[{"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000850435600030"],"arxiv":["2204.00870"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":"PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation","location":"San Diego, CA, United States","start_date":"2022-06-13","end_date":"2022-06-17"},"doi":"10.1145/3519939.3523435","month":"06","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781450392655"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","year":"2022","acknowledgement":"We thank Shaun Willows, Thomas Lugnet, and the Living Room Application Vending team for suggesting threshold\r\nbounds as a developer-friendly way to interact with a differential cost analyzer, and we thank Jim Christy, Daniel\r\nSchoepe, and the Prime Video Automated Reasoning team for their support and helpful suggestions throughout the\r\nproject. We also thank Michael Emmi for feedback on an earlier version of this paper. And finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful feedback and Aws Albarghouthi for shepherding the final version of the paper. Ðorđe Žikelić was also partially supported by ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt).","date_updated":"2023-08-03T07:22:33Z","date_created":"2022-06-21T09:26:15Z","author":[{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde"},{"full_name":"Chang, Bor-Yuh Evan","first_name":"Bor-Yuh Evan","last_name":"Chang"},{"last_name":"Bolignano","first_name":"Pauline","full_name":"Bolignano, Pauline"},{"last_name":"Raimondi","first_name":"Franco","full_name":"Raimondi, Franco"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-06-27T07:38:21Z","ec_funded":1,"page":"442-457","publication":"Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","citation":{"chicago":"Zikelic, Dorde, Bor-Yuh Evan Chang, Pauline Bolignano, and Franco Raimondi. “Differential Cost Analysis with Simultaneous Potentials and Anti-Potentials.” In Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 442–57. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3519939.3523435.","mla":"Zikelic, Dorde, et al. “Differential Cost Analysis with Simultaneous Potentials and Anti-Potentials.” Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 442–57, doi:10.1145/3519939.3523435.","short":"D. Zikelic, B.-Y.E. Chang, P. Bolignano, F. Raimondi, in:, Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 442–457.","ista":"Zikelic D, Chang B-YE, Bolignano P, Raimondi F. 2022. Differential cost analysis with simultaneous potentials and anti-potentials. Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation, 442–457.","apa":"Zikelic, D., Chang, B.-Y. E., Bolignano, P., & Raimondi, F. (2022). Differential cost analysis with simultaneous potentials and anti-potentials. In Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (pp. 442–457). San Diego, CA, United States: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3519939.3523435","ieee":"D. Zikelic, B.-Y. E. Chang, P. Bolignano, and F. Raimondi, “Differential cost analysis with simultaneous potentials and anti-potentials,” in Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, San Diego, CA, United States, 2022, pp. 442–457.","ama":"Zikelic D, Chang B-YE, Bolignano P, Raimondi F. Differential cost analysis with simultaneous potentials and anti-potentials. In: Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association for Computing Machinery; 2022:442-457. doi:10.1145/3519939.3523435"},"date_published":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"09","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["000"],"title":"Differential cost analysis with simultaneous potentials and anti-potentials","status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"11459","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":318697,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2022_PLDI_Zikelic.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2022-06-27T07:38:21Z","date_updated":"2022-06-27T07:38:21Z","checksum":"7eb915a2ca5b5ce4729321f33b2e16e1","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"11466"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"We present a novel approach to differential cost analysis that, given a program revision, attempts to statically bound the difference in resource usage, or cost, between the two program versions. Differential cost analysis is particularly interesting because of the many compelling applications for it, such as detecting resource-use regressions at code-review time or proving the absence of certain side-channel vulnerabilities. One prior approach to differential cost analysis is to apply relational reasoning that conceptually constructs a product program on which one can over-approximate the difference in costs between the two program versions. However, a significant challenge in any relational approach is effectively aligning the program versions to get precise results. In this paper, our key insight is that we can avoid the need for and the limitations of program alignment if, instead, we bound the difference of two cost-bound summaries rather than directly bounding the concrete cost difference. In particular, our method computes a threshold value for the maximal difference in cost between two program versions simultaneously using two kinds of cost-bound summaries---a potential function that evaluates to an upper bound for the cost incurred in the first program and an anti-potential function that evaluates to a lower bound for the cost incurred in the second. Our method has a number of desirable properties: it can be fully automated, it allows optimizing the threshold value on relative cost, it is suitable for programs that are not syntactically similar, and it supports non-determinism. We have evaluated an implementation of our approach on a number of program pairs collected from the literature, and we find that our method computes tight threshold values on relative cost in most examples.","lang":"eng"}]},{"scopus_import":"1","day":"29","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Physical Review E","citation":{"ieee":"K. Chatterjee, J. Svoboda, D. Zikelic, A. Pavlogiannis, and J. Tkadlec, “Social balance on networks: Local minima and best-edge dynamics,” Physical Review E, vol. 106, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2022.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Svoboda, J., Zikelic, D., Pavlogiannis, A., & Tkadlec, J. (2022). Social balance on networks: Local minima and best-edge dynamics. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.106.034321","ista":"Chatterjee K, Svoboda J, Zikelic D, Pavlogiannis A, Tkadlec J. 2022. Social balance on networks: Local minima and best-edge dynamics. Physical Review E. 106(3), 034321.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Svoboda J, Zikelic D, Pavlogiannis A, Tkadlec J. Social balance on networks: Local minima and best-edge dynamics. Physical Review E. 2022;106(3). doi:10.1103/physreve.106.034321","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Jakub Svoboda, Dorde Zikelic, Andreas Pavlogiannis, and Josef Tkadlec. “Social Balance on Networks: Local Minima and Best-Edge Dynamics.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.106.034321.","short":"K. Chatterjee, J. Svoboda, D. Zikelic, A. Pavlogiannis, J. Tkadlec, Physical Review E 106 (2022).","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Social Balance on Networks: Local Minima and Best-Edge Dynamics.” Physical Review E, vol. 106, no. 3, 034321, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/physreve.106.034321."},"article_type":"original","date_published":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Structural balance theory is an established framework for studying social relationships of friendship and enmity. These relationships are modeled by a signed network whose energy potential measures the level of imbalance, while stochastic dynamics drives the network toward a state of minimum energy that captures social balance. It is known that this energy landscape has local minima that can trap socially aware dynamics, preventing it from reaching balance. Here we first study the robustness and attractor properties of these local minima. We show that a stochastic process can reach them from an abundance of initial states and that some local minima cannot be escaped by mild perturbations of the network. Motivated by these anomalies, we introduce best-edge dynamics (BED), a new plausible stochastic process. We prove that BED always reaches balance and that it does so fast in various interesting settings."}],"issue":"3","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"12257","title":"Social balance on networks: Local minima and best-edge dynamics","status":"public","intvolume":" 106","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"09","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-0053"],"issn":["2470-0045"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.02394","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000870243100001"],"arxiv":["2210.02394"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"279307","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications"},{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification","grant_number":"P 23499-N23","_id":"2584A770-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Game Theory","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11407"},{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"doi":"10.1103/physreve.106.034321","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"034321","ec_funded":1,"year":"2022","acknowledgement":"K.C. acknowledges support from ERC Start Grant No. (279307: Graph Games), ERC Consolidator Grant No. (863818: ForM-SMart), and Austrian Science Fund (FWF)\r\nGrants No. P23499-N23 and No. S11407-N23 (RiSE). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie\r\nSkłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu"},{"id":"130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425","first_name":"Jakub","last_name":"Svoboda","full_name":"Svoboda, Jakub"},{"last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde"},{"full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Pavlogiannis"},{"first_name":"Josef","last_name":"Tkadlec","id":"3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-1097-9684","full_name":"Tkadlec, Josef"}],"date_created":"2023-01-16T09:57:57Z","date_updated":"2023-08-04T09:50:44Z","volume":106},{"article_number":"e1010149","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-01-30T11:28:13Z","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council (https://erc.europa.eu/)\r\nCoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.), and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT (to C.H.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","year":"2022","publisher":"Public Library of Science","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Schmid, Laura","orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Laura"},{"id":"2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5116-955X","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Hilbe","full_name":"Hilbe, Christian"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X"},{"last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Nowak, Martin"}],"volume":18,"date_updated":"2023-08-04T10:27:08Z","date_created":"2023-01-16T10:02:51Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1553-7358"]},"month":"06","external_id":{"pmid":["35700167"],"isi":["000843626800031"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010149","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"6","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In repeated interactions, players can use strategies that respond to the outcome of previous rounds. Much of the existing literature on direct reciprocity assumes that all competing individuals use the same strategy space. Here, we study both learning and evolutionary dynamics of players that differ in the strategy space they explore. We focus on the infinitely repeated donation game and compare three natural strategy spaces: memory-1 strategies, which consider the last moves of both players, reactive strategies, which respond to the last move of the co-player, and unconditional strategies. These three strategy spaces differ in the memory capacity that is needed. We compute the long term average payoff that is achieved in a pairwise learning process. We find that smaller strategy spaces can dominate larger ones. For weak selection, unconditional players dominate both reactive and memory-1 players. For intermediate selection, reactive players dominate memory-1 players. Only for strong selection and low cost-to-benefit ratio, memory-1 players dominate the others. We observe that the supergame between strategy spaces can be a social dilemma: maximum payoff is achieved if both players explore a larger strategy space, but smaller strategy spaces dominate."}],"_id":"12280","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","intvolume":" 18","status":"public","ddc":["000","570"],"title":"Direct reciprocity between individuals that use different strategy spaces","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_id":"12460","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"31b6b311b6731f1658277a9dfff6632c","date_created":"2023-01-30T11:28:13Z","date_updated":"2023-01-30T11:28:13Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2022_PlosCompBio_Schmid.pdf","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3143222}],"scopus_import":"1","keyword":["Computational Theory and Mathematics","Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience","Genetics","Molecular Biology","Ecology","Modeling and Simulation","Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"14","citation":{"ista":"Schmid L, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Nowak M. 2022. Direct reciprocity between individuals that use different strategy spaces. PLOS Computational Biology. 18(6), e1010149.","ieee":"L. Schmid, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, and M. Nowak, “Direct reciprocity between individuals that use different strategy spaces,” PLOS Computational Biology, vol. 18, no. 6. Public Library of Science, 2022.","apa":"Schmid, L., Hilbe, C., Chatterjee, K., & Nowak, M. (2022). Direct reciprocity between individuals that use different strategy spaces. PLOS Computational Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010149","ama":"Schmid L, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Nowak M. Direct reciprocity between individuals that use different strategy spaces. PLOS Computational Biology. 2022;18(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010149","chicago":"Schmid, Laura, Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Martin Nowak. “Direct Reciprocity between Individuals That Use Different Strategy Spaces.” PLOS Computational Biology. Public Library of Science, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010149.","mla":"Schmid, Laura, et al. “Direct Reciprocity between Individuals That Use Different Strategy Spaces.” PLOS Computational Biology, vol. 18, no. 6, e1010149, Public Library of Science, 2022, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010149.","short":"L. Schmid, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, M. Nowak, PLOS Computational Biology 18 (2022)."},"publication":"PLOS Computational Biology","article_type":"original","date_published":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z"},{"keyword":["Management Science and Operations Research","General Mathematics","Computer Science Applications"],"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","page":"100-119","article_type":"original","citation":{"short":"K. Chatterjee, R.J. Saona Urmeneta, B. Ziliotto, Mathematics of Operations Research 47 (2022) 100–119.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Finite-Memory Strategies in POMDPs with Long-Run Average Objectives.” Mathematics of Operations Research, vol. 47, no. 1, Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, 2022, pp. 100–19, doi:10.1287/moor.2020.1116.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Raimundo J Saona Urmeneta, and Bruno Ziliotto. “Finite-Memory Strategies in POMDPs with Long-Run Average Objectives.” Mathematics of Operations Research. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2020.1116.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Ziliotto B. Finite-memory strategies in POMDPs with long-run average objectives. Mathematics of Operations Research. 2022;47(1):100-119. doi:10.1287/moor.2020.1116","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Saona Urmeneta, R. J., & Ziliotto, B. (2022). Finite-memory strategies in POMDPs with long-run average objectives. Mathematics of Operations Research. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2020.1116","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, R. J. Saona Urmeneta, and B. Ziliotto, “Finite-memory strategies in POMDPs with long-run average objectives,” Mathematics of Operations Research, vol. 47, no. 1. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, pp. 100–119, 2022.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Ziliotto B. 2022. Finite-memory strategies in POMDPs with long-run average objectives. Mathematics of Operations Research. 47(1), 100–119."},"publication":"Mathematics of Operations Research","date_published":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are standard models for dynamic systems with probabilistic and nondeterministic behaviour in uncertain environments. We prove that in POMDPs with long-run average objective, the decision maker has approximately optimal strategies with finite memory. This implies notably that approximating the long-run value is recursively enumerable, as well as a weak continuity property of the value with respect to the transition function. ","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":" 47","title":"Finite-memory strategies in POMDPs with long-run average objectives","status":"public","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"9311","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1526-5471"],"issn":["0364-765X"]},"month":"02","project":[{"_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11407","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Game Theory"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.13360"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["1904.13360"],"isi":["000731918100001"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1287/moor.2020.1116","publisher":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2022","acknowledgement":"Partially supported by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) NFN Grant No RiSE/SHiNE S11407, by CONICYT Chile through grant PII 20150140, and by ECOS-CONICYT through grant C15E03.\r\n","volume":47,"date_created":"2021-04-08T09:33:31Z","date_updated":"2023-09-05T13:16:11Z","author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"full_name":"Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J","last_name":"Saona Urmeneta","first_name":"Raimundo J","orcid":"0000-0001-5103-038X","id":"BD1DF4C4-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"full_name":"Ziliotto, Bruno","last_name":"Ziliotto","first_name":"Bruno"}]},{"scopus_import":"1","day":"21","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"320-326","publication":"20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis","citation":{"chicago":"Meggendorfer, Tobias. “PET – A Partial Exploration Tool for Probabilistic Verification.” In 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, 13505:320–26. Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19992-9_20.","mla":"Meggendorfer, Tobias. “PET – A Partial Exploration Tool for Probabilistic Verification.” 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, vol. 13505, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 320–26, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19992-9_20.","short":"T. Meggendorfer, in:, 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 320–326.","ista":"Meggendorfer T. 2022. PET – A partial exploration tool for probabilistic verification. 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis. ATVA: Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, LNCS, vol. 13505, 320–326.","ieee":"T. Meggendorfer, “PET – A partial exploration tool for probabilistic verification,” in 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, Virtual, 2022, vol. 13505, pp. 320–326.","apa":"Meggendorfer, T. (2022). PET – A partial exploration tool for probabilistic verification. In 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis (Vol. 13505, pp. 320–326). Virtual: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19992-9_20","ama":"Meggendorfer T. PET – A partial exploration tool for probabilistic verification. In: 20th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis. Vol 13505. Springer Nature; 2022:320-326. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19992-9_20"},"date_published":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present PET, a specialized and highly optimized framework for partial exploration on probabilistic systems. Over the last decade, several significant advances in the analysis of Markov decision processes employed partial exploration. In a nutshell, this idea allows to focus computation on specific parts of the system, guided by heuristics, while maintaining correctness. In particular, only relevant parts of the system are constructed on demand, which in turn potentially allows to omit constructing large parts of the system. Depending on the model, this leads to dramatic speed-ups, in extreme cases even up to an arbitrary factor. PET unifies several previous implementations and provides a flexible framework to easily implement partial exploration for many further problems. Our experimental evaluation shows significant improvements compared to the previous implementations while vastly reducing the overhead required to add support for additional properties."}],"status":"public","title":"PET – A partial exploration tool for probabilistic verification","intvolume":" 13505","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"12170","oa_version":"None","month":"10","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1611-3349"],"isbn":["9783031199912"],"eisbn":["9783031199929"],"issn":["0302-9743"]},"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":"ATVA: Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis","end_date":"2022-10-28","location":"Virtual","start_date":"2022-10-25"},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-19992-9_20","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","acknowledgement":"We thank Pranav Ashok and Maximilian Weininger for their contributions to spiritual predecessors of PET as well as motivating the initial development of this tool.","year":"2022","date_updated":"2023-09-05T15:11:51Z","date_created":"2023-01-12T12:11:07Z","volume":13505,"author":[{"id":"b21b0c15-30a2-11eb-80dc-f13ca25802e1","orcid":"0000-0002-1712-2165","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Meggendorfer","full_name":"Meggendorfer, Tobias"}]},{"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was partially supported by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) NFN Grant No RiSE/SHiNE S11407 and by the grant ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt).","year":"2022","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu"},{"last_name":"Doyen","first_name":"Laurent","full_name":"Doyen, Laurent"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"7402"}]},"date_created":"2022-05-22T22:01:40Z","date_updated":"2023-09-07T14:48:11Z","volume":129,"month":"11","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-0000"],"eissn":["1090-2724"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1802.03642","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["1802.03642"],"isi":["000805002800001"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11407","name":"Game Theory","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.jcss.2022.04.003","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Fixed-horizon planning considers a weighted graph and asks to construct a path that maximizes the sum of weights for a given time horizon T. However, in many scenarios, the time horizon is not fixed, but the stopping time is chosen according to some distribution such that the expected stopping time is T. If the stopping-time distribution is not known, then to ensure robustness, the distribution is chosen by an adversary as the worst-case scenario. A stationary plan for every vertex always chooses the same outgoing edge. For fixed horizon or fixed stopping-time distribution, stationary plans are not sufficient for optimality. Quite surprisingly we show that when an adversary chooses the stopping-time distribution with expected stopping-time T, then stationary plans are sufficient. While computing optimal stationary plans for fixed horizon is NP-complete, we show that computing optimal stationary plans under adversarial stopping-time distribution can be achieved in polynomial time.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"11402","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","title":"Graph planning with expected finite horizon","intvolume":" 129","oa_version":"Preprint","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","citation":{"ista":"Chatterjee K, Doyen L. 2022. Graph planning with expected finite horizon. Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 129, 1–21.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee and L. Doyen, “Graph planning with expected finite horizon,” Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 129. Elsevier, pp. 1–21, 2022.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., & Doyen, L. (2022). Graph planning with expected finite horizon. Journal of Computer and System Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2022.04.003","ama":"Chatterjee K, Doyen L. Graph planning with expected finite horizon. Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 2022;129:1-21. doi:10.1016/j.jcss.2022.04.003","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, and Laurent Doyen. “Graph Planning with Expected Finite Horizon.” Journal of Computer and System Sciences. Elsevier, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2022.04.003.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, and Laurent Doyen. “Graph Planning with Expected Finite Horizon.” Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 129, Elsevier, 2022, pp. 1–21, doi:10.1016/j.jcss.2022.04.003.","short":"K. Chatterjee, L. Doyen, Journal of Computer and System Sciences 129 (2022) 1–21."},"article_type":"original","page":"1-21","date_published":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"},{"author":[{"full_name":"Grover, Kush","last_name":"Grover","first_name":"Kush"},{"last_name":"Kretinsky","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-8122-2881","id":"44CEF464-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kretinsky, Jan"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1712-2165","id":"b21b0c15-30a2-11eb-80dc-f13ca25802e1","last_name":"Meggendorfer","first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Meggendorfer, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Weininger, Maimilian","first_name":"Maimilian","last_name":"Weininger"}],"date_created":"2023-03-28T08:09:32Z","date_updated":"2023-09-26T10:43:30Z","volume":243,"acknowledgement":"Kush Grover: The author has been supported by the DFG research training group GRK\r\n2428 ConVeY.\r\nMaximilian Weininger: The author has been partially supported by DFG projects 383882557\r\nStatistical Unbounded Verification (SUV) and 427755713 Group-By Objectives in Probabilistic\r\nVerification (GOPro)","year":"2022","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","file_date_updated":"2023-09-26T10:43:15Z","article_number":"11","conference":{"name":"CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory","location":"Warsaw, Poland","start_date":"2022-09-13","end_date":"2022-09-16"},"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2022.11","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2008.04824"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","month":"09","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"]},"file":[{"file_id":"14372","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"e282e43d3ae0ba6e067b72f4583e13c0","date_updated":"2023-09-26T10:43:15Z","date_created":"2023-09-26T10:43:15Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2022_LIPIcS_Grover.