---
_id: '7205'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Genetic incompatibilities contribute to reproductive isolation between many
diverging populations, but it is still unclear to what extent they play a role
if divergence happens with gene flow. In contact zones between the "Crab" and
"Wave" ecotypes of the snail Littorina saxatilis, divergent selection forms strong
barriers to gene flow, while the role of post‐zygotic barriers due to selection
against hybrids remains unclear. High embryo abortion rates in this species could
indicate the presence of such barriers. Post‐zygotic barriers might include genetic
incompatibilities (e.g. Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities) but also maladaptation,
both expected to be most pronounced in contact zones. In addition, embryo abortion
might reflect physiological stress on females and embryos independent of any genetic
stress. We examined all embryos of >500 females sampled outside and inside contact
zones of three populations in Sweden. Females' clutch size ranged from 0 to 1,011
embryos (mean 130 ± 123), and abortion rates varied between 0% and 100% (mean
12%). We described female genotypes by using a hybrid index based on hundreds
of SNPs differentiated between ecotypes with which we characterized female genotypes.
We also calculated female SNP heterozygosity and inversion karyotype. Clutch size
did not vary with female hybrid index, and abortion rates were only weakly related
to hybrid index in two sites but not at all in a third site. No additional variation
in abortion rate was explained by female SNP heterozygosity, but increased female
inversion heterozygosity added slightly to increased abortion. Our results show
only weak and probably biologically insignificant post‐zygotic barriers contributing
to ecotype divergence, and the high and variable abortion rates were marginally,
if at all, explained by hybrid index of females.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Zuzanna
full_name: Zagrodzka, Zuzanna
last_name: Zagrodzka
- first_name: Rui
full_name: Faria, Rui
last_name: Faria
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: Roger K.
full_name: Butlin, Roger K.
last_name: Butlin
citation:
ama: Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria R, Westram AM, Butlin RK. Is embryo abortion
a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? Journal of
Evolutionary Biology. 2020;33(3):342-351. doi:10.1111/jeb.13570
apa: Johannesson, K., Zagrodzka, Z., Faria, R., Westram, A. M., & Butlin, R.
K. (2020). Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina
ecotypes? Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13570
chicago: Johannesson, Kerstin, Zuzanna Zagrodzka, Rui Faria, Anja M Westram, and
Roger K. Butlin. “Is Embryo Abortion a Post-Zygotic Barrier to Gene Flow between
Littorina Ecotypes?” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13570.
ieee: K. Johannesson, Z. Zagrodzka, R. Faria, A. M. Westram, and R. K. Butlin, “Is
embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?,”
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 33, no. 3. Wiley, pp. 342–351, 2020.
ista: Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria R, Westram AM, Butlin RK. 2020. Is embryo
abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes? Journal
of Evolutionary Biology. 33(3), 342–351.
mla: Johannesson, Kerstin, et al. “Is Embryo Abortion a Post-Zygotic Barrier to
Gene Flow between Littorina Ecotypes?” Journal of Evolutionary Biology,
vol. 33, no. 3, Wiley, 2020, pp. 342–51, doi:10.1111/jeb.13570.
short: K. Johannesson, Z. Zagrodzka, R. Faria, A.M. Westram, R.K. Butlin, Journal
of Evolutionary Biology 33 (2020) 342–351.
date_created: 2019-12-22T23:00:43Z
date_published: 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-06T14:48:57Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/jeb.13570
external_id:
isi:
- '000500954800001'
pmid:
- '31724256'
file:
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checksum: 7534ff0839709c0c5265c12d29432f03
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-22T09:42:18Z
date_updated: 2020-09-22T09:42:18Z
file_id: '8553'
file_name: 2020_EvolBiology_Johannesson.pdf
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- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 342-351
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- '14209101'
issn:
- 1010061X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
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relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 33
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8574'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This thesis concerns itself with the interactions of evolutionary and ecological
forces and the consequences on genetic diversity and the ultimate survival of
populations. It is important to understand what signals processes \r\nleave on
the genome and what we can infer from such data, which is usually abundant but
noisy. Furthermore, understanding how and when populations adapt or go extinct
is important for practical purposes, such as the genetic management of populations,
as well as for theoretical questions, since local adaptation can be the first
step toward speciation. \r\nIn Chapter 2, we introduce the method of maximum entropy
to approximate the demographic changes of a population in a simple setting, namely
the logistic growth model with immigration. We show that this method is not only
a powerful \r\ntool in physics but can be gainfully applied in an ecological framework.
