variable abortion rates were marginally, if at all, explained by hybrid index of females. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Kerstin full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin last_name: Johannesson - first_name: Zuzanna full_name: Zagrodzka, Zuzanna last_name: Zagrodzka - first_name: Rui full_name: Faria, Rui last_name: Faria - first_name: Anja M full_name: Westram, Anja M id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Westram orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969 - first_name: Roger K. full_name: Butlin, Roger K. last_name: Butlin citation: ama: Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria R, Westram AM, Butlin RK. Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2020;33(3):342-351. doi:10.1111/jeb.13570 apa: Johannesson, K., Zagrodzka, Z., Faria, R., Westram, A. M., & Butlin, R. K. (2020). Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13570 chicago: Johannesson, Kerstin, Zuzanna Zagrodzka, Rui Faria, Anja M Westram, and Roger K. Butlin. “Is Embryo Abortion a Post-Zygotic Barrier to Gene Flow between Littorina Ecotypes?” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13570. ieee: K. Johannesson, Z. Zagrodzka, R. Faria, A. M. Westram, and R. K. Butlin, “Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?,” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 33, no. 3. Wiley, pp. 342–351, 2020. ista: Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria R, Westram AM, Butlin RK. 2020. Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 33(3), 342–351. mla: Johannesson, Kerstin, et al. “Is Embryo Abortion a Post-Zygotic Barrier to Gene Flow between Littorina Ecotypes?” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 33, no. 3, Wiley, 2020, pp. 342–51, doi:10.1111/jeb.13570. short: K. Johannesson, Z. Zagrodzka, R. Faria, A.M. Westram, R.K. Butlin, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 33 (2020) 342–351. date_created: 2019-12-22T23:00:43Z date_published: 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-06T14:48:57Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: NiBa doi: 10.1111/jeb.13570 external_id: isi: - '000500954800001' pmid: - '31724256' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 7534ff0839709c0c5265c12d29432f03 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2020-09-22T09:42:18Z date_updated: 2020-09-22T09:42:18Z file_id: '8553' file_name: 2020_EvolBiology_Johannesson.pdf file_size: 885611 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2020-09-22T09:42:18Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 33' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 342-351 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology publication_identifier: eissn: - '14209101' issn: - 1010061X publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '13067' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 33 year: '2020' ... --- _id: '8574' abstract: - lang: eng text: "This thesis concerns itself with the interactions of evolutionary and ecological forces and the consequences on genetic diversity and the ultimate survival of populations. It is important to understand what signals processes \r\nleave on the genome and what we can infer from such data, which is usually abundant but noisy. Furthermore, understanding how and when populations adapt or go extinct is important for practical purposes, such as the genetic management of populations, as well as for theoretical questions, since local adaptation can be the first step toward speciation. \r\nIn Chapter 2, we introduce the method of maximum entropy to approximate the demographic changes of a population in a simple setting, namely the logistic growth model with immigration. We show that this method is not only a powerful \r\ntool in physics but can be gainfully applied in an ecological framework. We investigate how well it approximates the real \r\nbehavior of the system, and find that is does so, even in unexpected situations. Finally, we illustrate how it can model changing environments.\r\nIn Chapter 3, we analyze the co-evolution of allele frequencies and population sizes in an infinite island model.\r\nWe give conditions under which polygenic adaptation to a rare habitat is possible. The model we use is based on the diffusion approximation, considers eco-evolutionary feedback mechanisms (hard selection), and treats both \r\ndrift and environmental fluctuations explicitly. We also look at limiting scenarios, for which we derive analytical expressions. \r\nIn Chapter 4, we present a coalescent based simulation tool to obtain patterns of diversity in a spatially explicit subdivided population, in which the demographic history of each subpopulation can be specified. We compare \r\nthe results to existing predictions, and explore the relative importance of time and space under a variety of spatial arrangements and demographic histories, such as expansion and extinction. \r\nIn the last chapter, we give a brief outlook to further research. " alternative_title: - ISTA Thesis article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Eniko full_name: Szep, Eniko id: 485BB5A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Szep citation: ama: Szep E. Local adaptation in metapopulations. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574 apa: Szep, E. (2020). Local adaptation in metapopulations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574 chicago: Szep, Eniko. “Local Adaptation in Metapopulations.