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":960036,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"12775","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","title":"Anytime guarantees for reachability in uncountable Markov decision processes","ddc":["000"],"intvolume":" 243","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider the problem of approximating the reachability probabilities in Markov decision processes (MDP) with uncountable (continuous) state and action spaces. While there are algorithms that, for special classes of such MDP, provide a sequence of approximations converging to the true value in the limit, our aim is to obtain an algorithm with guarantees on the precision of the approximation.\r\nAs this problem is undecidable in general, assumptions on the MDP are necessary. Our main contribution is to identify sufficient assumptions that are as weak as possible, thus approaching the \"boundary\" of which systems can be correctly and reliably analyzed. To this end, we also argue why each of our assumptions is necessary for algorithms based on processing finitely many observations.\r\nWe present two solution variants. The first one provides converging lower bounds under weaker assumptions than typical ones from previous works concerned with guarantees. The second one then utilizes stronger assumptions to additionally provide converging upper bounds. Altogether, we obtain an anytime algorithm, i.e. yielding a sequence of approximants with known and iteratively improving precision, converging to the true value in the limit. Besides, due to the generality of our assumptions, our algorithms are very general templates, readily allowing for various heuristics from literature in contrast to, e.g., a specific discretization algorithm. Our theoretical contribution thus paves the way for future practical improvements without sacrificing correctness guarantees."}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"date_published":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","publication":"33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory ","citation":{"mla":"Grover, Kush, et al. “Anytime Guarantees for Reachability in Uncountable Markov Decision Processes.” 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory , vol. 243, 11, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2022, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2022.11.","short":"K. Grover, J. Kretinsky, T. Meggendorfer, M. Weininger, in:, 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory , Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2022.","chicago":"Grover, Kush, Jan Kretinsky, Tobias Meggendorfer, and Maimilian Weininger. “Anytime Guarantees for Reachability in Uncountable Markov Decision Processes.” In 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory , Vol. 243. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2022.11.","ama":"Grover K, Kretinsky J, Meggendorfer T, Weininger M. Anytime guarantees for reachability in uncountable Markov decision processes. In: 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory . Vol 243. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2022. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2022.11","ista":"Grover K, Kretinsky J, Meggendorfer T, Weininger M. 2022. Anytime guarantees for reachability in uncountable Markov decision processes. 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory . CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 243, 11.","apa":"Grover, K., Kretinsky, J., Meggendorfer, T., & Weininger, M. (2022). Anytime guarantees for reachability in uncountable Markov decision processes. In 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory (Vol. 243). Warsaw, Poland: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2022.11","ieee":"K. Grover, J. Kretinsky, T. Meggendorfer, and M. Weininger, “Anytime guarantees for reachability in uncountable Markov decision processes,” in 33rd International Conference on Concurrency Theory , Warsaw, Poland, 2022, vol. 243."},"day":"15","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1"},{"abstract":[{"text":"We consider the quantitative problem of obtaining lower-bounds on the probability of termination of a given non-deterministic probabilistic program. Specifically, given a non-termination threshold p∈[0,1], we aim for certificates proving that the program terminates with probability at least 1−p. The basic idea of our approach is to find a terminating stochastic invariant, i.e. a subset SI of program states such that (i) the probability of the program ever leaving SI is no more than p, and (ii) almost-surely, the program either leaves SI or terminates.\r\n\r\nWhile stochastic invariants are already well-known, we provide the first proof that the idea above is not only sound, but also complete for quantitative termination analysis. We then introduce a novel sound and complete characterization of stochastic invariants that enables template-based approaches for easy synthesis of quantitative termination certificates, especially in affine or polynomial forms. Finally, by combining this idea with the existing martingale-based methods that are relatively complete for qualitative termination analysis, we obtain the first automated, sound, and relatively complete algorithm for quantitative termination analysis. Notably, our completeness guarantees for quantitative termination analysis are as strong as the best-known methods for the qualitative variant.\r\n\r\nOur prototype implementation demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach on various probabilistic programs. We also demonstrate that our algorithm certifies lower bounds on termination probability for probabilistic programs that are beyond the reach of previous methods.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2022_LNCS_Chatterjee.pdf","file_size":505094,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"alisjak","relation":"main_file","file_id":"12003","checksum":"24e0f810ec52735a90ade95198bc641d","success":1,"date_created":"2022-08-29T09:17:01Z","date_updated":"2022-08-29T09:17:01Z"}],"_id":"12000","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","ddc":["000"],"title":"Sound and complete certificates for auantitative termination analysis of probabilistic programs","status":"public","intvolume":" 13371","day":"07","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","publication":"Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification","citation":{"chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Amir Kafshdar Goharshady, Tobias Meggendorfer, and Dorde Zikelic. “Sound and Complete Certificates for Auantitative Termination Analysis of Probabilistic Programs.” In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, 13371:55–78. Springer, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13185-1_4.","short":"K. Chatterjee, A.K. Goharshady, T. Meggendorfer, D. Zikelic, in:, Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Springer, 2022, pp. 55–78.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Sound and Complete Certificates for Auantitative Termination Analysis of Probabilistic Programs.” Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, vol. 13371, Springer, 2022, pp. 55–78, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13185-1_4.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, A. K., Meggendorfer, T., & Zikelic, D. (2022). Sound and complete certificates for auantitative termination analysis of probabilistic programs. In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (Vol. 13371, pp. 55–78). Haifa, Israel: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13185-1_4","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, A. K. Goharshady, T. Meggendorfer, and D. Zikelic, “Sound and complete certificates for auantitative termination analysis of probabilistic programs,” in Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Haifa, Israel, 2022, vol. 13371, pp. 55–78.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady AK, Meggendorfer T, Zikelic D. 2022. Sound and complete certificates for auantitative termination analysis of probabilistic programs. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. CAV: Computer Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 13371, 55–78.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady AK, Meggendorfer T, Zikelic D. Sound and complete certificates for auantitative termination analysis of probabilistic programs. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. Vol 13371. Springer; 2022:55-78. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13185-1_4"},"page":"55-78","file_date_updated":"2022-08-29T09:17:01Z","ec_funded":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"id":"391365CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1702-6584","first_name":"Amir Kafshdar","last_name":"Goharshady","full_name":"Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar"},{"id":"b21b0c15-30a2-11eb-80dc-f13ca25802e1","orcid":"0000-0002-1712-2165","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Meggendorfer","full_name":"Meggendorfer, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","first_name":"Dorde","last_name":"Zikelic"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"14539"}]},"date_created":"2022-08-28T22:02:02Z","date_updated":"2023-11-30T10:55:37Z","volume":13371,"year":"2022","acknowledgement":"This research was partially supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), the HKUST-Kaisa Joint Research Institute Project Grant HKJRI3A-055, the HKUST Startup Grant R9272 and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Springer","month":"08","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"isbn":["9783031131844"],"eissn":["1611-3349"]},"conference":{"location":"Haifa, Israel","start_date":"2022-08-07","end_date":"2022-08-10","name":"CAV: Computer Aided Verification"},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-13185-1_4","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000870304500004"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}]},{"month":"06","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2159-5399"],"isbn":["9781577358350"],"eissn":["2374-3468"]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2112.09495"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.09495"}],"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","grant_number":"101020093"},{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"665385","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"doi":"10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20695","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093, ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme\r\nunder the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","year":"2022","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","author":[{"first_name":"Mathias","last_name":"Lechner","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lechner, Mathias"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14539","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"date_updated":"2023-11-30T10:55:37Z","date_created":"2023-02-05T17:29:50Z","volume":36,"scopus_import":"1","keyword":["General Medicine"],"day":"28","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","citation":{"ama":"Lechner M, Zikelic D, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. Stability verification in stochastic control systems via neural network supermartingales. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2022;36(7):7326-7336. doi:10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20695","ista":"Lechner M, Zikelic D, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. 2022. Stability verification in stochastic control systems via neural network supermartingales. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 36(7), 7326–7336.","apa":"Lechner, M., Zikelic, D., Chatterjee, K., & Henzinger, T. A. (2022). Stability verification in stochastic control systems via neural network supermartingales. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20695","ieee":"M. Lechner, D. Zikelic, K. Chatterjee, and T. A. Henzinger, “Stability verification in stochastic control systems via neural network supermartingales,” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 36, no. 7. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 7326–7336, 2022.","mla":"Lechner, Mathias, et al. “Stability Verification in Stochastic Control Systems via Neural Network Supermartingales.” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 36, no. 7, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2022, pp. 7326–36, doi:10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20695.","short":"M. Lechner, D. Zikelic, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36 (2022) 7326–7336.","chicago":"Lechner, Mathias, Dorde Zikelic, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Stability Verification in Stochastic Control Systems via Neural Network Supermartingales.” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20695."},"article_type":"original","page":"7326-7336","date_published":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"We consider the problem of formally verifying almost-sure (a.s.) asymptotic stability in discrete-time nonlinear stochastic control systems. While verifying stability in deterministic control systems is extensively studied in the literature, verifying stability in stochastic control systems is an open problem. The few existing works on this topic either consider only specialized forms of stochasticity or make restrictive assumptions on the system, rendering them inapplicable to learning algorithms with neural network policies. \r\n In this work, we present an approach for general nonlinear stochastic control problems with two novel aspects: (a) instead of classical stochastic extensions of Lyapunov functions, we use ranking supermartingales (RSMs) to certify a.s. asymptotic stability, and (b) we present a method for learning neural network RSMs. \r\n We prove that our approach guarantees a.s. asymptotic stability of the system and\r\n provides the first method to obtain bounds on the stabilization time, which stochastic Lyapunov functions do not.\r\n Finally, we validate our approach experimentally on a set of nonlinear stochastic reinforcement learning environments with neural network policies.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"7","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"12511","title":"Stability verification in stochastic control systems via neural network supermartingales","status":"public","intvolume":" 36","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"ec_funded":1,"abstract":[{"text":"In this work, we address the problem of learning provably stable neural\r\nnetwork policies for stochastic control systems. While recent work has\r\ndemonstrated the feasibility of certifying given policies using martingale\r\ntheory, the problem of how to learn such policies is little explored. Here, we\r\nstudy the effectiveness of jointly learning a policy together with a martingale\r\ncertificate that proves its stability using a single learning algorithm. We\r\nobserve that the joint optimization problem becomes easily stuck in local\r\nminima when starting from a randomly initialized policy. Our results suggest\r\nthat some form of pre-training of the policy is required for the joint\r\noptimization to repair and verify the policy successfully.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14539","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","first_name":"Dorde","last_name":"Zikelic","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699"},{"full_name":"Lechner, Mathias","last_name":"Lechner","first_name":"Mathias","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-11-24T13:22:30Z","date_updated":"2023-11-30T10:55:37Z","year":"2022","_id":"14601","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"status":"public","publication_status":"submitted","title":"Learning stabilizing policies in stochastic control systems","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"24","month":"05","date_published":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2205.11991","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2205.11991"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11991","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Zikelic, Dorde, et al. “Learning Stabilizing Policies in Stochastic Control Systems.” ArXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2205.11991.","short":"D. Zikelic, M. Lechner, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, ArXiv (n.d.).","chicago":"Zikelic, Dorde, Mathias Lechner, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Learning Stabilizing Policies in Stochastic Control Systems.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.11991.","ama":"Zikelic D, Lechner M, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. Learning stabilizing policies in stochastic control systems. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2205.11991","ista":"Zikelic D, Lechner M, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. Learning stabilizing policies in stochastic control systems. arXiv, 10.48550/arXiv.2205.11991.","ieee":"D. Zikelic, M. Lechner, K. Chatterjee, and T. A. Henzinger, “Learning stabilizing policies in stochastic control systems,” arXiv. .","apa":"Zikelic, D., Lechner, M., Chatterjee, K., & Henzinger, T. A. (n.d.). Learning stabilizing policies in stochastic control systems. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.11991"},"publication":"arXiv","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","grant_number":"101020093"},{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"grant_number":"665385","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program"}]},{"day":"29","month":"11","article_processing_charge":"No","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"101020093","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software"},{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication":"arXiv","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-SA (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_sa.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode"},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.05308"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2210.05308"]},"oa":1,"citation":{"short":"D. Zikelic, M. Lechner, T.A. Henzinger, K. Chatterjee, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Zikelic, Dorde, et al. “Learning Control Policies for Stochastic Systems with Reach-Avoid Guarantees.” ArXiv, doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2210.05308.","chicago":"Zikelic, Dorde, Mathias Lechner, Thomas A Henzinger, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Learning Control Policies for Stochastic Systems with Reach-Avoid Guarantees.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2210.05308.","ama":"Zikelic D, Lechner M, Henzinger TA, Chatterjee K. Learning control policies for stochastic systems with reach-avoid guarantees. arXiv. doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2210.05308","apa":"Zikelic, D., Lechner, M., Henzinger, T. A., & Chatterjee, K. (n.d.). Learning control policies for stochastic systems with reach-avoid guarantees. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2210.05308","ieee":"D. Zikelic, M. Lechner, T. A. Henzinger, and K. Chatterjee, “Learning control policies for stochastic systems with reach-avoid guarantees,” arXiv. .","ista":"Zikelic D, Lechner M, Henzinger TA, Chatterjee K. Learning control policies for stochastic systems with reach-avoid guarantees. arXiv, 10.48550/ARXIV.2210.05308."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.48550/ARXIV.2210.05308","date_published":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","type":"preprint","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study the problem of learning controllers for discrete-time non-linear stochastic dynamical systems with formal reach-avoid guarantees. This work presents the first method for providing formal reach-avoid guarantees, which combine and generalize stability and safety guarantees, with a tolerable probability threshold $p\\in[0,1]$ over the infinite time horizon. Our method leverages advances in machine learning literature and it represents formal certificates as neural networks. In particular, we learn a certificate in the form of a reach-avoid supermartingale (RASM), a novel notion that we introduce in this work. Our RASMs provide reachability and avoidance guarantees by imposing constraints on what can be viewed as a stochastic extension of level sets of Lyapunov functions for deterministic systems. Our approach solves several important problems -- it can be used to learn a control policy from scratch, to verify a reach-avoid specification for a fixed control policy, or to fine-tune a pre-trained policy if it does not satisfy the reach-avoid specification. We validate our approach on $3$ stochastic non-linear reinforcement learning tasks."}],"ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication_status":"submitted","title":"Learning control policies for stochastic systems with reach-avoid guarantees","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"year":"2022","_id":"14600","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_created":"2023-11-24T13:10:09Z","date_updated":"2024-01-22T14:08:29Z","oa_version":"Preprint","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde"},{"last_name":"Lechner","first_name":"Mathias","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lechner, Mathias"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A"},{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14539","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"relation":"later_version","status":"public","id":"14830"}]}},{"date_published":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Jecker IR, Mazzocchi N, Wolf P. Decomposing permutation automata. In: 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory. Vol 203. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik; 2021. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.18","ieee":"I. R. Jecker, N. Mazzocchi, and P. Wolf, “Decomposing permutation automata,” in 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Paris, France, 2021, vol. 203.","apa":"Jecker, I. R., Mazzocchi, N., & Wolf, P. (2021). Decomposing permutation automata. In 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory (Vol. 203). Paris, France: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.18","ista":"Jecker IR, Mazzocchi N, Wolf P. 2021. Decomposing permutation automata. 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 203, 18.","short":"I.R. Jecker, N. Mazzocchi, P. Wolf, in:, 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021.","mla":"Jecker, Ismael R., et al. “Decomposing Permutation Automata.” 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory, vol. 203, 18, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.18.","chicago":"Jecker, Ismael R, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and Petra Wolf. “Decomposing Permutation Automata.” In 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Vol. 203. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.18."},"publication":"32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"13","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_size":1003552,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_CONCUR_Jecker.pdf","checksum":"4722c81be82265cf45e78adf9db91250","success":1,"date_updated":"2021-10-01T11:10:53Z","date_created":"2021-10-01T11:10:53Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"10064"}],"intvolume":" 203","status":"public","title":"Decomposing permutation automata","ddc":["000"],"_id":"10052","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) 𝒜 is composite if its language L(𝒜) can be decomposed into an intersection ⋂_{i = 1}^k L(𝒜_i) of languages of smaller DFAs. Otherwise, 𝒜 is prime. This notion of primality was introduced by Kupferman and Mosheiff in 2013, and while they proved that we can decide whether a DFA is composite, the precise complexity of this problem is still open, with a doubly-exponential gap between the upper and lower bounds. In this work, we focus on permutation DFAs, i.e., those for which the transition monoid is a group. We provide an NP algorithm to decide whether a permutation DFA is composite, and show that the difficulty of this problem comes from the number of non-accepting states of the instance: we give a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm with the number of rejecting states as the parameter. Moreover, we investigate the class of commutative permutation DFAs. Their structural properties allow us to decide compositionality in NL, and even in LOGSPACE if the alphabet size is fixed. Despite this low complexity, we show that complex behaviors still arise in this class: we provide a family of composite DFAs each requiring polynomially many factors with respect to its size. We also consider the variant of the problem that asks whether a DFA is k-factor composite, that is, decomposable into k smaller DFAs, for some given integer k ∈ ℕ. We show that, for commutative permutation DFAs, restricting the number of factors makes the decision computationally harder, and yields a problem with tight bounds: it is NP-complete. Finally, we show that in general, this problem is in PSPACE, and it is in LOGSPACE for DFAs with a singleton alphabet."}],"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.18","conference":{"name":"CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory","end_date":"2021-08-27","start_date":"2021-08-23","location":"Paris, France"},"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411"}],"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2107.04683"]},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-9597-7203-7"],"issn":["1868-8969"]},"month":"08","volume":203,"date_updated":"2022-05-13T08:12:52Z","date_created":"2021-09-27T14:33:14Z","author":[{"last_name":"Jecker","first_name":"Ismael R","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425","full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R"},{"full_name":"Mazzocchi, Nicolas","first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Mazzocchi"},{"last_name":"Wolf","first_name":"Petra","full_name":"Wolf, Petra"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"Ismaël Jecker: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411. Nicolas Mazzocchi: BOSCO project PGC2018-102210-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), BLOQUESCM project S2018/TCS-4339, and MINECO grant RYC-2016-20281.\r\nPetra Wolf : DFG project FE 560/9-1.\r\n","year":"2021","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-10-01T11:10:53Z","article_number":"18"},{"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"abstract":[{"text":"Graphs and games on graphs are fundamental models for the analysis of reactive systems, in particular, for model-checking and the synthesis of reactive systems. The class of ω-regular languages provides a robust specification formalism for the desired properties of reactive systems. In the classical infinitary formulation of the liveness part of an ω-regular specification, a \"good\" event must happen eventually without any bound between the good events. A stronger notion of liveness is bounded liveness, which requires that good events happen within d transitions. Given a graph or a game graph with n vertices, m edges, and a bounded liveness objective, the previous best-known algorithmic bounds are as follows: (i) O(dm) for graphs, which in the worst-case is O(n³); and (ii) O(n² d²) for games on graphs. Our main contributions improve these long-standing algorithmic bounds. For graphs we present: (i) a randomized algorithm with one-sided error with running time O(n^{2.5} log n) for the bounded liveness objectives; and (ii) a deterministic linear-time algorithm for the complement of bounded liveness objectives. For games on graphs, we present an O(n² d) time algorithm for the bounded liveness objectives.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","_id":"10054","title":"Faster algorithms for bounded liveness in graphs and game graphs","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","intvolume":" 198","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"10062","date_updated":"2021-10-01T08:49:26Z","date_created":"2021-10-01T08:49:26Z","checksum":"5a3fed8dbba8c088cbeac1e24cc10bc5","success":1,"file_name":"2021_LIPIcs_Chatterjee.pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_size":854576,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"02","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming","citation":{"ista":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger MH, Kale SS, Svozil A. 2021. Faster algorithms for bounded liveness in graphs and game graphs. 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming. ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, LIPIcs, vol. 198, 124.