We investigate how well it approximates the real \r\nbehavior of the system, and
find that is does so, even in unexpected situations. Finally, we illustrate how
it can model changing environments.\r\nIn Chapter 3, we analyze the co-evolution
of allele frequencies and population sizes in an infinite island model.\r\nWe
give conditions under which polygenic adaptation to a rare habitat is possible.
The model we use is based on the diffusion approximation, considers eco-evolutionary
feedback mechanisms (hard selection), and treats both \r\ndrift and environmental
fluctuations explicitly. We also look at limiting scenarios, for which we derive
analytical expressions. \r\nIn Chapter 4, we present a coalescent based simulation
tool to obtain patterns of diversity in a spatially explicit subdivided population,
in which the demographic history of each subpopulation can be specified. We compare
\r\nthe results to existing predictions, and explore the relative importance of
time and space under a variety of spatial arrangements and demographic histories,
such as expansion and extinction. \r\nIn the last chapter, we give a brief outlook
to further research. "
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Eniko
full_name: Szep, Eniko
id: 485BB5A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Szep
citation:
ama: Szep E. Local adaptation in metapopulations. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574
apa: Szep, E. (2020). Local adaptation in metapopulations. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574
chicago: Szep, Eniko. “Local Adaptation in Metapopulations.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574.
ieee: E. Szep, “Local adaptation in metapopulations,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020.
ista: Szep E. 2020. Local adaptation in metapopulations. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Szep, Eniko. Local Adaptation in Metapopulations. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574.
short: E. Szep, Local Adaptation in Metapopulations, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-28T07:33:38Z
date_published: 2020-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:11:39Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8574
file:
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checksum: 20e71f015fbbd78fea708893ad634ed0
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-28T07:25:35Z
date_updated: 2020-09-28T07:25:35Z
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file_name: thesis_EnikoSzep_final.pdf
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-28T07:25:37Z
date_updated: 2020-09-28T07:25:37Z
file_id: '8576'
file_name: thesisFiles_EnikoSzep.zip
file_size: 23020401
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file_date_updated: 2020-09-28T07:25:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '158'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
title: Local adaptation in metapopulations
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8254'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Here are the research data underlying the publication \"Estimating inbreeding
and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus)\". Further
information are summed up in the README document.\r\nThe files for this record
have been updated and are now found in the linked DOI https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:9192."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Louise S
full_name: Arathoon, Louise S
id: 2CFCFF98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arathoon
orcid: 0000-0003-1771-714X
citation:
ama: Arathoon LS. Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of
snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254
apa: Arathoon, L. S. (2020). Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term
study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254
chicago: Arathoon, Louise S. “Estimating Inbreeding and Its Effects in a Long-Term
Study of Snapdragons (Antirrhinum Majus).” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254.
ieee: L. S. Arathoon, “Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study
of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus).” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020.
ista: Arathoon LS. 2020. Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study
of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus), Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254.
mla: Arathoon, Louise S. Estimating Inbreeding and Its Effects in a Long-Term
Study of Snapdragons (Antirrhinum Majus). Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254.
short: L.S. Arathoon, (2020).