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574. ieee: E. Szep, “Local adaptation in metapopulations,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. ista: Szep E. 2020. Local adaptation in metapopulations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. mla: Szep, Eniko. Local Adaptation in Metapopulations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574. short: E. Szep, Local Adaptation in Metapopulations, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. date_created: 2020-09-28T07:33:38Z date_published: 2020-09-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:11:39Z day: '20' ddc: - '570' degree_awarded: PhD department: - _id: NiBa doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 20e71f015fbbd78fea708893ad634ed0 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2020-09-28T07:25:35Z date_updated: 2020-09-28T07:25:35Z file_id: '8575' file_name: thesis_EnikoSzep_final.pdf file_size: 6354833 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: closed checksum: a8de2c14a1bb4e53c857787efbb289e1 content_type: application/x-zip-compressed creator: dernst date_created: 2020-09-28T07:25:37Z date_updated: 2020-09-28T07:25:37Z file_id: '8576' file_name: thesisFiles_EnikoSzep.zip file_size: 23020401 relation: source_file file_date_updated: 2020-09-28T07:25:37Z has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: '158' publication_identifier: eissn: - 2663-337X publication_status: published publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria status: public supervisor: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 title: Local adaptation in metapopulations type: dissertation user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 year: '2020' ... --- _id: '8254' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Here are the research data underlying the publication \"Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus)\". Further information are summed up in the README document.\r\nThe files for this record have been updated and are now found in the linked DOI https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9192." article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Louise S full_name: Arathoon, Louise S id: 2CFCFF98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Arathoon orcid: 0000-0003-1771-714X citation: ama: Arathoon LS. Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254 apa: Arathoon, L. S. (2020). Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254 chicago: Arathoon, Louise S. “Estimating Inbreeding and Its Effects in a Long-Term Study of Snapdragons (Antirrhinum Majus).” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254. ieee: L. S. Arathoon, “Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus).” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. ista: Arathoon LS. 2020. Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus), Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254. mla: Arathoon, Louise S. Estimating Inbreeding and Its Effects in a Long-Term Study of Snapdragons (Antirrhinum Majus). Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254. short: L.S. Arathoon, (2020). contributor: - contributor_type: data_collector first_name: Louise S id: 2CFCFF98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Arathoon - contributor_type: project_member first_name: Parvathy id: 455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Surendranadh - contributor_type: project_member first_name: Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 - contributor_type: project_member first_name: David id: 419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Field orcid: 0000-0002-4014-8478 - contributor_type: project_member first_name: Melinda id: 2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Pickup orcid: 0000-0001-6118-0541 - contributor_type: project_member first_name: Carina id: 3B4A7CE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Baskett date_created: 2020-08-12T12:49:23Z date_published: 2020-08-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:41:09Z day: '18' ddc: - '576' department: - _id: NiBa doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 4f1382ed4384751b6013398c11557bf6 content_type: application/x-zip-compressed creator: dernst date_created: 2020-08-18T08:03:23Z date_updated: 2020-08-18T08:03:23Z file_id: '8280' file_name: Data_Rcode_MathematicaNB.zip file_size: 5778420 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2020-08-18T08:03:23Z has_accepted_license: '1' month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria related_material: record: - id: '11321' relation: later_version status: public - id: '9192' relation: later_version status: public status: public title: Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus) tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2020' ... --- _id: '9839' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'More than 100 years after Grigg’s influential analysis of species’ borders, the causes of limits to species’ ranges still represent a puzzle that has never been understood with clarity. The topic has become especially important recently as many scientists have become interested in the potential for species’ ranges to shift in response to climate change—and yet nearly all of those studies fail to recognise or incorporate evolutionary genetics in a way that relates to theoretical developments. I show that range margins can be understood based on just two measurable parameters: (i) the fitness cost of dispersal—a measure of environmental heterogeneity—and (ii) the strength of genetic drift, which reduces genetic diversity. Together, these two parameters define an ‘expansion threshold’: adaptation fails when genetic drift reduces genetic diversity below that required for adaptation to a heterogeneous environment. When the key parameters drop below this expansion threshold locally, a sharp range margin forms. When they drop below this threshold throughout the species’ range, adaptation collapses everywhere, resulting in either extinction or formation of a fragmented metapopulation. Because the effects of dispersal differ fundamentally with dimension, the second parameter—the strength of genetic drift—is qualitatively different compared to a linear habitat. In two-dimensional habitats, genetic drift becomes effectively independent of selection. It decreases with ‘neighbourhood size’—the number of individuals accessible by dispersal within one generation. Moreover, in contrast to earlier predictions, which neglected evolution of genetic variance and/or stochasticity in two dimensions, dispersal into small marginal populations aids adaptation. This is because the reduction of both genetic and demographic stochasticity has a stronger effect than the cost of dispersal through increased maladaptation. The expansion threshold thus provides a novel, theoretically justified, and testable prediction for formation of the range margin and collapse of the species’ range.' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Jitka full_name: Polechova, Jitka id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Polechova orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112 citation: ama: 'Polechova J. Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’ range. 2019. doi:10.5061/dryad.5vv37' apa: 'Polechova, J. (2019). Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’ range. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37' chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka. “Data from: Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold of a Species’ Range.” Dryad, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37.' ieee: 'J. Polechova, “Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’ range.” Dryad, 2019.' ista: 'Polechova J. 2019. Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’ range, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.5vv37.' mla: 'Polechova, Jitka. Data from: Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold of a Species’ Range. Dryad, 2019, doi:10.5061/dryad.5vv37.' short: J. Polechova, (2019). date_created: 2021-08-09T13:07:28Z date_published: 2019-06-22T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-23T11:14:30Z day: '22' department: - _id: NiBa doi: 10.5061/dryad.5vv37 main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Dryad related_material: record: - id: '315' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: 'Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species'' range' type: research_data_reference user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf year: '2019' ... --- _id: '5911' abstract: - lang: eng text: Empirical data suggest that inversions in many species contain genes important for intraspecific divergence and speciation, yet mechanisms of evolution remain unclear. While genes inside an inversion are tightly linked, inversions are not static but evolve separately from the rest of the genome by new mutations, recombination within arrangements, and gene flux between arrangements. Inversion polymorphisms are maintained by different processes, for example, divergent or balancing selection, or a mix of multiple processes. Moreover, the relative roles of selection, drift, mutation, and recombination will change over the lifetime of an inversion and within its area of distribution. We believe inversions are central to the evolution of many species, but we need many more data and new models to understand the complex mechanisms involved. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Rui full_name: Faria, Rui last_name: Faria - first_name: Kerstin full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin last_name: Johannesson - first_name: Roger K. full_name: Butlin, Roger K. last_name: Butlin - first_name: Anja M full_name: Westram, Anja M id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Westram orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969 citation: ama: Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, Westram AM. Evolving inversions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2019;34(3):239-248. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005 apa: Faria, R., Johannesson, K., Butlin, R. K., & Westram, A. M. (2019). Evolving inversions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005 chicago: Faria, Rui, Kerstin Johannesson, Roger K. Butlin, and Anja M Westram. “Evolving Inversions.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005. ieee: R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. K. Butlin, and A. M. Westram, “Evolving inversions,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 34, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 239–248, 2019. ista: Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, Westram AM. 2019. Evolving inversions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 34(3), 239–248. mla: Faria, Rui, et al. “Evolving Inversions.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 34, no. 3, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 239–48, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005. short: R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R.K. Butlin, A.M. Westram, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 34 (2019) 239–248. date_created: 2019-02-03T22:59:15Z date_published: 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-24T14:29:48Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: NiBa doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000459899000013' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: ef24572d6ebcc1452c067e05410cc4a2 content_type: application/pdf creator: cziletti date_created: 2020-01-09T10:55:58Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:13Z file_id: '7245' file_name: 2019_Trends_Evolution_Faria.pdf file_size: 1946795 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:13Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 34' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 239-248 project: - _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '754411' name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships publication: Trends in Ecology and Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - '01695347' publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Evolving inversions tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 34 year: '2019' ...