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, M. H., Kale, S. S., & Svozil, A. (2021). Faster algorithms for bounded liveness in graphs and game graphs. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (Vol. 198). Glasgow, Scotland: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.124","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, M. H. Henzinger, S. S. Kale, and A. Svozil, “Faster algorithms for bounded liveness in graphs and game graphs,” in 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, Glasgow, Scotland, 2021, vol. 198.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger MH, Kale SS, Svozil A. Faster algorithms for bounded liveness in graphs and game graphs. In: 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming. Vol 198. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik; 2021. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.124","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Monika H Henzinger, Sagar Sudhir Kale, and Alexander Svozil. “Faster Algorithms for Bounded Liveness in Graphs and Game Graphs.” In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, Vol. 198. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.124.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Faster Algorithms for Bounded Liveness in Graphs and Game Graphs.” 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, vol. 198, 124, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.124.","short":"K. Chatterjee, M.H. Henzinger, S.S. Kale, A. Svozil, in:, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021."},"date_published":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","article_number":"124","file_date_updated":"2021-10-01T08:49:26Z","ec_funded":1,"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"Krishnendu Chatterjee: Supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt). Monika Henzinger: Supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and netIDEE SCIENCE project P 33775-N. Sagar Sudhir Kale: Partially supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) through project ICT15-003. Alexander Svozil: Fully supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) through project ICT15-003.","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","first_name":"Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger"},{"full_name":"Kale, Sagar Sudhir","last_name":"Kale","first_name":"Sagar Sudhir"},{"full_name":"Svozil, Alexander","last_name":"Svozil","first_name":"Alexander"}],"date_created":"2021-09-27T14:33:15Z","date_updated":"2022-08-12T10:55:02Z","volume":198,"month":"07","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"],"isbn":["978-3-95977-195-5"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"}],"conference":{"name":"ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming","end_date":"2021-07-16","location":"Glasgow, Scotland","start_date":"2021-07-12"},"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.124","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"],"isbn":["978-3-9597-7201-3"]},"month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.53","conference":{"location":"Tallinn, Estonia","start_date":"2021-08-23","end_date":"2021-08-27","name":"MFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science"},"project":[{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2105.02611"]},"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-10-06T12:44:05Z","article_number":"53","volume":202,"date_created":"2021-10-03T22:01:23Z","date_updated":"2022-05-13T08:21:56Z","author":[{"full_name":"Guha, Shibashis","last_name":"Guha","first_name":"Shibashis"},{"id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425","first_name":"Ismael R","last_name":"Jecker","full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R"},{"first_name":"Karoliina","last_name":"Lehtinen","full_name":"Lehtinen, Karoliina"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Zimmermann","full_name":"Zimmermann, Martin"}],"department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik","publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"Ismaël Jecker: Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 754411. Karoliina Lehtinen: Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 892704.","year":"2021","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"18","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Guha, Shibashis, Ismael R Jecker, Karoliina Lehtinen, and Martin Zimmermann. “A Bit of Nondeterminism Makes Pushdown Automata Expressive and Succinct.” In 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Vol. 202. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.53.","short":"S. Guha, I.R. Jecker, K. Lehtinen, M. Zimmermann, in:, 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021.","mla":"Guha, Shibashis, et al. “A Bit of Nondeterminism Makes Pushdown Automata Expressive and Succinct.” 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, vol. 202, 53, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.53.","apa":"Guha, S., Jecker, I. R., Lehtinen, K., & Zimmermann, M. (2021). A bit of nondeterminism makes pushdown automata expressive and succinct. In 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (Vol. 202). Tallinn, Estonia: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.53","ieee":"S. Guha, I. R. Jecker, K. Lehtinen, and M. Zimmermann, “A bit of nondeterminism makes pushdown automata expressive and succinct,” in 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Tallinn, Estonia, 2021, vol. 202.","ista":"Guha S, Jecker IR, Lehtinen K, Zimmermann M. 2021. A bit of nondeterminism makes pushdown automata expressive and succinct. 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. MFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 202, 53.","ama":"Guha S, Jecker IR, Lehtinen K, Zimmermann M. A bit of nondeterminism makes pushdown automata expressive and succinct. In: 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. Vol 202. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik; 2021. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.53"},"publication":"46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science","abstract":[{"text":"We study the expressiveness and succinctness of good-for-games pushdown automata (GFG-PDA) over finite words, that is, pushdown automata whose nondeterminism can be resolved based on the run constructed so far, but independently of the remainder of the input word. We prove that GFG-PDA recognise more languages than deterministic PDA (DPDA) but not all context-free languages (CFL). This class is orthogonal to unambiguous CFL. We further show that GFG-PDA can be exponentially more succinct than DPDA, while PDA can be double-exponentially more succinct than GFG-PDA. We also study GFGness in visibly pushdown automata (VPA), which enjoy better closure properties than PDA, and for which we show GFGness to be ExpTime-complete. GFG-VPA can be exponentially more succinct than deterministic VPA, while VPA can be exponentially more succinct than GFG-VPA. Both of these lower bounds are tight. Finally, we study the complexity of resolving nondeterminism in GFG-PDA. Every GFG-PDA has a positional resolver, a function that resolves nondeterminism and that is only dependant on the current configuration. Pushdown transducers are sufficient to implement the resolvers of GFG-VPA, but not those of GFG-PDA. GFG-PDA with finite-state resolvers are determinisable.","lang":"eng"}],"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"type":"conference","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_id":"10097","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2021-10-06T12:44:05Z","date_created":"2021-10-06T12:44:05Z","success":1,"checksum":"f4d407d43a97330c3fb11e6a7a6fbfb2","file_name":"2021_LIPIcs_Guha.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"cchlebak","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":825567}],"intvolume":" 202","ddc":["000"],"title":"A bit of nondeterminism makes pushdown automata expressive and succinct","status":"public","_id":"10075","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2110.01279"]},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411"}],"conference":{"location":"Virtual","start_date":"2021-12-15","end_date":"2021-12-17","name":"FSTTCS: Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science"},"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.34","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"11","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"],"isbn":["978-3-9597-7215-0"]},"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"We like to thank Lukas Fleischer and Michael Wehar for our discussions. This work started at the Schloss Dagstuhl Event 20483 Moderne Aspekte der Komplexitätstheorie in der Automatentheorie https://www.dagstuhl.de/20483.\r\n","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik","author":[{"full_name":"Arrighi, Emmanuel","first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Arrighi"},{"full_name":"Fernau, Henning","first_name":"Henning","last_name":"Fernau"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Hoffmann","full_name":"Hoffmann, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Holzer","first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Holzer, Markus"},{"full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R","last_name":"Jecker","first_name":"Ismael R","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425"},{"last_name":"De Oliveira Oliveira","first_name":"Mateus","full_name":"De Oliveira Oliveira, Mateus"},{"full_name":"Wolf, Petra","first_name":"Petra","last_name":"Wolf"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-17T10:56:19Z","date_created":"2022-01-16T23:01:29Z","volume":213,"article_number":"34","file_date_updated":"2022-01-17T10:49:03Z","ec_funded":1,"publication":"41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science","citation":{"ama":"Arrighi E, Fernau H, Hoffmann S, et al. On the complexity of intersection non-emptiness for star-free language classes. In: 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. Vol 213. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik; 2021. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.34","apa":"Arrighi, E., Fernau, H., Hoffmann, S., Holzer, M., Jecker, I. R., De Oliveira Oliveira, M., & Wolf, P. (2021). On the complexity of intersection non-emptiness for star-free language classes. In 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (Vol. 213). Virtual: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.34","ieee":"E. Arrighi et al., “On the complexity of intersection non-emptiness for star-free language classes,” in 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Virtual, 2021, vol. 213.","ista":"Arrighi E, Fernau H, Hoffmann S, Holzer M, Jecker IR, De Oliveira Oliveira M, Wolf P. 2021. On the complexity of intersection non-emptiness for star-free language classes. 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. FSTTCS: Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 213, 34.","short":"E. Arrighi, H. Fernau, S. Hoffmann, M. Holzer, I.R. Jecker, M. De Oliveira Oliveira, P. Wolf, in:, 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021.","mla":"Arrighi, Emmanuel, et al. “On the Complexity of Intersection Non-Emptiness for Star-Free Language Classes.” 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 213, 34, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.34.","chicago":"Arrighi, Emmanuel, Henning Fernau, Stefan Hoffmann, Markus Holzer, Ismael R Jecker, Mateus De Oliveira Oliveira, and Petra Wolf. “On the Complexity of Intersection Non-Emptiness for Star-Free Language Classes.” In 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 213. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.34."},"date_published":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"29","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"10630","status":"public","title":"On the complexity of intersection non-emptiness for star-free language classes","ddc":["000"],"intvolume":" 213","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_LIPIcs_Arrighi.pdf","file_size":844224,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","relation":"main_file","file_id":"10634","checksum":"d5a82ba893c3bc5da5914edbb3efb92b","success":1,"date_created":"2022-01-17T10:49:03Z","date_updated":"2022-01-17T10:49:03Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the Intersection Non-emptiness problem, we are given a list of finite automata A_1, A_2,… , A_m over a common alphabet Σ as input, and the goal is to determine whether some string w ∈ Σ^* lies in the intersection of the languages accepted by the automata in the list. We analyze the complexity of the Intersection Non-emptiness problem under the promise that all input automata accept a language in some level of the dot-depth hierarchy, or some level of the Straubing-Thérien hierarchy. Automata accepting languages from the lowest levels of these hierarchies arise naturally in the context of model checking. We identify a dichotomy in the dot-depth hierarchy by showing that the problem is already NP-complete when all input automata accept languages of the levels B_0 or B_{1/2} and already PSPACE-hard when all automata accept a language from the level B_1. Conversely, we identify a tetrachotomy in the Straubing-Thérien hierarchy. More precisely, we show that the problem is in AC^0 when restricted to level L_0; complete for L or NL, depending on the input representation, when restricted to languages in the level L_{1/2}; NP-complete when the input is given as DFAs accepting a language in L_1 or L_{3/2}; and finally, PSPACE-complete when the input automata accept languages in level L_2 or higher. Moreover, we show that the proof technique used to show containment in NP for DFAs accepting languages in L_1 or L_{3/2} does not generalize to the context of NFAs. To prove this, we identify a family of languages that provide an exponential separation between the state complexity of general NFAs and that of partially ordered NFAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first superpolynomial separation between these two models of computation."}]},{"month":"11","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-9597-7215-0"],"issn":["1868-8969"]},"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":"FSTTCS: Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science","end_date":"2021-12-17","start_date":"2021-12-15","location":"Virtual"},"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.42","article_number":"42","file_date_updated":"2022-01-17T10:36:08Z","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","year":"2021","date_created":"2022-01-16T23:01:28Z","date_updated":"2022-01-17T10:39:40Z","volume":213,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4783-0389","id":"3B699956-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ibsen-Jensen","first_name":"Rasmus","full_name":"Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus"},{"full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Pavlogiannis"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"29","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science","citation":{"ama":"Chatterjee K, Ibsen-Jensen R, Pavlogiannis A. Quantitative verification on product graphs of small treewidth. In: 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. Vol 213. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2021. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.42","ista":"Chatterjee K, Ibsen-Jensen R, Pavlogiannis A. 2021. Quantitative verification on product graphs of small treewidth. 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. FSTTCS: Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 213, 42.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Ibsen-Jensen, R., & Pavlogiannis, A. (2021). Quantitative verification on product graphs of small treewidth. In 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (Vol. 213). Virtual: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.42","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, R. Ibsen-Jensen, and A. Pavlogiannis, “Quantitative verification on product graphs of small treewidth,” in 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Virtual, 2021, vol. 213.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Quantitative Verification on Product Graphs of Small Treewidth.” 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 213, 42, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2021, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.42.","short":"K. Chatterjee, R. Ibsen-Jensen, A. Pavlogiannis, in:, 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2021.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen, and Andreas Pavlogiannis. “Quantitative Verification on Product Graphs of Small Treewidth.” In 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 213. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.42."},"date_published":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"Product graphs arise naturally in formal verification and program analysis. For example, the analysis of two concurrent threads requires the product of two component control-flow graphs, and for language inclusion of deterministic automata the product of two automata is constructed. In many cases, the component graphs have constant treewidth, e.g., when the input contains control-flow graphs of programs. We consider the algorithmic analysis of products of two constant-treewidth graphs with respect to three classic specification languages, namely, (a) algebraic properties, (b) mean-payoff properties, and (c) initial credit for energy properties.\r\nOur main contributions are as follows. Consider a graph G that is the product of two constant-treewidth graphs of size n each. First, given an idempotent semiring, we present an algorithm that computes the semiring transitive closure of G in time Õ(n⁴). Since the output has size Θ(n⁴), our algorithm is optimal (up to polylog factors). Second, given a mean-payoff objective, we present an O(n³)-time algorithm for deciding whether the value of a starting state is non-negative, improving the previously known O(n⁴) bound. Third, given an initial credit for energy objective, we present an O(n⁵)-time algorithm for computing the minimum initial credit for all nodes of G, improving the previously known O(n⁸) bound. At the heart of our approach lies an algorithm for the efficient construction of strongly-balanced tree decompositions of constant-treewidth graphs. Given a constant-treewidth graph G' of n nodes and a positive integer λ, our algorithm constructs a binary tree decomposition of G' of width O(λ) with the property that the size of each subtree decreases geometrically with rate (1/2 + 2^{-λ}).","lang":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"],"status":"public","title":"Quantitative verification on product graphs of small treewidth","intvolume":" 213","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"10629","file":[{"file_id":"10633","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"71141acdeffa9056f24d6dbef952d254","date_created":"2022-01-17T10:36:08Z","date_updated":"2022-01-17T10:36:08Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_LIPIcs_Chatterjee.pdf","creator":"cchlebak","file_size":891566,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version"},{"project":[{"name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.06636","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2005.06636"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1137/1.9781611976465.38","conference":{"name":"SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","end_date":"2021-01-13","start_date":"2021-01-10","location":"Virtual"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-1-61197-646-5"]},"month":"01","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","editor":[{"first_name":"Dániel","last_name":"Marx","full_name":"Marx, Dániel"}],"publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"This research was supported in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award), ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt), and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","year":"2021","date_updated":"2022-01-27T12:58:43Z","date_created":"2022-01-27T12:11:23Z","author":[{"id":"463C8BC2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5588-8287","first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Avni","full_name":"Avni, Guy"},{"full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R","first_name":"Ismael R","last_name":"Jecker","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425"},{"id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde"}],"ec_funded":1,"page":"617-636","citation":{"chicago":"Avni, Guy, Ismael R Jecker, and Dorde Zikelic. “Infinite-Duration All-Pay Bidding Games.” In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, edited by Dániel Marx, 617–36. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611976465.38.","short":"G. Avni, I.R. Jecker, D. Zikelic, in:, D. Marx (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2021, pp. 617–636.","mla":"Avni, Guy, et al. “Infinite-Duration All-Pay Bidding Games.” Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, edited by Dániel Marx, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2021, pp. 617–36, doi:10.1137/1.9781611976465.38.","ieee":"G. Avni, I. R. Jecker, and D. Zikelic, “Infinite-duration all-pay bidding games,” in Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Virtual, 2021, pp. 617–636.","apa":"Avni, G., Jecker, I. R., & Zikelic, D. (2021). Infinite-duration all-pay bidding games. In D. Marx (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (pp. 617–636). Virtual: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611976465.38","ista":"Avni G, Jecker IR, Zikelic D. 2021. Infinite-duration all-pay bidding games. Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 617–636.","ama":"Avni G, Jecker IR, Zikelic D. Infinite-duration all-pay bidding games. In: Marx D, ed. Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; 2021:617-636. doi:10.1137/1.9781611976465.38"},"publication":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","date_published":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","status":"public","title":"Infinite-duration all-pay bidding games","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","_id":"10694","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"In a two-player zero-sum graph game the players move a token throughout a graph to produce an infinite path, which determines the winner or payoff of the game. Traditionally, the players alternate turns in moving the token. In bidding games, however, the players have budgets, and in each turn, we hold an “auction” (bidding) to determine which player moves the token: both players simultaneously submit bids and the higher bidder moves the token. The bidding mechanisms differ in their payment schemes. Bidding games were largely studied with variants of first-price bidding in which only the higher bidder pays his bid. We focus on all-pay bidding, where both players pay their bids. Finite-duration all-pay bidding games were studied and shown to be technically more challenging than their first-price counterparts. We study for the first time, infinite-duration all-pay bidding games. Our most interesting results are for mean-payoff objectives: we portray a complete picture for games played on strongly-connected graphs. We study both pure (deterministic) and mixed (probabilistic) strategies and completely characterize the optimal and almost-sure (with probability 1) payoffs the players can respectively guarantee. We show that mean-payoff games under all-pay bidding exhibit the intriguing mathematical properties of their first-price counterparts; namely, an equivalence with random-turn games in which in each turn, the player who moves is selected according to a (biased) coin toss. The equivalences for all-pay bidding are more intricate and unexpected than for first-price bidding.","lang":"eng"}]},{"_id":"10847","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Solving partially observable stochastic shortest-path games","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study the two-player zero-sum extension of the partially observable stochastic shortest-path problem where one agent has only partial information about the environment. We formulate this problem as a partially observable stochastic game (POSG): given a set of target states and negative rewards for each transition, the player with imperfect information maximizes the expected undiscounted total reward until a target state is reached. The second player with the perfect information aims for the opposite. We base our formalism on POSGs with one-sided observability (OS-POSGs) and give the following contributions: (1) we introduce a novel heuristic search value iteration algorithm that iteratively solves depth-limited variants of the game, (2) we derive the bound on the depth guaranteeing an arbitrary precision, (3) we propose a novel upper-bound estimation that allows early terminations, and (4) we experimentally evaluate the algorithm on a pursuit-evasion game."}],"citation":{"mla":"Tomášek, Petr, et al. “Solving Partially Observable Stochastic Shortest-Path Games.” 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 2021, pp. 4182–89, doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/575.","short":"P. Tomášek, K. Horák, A. Aradhye, B. Bošanský, K. Chatterjee, in:, 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 2021, pp. 4182–4189.","chicago":"Tomášek, Petr, Karel Horák, Aditya Aradhye, Branislav Bošanský, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Solving Partially Observable Stochastic Shortest-Path Games.” In 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 4182–89. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/575.","ama":"Tomášek P, Horák K, Aradhye A, Bošanský B, Chatterjee K. Solving partially observable stochastic shortest-path games. In: 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence; 2021:4182-4189. doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/575","ista":"Tomášek P, Horák K, Aradhye A, Bošanský B, Chatterjee K. 2021. Solving partially observable stochastic shortest-path games. 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. IJCAI: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 4182–4189.","apa":"Tomášek, P., Horák, K., Aradhye, A., Bošanský, B., & Chatterjee, K. (2021). Solving partially observable stochastic shortest-path games. In 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 4182–4189). Virtual, Online: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/575","ieee":"P. Tomášek, K. Horák, A. Aradhye, B. Bošanský, and K. Chatterjee, “Solving partially observable stochastic shortest-path games,” in 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Virtual, Online, 2021, pp. 4182–4189."},"publication":"30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","page":"4182-4189","date_published":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (no. 19-24384Y), by the OP VVV MEYS funded project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16 019/0000765 “Research Center for Informatics”, by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), and by the Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative\r\nAgreement Number W911NF-13-2-0045 (ARL Cyber Security CRA). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as\r\nrepresenting the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes not withstanding any copyright notation here on. ","year":"2021","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Tomášek, Petr","last_name":"Tomášek","first_name":"Petr"},{"first_name":"Karel","last_name":"Horák","full_name":"Horák, Karel"},{"first_name":"Aditya","last_name":"Aradhye","full_name":"Aradhye, Aditya"},{"first_name":"Branislav","last_name":"Bošanský","full_name":"Bošanský, Branislav"},{"first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"date_updated":"2022-08-05T09:05:06Z","date_created":"2022-03-13T23:01:47Z","ec_funded":1,"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/575"}],"project":[{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2021/575","conference":{"end_date":"2021-08-27","start_date":"2021-08-19","location":"Virtual, Online","name":"IJCAI: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9780999241196"],"issn":["1045-0823"]},"month":"09"},{"intvolume":" 12635","status":"public","title":"On compatible matchings","_id":"9296","user_id":"D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425","oa_version":"Preprint","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":" matching is compatible to two or more labeled point sets of size n with labels {1,…,n} if its straight-line drawing on each of these point sets is crossing-free. We study the maximum number of edges in a matching compatible to two or more labeled point sets in general position in the plane. We show that for any two labeled convex sets of n points there exists a compatible matching with ⌊2n−−√⌋ edges. More generally, for any ℓ labeled point sets we construct compatible matchings of size Ω(n1/ℓ) . As a corresponding upper bound, we use probabilistic arguments to show that for any ℓ given sets of n points there exists a labeling of each set such that the largest compatible matching has O(n2/(ℓ+1)) edges. Finally, we show that Θ(logn) copies of any set of n points are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a labeling such that any compatible matching consists only of a single edge.