contributor:
- contributor_type: data_collector
first_name: Louise S
id: 2CFCFF98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arathoon
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Parvathy
id: 455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Surendranadh
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: David
id: 419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Field
orcid: 0000-0002-4014-8478
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Melinda
id: 2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pickup
orcid: 0000-0001-6118-0541
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Carina
id: 3B4A7CE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Baskett
date_created: 2020-08-12T12:49:23Z
date_published: 2020-08-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:41:09Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8254
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 4f1382ed4384751b6013398c11557bf6
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-08-18T08:03:23Z
date_updated: 2020-08-18T08:03:23Z
file_id: '8280'
file_name: Data_Rcode_MathematicaNB.zip
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month: '08'
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
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relation: later_version
status: public
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relation: later_version
status: public
status: public
title: Estimating inbreeding and its effects in a long-term study of snapdragons (Antirrhinum
majus)
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'More than 100 years after Grigg’s influential analysis of species’ borders,
the causes of limits to species’ ranges still represent a puzzle that has never
been understood with clarity. The topic has become especially important recently
as many scientists have become interested in the potential for species’ ranges
to shift in response to climate change—and yet nearly all of those studies fail
to recognise or incorporate evolutionary genetics in a way that relates to theoretical
developments. I show that range margins can be understood based on just two measurable
parameters: (i) the fitness cost of dispersal—a measure of environmental heterogeneity—and
(ii) the strength of genetic drift, which reduces genetic diversity. Together,
these two parameters define an ‘expansion threshold’: adaptation fails when genetic
drift reduces genetic diversity below that required for adaptation to a heterogeneous
environment. When the key parameters drop below this expansion threshold locally,
a sharp range margin forms. When they drop below this threshold throughout the
species’ range, adaptation collapses everywhere, resulting in either extinction
or formation of a fragmented metapopulation. Because the effects of dispersal
differ fundamentally with dimension, the second parameter—the strength of genetic
drift—is qualitatively different compared to a linear habitat. In two-dimensional
habitats, genetic drift becomes effectively independent of selection. It decreases
with ‘neighbourhood size’—the number of individuals accessible by dispersal within
one generation. Moreover, in contrast to earlier predictions, which neglected
evolution of genetic variance and/or stochasticity in two dimensions, dispersal
into small marginal populations aids adaptation. This is because the reduction
of both genetic and demographic stochasticity has a stronger effect than the cost
of dispersal through increased maladaptation. The expansion threshold thus provides
a novel, theoretically justified, and testable prediction for formation of the
range margin and collapse of the species’ range.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
citation:
ama: 'Polechova J. Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of
a species’ range. 2019. doi:10.5061/dryad.5vv37'
apa: 'Polechova, J. (2019). Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold
of a species’ range. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37'
chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka. “Data from: Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold
of a Species’ Range.” Dryad, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37.'
ieee: 'J. Polechova, “Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold
of a species’ range.” Dryad, 2019.'
ista: 'Polechova J. 2019. Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold
of a species’ range, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.5vv37.'
mla: 'Polechova, Jitka. Data from: Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold
of a Species’ Range. Dryad, 2019, doi:10.5061/dryad.5vv37.'
short: J. Polechova, (2019).
date_created: 2021-08-09T13:07:28Z
date_published: 2019-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T11:14:30Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.5061/dryad.5vv37
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Dryad
related_material:
record:
- id: '315'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: 'Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species''
range'
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '5911'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Empirical data suggest that inversions in many species contain genes important
for intraspecific divergence and speciation, yet mechanisms of evolution remain
unclear. While genes inside an inversion are tightly linked, inversions are not
static but evolve separately from the rest of the genome by new mutations, recombination
within arrangements, and gene flux between arrangements. Inversion polymorphisms
are maintained by different processes, for example, divergent or balancing selection,
or a mix of multiple processes. Moreover, the relative roles of selection, drift,
mutation, and recombination will change over the lifetime of an inversion and
within its area of distribution. We believe inversions are central to the evolution
of many species, but we need many more data and new models to understand the complex
mechanisms involved.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rui
full_name: Faria, Rui
last_name: Faria
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Roger K.
full_name: Butlin, Roger K.
last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
citation:
ama: Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, Westram AM. Evolving inversions. Trends
in Ecology and Evolution. 2019;34(3):239-248. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005
apa: Faria, R., Johannesson, K., Butlin, R. K., & Westram, A. M. (2019). Evolving
inversions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005
chicago: Faria, Rui, Kerstin Johannesson, Roger K. Butlin, and Anja M Westram. “Evolving
Inversions.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005.
ieee: R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. K. Butlin, and A. M. Westram, “Evolving inversions,”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 34, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 239–248,
2019.
ista: Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, Westram AM. 2019. Evolving inversions.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 34(3), 239–248.
mla: Faria, Rui, et al. “Evolving Inversions.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution,
vol. 34, no. 3, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 239–48, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005.
short: R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R.K. Butlin, A.M. Westram, Trends in Ecology and
Evolution 34 (2019) 239–248.
date_created: 2019-02-03T22:59:15Z
date_published: 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-24T14:29:48Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.005
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000459899000013'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ef24572d6ebcc1452c067e05410cc4a2
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cziletti
date_created: 2020-01-09T10:55:58Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:13Z
file_id: '7245'
file_name: 2019_Trends_Evolution_Faria.pdf
file_size: 1946795
relation: main_file
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intvolume: ' 34'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 239-248
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Trends in Ecology and Evolution
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '01695347'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Evolving inversions
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
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name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 34
year: '2019'
...