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"221-233","citation":{"apa":"Aichholzer, O., Arroyo Guevara, A. M., Masárová, Z., Parada, I., Perz, D., Pilz, A., … Vogtenhuber, B. (2021). On compatible matchings. In 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation (Vol. 12635, pp. 221–233). Yangon, Myanmar: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68211-8_18","ieee":"O. Aichholzer et al., “On compatible matchings,” in 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation, Yangon, Myanmar, 2021, vol. 12635, pp. 221–233.","ista":"Aichholzer O, Arroyo Guevara AM, Masárová Z, Parada I, Perz D, Pilz A, Tkadlec J, Vogtenhuber B. 2021. On compatible matchings. 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation. WALCOM: Algorithms and Computation, LNCS, vol. 12635, 221–233.","ama":"Aichholzer O, Arroyo Guevara AM, Masárová Z, et al. On compatible matchings. In: 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation. Vol 12635. Springer Nature; 2021:221-233. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68211-8_18","chicago":"Aichholzer, Oswin, Alan M Arroyo Guevara, Zuzana Masárová, Irene Parada, Daniel Perz, Alexander Pilz, Josef Tkadlec, and Birgit Vogtenhuber. “On Compatible Matchings.” In 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation, 12635:221–33. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68211-8_18.","short":"O. Aichholzer, A.M. Arroyo Guevara, Z. Masárová, I. Parada, D. Perz, A. Pilz, J. Tkadlec, B. Vogtenhuber, in:, 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 221–233.","mla":"Aichholzer, Oswin, et al. “On Compatible Matchings.” 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation, vol. 12635, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 221–33, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68211-8_18."},"publication":"15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation","date_published":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"16","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"UlWa"},{"_id":"HeEd"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2021","acknowledgement":"A.A. funded by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754411. Z.M. partially funded by Wittgenstein Prize, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), grant no. Z 342-N31. I.P., D.P., and B.V. partially supported by FWF within the collaborative DACH project Arrangements and Drawings as FWF project I 3340-N35. A.P. supported by a Schrödinger fellowship of the FWF: J-3847-N35. J.T. partially supported by ERC Start grant no. (279307: Graph Games), FWF grant no. P23499-N23 and S11407-N23 (RiSE).","volume":12635,"date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:33:44Z","date_created":"2021-03-28T22:01:41Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"11938","status":"public","relation":"later_version"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Aichholzer, Oswin","last_name":"Aichholzer","first_name":"Oswin"},{"first_name":"Alan M","last_name":"Arroyo Guevara","id":"3207FDC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2401-8670","full_name":"Arroyo Guevara, Alan M"},{"first_name":"Zuzana","last_name":"Masárová","id":"45CFE238-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6660-1322","full_name":"Masárová, Zuzana"},{"full_name":"Parada, Irene","last_name":"Parada","first_name":"Irene"},{"last_name":"Perz","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Perz, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Pilz, Alexander","first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Pilz"},{"full_name":"Tkadlec, Josef","id":"3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-1097-9684","first_name":"Josef","last_name":"Tkadlec"},{"first_name":"Birgit","last_name":"Vogtenhuber","full_name":"Vogtenhuber, Birgit"}],"ec_funded":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"268116B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Z00342"},{"_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"279307","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications"},{"grant_number":"P 23499-N23","_id":"2584A770-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Game Theory","grant_number":"S11407","_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2101.03928"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03928"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-68211-8_18","conference":{"end_date":"2021-03-02","location":"Yangon, Myanmar","start_date":"2021-02-28","name":"WALCOM: Algorithms and Computation"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["03029743"],"eissn":["16113349"],"isbn":["9783030682101"]},"month":"02"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-0-262-04559-9"]},"day":"01","month":"03","series_title":"Strüngmann Forum Reports","date_published":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://esforum.de/publications/PDFs/sfr29/SFR29_09_Hilbe%20and%20Schmid.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"apa":"Schmid, L., & Hilbe, C. (2021). The evolution of strategic ignorance in strategic interaction. In R. Hertwig & C. Engel (Eds.), Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know (Vol. 29, pp. 139–152). MIT Press.","ieee":"L. Schmid and C. Hilbe, “The evolution of strategic ignorance in strategic interaction,” in Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know, vol. 29, R. Hertwig and C. Engel, Eds. MIT Press, 2021, pp. 139–152.","ista":"Schmid L, Hilbe C. 2021.The evolution of strategic ignorance in strategic interaction. In: Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know. vol. 29, 139–152.","ama":"Schmid L, Hilbe C. The evolution of strategic ignorance in strategic interaction. In: Hertwig R, Engel C, eds. Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know. Vol 29. Strüngmann Forum Reports. MIT Press; 2021:139-152.","chicago":"Schmid, Laura, and Christian Hilbe. “The Evolution of Strategic Ignorance in Strategic Interaction.” In Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know, edited by Ralph Hertwig and Christoph Engel, 29:139–52. Strüngmann Forum Reports. MIT Press, 2021.","short":"L. Schmid, C. Hilbe, in:, R. Hertwig, C. Engel (Eds.), Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know, MIT Press, 2021, pp. 139–152.","mla":"Schmid, Laura, and Christian Hilbe. “The Evolution of Strategic Ignorance in Strategic Interaction.” Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know, edited by Ralph Hertwig and Christoph Engel, vol. 29, MIT Press, 2021, pp. 139–52."},"oa":1,"publication":"Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know","page":"139-152","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Optimal decision making requires individuals to know their available options and to anticipate correctly what consequences these options have. In many social interactions, however, we refrain from gathering all relevant information, even if this information would help us make better decisions and is costless to obtain. This chapter examines several examples of “deliberate ignorance.” Two simple models are proposed to illustrate how ignorance can evolve among self-interested and payoff - maximizing individuals, and open problems are highlighted that lie ahead for future research to explore."}],"type":"book_chapter","author":[{"id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"},{"full_name":"Hilbe, Christian","last_name":"Hilbe","first_name":"Christian"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","volume":29,"date_updated":"2023-02-23T13:57:04Z","date_created":"2021-05-19T12:25:42Z","_id":"9403","year":"2021","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"MIT Press","intvolume":" 29","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"editor":[{"first_name":"Ralph","last_name":"Hertwig","full_name":"Hertwig, Ralph"},{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Engel","full_name":"Engel, Christoph"}],"title":"The evolution of strategic ignorance in strategic interaction","status":"public"},{"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"abstract":[{"text":"Several problems in planning and reactive synthesis can be reduced to the analysis of two-player quantitative graph games. Optimization is one form of analysis. We argue that in many cases it may be better to replace the optimization problem with the satisficing problem, where instead of searching for optimal solutions, the goal is to search for solutions that adhere to a given threshold bound.\r\nThis work defines and investigates the satisficing problem on a two-player graph game with the discounted-sum cost model. We show that while the satisficing problem can be solved using numerical methods just like the optimization problem, this approach does not render compelling benefits over optimization. When the discount factor is, however, an integer, we present another approach to satisficing, which is purely based on automata methods. We show that this approach is algorithmically more performant – both theoretically and empirically – and demonstrates the broader applicability of satisficing over optimization.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"12767","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","title":"On satisficing in quantitative games","intvolume":" 12651","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"12777","date_updated":"2023-03-28T11:00:33Z","date_created":"2023-03-28T11:00:33Z","checksum":"b020b78b23587ce7610b1aafb4e63438","success":1,"file_name":"2021_LNCS_Bansal.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":747418,"creator":"dernst"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","day":"21","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems","citation":{"chicago":"Bansal, Suguman, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Moshe Y. Vardi. “On Satisficing in Quantitative Games.” In 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 12651:20–37. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2.","short":"S. Bansal, K. Chatterjee, M.Y. Vardi, in:, 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 20–37.","mla":"Bansal, Suguman, et al. “On Satisficing in Quantitative Games.” 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, vol. 12651, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 20–37, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2.","ieee":"S. Bansal, K. Chatterjee, and M. Y. Vardi, “On satisficing in quantitative games,” in 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, 2021, vol. 12651, pp. 20–37.","apa":"Bansal, S., Chatterjee, K., & Vardi, M. Y. (2021). On satisficing in quantitative games. In 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (Vol. 12651, pp. 20–37). Luxembourg City, Luxembourg: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2","ista":"Bansal S, Chatterjee K, Vardi MY. 2021. On satisficing in quantitative games. 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, LNCS, vol. 12651, 20–37.","ama":"Bansal S, Chatterjee K, Vardi MY. On satisficing in quantitative games. In: 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. Vol 12651. Springer Nature; 2021:20-37. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2"},"page":"20-37","date_published":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2023-03-28T11:00:33Z","ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank anonymous reviewers for valuable inputs. This work is supported in part by NSF grant 2030859 to the CRA for the CIFellows Project, NSF grants IIS-1527668, CCF-1704883, IIS-1830549, the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), and an award from the Maryland Procurement Office.","year":"2021","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Bansal, Suguman","first_name":"Suguman","last_name":"Bansal"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Vardi, Moshe Y.","first_name":"Moshe Y.","last_name":"Vardi"}],"date_created":"2023-03-26T22:01:09Z","date_updated":"2023-03-28T11:03:11Z","volume":12651,"month":"03","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"isbn":["9783030720155"],"eissn":["1611-3349"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2101.02594"]},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"}],"conference":{"name":"TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems","location":"Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","start_date":"2021-03-27","end_date":"2021-04-01"},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","citation":{"ama":"Lechner M, Žikelić Ð, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. Infinite time horizon safety of Bayesian neural networks. In: 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. ; 2021. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2111.03165","ista":"Lechner M, Žikelić Ð, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. 2021. Infinite time horizon safety of Bayesian neural networks. 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, .","apa":"Lechner, M., Žikelić, Ð., Chatterjee, K., & Henzinger, T. A. (2021). Infinite time horizon safety of Bayesian neural networks. In 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Virtual. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.03165","ieee":"M. Lechner, Ð. Žikelić, K. Chatterjee, and T. A. Henzinger, “Infinite time horizon safety of Bayesian neural networks,” in 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Virtual, 2021.","mla":"Lechner, Mathias, et al. “Infinite Time Horizon Safety of Bayesian Neural Networks.” 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2021, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2111.03165.","short":"M. Lechner, Ð. Žikelić, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, in:, 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2021.","chicago":"Lechner, Mathias, Ðorđe Žikelić, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Infinite Time Horizon Safety of Bayesian Neural Networks.” In 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2021. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.03165."},"date_published":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","type":"conference","alternative_title":[" Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) place distributions over the weights of a neural network to model uncertainty in the data and the network's prediction. We consider the problem of verifying safety when running a Bayesian neural network policy in a feedback loop with infinite time horizon systems. Compared to the existing sampling-based approaches, which are inapplicable to the infinite time horizon setting, we train a separate deterministic neural network that serves as an infinite time horizon safety certificate. In particular, we show that the certificate network guarantees the safety of the system over a subset of the BNN weight posterior's support. Our method first computes a safe weight set and then alters the BNN's weight posterior to reject samples outside this set. Moreover, we show how to extend our approach to a safe-exploration reinforcement learning setting, in order to avoid unsafe trajectories during the training of the policy. We evaluate our approach on a series of reinforcement learning benchmarks, including non-Lyapunovian safety specifications."}],"user_id":"2EBD1598-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"10667","title":"Infinite time horizon safety of Bayesian neural networks","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"file":[{"file_id":"10682","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2022-01-26T07:39:59Z","date_updated":"2022-01-26T07:39:59Z","success":1,"checksum":"0fc0f852525c10dda9cc9ffea07fb4e4","file_name":"infinite_time_horizon_safety_o.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"mlechner","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":452492}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"12","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (3.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/hash/544defa9fddff50c53b71c43e0da72be-Abstract.html"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2111.03165"]},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"665385","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"},{"name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"conference":{"name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2021-12-10","start_date":"2021-12-06","location":"Virtual"},"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2111.03165","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-01-26T07:39:59Z","ec_funded":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/","year":"2021","acknowledgement":"This research was supported in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award), ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Lechner, Mathias","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Mathias","last_name":"Lechner"},{"full_name":"Žikelić, Ðorđe","first_name":"Ðorđe","last_name":"Žikelić"},{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"11362","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"date_updated":"2023-06-23T07:01:11Z","date_created":"2022-01-25T15:45:58Z"},{"intvolume":" 289","title":"Optimal strategies for selecting coordinators","ddc":["510"],"status":"public","_id":"8793","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_name":"2021_DiscreteApplMath_Zeiner.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":652739,"creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","file_id":"9089","date_created":"2021-02-04T11:28:42Z","date_updated":"2021-02-04T11:28:42Z","checksum":"f1039ff5a2d6ca116720efdb84ee9d5e","success":1}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We study optimal election sequences for repeatedly selecting a (very) small group of leaders among a set of participants (players) with publicly known unique ids. In every time slot, every player has to select exactly one player that it considers to be the current leader, oblivious to the selection of the other players, but with the overarching goal of maximizing a given parameterized global (“social”) payoff function in the limit. We consider a quite generic model, where the local payoff achieved by a given player depends, weighted by some arbitrary but fixed real parameter, on the number of different leaders chosen in a round, the number of players that choose the given player as the leader, and whether the chosen leader has changed w.r.t. the previous round or not. The social payoff can be the maximum, average or minimum local payoff of the players. Possible applications include quite diverse examples such as rotating coordinator-based distributed algorithms and long-haul formation flying of social birds. Depending on the weights and the particular social payoff, optimal sequences can be very different, from simple round-robin where all players chose the same leader alternatingly every time slot to very exotic patterns, where a small group of leaders (at most 2) is elected in every time slot. Moreover, we study the question if and when a single player would not benefit w.r.t. its local payoff when deviating from the given optimal sequence, i.e., when our optimal sequences are Nash equilibria in the restricted strategy space of oblivious strategies. As this is the case for many parameterizations of our model, our results reveal that no punishment is needed to make it rational for the players to optimize the social payoff.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"392-415","article_type":"original","citation":{"mla":"Zeiner, Martin, et al. “Optimal Strategies for Selecting Coordinators.” Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 289, no. 1, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 392–415, doi:10.1016/j.dam.2020.10.022.","short":"M. Zeiner, U. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, Discrete Applied Mathematics 289 (2021) 392–415.","chicago":"Zeiner, Martin, Ulrich Schmid, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Optimal Strategies for Selecting Coordinators.” Discrete Applied Mathematics. Elsevier, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2020.10.022.","ama":"Zeiner M, Schmid U, Chatterjee K. Optimal strategies for selecting coordinators. Discrete Applied Mathematics. 2021;289(1):392-415. doi:10.1016/j.dam.2020.10.022","ista":"Zeiner M, Schmid U, Chatterjee K. 2021. Optimal strategies for selecting coordinators. Discrete Applied Mathematics. 289(1), 392–415.","ieee":"M. Zeiner, U. Schmid, and K. Chatterjee, “Optimal strategies for selecting coordinators,” Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 289, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 392–415, 2021.","apa":"Zeiner, M., Schmid, U., & Chatterjee, K. (2021). Optimal strategies for selecting coordinators. Discrete Applied Mathematics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2020.10.022"},"publication":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","date_published":"2021-01-31T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"31","publisher":"Elsevier","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Matthias Függer and Thomas Nowak for having raised our interest in the problem studied in this paper.\r\nThis work has been supported the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects S11405, S11407 (RiSE), and P28182 (ADynNet).","year":"2021","volume":289,"date_updated":"2023-08-04T11:12:41Z","date_created":"2020-11-22T23:01:26Z","author":[{"full_name":"Zeiner, Martin","last_name":"Zeiner","first_name":"Martin"},{"last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Schmid, Ulrich"},{"id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"file_date_updated":"2021-02-04T11:28:42Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering","grant_number":"S11402-N23","_id":"25F2ACDE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11407","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Game Theory"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000596823800035"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.dam.2020.10.022","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0166218X"]},"month":"01"},{"article_number":"e1008523","file_date_updated":"2021-05-11T13:50:06Z","ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"Authors would like to thank Christian Hilbe and Martin Nowak for their inspiring and very helpful feedback on the manuscript.","year":"2021","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Public Library of Science","author":[{"id":"4E21749C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Kleshnina","full_name":"Kleshnina, Maria"},{"full_name":"Streipert, Sabrina S.","first_name":"Sabrina S.","last_name":"Streipert"},{"first_name":"Jerzy A.","last_name":"Filar","full_name":"Filar, Jerzy A."},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_created":"2021-05-09T22:01:38Z","date_updated":"2023-08-08T13:31:08Z","volume":17,"month":"04","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["15537358"],"issn":["1553734X"]},"external_id":{"isi":["000639711200001"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"},{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008523","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A game of rock-paper-scissors is an interesting example of an interaction where none of the pure strategies strictly dominates all others, leading to a cyclic pattern. In this work, we consider an unstable version of rock-paper-scissors dynamics and allow individuals to make behavioural mistakes during the strategy execution. We show that such an assumption can break a cyclic relationship leading to a stable equilibrium emerging with only one strategy surviving. We consider two cases: completely random mistakes when individuals have no bias towards any strategy and a general form of mistakes. Then, we determine conditions for a strategy to dominate all other strategies. However, given that individuals who adopt a dominating strategy are still prone to behavioural mistakes in the observed behaviour, we may still observe extinct strategies. That is, behavioural mistakes in strategy execution stabilise evolutionary dynamics leading to an evolutionary stable and, potentially, mixed co-existence equilibrium."}],"issue":"4","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"9381","ddc":["000"],"title":"Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games","status":"public","intvolume":" 17","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"9385","checksum":"a94ebe0c4116f5047eaa6029e54d2dac","success":1,"date_updated":"2021-05-11T13:50:06Z","date_created":"2021-05-11T13:50:06Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_pcbi_Kleshnina.pdf","file_size":1323820,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"kschuh"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"PLoS Computational Biology","citation":{"chicago":"Kleshnina, Maria, Sabrina S. Streipert, Jerzy A. Filar, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Mistakes Can Stabilise the Dynamics of Rock-Paper-Scissors Games.” PLoS Computational Biology. Public Library of Science, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008523.","short":"M. Kleshnina, S.S. Streipert, J.A. Filar, K. Chatterjee, PLoS Computational Biology 17 (2021).","mla":"Kleshnina, Maria, et al. “Mistakes Can Stabilise the Dynamics of Rock-Paper-Scissors Games.” PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 17, no. 4, e1008523, Public Library of Science, 2021, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008523.","ieee":"M. Kleshnina, S. S. Streipert, J. A. Filar, and K. Chatterjee, “Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games,” PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 17, no. 4. Public Library of Science, 2021.","apa":"Kleshnina, M., Streipert, S. S., Filar, J. A., & Chatterjee, K. (2021). Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games. PLoS Computational Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008523","ista":"Kleshnina M, Streipert SS, Filar JA, Chatterjee K. 2021. Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games. PLoS Computational Biology. 17(4), e1008523.","ama":"Kleshnina M, Streipert SS, Filar JA, Chatterjee K. Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games. PLoS Computational Biology. 2021;17(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008523"},"article_type":"original","date_published":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"},{"article_number":"4009","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-07-19T13:02:20Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"K.C. acknowledges support from ERC Start grant no. (279307: Graph Games), ERC Consolidator grant no. (863818: ForM-SMart), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant no. P23499-N23 and S11407-N23 (RiSE). M.A.N. acknowledges support from Office of Naval Research grant N00014-16-1-2914 and from the John Templeton Foundation.","volume":12,"date_updated":"2023-08-10T14:05:09Z","date_created":"2021-07-11T22:01:15Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-1097-9684","id":"3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Tkadlec","first_name":"Josef","full_name":"Tkadlec, Josef"},{"last_name":"Pavlogiannis","first_name":"Andreas","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X"},{"last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"Martin A.","full_name":"Nowak, Martin A."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20411723"]},"month":"06","project":[{"grant_number":"279307","_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"},{"grant_number":"P 23499-N23","_id":"2584A770-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S 11407_N23"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000671752100003"],"pmid":["34188036"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-24271-w","type":"journal_article","issue":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Selection and random drift determine the probability that novel mutations fixate in a population. Population structure is known to affect the dynamics of the evolutionary process. Amplifiers of selection are population structures that increase the fixation probability of beneficial mutants compared to well-mixed populations. Over the past 15 years, extensive research has produced remarkable structures called strong amplifiers which guarantee that every beneficial mutation fixates with high probability. But strong amplification has come at the cost of considerably delaying the fixation event, which can slow down the overall rate of evolution. However, the precise relationship between fixation probability and time has remained elusive. Here we characterize the slowdown effect of strong amplification. First, we prove that all strong amplifiers must delay the fixation event at least to some extent. Second, we construct strong amplifiers that delay the fixation event only marginally as compared to the well-mixed populations. Our results thus establish a tight relationship between fixation probability and time: Strong amplification always comes at a cost of a slowdown, but more than a marginal slowdown is not needed."}],"intvolume":" 12","status":"public","title":"Fast and strong amplifiers of natural selection","ddc":["510"],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"9640","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"5767418926a7f7fb76151de29473dae0","date_updated":"2021-07-19T13:02:20Z","date_created":"2021-07-19T13:02:20Z","file_id":"9692","relation":"main_file","creator":"cziletti","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":628992,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_NatCoom_Tkadlec.pdf"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"29","article_type":"original","citation":{"mla":"Tkadlec, Josef, et al. “Fast and Strong Amplifiers of Natural Selection.” Nature Communications, vol. 12, no. 1, 4009, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24271-w.","short":"J. Tkadlec, A. Pavlogiannis, K. Chatterjee, M.A. Nowak, Nature Communications 12 (2021).","chicago":"Tkadlec, Josef, Andreas Pavlogiannis, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Martin A. Nowak. “Fast and Strong Amplifiers of Natural Selection.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24271-w.","ama":"Tkadlec J, Pavlogiannis A, Chatterjee K, Nowak MA. Fast and strong amplifiers of natural selection. Nature Communications. 2021;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24271-w","ista":"Tkadlec J, Pavlogiannis A, Chatterjee K, Nowak MA. 2021. Fast and strong amplifiers of natural selection. Nature Communications. 12(1), 4009.","ieee":"J. Tkadlec, A. Pavlogiannis, K. Chatterjee, and M. A. Nowak, “Fast and strong amplifiers of natural selection,” Nature Communications, vol. 12, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021.","apa":"Tkadlec, J., Pavlogiannis, A., Chatterjee, K., & Nowak, M. A. (2021). Fast and strong amplifiers of natural selection. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24271-w"},"publication":"Nature Communications","date_published":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z"},{"page":"1171-1186","publication":"Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","citation":{"chicago":"Wang, Jinyi, Yican Sun, Hongfei Fu, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Amir Kafshdar Goharshady. “Quantitative Analysis of Assertion Violations in Probabilistic Programs.” In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 1171–86. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454102.","short":"J. Wang, Y. Sun, H. Fu, K. Chatterjee, A.K. Goharshady, in:, Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, pp. 1171–1186.","mla":"Wang, Jinyi, et al. “Quantitative Analysis of Assertion Violations in Probabilistic Programs.” Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, pp. 1171–86, doi:10.1145/3453483.3454102.","apa":"Wang, J., Sun, Y., Fu, H., Chatterjee, K., & Goharshady, A. K. (2021). Quantitative analysis of assertion violations in probabilistic programs. In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (pp. 1171–1186). Online: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454102","ieee":"J. Wang, Y. Sun, H. Fu, K. Chatterjee, and A. K. Goharshady, “Quantitative analysis of assertion violations in probabilistic programs,” in Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Online, 2021, pp. 1171–1186.","ista":"Wang J, Sun Y, Fu H, Chatterjee K, Goharshady AK. 2021. Quantitative analysis of assertion violations in probabilistic programs. Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation, 1171–1186.","ama":"Wang J, Sun Y, Fu H, Chatterjee K, Goharshady AK. Quantitative analysis of assertion violations in probabilistic programs. In: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association for Computing Machinery; 2021:1171-1186. doi:10.1145/3453483.3454102"},"date_published":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","title":"Quantitative analysis of assertion violations in probabilistic programs","_id":"9646","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider the fundamental problem of deriving quantitative bounds on the probability that a given assertion is violated in a probabilistic program. We provide automated algorithms that obtain both lower and upper bounds on the assertion violation probability. The main novelty of our approach is that we prove new and dedicated fixed-point theorems which serve as the theoretical basis of our algorithms and enable us to reason about assertion violation bounds in terms of pre and post fixed-point functions. To synthesize such fixed-points, we devise algorithms that utilize a wide range of mathematical tools, including repulsing ranking supermartingales, Hoeffding's lemma, Minkowski decompositions, Jensen's inequality, and convex optimization. On the theoretical side, we provide (i) the first automated algorithm for lower-bounds on assertion violation probabilities, (ii) the first complete algorithm for upper-bounds of exponential form in affine programs, and (iii) provably and significantly tighter upper-bounds than the previous approaches. On the practical side, we show our algorithms can handle a wide variety of programs from the literature and synthesize bounds that are remarkably tighter than previous results, in some cases by thousands of orders of magnitude."}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"_id":"267066CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Quantitative Analysis of Probablistic Systems with a focus on Crypto-currencies"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.14617"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2011.14617"],"isi":["000723661700076"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":"PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation","end_date":"2021-06-26","start_date":"2021-06-20","location":"Online"},"doi":"10.1145/3453483.3454102","month":"06","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781450383912"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","acknowledgement":"We are very thankful to the anonymous reviewers for the helpful and valuable comments. The work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. 61802254, the Huawei Innovation Research Program, the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), the Facebook PhD Fellowship Program and DOC Fellowship #24956 of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW).","year":"2021","date_created":"2021-07-11T22:01:18Z","date_updated":"2023-08-10T14:14:08Z","author":[{"full_name":"Wang, Jinyi","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Jinyi"},{"full_name":"Sun, Yican","last_name":"Sun","first_name":"Yican"},{"id":"3AAD03D6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fu","first_name":"Hongfei","full_name":"Fu, Hongfei"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar","last_name":"Goharshady","first_name":"Amir Kafshdar","orcid":"0000-0003-1702-6584","id":"391365CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"ec_funded":1},{"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"acknowledgement":"This research was partially supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. 61802254, the Huawei Innovation Research Program, the Facebook PhD Fellowship Program, and DOC Fellowship No. 24956 of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW).","year":"2021","date_created":"2021-07-11T22:01:17Z","date_updated":"2023-08-10T14:13:39Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Asadi","full_name":"Asadi, Ali"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X"},{"id":"3AAD03D6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fu","first_name":"Hongfei","full_name":"Fu, Hongfei"},{"first_name":"Amir Kafshdar","last_name":"Goharshady","id":"391365CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1702-6584","full_name":"Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar"},{"full_name":"Mahdavi, Mohammad","first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Mahdavi"}],"ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications"},{"name":"Quantitative Analysis of Probablistic Systems with a focus on Crypto-currencies","_id":"267066CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03183862/","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000723661700050"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":" PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation","location":"Online","start_date":"2021-06-20","end_date":"2021-06-26"},"doi":"10.1145/3453483.3454076","month":"06","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781450383912"]},"status":"public","title":"Polynomial reachability witnesses via Stellensätze","_id":"9645","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"Submitted Version","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"We consider the fundamental problem of reachability analysis over imperative programs with real variables. Previous works that tackle reachability are either unable to handle programs consisting of general loops (e.g. symbolic execution), or lack completeness guarantees (e.g. abstract interpretation), or are not automated (e.g. incorrectness logic). In contrast, we propose a novel approach for reachability analysis that can handle general and complex loops, is complete, and can be entirely automated for a wide family of programs. Through the notion of Inductive Reachability Witnesses (IRWs), our approach extends ideas from both invariant generation and termination to reachability analysis.\r\n\r\nWe first show that our IRW-based approach is sound and complete for reachability analysis of imperative programs. Then, we focus on linear and polynomial programs and develop automated methods for synthesizing linear and polynomial IRWs. In the linear case, we follow the well-known approaches using Farkas' Lemma. Our main contribution is in the polynomial case, where we present a push-button semi-complete algorithm. We achieve this using a novel combination of classical theorems in real algebraic geometry, such as Putinar's Positivstellensatz and Hilbert's Strong Nullstellensatz. Finally, our experimental results show we can prove complex reachability objectives over various benchmarks that were beyond the reach of previous methods.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"772-787","publication":"Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","citation":{"apa":"Asadi, A., Chatterjee, K., Fu, H., Goharshady, A. K., & Mahdavi, M. (2021). Polynomial reachability witnesses via Stellensätze. In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (pp. 772–787). Online: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454076","ieee":"A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, H. Fu, A. K. Goharshady, and M. Mahdavi, “Polynomial reachability witnesses via Stellensätze,” in Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Online, 2021, pp. 772–787.","ista":"Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Fu H, Goharshady AK, Mahdavi M. 2021. Polynomial reachability witnesses via Stellensätze. Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation, 772–787.","ama":"Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Fu H, Goharshady AK, Mahdavi M. Polynomial reachability witnesses via Stellensätze. In: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association for Computing Machinery; 2021:772-787. doi:10.1145/3453483.3454076","chicago":"Asadi, Ali, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Hongfei Fu, Amir Kafshdar Goharshady, and Mohammad Mahdavi. “Polynomial Reachability Witnesses via Stellensätze.” In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 772–87. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454076.","short":"A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, H. Fu, A.K. Goharshady, M. Mahdavi, in:, Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, pp. 772–787.","mla":"Asadi, Ali, et al. “Polynomial Reachability Witnesses via Stellensätze.” Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, pp. 772–87, doi:10.1145/3453483.3454076."},"date_published":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"ec_funded":1,"author":[{"id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Dvorak, Wolfgang","last_name":"Dvorak","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"first_name":"Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H"},{"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Svozil","full_name":"Svozil, Alexander"}],"date_created":"2021-09-12T22:01:24Z","date_updated":"2023-08-14T06:51:33Z","year":"2021","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for their valuable comments. A. S. is fully supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) through project ICT15–003. K. C. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) NFN Grant No S11407-N23 (RiSE/SHiNE) and by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt). For M. H. the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013) / ERC Grant Agreement no. 340506.","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","month":"07","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1043-6871"],"eisbn":["978-1-6654-4895-6"],"isbn":["978-1-6654-4896-3"]},"conference":{"end_date":"2021-07-02","location":"Rome, Italy","start_date":"2021-06-29","name":"LICS: Symposium on Logic in Computer Science"},"doi":"10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470739","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07466"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000947350400089"],"arxiv":["2104.07466"]},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11407","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Game Theory"},{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a faster symbolic algorithm for the following central problem in probabilistic verification: Compute the maximal end-component (MEC) decomposition of Markov decision processes (MDPs). This problem generalizes the SCC decomposition problem of graphs and closed recurrent sets of Markov chains. The model of symbolic algorithms is widely used in formal verification and model-checking, where access to the input model is restricted to only symbolic operations (e.g., basic set operations and computation of one-step neighborhood). For an input MDP with n vertices and m edges, the classical symbolic algorithm from the 1990s for the MEC decomposition requires O(n2) symbolic operations and O(1) symbolic space. The only other symbolic algorithm for the MEC decomposition requires O(nm−−√) symbolic operations and O(m−−√) symbolic space. A main open question is whether the worst-case O(n2) bound for symbolic operations can be beaten. We present a symbolic algorithm that requires O˜(n1.5) symbolic operations and O˜(n−−√) symbolic space. Moreover, the parametrization of our algorithm provides a trade-off between symbolic operations and symbolic space: for all 0<ϵ≤1/2 the symbolic algorithm requires O˜(n2−ϵ) symbolic operations and O˜(nϵ) symbolic space ( O˜ hides poly-logarithmic factors). Using our techniques we present faster algorithms for computing the almost-sure winning regions of ω -regular objectives for MDPs. We consider the canonical parity objectives for ω -regular objectives, and for parity objectives with d -priorities we present an algorithm that computes the almost-sure winning region with O˜(n2−ϵ) symbolic operations and O˜(nϵ) symbolic space, for all 0<ϵ≤1/2 ."}],"type":"conference","oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"10002","status":"public","title":"Symbolic time and space tradeoffs for probabilistic verification","day":"07","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","keyword":["Computer science","Computational modeling","Markov processes","Probabilistic logic","Formal verification","Game Theory"],"date_published":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","publication":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science","citation":{"ama":"Chatterjee K, Dvorak W, Henzinger MH, Svozil A. Symbolic time and space tradeoffs for probabilistic verification. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2021:1-13. doi:10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470739","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, W. Dvorak, M. H. Henzinger, and A. Svozil, “Symbolic time and space tradeoffs for probabilistic verification,” in Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Rome, Italy, 2021, pp. 1–13.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Dvorak, W., Henzinger, M. H., & Svozil, A. (2021). Symbolic time and space tradeoffs for probabilistic verification. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (pp. 1–13). Rome, Italy: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470739","ista":"Chatterjee K, Dvorak W, Henzinger MH, Svozil A. 2021. Symbolic time and space tradeoffs for probabilistic verification. Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. LICS: Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1–13.","short":"K. Chatterjee, W. Dvorak, M.H. Henzinger, A. Svozil, in:, Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021, pp. 1–13.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Symbolic Time and Space Tradeoffs for Probabilistic Verification.” Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021, pp. 1–13, doi:10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470739.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Wolfgang Dvorak, Monika H Henzinger, and Alexander Svozil. “Symbolic Time and Space Tradeoffs for Probabilistic Verification.” In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1–13. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470739."},"page":"1-13"},{"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07278"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000947350400036"],"arxiv":["2104.07278"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2021-07-02","location":"Rome, Italy","start_date":"2021-06-29","name":"LICS: Symposium on Logic in Computer Science"},"doi":"10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470595","month":"07","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-1-6654-4896-3"],"eisbn":["978-1-6654-4895-6"],"issn":["1043-6871"]},"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers of LICS 2021 and of a previous version of this paper for insightful comments that helped improving the presentation. This research was partially supported by the grant ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt).","date_updated":"2023-08-14T06:52:07Z","date_created":"2021-09-12T22:01:25Z","author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X"},{"full_name":"Doyen, Laurent","last_name":"Doyen","first_name":"Laurent"}],"ec_funded":1,"page":"1-13","publication":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science","citation":{"chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, and Laurent Doyen. “Stochastic Processes with Expected Stopping Time.” In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1–13. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470595.","short":"K. Chatterjee, L. Doyen, in:, Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021, pp. 1–13.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, and Laurent Doyen. “Stochastic Processes with Expected Stopping Time.” Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021, pp. 1–13, doi:10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470595.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., & Doyen, L. (2021). Stochastic processes with expected stopping time. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (pp. 1–13). Rome, Italy: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470595","ieee":"K. Chatterjee and L. Doyen, “Stochastic processes with expected stopping time,” in Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Rome, Italy, 2021, pp. 1–13.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Doyen L. 2021. Stochastic processes with expected stopping time. Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. LICS: Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1–13.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Doyen L. Stochastic processes with expected stopping time. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2021:1-13. doi:10.1109/LICS52264.2021.9470595"},"date_published":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","keyword":["Computer science","Heuristic algorithms","Memory management","Automata","Markov processes","Probability distribution","Complexity theory"],"scopus_import":"1","day":"07","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Stochastic processes with expected stopping time","status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"10004","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"Markov chains are the de facto finite-state model for stochastic dynamical systems, and Markov decision processes (MDPs) extend Markov chains by incorporating non-deterministic behaviors. Given an MDP and rewards on states, a classical optimization criterion is the maximal expected total reward where the MDP stops after T steps, which can be computed by a simple dynamic programming algorithm. We consider a natural generalization of the problem where the stopping times can be chosen according to a probability distribution, such that the expected stopping time is T, to optimize the expected total reward. Quite surprisingly we establish inter-reducibility of the expected stopping-time problem for Markov chains with the Positivity problem (which is related to the well-known Skolem problem), for which establishing either decidability or undecidability would be a major breakthrough. Given the hardness of the exact problem, we consider the approximate version of the problem: we show that it can be solved in exponential time for Markov chains and in exponential space for MDPs.","lang":"eng"}]},{"conference":{"name":"STACS: Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science","start_date":"2021-03-16","location":"Saarbrücken, Germany","end_date":"2021-03-19"},"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.44","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000635691700044"]},"oa":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"month":"03","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-9597-7180-1"],"issn":["1868-8969"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425","last_name":"Jecker","first_name":"Ismael R"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-14T07:03:23Z","date_created":"2021-09-27T14:33:15Z","volume":187,"acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411. I wish to thank Michaël Cadilhac, Emmanuel Filiot and Charles Paperman for their valuable insights concerning Green’s relations.","year":"2021","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik","file_date_updated":"2021-10-01T09:55:00Z","ec_funded":1,"article_number":"44","date_published":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","publication":"38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science","citation":{"apa":"Jecker, I. R. (2021). A Ramsey theorem for finite monoids. In 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (Vol. 187). Saarbrücken, Germany: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.44","ieee":"I. R. Jecker, “A Ramsey theorem for finite monoids,” in 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2021, vol. 187.","ista":"Jecker IR. 2021. A Ramsey theorem for finite monoids. 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. STACS: Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 187, 44.","ama":"Jecker IR. A Ramsey theorem for finite monoids. In: 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. Vol 187. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik; 2021. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.44","chicago":"Jecker, Ismael R. “A Ramsey Theorem for Finite Monoids.” In 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Vol. 187. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.44.","short":"I.R. Jecker, in:, 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021.","mla":"Jecker, Ismael R. “A Ramsey Theorem for Finite Monoids.” 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, vol. 187, 44, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, 2021, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.44."},"day":"10","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":720250,"creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_LIPIcs_Jecker.pdf","checksum":"17432a05733f408de300e17e390a90e4","success":1,"date_updated":"2021-10-01T09:55:00Z","date_created":"2021-10-01T09:55:00Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"10063"}],"_id":"10055","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","title":"A Ramsey theorem for finite monoids","intvolume":" 187","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Repeated idempotent elements are commonly used to characterise iterable behaviours in abstract models of computation. Therefore, given a monoid M, it is natural to ask how long a sequence of elements of M needs to be to ensure the presence of consecutive idempotent factors. This question is formalised through the notion of the Ramsey function R_M associated to M, obtained by mapping every k ∈ ℕ to the minimal integer R_M(k) such that every word u ∈ M^* of length R_M(k) contains k consecutive non-empty factors that correspond to the same idempotent element of M. In this work, we study the behaviour of the Ramsey function R_M by investigating the regular 𝒟-length of M, defined as the largest size L(M) of a submonoid of M isomorphic to the set of natural numbers {1,2, …, L(M)} equipped with the max operation. We show that the regular 𝒟-length of M determines the degree of R_M, by proving that k^L(M) ≤ R_M(k) ≤ (k|M|⁴)^L(M). To allow applications of this result, we provide the value of the regular 𝒟-length of diverse monoids. In particular, we prove that the full monoid of n × n Boolean matrices, which is used to express transition monoids of non-deterministic automata, has a regular 𝒟-length of (n²+n+2)/2."}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"]},{"conference":{"start_date":"2021-07-20","location":"Virtual","end_date":"2021-07-23","name":"CAV: Computer Aided Verification "},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_16","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000698732400016"],"arxiv":["2105.06424"]},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Efficient Algorithms for Computer Aided Verification","grant_number":"ICT15-003","_id":"25892FC0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"month":"07","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-030-81684-1"],"eissn":["1611-3349"],"issn":["0302-9743"],"eisbn":["978-3-030-81685-8"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Pratyush","last_name":"Agarwal","full_name":"Agarwal, Pratyush"},{"first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"first_name":"Shreya","last_name":"Pathak","full_name":"Pathak, Shreya"},{"full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Pavlogiannis"},{"full_name":"Toman, Viktor","orcid":"0000-0001-9036-063X","id":"3AF3DA7C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Toman","first_name":"Viktor"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"10199"}]},"date_updated":"2023-09-07T13:30:27Z","date_created":"2021-09-05T22:01:24Z","volume":"12759 ","year":"2021","acknowledgement":"The research was partially funded by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) through project ICT15-003.","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","file_date_updated":"2022-05-13T07:00:20Z","ec_funded":1,"date_published":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","publication":"33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification ","citation":{"short":"P. Agarwal, K. Chatterjee, S. Pathak, A. Pavlogiannis, V. Toman, in:, 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification , Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 341–366.","mla":"Agarwal, Pratyush, et al. “Stateless Model Checking under a Reads-Value-from Equivalence.” 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification , vol. 12759, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 341–66, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_16.","chicago":"Agarwal, Pratyush, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Shreya Pathak, Andreas Pavlogiannis, and Viktor Toman. “Stateless Model Checking under a Reads-Value-from Equivalence.” In 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification , 12759:341–66. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_16.","ama":"Agarwal P, Chatterjee K, Pathak S, Pavlogiannis A, Toman V. Stateless model checking under a reads-value-from equivalence. In: 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification . Vol 12759. Springer Nature; 2021:341-366. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_16","apa":"Agarwal, P., Chatterjee, K., Pathak, S., Pavlogiannis, A., & Toman, V. (2021). Stateless model checking under a reads-value-from equivalence. In 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (Vol. 12759, pp. 341–366). Virtual: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_16","ieee":"P. Agarwal, K. Chatterjee, S. Pathak, A. Pavlogiannis, and V. Toman, “Stateless model checking under a reads-value-from equivalence,” in 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification , Virtual, 2021, vol. 12759, pp. 341–366.","ista":"Agarwal P, Chatterjee K, Pathak S, Pavlogiannis A, Toman V. 2021. Stateless model checking under a reads-value-from equivalence. 33rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification . CAV: Computer Aided Verification , LNCS, vol. 12759, 341–366."},"page":"341-366","day":"15","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"date_created":"2022-05-13T07:00:20Z","date_updated":"2022-05-13T07:00:20Z","success":1,"checksum":"4b346e5fbaa8b9bdf107819c7b2aadee","file_id":"11368","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1516756,"file_name":"2021_LNCS_Agarwal.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"9987","title":"Stateless model checking under a reads-value-from equivalence","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Stateless model checking (SMC) is one of the standard approaches to the verification of concurrent programs. As scheduling non-determinism creates exponentially large spaces of thread interleavings, SMC attempts to partition this space into equivalence classes and explore only a few representatives from each class. The efficiency of this approach depends on two factors: (a) the coarseness of the partitioning, and (b) the time to generate representatives in each class. For this reason, the search for coarse partitionings that are efficiently explorable is an active research challenge. In this work we present RVF-SMC , a new SMC algorithm that uses a novel reads-value-from (RVF) partitioning. Intuitively, two interleavings are deemed equivalent if they agree on the value obtained in each read event, and read events induce consistent causal orderings between them. The RVF partitioning is provably coarser than recent approaches based on Mazurkiewicz and “reads-from” partitionings. Our experimental evaluation reveals that RVF is quite often a very effective equivalence, as the underlying partitioning is exponentially coarser than other approaches. Moreover, RVF-SMC generates representatives very efficiently, as the reduction in the partitioning is often met with significant speed-ups in the model checking task."}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LNCS"]},{"article_type":"original","publication":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","citation":{"mla":"Bui, Truc Lam, et al. “The Reads-from Equivalence for the TSO and PSO Memory Models.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 5, no. OOPSLA, 164, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, doi:10.1145/3485541.","short":"T.L. Bui, K. Chatterjee, T. Gautam, A. Pavlogiannis, V. Toman, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5 (2021).","chicago":"Bui, Truc Lam, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Tushar Gautam, Andreas Pavlogiannis, and Viktor Toman. “The Reads-from Equivalence for the TSO and PSO Memory Models.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3485541.","ama":"Bui TL, Chatterjee K, Gautam T, Pavlogiannis A, Toman V. The reads-from equivalence for the TSO and PSO memory models. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 2021;5(OOPSLA). doi:10.1145/3485541","ista":"Bui TL, Chatterjee K, Gautam T, Pavlogiannis A, Toman V. 2021. The reads-from equivalence for the TSO and PSO memory models. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 5(OOPSLA), 164.","ieee":"T. L. Bui, K. Chatterjee, T. Gautam, A. Pavlogiannis, and V. Toman, “The reads-from equivalence for the TSO and PSO memory models,” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 5, no. OOPSLA. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021.","apa":"Bui, T. L., Chatterjee, K., Gautam, T., Pavlogiannis, A., & Toman, V. (2021). The reads-from equivalence for the TSO and PSO memory models. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3485541"},"date_published":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","keyword":["safety","risk","reliability and quality","software"],"scopus_import":"1","day":"15","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"The reads-from equivalence for the TSO and PSO memory models","intvolume":" 5","_id":"10191","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","file":[{"checksum":"9d6dce7b611853c529bb7b1915ac579e","success":1,"date_created":"2021-11-04T07:24:48Z","date_updated":"2021-11-04T07:24:48Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"10215","file_size":2903485,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_ProcACMPL_Bui.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"In this work we solve the algorithmic problem of consistency verification for the TSO and PSO memory models given a reads-from map, denoted VTSO-rf and VPSO-rf, respectively. For an execution of n events over k threads and d variables, we establish novel bounds that scale as nk+1 for TSO and as nk+1· min(nk2, 2k· d) for PSO. Moreover, based on our solution to these problems, we develop an SMC algorithm under TSO and PSO that uses the RF equivalence. The algorithm is exploration-optimal, in the sense that it is guaranteed to explore each class of the RF partitioning exactly once, and spends polynomial time per class when k is bounded. Finally, we implement all our algorithms in the SMC tool Nidhugg, and perform a large number of experiments over benchmarks from existing literature. Our experimental results show that our algorithms for VTSO-rf and VPSO-rf provide significant scalability improvements over standard alternatives. Moreover, when used for SMC, the RF partitioning is often much coarser than the standard Shasha-Snir partitioning for TSO/PSO, which yields a significant speedup in the model checking task.\r\n\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"OOPSLA","quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Efficient Algorithms for Computer Aided Verification","_id":"25892FC0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"ICT15-003"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2011.11763"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1145/3485541","month":"10","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2475-1421"]},"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"The research was partially funded by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and the Vienna Science\r\nand Technology Fund (WWTF) through project ICT15-003.","date_updated":"2023-09-07T13:30:27Z","date_created":"2021-10-27T15:05:34Z","volume":5,"author":[{"last_name":"Bui","first_name":"Truc Lam","full_name":"Bui, Truc Lam"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Gautam","first_name":"Tushar","full_name":"Gautam, Tushar"},{"full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas","last_name":"Pavlogiannis","first_name":"Andreas","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Toman, Viktor","id":"3AF3DA7C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9036-063X","first_name":"Viktor","last_name":"Toman"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"10199"}]},"article_number":"164","file_date_updated":"2021-11-04T07:24:48Z","ec_funded":1},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:10199","project":[{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"665385","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"25F2ACDE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11402-N23","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"name":"Efficient Algorithms for Computer Aided Verification","_id":"25892FC0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"ICT15-003"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"month":"10","date_created":"2021-10-29T20:09:01Z","date_updated":"2023-09-19T09:59:54Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"10190"},{"id":"10191","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"9987"},{"id":"141","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-9036-063X","id":"3AF3DA7C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Toman","first_name":"Viktor","full_name":"Toman, Viktor"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","publication_status":"published","year":"2021","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-11-09T09:00:50Z","date_published":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","page":"166","citation":{"ista":"Toman V. 2021. Improved verification techniques for concurrent systems. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"V. Toman, “Improved verification techniques for concurrent systems,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.","apa":"Toman, V. (2021). Improved verification techniques for concurrent systems. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10199","ama":"Toman V. Improved verification techniques for concurrent systems. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:10199","chicago":"Toman, Viktor. “Improved Verification Techniques for Concurrent Systems.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10199.","mla":"Toman, Viktor. Improved Verification Techniques for Concurrent Systems. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:10199.","short":"V. Toman, Improved Verification Techniques for Concurrent Systems, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021."},"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"31","keyword":["concurrency","verification","model checking"],"oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_name":"toman_th_final.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2915234,"creator":"vtoman","relation":"main_file","file_id":"10225","date_updated":"2021-11-08T14:12:22Z","date_created":"2021-11-08T14:12:22Z","checksum":"4f412a1ee60952221b499a4b1268df35"},{"file_name":"toman_thesis.zip","access_level":"closed","file_size":8616056,"content_type":"application/zip","creator":"vtoman","relation":"source_file","file_id":"10226","date_updated":"2021-11-09T09:00:50Z","date_created":"2021-11-08T14:12:46Z","checksum":"9584943f99127be2dd2963f6784c37d4"}],"status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"Improved verification techniques for concurrent systems","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"10199","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The design and verification of concurrent systems remains an open challenge due to the non-determinism that arises from the inter-process communication. In particular, concurrent programs are notoriously difficult both to be written correctly and to be analyzed formally, as complex thread interaction has to be accounted for. The difficulties are further exacerbated when concurrent programs get executed on modern-day hardware, which contains various buffering and caching mechanisms for efficiency reasons. This causes further subtle non-determinism, which can often produce very unintuitive behavior of the concurrent programs. Model checking is at the forefront of tackling the verification problem, where the task is to decide, given as input a concurrent system and a desired property, whether the system satisfies the property. The inherent state-space explosion problem in model checking of concurrent systems causes naïve explicit methods not to scale, thus more inventive methods are required. One such method is stateless model checking (SMC), which explores in memory-efficient manner the program executions rather than the states of the program. State-of-the-art SMC is typically coupled with partial order reduction (POR) techniques, which argue that certain executions provably produce identical system behavior, thus limiting the amount of executions one needs to explore in order to cover all possible behaviors. Another method to tackle the state-space explosion is symbolic model checking, where the considered techniques operate on a succinct implicit representation of the input system rather than explicitly accessing the system. In this thesis we present new techniques for verification of concurrent systems. We present several novel POR methods for SMC of concurrent programs under various models of semantics, some of which account for write-buffering mechanisms. Additionally, we present novel algorithms for symbolic model checking of finite-state concurrent systems, where the desired property of the systems is to ensure a formally defined notion of fairness."}],"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"type":"dissertation"},{"citation":{"chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Wolfgang Dvořák, Monika H Henzinger, and Alexander Svozil. “Algorithms and Conditional Lower Bounds for Planning Problems.” Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2021.103499.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Algorithms and Conditional Lower Bounds for Planning Problems.” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 297, no. 8, 103499, Elsevier, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.artint.2021.103499.","short":"K. Chatterjee, W. Dvořák, M.H. Henzinger, A. Svozil, Artificial Intelligence 297 (2021).","ista":"Chatterjee K, Dvořák W, Henzinger MH, Svozil A. 2021. Algorithms and conditional lower bounds for planning problems. Artificial Intelligence. 297(8), 103499.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, W. Dvořák, M. H. Henzinger, and A. Svozil, “Algorithms and conditional lower bounds for planning problems,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 297, no. 8. Elsevier, 2021.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Dvořák, W., Henzinger, M. H., & Svozil, A. (2021). Algorithms and conditional lower bounds for planning problems. Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2021.103499","ama":"Chatterjee K, Dvořák W, Henzinger MH, Svozil A. Algorithms and conditional lower bounds for planning problems. Artificial Intelligence. 2021;297(8). doi:10.1016/j.artint.2021.103499"},"publication":"Artificial Intelligence","article_type":"original","date_published":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"16","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"9293","intvolume":" 297","status":"public","title":"Algorithms and conditional lower bounds for planning problems","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"journal_article","issue":"8","abstract":[{"text":"We consider planning problems for graphs, Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), and games on graphs in an explicit state space. While graphs represent the most basic planning model, MDPs represent interaction with nature and games on graphs represent interaction with an adversarial environment. We consider two planning problems with k different target sets: (a) the coverage problem asks whether there is a plan for each individual target set; and (b) the sequential target reachability problem asks whether the targets can be reached in a given sequence. For the coverage problem, we present a linear-time algorithm for graphs, and quadratic conditional lower bound for MDPs and games on graphs. For the sequential target problem, we present a linear-time algorithm for graphs, a sub-quadratic algorithm for MDPs, and a quadratic conditional lower bound for games on graphs. Our results with conditional lower bounds, based on the boolean matrix multiplication (BMM) conjecture and strong exponential time hypothesis (SETH), establish (i) model-separation results showing that for the coverage problem MDPs and games on graphs are harder than graphs, and for the sequential reachability problem games on graphs are harder than MDPs and graphs; and (ii) problem-separation results showing that for MDPs the coverage problem is harder than the sequential target problem.","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07031","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000657537500003"],"arxiv":["1804.07031"]},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.artint.2021.103499","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-3702"]},"month":"03","year":"2021","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"35","status":"public","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"author":[{"id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"last_name":"Dvořák","first_name":"Wolfgang","full_name":"Dvořák, Wolfgang"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Monika H","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630"},{"last_name":"Svozil","first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Svozil, Alexander"}],"volume":297,"date_updated":"2023-09-26T10:41:42Z","date_created":"2021-03-28T22:01:40Z","article_number":"103499"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider the core algorithmic problems related to verification of systems with respect to three classical quantitative properties, namely, the mean-payoff, the ratio, and the minimum initial credit for energy property. The algorithmic problem given a graph and a quantitative property asks to compute the optimal value (the infimum value over all traces) from every node of the graph. We consider graphs with bounded treewidth—a class that contains the control flow graphs of most programs. Let n denote the number of nodes of a graph, m the number of edges (for bounded treewidth 𝑚=𝑂(𝑛)) and W the largest absolute value of the weights. Our main theoretical results are as follows. First, for the minimum initial credit problem we show that (1) for general graphs the problem can be solved in 𝑂(𝑛2⋅𝑚) time and the associated decision problem in 𝑂(𝑛⋅𝑚) time, improving the previous known 𝑂(𝑛3⋅𝑚⋅log(𝑛⋅𝑊)) and 𝑂(𝑛2⋅𝑚) bounds, respectively; and (2) for bounded treewidth graphs we present an algorithm that requires 𝑂(𝑛⋅log𝑛) time. Second, for bounded treewidth graphs we present an algorithm that approximates the mean-payoff value within a factor of 1+𝜖 in time 𝑂(𝑛⋅log(𝑛/𝜖)) as compared to the classical exact algorithms on general graphs that require quadratic time. Third, for the ratio property we present an algorithm that for bounded treewidth graphs works in time 𝑂(𝑛⋅log(|𝑎⋅𝑏|))=𝑂(𝑛⋅log(𝑛⋅𝑊)), when the output is 𝑎𝑏, as compared to the previously best known algorithm on general graphs with running time 𝑂(𝑛2⋅log(𝑛⋅𝑊)). We have implemented some of our algorithms and show that they present a significant speedup on standard benchmarks."}],"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Preprint","intvolume":" 57","status":"public","title":"Faster algorithms for quantitative verification in bounded treewidth graphs","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"9393","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","page":"401-428","article_type":"original","citation":{"apa":"Chatterjee, K., Ibsen-Jensen, R., & Pavlogiannis, A. (2021). Faster algorithms for quantitative verification in bounded treewidth graphs. Formal Methods in System Design. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-021-00373-5","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, R. Ibsen-Jensen, and A. Pavlogiannis, “Faster algorithms for quantitative verification in bounded treewidth graphs,” Formal Methods in System Design, vol. 57. Springer, pp. 401–428, 2021.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Ibsen-Jensen R, Pavlogiannis A. 2021. Faster algorithms for quantitative verification in bounded treewidth graphs. Formal Methods in System Design. 57, 401–428.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Ibsen-Jensen R, Pavlogiannis A. Faster algorithms for quantitative verification in bounded treewidth graphs. Formal Methods in System Design. 2021;57:401-428. doi:10.1007/s10703-021-00373-5","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen, and Andreas Pavlogiannis. “Faster Algorithms for Quantitative Verification in Bounded Treewidth Graphs.” Formal Methods in System Design. Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-021-00373-5.","short":"K. Chatterjee, R. Ibsen-Jensen, A. Pavlogiannis, Formal Methods in System Design 57 (2021) 401–428.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Faster Algorithms for Quantitative Verification in Bounded Treewidth Graphs.” Formal Methods in System Design, vol. 57, Springer, 2021, pp. 401–28, doi:10.1007/s10703-021-00373-5."},"publication":"Formal Methods in System Design","ec_funded":1,"volume":57,"date_created":"2021-05-16T22:01:47Z","date_updated":"2023-10-10T11:13:20Z","author":[{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus","first_name":"Rasmus","last_name":"Ibsen-Jensen","id":"3B699956-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-4783-0389"},{"full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas","last_name":"Pavlogiannis","first_name":"Andreas","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publisher":"Springer","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2021","acknowledgement":"The research was partly supported by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant No P23499- N23, FWF NFN Grant No S11407-N23 (RiSE/SHiNE), ERC Start Grant (279307: Graph Games), and Microsoft faculty fellows award.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1572-8102"],"issn":["0925-9856"]},"month":"09","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10703-021-00373-5","project":[{"_id":"2584A770-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"P 23499-N23","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification"},{"name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"S 11407_N23","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications","grant_number":"279307","_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Microsoft Research Faculty Fellowship","_id":"2587B514-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000645490300001"],"arxiv":["1504.07384"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.07384"}]},{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781450383912"]},"month":"06","project":[{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01189"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2104.01189"],"isi":["000723661700067"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1145/3453483.3454093","conference":{"start_date":"2021-06-20","location":"Online","end_date":"2021-06-26","name":"PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation"},"ec_funded":1,"department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was partially supported by the ERCCoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and the Czech Science Foundation grant No. GJ19-15134Y.","year":"2021","date_updated":"2023-11-30T10:55:37Z","date_created":"2021-07-11T22:01:17Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14539","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"author":[{"first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"first_name":"Ehsan Kafshdar","last_name":"Goharshady","full_name":"Goharshady, Ehsan Kafshdar"},{"first_name":"Petr","last_name":"Novotný","id":"3CC3B868-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Novotný, Petr"},{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","page":"1033-1048","citation":{"ama":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady EK, Novotný P, Zikelic D. Proving non-termination by program reversal. In: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association for Computing Machinery; 2021:1033-1048. doi:10.1145/3453483.3454093","ista":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady EK, Novotný P, Zikelic D. 2021. Proving non-termination by program reversal. Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI: Programming Language Design and Implementation, 1033–1048.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, E. K. Goharshady, P. Novotný, and D. Zikelic, “Proving non-termination by program reversal,” in Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Online, 2021, pp. 1033–1048.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E. K., Novotný, P., & Zikelic, D. (2021). Proving non-termination by program reversal. In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (pp. 1033–1048). Online: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454093","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Proving Non-Termination by Program Reversal.” Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, pp. 1033–48, doi:10.1145/3453483.3454093.","short":"K. Chatterjee, E.K. Goharshady, P. Novotný, D. Zikelic, in:, Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2021, pp. 1033–1048.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady, Petr Novotný, and Dorde Zikelic. “Proving Non-Termination by Program Reversal.” In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 1033–48. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454093."},"publication":"Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","date_published":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"We present a new approach to proving non-termination of non-deterministic integer programs. Our technique is rather simple but efficient. It relies on a purely syntactic reversal of the program's transition system followed by a constraint-based invariant synthesis with constraints coming from both the original and the reversed transition system. The latter task is performed by a simple call to an off-the-shelf SMT-solver, which allows us to leverage the latest advances in SMT-solving. Moreover, our method offers a combination of features not present (as a whole) in previous approaches: it handles programs with non-determinism, provides relative completeness guarantees and supports programs with polynomial arithmetic. The experiments performed with our prototype tool RevTerm show that our approach, despite its simplicity and stronger theoretical guarantees, is at least on par with the state-of-the-art tools, often achieving a non-trivial improvement under a proper configuration of its parameters.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Proving non-termination by program reversal","status":"public","_id":"9644","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"abstract":[{"text":"We consider the almost-sure (a.s.) termination problem for probabilistic programs, which are a stochastic extension of classical imperative programs. Lexicographic ranking functions provide a sound and practical approach for termination of non-probabilistic programs, and their extension to probabilistic programs is achieved via lexicographic ranking supermartingales (LexRSMs). However, LexRSMs introduced in the previous work have a limitation that impedes their automation: all of their components have to be non-negative in all reachable states. This might result in LexRSM not existing even for simple terminating programs. Our contributions are twofold: First, we introduce a generalization of LexRSMs which allows for some components to be negative. This standard feature of non-probabilistic termination proofs was hitherto not known to be sound in the probabilistic setting, as the soundness proof requires a careful analysis of the underlying stochastic process. Second, we present polynomial-time algorithms using our generalized LexRSMs for proving a.s. termination in broad classes of linear-arithmetic programs.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"10414","intvolume":" 13047","status":"public","title":"On lexicographic proof rules for probabilistic termination","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"10","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","citation":{"short":"K. Chatterjee, E.K. Goharshady, P. Novotný, J. Zárevúcky, D. Zikelic, in:, 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 619–639.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “On Lexicographic Proof Rules for Probabilistic Termination.” 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods, vol. 13047, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 619–39, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90870-6_33.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady, Petr Novotný, Jiří Zárevúcky, and Dorde Zikelic. “On Lexicographic Proof Rules for Probabilistic Termination.” In 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods, 13047:619–39. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90870-6_33.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady EK, Novotný P, Zárevúcky J, Zikelic D. On lexicographic proof rules for probabilistic termination. In: 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods. Vol 13047. Springer Nature; 2021:619-639. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90870-6_33","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E. K., Novotný, P., Zárevúcky, J., & Zikelic, D. (2021). On lexicographic proof rules for probabilistic termination. In 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods (Vol. 13047, pp. 619–639). Virtual: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90870-6_33","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, E. K. Goharshady, P. Novotný, J. Zárevúcky, and D. Zikelic, “On lexicographic proof rules for probabilistic termination,” in 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods, Virtual, 2021, vol. 13047, pp. 619–639.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady EK, Novotný P, Zárevúcky J, Zikelic D. 2021. On lexicographic proof rules for probabilistic termination. 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods. FM: Formal Methods, LNCS, vol. 13047, 619–639."},"publication":"24th International Symposium on Formal Methods","page":"619-639","ec_funded":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"14539"},{"id":"14778","status":"public","relation":"later_version"}]},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"last_name":"Goharshady","first_name":"Ehsan Kafshdar","full_name":"Goharshady, Ehsan Kafshdar"},{"first_name":"Petr","last_name":"Novotný","id":"3CC3B868-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Novotný, Petr"},{"full_name":"Zárevúcky, Jiří","first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Zárevúcky"},{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":13047,"date_updated":"2024-01-17T08:19:41Z","date_created":"2021-12-05T23:01:45Z","year":"2021","acknowledgement":"This research was partially supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), the Czech Science Foundation grant No. GJ19-15134Y, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-3-030-90870-6"],"issn":["0302-9743"],"eissn":["1611-3349"],"isbn":["9-783-0309-0869-0"]},"month":"11","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-90870-6_33","conference":{"name":"FM: Formal Methods","end_date":"2021-11-26","start_date":"2021-11-20","location":"Virtual"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.02188","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000758218600033"],"arxiv":["2108.02188"]},"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1"},{"author":[{"id":"391365CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1702-6584","first_name":"Amir Kafshdar","last_name":"Goharshady","full_name":"Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"1386","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"1437"},{"id":"311","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"6056","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"6380","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"639"},{"id":"66","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"6780"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"6918"},{"id":"7810","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"6175"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"6378"},{"id":"6490","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"7014"},{"id":"8089","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"8728"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"7158"},{"id":"5977","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"id":"6009","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"6340"},{"id":"949","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"date_created":"2020-12-10T12:17:07Z","date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:03:21Z","acknowledgement":"The research was partially supported by an IBM PhD fellowship, a Facebook PhD fellowship, and DOC fellowship #24956 of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW).","year":"2021","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","file_date_updated":"2021-12-23T23:30:04Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:8934","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC0 (1.0)","image":"/images/cc_0.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)"},"oa":1,"project":[{"name":"Quantitative Analysis of Probablistic Systems with a focus on Crypto-currencies","_id":"267066CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"266EEEC0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Quantitative Game-theoretic Analysis of Blockchain Applications and Smart Contracts"}],"month":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"file":[{"file_size":5251507,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"akafshda","file_name":"Thesis-pdfa.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2020-12-22T20:08:44Z","date_updated":"2021-12-23T23:30:04Z","checksum":"d1b9db3725aed34dadd81274aeb9426c","relation":"main_file","embargo":"2021-12-22","file_id":"8969"},{"embargo_to":"open_access","file_name":"source.zip","access_level":"closed","file_size":10636756,"content_type":"application/zip","creator":"akafshda","relation":"source_file","file_id":"8970","date_updated":"2021-03-04T23:30:04Z","date_created":"2020-12-22T20:08:50Z","checksum":"1661df7b393e6866d2460eba3c905130"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"8934","title":"Parameterized and algebro-geometric advances in static program analysis","status":"public","ddc":["005"],"abstract":[{"text":"In this thesis, we consider several of the most classical and fundamental problems in static analysis and formal verification, including invariant generation, reachability analysis, termination analysis of probabilistic programs, data-flow analysis, quantitative analysis of Markov chains and Markov decision processes, and the problem of data packing in cache management.\r\nWe use techniques from parameterized complexity theory, polyhedral geometry, and real algebraic geometry to significantly improve the state-of-the-art, in terms of both scalability and completeness guarantees, for the mentioned problems. In some cases, our results are the first theoretical improvements for the respective problems in two or three decades.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"date_published":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","citation":{"apa":"Goharshady, A. K. (2021). Parameterized and algebro-geometric advances in static program analysis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8934","ieee":"A. K. Goharshady, “Parameterized and algebro-geometric advances in static program analysis,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.","ista":"Goharshady AK. 2021. Parameterized and algebro-geometric advances in static program analysis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Goharshady AK. Parameterized and algebro-geometric advances in static program analysis. 2021. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8934","chicago":"Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar. “Parameterized and Algebro-Geometric Advances in Static Program Analysis.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8934.","short":"A.K. Goharshady, Parameterized and Algebro-Geometric Advances in Static Program Analysis, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.","mla":"Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar. Parameterized and Algebro-Geometric Advances in Static Program Analysis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8934."},"page":"278","day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"type":"dissertation","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"abstract":[{"text":"Indirect reciprocity in evolutionary game theory is a prominent mechanism for explaining the evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals. In contrast to direct reciprocity, which is based on individuals meeting repeatedly, and conditionally cooperating by using their own experiences, indirect reciprocity is based on individuals’ reputations. If a player helps another, this increases the helper’s public standing, benefitting them in the future. This lets cooperation in the population emerge without individuals having to meet more than once. While the two modes of reciprocity are intertwined, they are difficult to compare. Thus, they are usually studied in isolation. Direct reciprocity can maintain cooperation with simple strategies, and is robust against noise even when players do not remember more\r\nthan their partner’s last action. Meanwhile, indirect reciprocity requires its successful strategies, or social norms, to be more complex. Exhaustive search previously identified eight such norms, called the “leading eight”, which excel at maintaining cooperation. However, as the first result of this thesis, we show that the leading eight break down once we remove the fundamental assumption that information is synchronized and public, such that everyone agrees on reputations. Once we consider a more realistic scenario of imperfect information, where reputations are private, and individuals occasionally misinterpret or miss observations, the leading eight do not promote cooperation anymore. Instead, minor initial disagreements can proliferate, fragmenting populations into subgroups. In a next step, we consider ways to mitigate this issue. We first explore whether introducing “generosity” can stabilize cooperation when players use the leading eight strategies in noisy environments. This approach of modifying strategies to include probabilistic elements for coping with errors is known to work well in direct reciprocity. However, as we show here, it fails for the more complex norms of indirect reciprocity. Imperfect information still prevents cooperation from evolving. On the other hand, we succeeded to show in this thesis that modifying the leading eight to use “quantitative assessment”, i.e. tracking reputation scores on a scale beyond good and bad, and making overall judgments of others based on a threshold, is highly successful, even when noise increases in the environment. Cooperation can flourish when reputations\r\nare more nuanced, and players have a broader understanding what it means to be “good.” Finally, we present a single theoretical framework that unites the two modes of reciprocity despite their differences. Within this framework, we identify a novel simple and successful strategy for indirect reciprocity, which can cope with noisy environments and has an analogue in direct reciprocity. We can also analyze decision making when different sources of information are available. Our results help highlight that for sustaining cooperation, already the most simple rules of reciprocity can be sufficient.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"10293","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","title":"Evolution of cooperation via (in)direct reciprocity under imperfect information","ddc":["519","576"],"oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"date_updated":"2022-12-20T23:30:08Z","date_created":"2021-11-18T12:41:46Z","checksum":"86a05b430756ca12ae8107b6e6f3c1e5","file_id":"10305","relation":"source_file","creator":"lschmid","content_type":"application/zip","file_size":29703124,"file_name":"submission_new.zip","embargo_to":"open_access","access_level":"closed"},{"creator":"lschmid","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":8320985,"file_name":"thesis_new_upload.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2022-12-20T23:30:08Z","date_created":"2021-11-18T12:59:15Z","checksum":"d940af042e94660c6b6a7b4f0b184d47","file_id":"10306","embargo":"2022-10-18","relation":"main_file"}],"day":"17","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ama":"Schmid L. Evolution of cooperation via (in)direct reciprocity under imperfect information. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:10293","apa":"Schmid, L. (2021). Evolution of cooperation via (in)direct reciprocity under imperfect information. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10293","ieee":"L. Schmid, “Evolution of cooperation via (in)direct reciprocity under imperfect information,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.","ista":"Schmid L. 2021. Evolution of cooperation via (in)direct reciprocity under imperfect information. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","short":"L. Schmid, Evolution of Cooperation via (in)Direct Reciprocity under Imperfect Information, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.","mla":"Schmid, Laura. Evolution of Cooperation via (in)Direct Reciprocity under Imperfect Information. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:10293.","chicago":"Schmid, Laura. “Evolution of Cooperation via (in)Direct Reciprocity under Imperfect Information.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:10293."},"page":"171","date_published":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2022-12-20T23:30:08Z","ec_funded":1,"year":"2021","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9997","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"2"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"9402"}]},"date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:28:29Z","date_created":"2021-11-15T17:12:57Z","month":"11","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"oa":1,"project":[{"_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"279307","name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications"},{"grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification","grant_number":"P 23499-N23","_id":"2584A770-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S 11407_N23","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering"}],"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:10293","degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000692406400018"],"pmid":["34465830"]},"project":[{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41598-021-96932-1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2045-2322"]},"month":"08","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.) and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT (to C.H.). L.S. received additional partial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award).","year":"2021","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10293","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Laura","orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"},{"full_name":"Shati, Pouya","first_name":"Pouya","last_name":"Shati"},{"full_name":"Hilbe, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Hilbe"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"volume":11,"date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:45Z","date_created":"2021-09-11T16:22:02Z","article_number":"17443","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-09-13T10:31:21Z","citation":{"ista":"Schmid L, Shati P, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K. 2021. The evolution of indirect reciprocity under action and assessment generosity. Scientific Reports. 11(1), 17443.","apa":"Schmid, L., Shati, P., Hilbe, C., & Chatterjee, K. (2021). The evolution of indirect reciprocity under action and assessment generosity. Scientific Reports. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96932-1","ieee":"L. Schmid, P. Shati, C. Hilbe, and K. Chatterjee, “The evolution of indirect reciprocity under action and assessment generosity,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021.","ama":"Schmid L, Shati P, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K. The evolution of indirect reciprocity under action and assessment generosity. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96932-1","chicago":"Schmid, Laura, Pouya Shati, Christian Hilbe, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “The Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity under Action and Assessment Generosity.” Scientific Reports. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96932-1.","mla":"Schmid, Laura, et al. “The Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity under Action and Assessment Generosity.” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 17443, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96932-1.","short":"L. Schmid, P. Shati, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, Scientific Reports 11 (2021)."},"publication":"Scientific Reports","article_type":"original","date_published":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","day":"31","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"9997","intvolume":" 11","ddc":["003"],"status":"public","title":"The evolution of indirect reciprocity under action and assessment generosity","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"19df8816cf958b272b85841565c73182","date_created":"2021-09-13T10:31:21Z","date_updated":"2021-09-13T10:31:21Z","file_id":"10006","relation":"main_file","creator":"cchlebak","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2424943,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_ScientificReports_Schmid.pdf"}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation based on social norms. This mechanism requires that individuals in a population observe and judge each other’s behaviors. Individuals with a good reputation are more likely to receive help from others. Previous work suggests that indirect reciprocity is only effective when all relevant information is reliable and publicly available. Otherwise, individuals may disagree on how to assess others, even if they all apply the same social norm. Such disagreements can lead to a breakdown of cooperation. Here we explore whether the predominantly studied ‘leading eight’ social norms of indirect reciprocity can be made more robust by equipping them with an element of generosity. To this end, we distinguish between two kinds of generosity. According to assessment generosity, individuals occasionally assign a good reputation to group members who would usually be regarded as bad. According to action generosity, individuals occasionally cooperate with group members with whom they would usually defect. Using individual-based simulations, we show that the two kinds of generosity have a very different effect on the resulting reputation dynamics. Assessment generosity tends to add to the overall noise and allows defectors to invade. In contrast, a limited amount of action generosity can be beneficial in a few cases. However, even when action generosity is beneficial, the respective simulations do not result in full cooperation. Our results suggest that while generosity can favor cooperation when individuals use the most simple strategies of reciprocity, it is disadvantageous when individuals use more complex social norms."}]},{"file_date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:27:23Z","ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.), the European Research Council Start Grant 279307: Graph Games (to K.C.), and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT (to C.H.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.","year":"2021","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"},{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"last_name":"Hilbe","first_name":"Christian","orcid":"0000-0001-5116-955X","id":"2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hilbe, Christian"},{"full_name":"Nowak, Martin A.","last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"Martin A."}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10293","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/the-emergence-of-cooperation/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}]},"date_created":"2021-05-18T16:56:57Z","date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:45Z","volume":5,"month":"05","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-3374"]},"external_id":{"pmid":["33986519"],"isi":["000650304000002"]},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"},{"name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"279307","_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation. Direct reciprocity means that individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate with another person. Indirect reciprocity means that they also consider the experiences of others. Although these two mechanisms are intertwined, they are typically studied in isolation. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework that allows us to explore both kinds of reciprocity simultaneously. We show that the well-known ‘generous tit-for-tat’ strategy of direct reciprocity has a natural analogue in indirect reciprocity, which we call ‘generous scoring’. Using an equilibrium analysis, we characterize under which conditions either of the two strategies can maintain cooperation. With simulations, we additionally explore which kind of reciprocity evolves when members of a population engage in social learning to adapt to their environment. Our results draw unexpected connections between direct and indirect reciprocity while highlighting important differences regarding their evolvability.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"10","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"9402","ddc":["000"],"title":"A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity","status":"public","intvolume":" 5","file":[{"file_id":"14496","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:27:23Z","date_created":"2023-11-07T08:27:23Z","success":1,"checksum":"34f55e173f90dc1dab731063458ac780","file_name":"2021_NatureHumanBehaviour_Schmid_accepted.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":5232761,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","scopus_import":"1","day":"13","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Nature Human Behaviour","citation":{"mla":"Schmid, Laura, et al. “A Unified Framework of Direct and Indirect Reciprocity.” Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 5, no. 10, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 1292–1302, doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8.","short":"L. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, C. Hilbe, M.A. Nowak, Nature Human Behaviour 5 (2021) 1292–1302.","chicago":"Schmid, Laura, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Christian Hilbe, and Martin A. Nowak. “A Unified Framework of Direct and Indirect Reciprocity.” Nature Human Behaviour. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8.","ama":"Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Hilbe C, Nowak MA. A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity. Nature Human Behaviour. 2021;5(10):1292–1302. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8","ista":"Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Hilbe C, Nowak MA. 2021. A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity. Nature Human Behaviour. 5(10), 1292–1302.","apa":"Schmid, L., Chatterjee, K., Hilbe, C., & Nowak, M. A. (2021). A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity. Nature Human Behaviour. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8","ieee":"L. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, C. Hilbe, and M. A. Nowak, “A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity,” Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 5, no. 10. Springer Nature, pp. 1292–1302, 2021."},"article_type":"original","page":"1292–1302","date_published":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z"},{"intvolume":" 153","title":"The evolutionary price of anarchy: Locally bounded agents in a dynamic virus game","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","_id":"7346","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2019_LIPIcS_Schmid.pdf","file_size":630752,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","file_id":"7608","checksum":"9a91916ac2c21ab42458fcda39ef0b8d","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:56Z","date_created":"2020-03-23T09:14:06Z"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"The Price of Anarchy (PoA) is a well-established game-theoretic concept to shed light on coordination issues arising in open distributed systems. Leaving agents to selfishly optimize comes with the risk of ending up in sub-optimal states (in terms of performance and/or costs), compared to a centralized system design. However, the PoA relies on strong assumptions about agents' rationality (e.g., resources and information) and interactions, whereas in many distributed systems agents interact locally with bounded resources. They do so repeatedly over time (in contrast to \"one-shot games\"), and their strategies may evolve. Using a more realistic evolutionary game model, this paper introduces a realized evolutionary Price of Anarchy (ePoA). The ePoA allows an exploration of equilibrium selection in dynamic distributed systems with multiple equilibria, based on local interactions of simple memoryless agents. Considering a fundamental game related to virus propagation on networks, we present analytical bounds on the ePoA in basic network topologies and for different strategy update dynamics. In particular, deriving stationary distributions of the stochastic evolutionary process, we find that the Nash equilibria are not always the most abundant states, and that different processes can feature significant off-equilibrium behavior, leading to a significantly higher ePoA compared to the PoA studied traditionally in the literature. ","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"L. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, S. Schmid, in:, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020.","mla":"Schmid, Laura, et al. “The Evolutionary Price of Anarchy: Locally Bounded Agents in a Dynamic Virus Game.” Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, vol. 153, 21, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.21.","chicago":"Schmid, Laura, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Stefan Schmid. “The Evolutionary Price of Anarchy: Locally Bounded Agents in a Dynamic Virus Game.” In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Vol. 153. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.21.","ama":"Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Schmid S. The evolutionary price of anarchy: Locally bounded agents in a dynamic virus game. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. Vol 153. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2020. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.21","apa":"Schmid, L., Chatterjee, K., & Schmid, S. (2020). The evolutionary price of anarchy: Locally bounded agents in a dynamic virus game. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (Vol. 153). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.21","ieee":"L. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, and S. Schmid, “The evolutionary price of anarchy: Locally bounded agents in a dynamic virus game,” in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 2020, vol. 153.","ista":"Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Schmid S. 2020. The evolutionary price of anarchy: Locally bounded agents in a dynamic virus game. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. OPODIS: International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, LIPIcs, vol. 153, 21."},"publication":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems","date_published":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"10","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2020","volume":153,"date_updated":"2023-02-23T13:05:49Z","date_created":"2020-01-21T16:00:26Z","author":[{"id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"},{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Stefan"}],"article_number":"21","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:56Z","project":[{"name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"S 11407_N23","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["1906.00110"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.21","conference":{"start_date":"2019-12-17","location":"Neuchâtel, Switzerland","end_date":"2019-12-19","name":"OPODIS: International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems"},"month":"02"},{"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A vector addition system with states (VASS) consists of a finite set of states and counters. A transition changes the current state to the next state, and every counter is either incremented, or decremented, or left unchanged. A state and value for each counter is a configuration; and a computation is an infinite sequence of configurations with transitions between successive configurations. A probabilistic VASS consists of a VASS along with a probability distribution over the transitions for each state. Qualitative properties such as state and configuration reachability have been widely studied for VASS. In this work we consider multi-dimensional long-run average objectives for VASS and probabilistic VASS. For a counter, the cost of a configuration is the value of the counter; and the long-run average value of a computation for the counter is the long-run average of the costs of the configurations in the computation. The multi-dimensional long-run average problem given a VASS and a threshold value for each counter, asks whether there is a computation such that for each counter the long-run average value for the counter does not exceed the respective threshold. For probabilistic VASS, instead of the existence of a computation, we consider whether the expected long-run average value for each counter does not exceed the respective threshold. Our main results are as follows: we show that the multi-dimensional long-run average problem (a) is NP-complete for integer-valued VASS; (b) is undecidable for natural-valued VASS (i.e., nonnegative counters); and (c) can be solved in polynomial time for probabilistic integer-valued VASS, and probabilistic natural-valued VASS when all computations are non-terminating."}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"8600","intvolume":" 171","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"Multi-dimensional long-run average problems for vector addition systems with states","file":[{"file_size":601231,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2020_LIPIcsCONCUR_Chatterjee.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-10-05T14:04:25Z","date_created":"2020-10-05T14:04:25Z","checksum":"5039752f644c4b72b9361d21a5e31baf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"8610"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"06","citation":{"chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Thomas A Henzinger, and Jan Otop. “Multi-Dimensional Long-Run Average Problems for Vector Addition Systems with States.” In 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Vol. 171. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.23.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Multi-Dimensional Long-Run Average Problems for Vector Addition Systems with States.” 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory, vol. 171, 23, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.23.","short":"K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, J. Otop, in:, 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Otop J. 2020. Multi-dimensional long-run average problems for vector addition systems with states. 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 171, 23.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, T. A. Henzinger, and J. Otop, “Multi-dimensional long-run average problems for vector addition systems with states,” in 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Virtual, 2020, vol. 171.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T. A., & Otop, J. (2020). Multi-dimensional long-run average problems for vector addition systems with states. In 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory (Vol. 171). Virtual: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.23","ama":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Otop J. Multi-dimensional long-run average problems for vector addition systems with states. In: 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory. Vol 171. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2020. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.23"},"publication":"31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory","date_published":"2020-08-06T00:00:00Z","article_number":"23","file_date_updated":"2020-10-05T14:04:25Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","year":"2020","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A"},{"full_name":"Otop, Jan","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Otop","id":"2FC5DA74-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":171,"date_created":"2020-10-04T22:01:36Z","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:20:15Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["18688969"],"isbn":["9783959771603"]},"month":"08","external_id":{"arxiv":["2007.08917"]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)","short":"CC BY (3.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"S 11407_N23","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering"},{"_id":"25F2ACDE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11402-N23","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering"},{"grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.23","conference":{"name":"CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory","end_date":"2020-09-04","location":"Virtual","start_date":"2020-09-01"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"year":"2020","acknowledgement":"Krishnendu Chatterjee: The research was partially supported by the Vienna Science and\r\nTechnology Fund (WWTF) Project ICT15-003.\r\nIsmaël Jecker: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research\r\nand innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"author":[{"id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"first_name":"Rasmus","last_name":"Ibsen-Jensen","id":"3B699956-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-4783-0389","full_name":"Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus"},{"full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425","first_name":"Ismael R","last_name":"Jecker"},{"id":"130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425","last_name":"Svoboda","first_name":"Jakub","full_name":"Svoboda, Jakub"}],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:55Z","date_created":"2020-09-20T22:01:36Z","volume":170,"article_number":"22:1-22:13","file_date_updated":"2020-09-21T13:57:34Z","ec_funded":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)","short":"CC BY (3.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2007.02894"]},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Efficient Algorithms for Computer Aided Verification","_id":"25892FC0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"ICT15-003"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"conference":{"name":"MFCS: Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science","end_date":"2020-08-28","location":"Prague, Czech Republic","start_date":"2020-08-24"},"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.22","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"08","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783959771597"],"issn":["18688969"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"8533","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"Simplified game of life: Algorithms and complexity","intvolume":" 170","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":491374,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_LIPIcs_Chatterjee.pdf","checksum":"bbd7c4f55d45f2ff2a0a4ef0e10a77b1","success":1,"date_updated":"2020-09-21T13:57:34Z","date_created":"2020-09-21T13:57:34Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"8550"}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"abstract":[{"text":"Game of Life is a simple and elegant model to study dynamical system over networks. The model consists of a graph where every vertex has one of two types, namely, dead or alive. A configuration is a mapping of the vertices to the types. An update rule describes how the type of a vertex is updated given the types of its neighbors. In every round, all vertices are updated synchronously, which leads to a configuration update. While in general, Game of Life allows a broad range of update rules, we focus on two simple families of update rules, namely, underpopulation and overpopulation, that model several interesting dynamics studied in the literature. In both settings, a dead vertex requires at least a desired number of live neighbors to become alive. For underpopulation (resp., overpopulation), a live vertex requires at least (resp. at most) a desired number of live neighbors to remain alive. We study the basic computation problems, e.g., configuration reachability, for these two families of rules. For underpopulation rules, we show that these problems can be solved in polynomial time, whereas for overpopulation rules they are PSPACE-complete.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science","citation":{"ama":"Chatterjee K, Ibsen-Jensen R, Jecker IR, Svoboda J. Simplified game of life: Algorithms and complexity. In: 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. Vol 170. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2020. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.22","ista":"Chatterjee K, Ibsen-Jensen R, Jecker IR, Svoboda J. 2020. Simplified game of life: Algorithms and complexity. 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. MFCS: Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 170, 22:1-22:13.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, R. Ibsen-Jensen, I. R. Jecker, and J. Svoboda, “Simplified game of life: Algorithms and complexity,” in 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020, vol. 170.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Ibsen-Jensen, R., Jecker, I. R., & Svoboda, J. (2020). Simplified game of life: Algorithms and complexity. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (Vol. 170). Prague, Czech Republic: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.22","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Simplified Game of Life: Algorithms and Complexity.” 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, vol. 170, 22:1-22:13, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.22.","short":"K. Chatterjee, R. Ibsen-Jensen, I.R. Jecker, J. Svoboda, in:, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen, Ismael R Jecker, and Jakub Svoboda. “Simplified Game of Life: Algorithms and Complexity.” In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Vol. 170. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.22."},"date_published":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"18","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A regular language L of finite words is composite if there are regular languages L₁,L₂,…,L_t such that L = ⋂_{i = 1}^t L_i and the index (number of states in a minimal DFA) of every language L_i is strictly smaller than the index of L. Otherwise, L is prime. Primality of regular languages was introduced and studied in [O. Kupferman and J. Mosheiff, 2015], where the complexity of deciding the primality of the language of a given DFA was left open, with a doubly-exponential gap between the upper and lower bounds. We study primality for unary regular languages, namely regular languages with a singleton alphabet. A unary language corresponds to a subset of ℕ, making the study of unary prime languages closer to that of primality in number theory. We show that the setting of languages is richer. In particular, while every composite number is the product of two smaller numbers, the number t of languages necessary to decompose a composite unary language induces a strict hierarchy. In addition, a primality witness for a unary language L, namely a word that is not in L but is in all products of languages that contain L and have an index smaller than L’s, may be of exponential length. Still, we are able to characterize compositionality by structural properties of a DFA for L, leading to a LogSpace algorithm for primality checking of unary DFAs."}],"intvolume":" 170","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","title":"Unary prime languages","_id":"8534","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"2dc9e2fad6becd4563aef3e27a473f70","date_created":"2020-09-21T14:17:08Z","date_updated":"2020-09-21T14:17:08Z","file_id":"8552","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_size":597977,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_LIPIcsMFCS_Jecker.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"18","citation":{"short":"I.R. Jecker, O. Kupferman, N. Mazzocchi, in:, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020.","mla":"Jecker, Ismael R., et al. “Unary Prime Languages.” 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, vol. 170, 51:1-51:12, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.51.","chicago":"Jecker, Ismael R, Orna Kupferman, and Nicolas Mazzocchi. “Unary Prime Languages.” In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Vol. 170. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.51.","ama":"Jecker IR, Kupferman O, Mazzocchi N. Unary prime languages. In: 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. Vol 170. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2020. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.51","apa":"Jecker, I. R., Kupferman, O., & Mazzocchi, N. (2020). Unary prime languages. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (Vol. 170). Prague, Czech Republic: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.51","ieee":"I. R. Jecker, O. Kupferman, and N. Mazzocchi, “Unary prime languages,” in 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Prague, Czech Republic, 2020, vol. 170.","ista":"Jecker IR, Kupferman O, Mazzocchi N. 2020. Unary prime languages. 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. MFCS: Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 170, 51:1-51:12."},"publication":"45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science","date_published":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","article_number":"51:1-51:12","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-09-21T14:17:08Z","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2020","acknowledgement":"Ismaël Jecker: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon\r\n2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.\r\n754411. Nicolas Mazzocchi: PhD fellowship FRIA from the F.R.S.-FNRS.","volume":170,"date_created":"2020-09-20T22:01:36Z","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:56Z","author":[{"full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425","first_name":"Ismael R","last_name":"Jecker"},{"last_name":"Kupferman","first_name":"Orna","full_name":"Kupferman, Orna"},{"last_name":"Mazzocchi","first_name":"Nicolas","full_name":"Mazzocchi, Nicolas"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["18688969"],"isbn":["9783959771597"]},"month":"08","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)","short":"CC BY (3.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.51","conference":{"start_date":"2020-08-24","location":"Prague, Czech Republic","end_date":"2020-08-28","name":"MFCS: Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science"}},{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781450371049"]},"month":"07","doi":"10.1145/3373718.3394761","conference":{"start_date":"2020-07-08","location":"Saarbrücken, Germany","end_date":"2020-07-11","name":"LICS: Symposium on Logic in Computer Science"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000665014900010"],"arxiv":["1908.05106"]},"oa":1,"project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Efficient Algorithms for Computer Aided Verification","_id":"25892FC0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"ICT15-003"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-11-25T09:38:14Z","author":[{"last_name":"Ashok","first_name":"Pranav","full_name":"Ashok, Pranav"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Kretinsky, Jan","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Kretinsky"},{"last_name":"Weininger","first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Weininger, Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Winkler","full_name":"Winkler, Tobias"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-21T08:24:36Z","date_created":"2020-06-14T22:00:48Z","year":"2020","acknowledgement":"Pranav Ashok, Jan Křetínský and Maximilian Weininger were funded in part by TUM IGSSE Grant 10.06 (PARSEC) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) project KR 4890/2-1\r\n“Statistical Unbounded Verification”. Krishnendu Chatterjee was supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) Project ICT15-\r\n003. Tobias Winkler was supported by the RTG 2236 UnRAVe.","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"08","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Ashok, Pranav, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Jan Kretinsky, Maximilian Weininger, and Tobias Winkler. “Approximating Values of Generalized-Reachability Stochastic Games.” In Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science , 102–15. Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373718.3394761.","short":"P. Ashok, K. Chatterjee, J. Kretinsky, M. Weininger, T. Winkler, in:, Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science , Association for Computing Machinery, 2020, pp. 102–115.","mla":"Ashok, Pranav, et al. “Approximating Values of Generalized-Reachability Stochastic Games.” Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science , Association for Computing Machinery, 2020, pp. 102–15, doi:10.1145/3373718.3394761.","ieee":"P. Ashok, K. Chatterjee, J. Kretinsky, M. Weininger, and T. Winkler, “Approximating values of generalized-reachability stochastic games,” in Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science , Saarbrücken, Germany, 2020, pp. 102–115.","apa":"Ashok, P., Chatterjee, K., Kretinsky, J., Weininger, M., & Winkler, T. (2020). Approximating values of generalized-reachability stochastic games. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (pp. 102–115). Saarbrücken, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373718.3394761","ista":"Ashok P, Chatterjee K, Kretinsky J, Weininger M, Winkler T. 2020. Approximating values of generalized-reachability stochastic games. Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science . LICS: Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 102–115.","ama":"Ashok P, Chatterjee K, Kretinsky J, Weininger M, Winkler T. Approximating values of generalized-reachability stochastic games. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science . Association for Computing Machinery; 2020:102-115. doi:10.1145/3373718.3394761"},"publication":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science ","page":"102-115","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Simple stochastic games are turn-based 2½-player games with a reachability objective. The basic question asks whether one player can ensure reaching a given target with at least a given probability. A natural extension is games with a conjunction of such conditions as objective. Despite a plethora of recent results on the analysis of systems with multiple objectives, the decidability of this basic problem remains open. In this paper, we present an algorithm approximating the Pareto frontier of the achievable values to a given precision. Moreover, it is an anytime algorithm, meaning it can be stopped at any time returning the current approximation and its error bound."}],"type":"conference","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"8804","date_updated":"2020-11-25T09:38:14Z","date_created":"2020-11-25T09:38:14Z","checksum":"d0d0288fe991dd16cf5f02598b794240","success":1,"file_name":"2020_LICS_Ashok.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1001395,"creator":"dernst"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"7955","title":"Approximating values of generalized-reachability stochastic games","ddc":["000"],"status":"public"},{"file_date_updated":"2020-11-18T07:26:10Z","article_number":"e1008402","date_created":"2020-11-18T07:20:23Z","date_updated":"2023-08-22T12:49:18Z","volume":16,"author":[{"full_name":"Kaveh, Kamran","last_name":"Kaveh","first_name":"Kamran"},{"full_name":"McAvoy, Alex","first_name":"Alex","last_name":"McAvoy"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Nowak, Martin A.","last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"Martin A."}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Public Library of Science","acknowledgement":"We thank Igor Erovenko for many helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. : Army Research Laboratory (grant W911NF-18-2-0265) (M.A.N.); the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1148627) (M.A.N.); the NVIDIA Corporation (A.M.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","year":"2020","month":"11","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1553-734X"],"eissn":["1553-7358"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008402","quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000591317200004"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Resources are rarely distributed uniformly within a population. Heterogeneity in the concentration of a drug, the quality of breeding sites, or wealth can all affect evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we represent a collection of properties affecting the fitness at a given location using a color. A green node is rich in resources while a red node is poorer. More colors can represent a broader spectrum of resource qualities. For a population evolving according to the birth-death Moran model, the first question we address is which structures, identified by graph connectivity and graph coloring, are evolutionarily equivalent. We prove that all properly two-colored, undirected, regular graphs are evolutionarily equivalent (where “properly colored” means that no two neighbors have the same color). We then compare the effects of background heterogeneity on properly two-colored graphs to those with alternative schemes in which the colors are permuted. Finally, we discuss dynamic coloring as a model for spatiotemporal resource fluctuations, and we illustrate that random dynamic colorings often diminish the effects of background heterogeneity relative to a proper two-coloring."}],"issue":"11","type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_id":"8768","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"555456dd0e47bcf9e0994bcb95577e88","date_created":"2020-11-18T07:26:10Z","date_updated":"2020-11-18T07:26:10Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_PlosCompBio_Kaveh.pdf","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2498594}],"oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["000"],"title":"The Moran process on 2-chromatic graphs","status":"public","intvolume":" 16","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"8767","day":"05","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","keyword":["Ecology","Modelling and Simulation","Computational Theory and Mathematics","Genetics","Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics","Molecular Biology","Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"],"scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publication":"PLOS Computational Biology","citation":{"ista":"Kaveh K, McAvoy A, Chatterjee K, Nowak MA. 2020. The Moran process on 2-chromatic graphs. PLOS Computational Biology. 16(11), e1008402.","ieee":"K. Kaveh, A. McAvoy, K. Chatterjee, and M. A. Nowak, “The Moran process on 2-chromatic graphs,” PLOS Computational Biology, vol. 16, no. 11. Public Library of Science, 2020.","apa":"Kaveh, K., McAvoy, A., Chatterjee, K., & Nowak, M. A. (2020). The Moran process on 2-chromatic graphs. PLOS Computational Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008402","ama":"Kaveh K, McAvoy A, Chatterjee K, Nowak MA. The Moran process on 2-chromatic graphs. PLOS Computational Biology. 2020;16(11). doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008402","chicago":"Kaveh, Kamran, Alex McAvoy, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Martin A. Nowak. “The Moran Process on 2-Chromatic Graphs.” PLOS Computational Biology. Public Library of Science, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008402.","mla":"Kaveh, Kamran, et al. “The Moran Process on 2-Chromatic Graphs.” PLOS Computational Biology, vol. 16, no. 11, e1008402, Public Library of Science, 2020, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008402.","short":"K. Kaveh, A. McAvoy, K. Chatterjee, M.A. Nowak, PLOS Computational Biology 16 (2020)."}},{"date_created":"2020-11-22T23:01:24Z","date_updated":"2023-08-22T13:25:45Z","volume":8,"author":[{"full_name":"Kleshnina, Maria","last_name":"Kleshnina","first_name":"Maria","id":"4E21749C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Sabrina","last_name":"Streipert","full_name":"Streipert, Sabrina"},{"first_name":"Jerzy","last_name":"Filar","full_name":"Filar, Jerzy"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"MDPI","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement #754411, the Australian Research Council Discovery Grants DP160101236 and DP150100618, and the European Research Council Consolidator Grant 863818 (FoRM-SMArt).\r\nAuthors would like to thank Patrick McKinlay for his work on the preliminary results for this paper.","year":"2020","file_date_updated":"2020-11-23T13:06:30Z","ec_funded":1,"article_number":"1945","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.3390/math8111945","quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411"},{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000593962100001"]},"oa":1,"month":"11","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["22277390"]},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"8797","checksum":"61cfcc3b35760656ce7a9385a4ace5d2","success":1,"date_updated":"2020-11-23T13:06:30Z","date_created":"2020-11-23T13:06:30Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_Mathematics_Kleshnina.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":565191,"creator":"dernst"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"Prioritised learning in snowdrift-type games","intvolume":" 8","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"8789","abstract":[{"text":"Cooperation is a ubiquitous and beneficial behavioural trait despite being prone to exploitation by free-riders. Hence, cooperative populations are prone to invasions by selfish individuals. However, a population consisting of only free-riders typically does not survive. Thus, cooperators and free-riders often coexist in some proportion. An evolutionary version of a Snowdrift Game proved its efficiency in analysing this phenomenon. However, what if the system has already reached its stable state but was perturbed due to a change in environmental conditions? Then, individuals may have to re-learn their effective strategies. To address this, we consider behavioural mistakes in strategic choice execution, which we refer to as incompetence. Parametrising the propensity to make such mistakes allows for a mathematical description of learning. We compare strategies based on their relative strategic advantage relying on both fitness and learning factors. When strategies are learned at distinct rates, allowing learning according to a prescribed order is optimal. Interestingly, the strategy with the lowest strategic advantage should be learnt first if we are to optimise fitness over the learning path. Then, the differences between strategies are balanced out in order to minimise the effect of behavioural uncertainty.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"11","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publication":"Mathematics","citation":{"mla":"Kleshnina, Maria, et al. “Prioritised Learning in Snowdrift-Type Games.” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 11, 1945, MDPI, 2020, doi:10.3390/math8111945.","short":"M. Kleshnina, S. Streipert, J. Filar, K. Chatterjee, Mathematics 8 (2020).","chicago":"Kleshnina, Maria, Sabrina Streipert, Jerzy Filar, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Prioritised Learning in Snowdrift-Type Games.” Mathematics. MDPI, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8111945.","ama":"Kleshnina M, Streipert S, Filar J, Chatterjee K. Prioritised learning in snowdrift-type games. Mathematics. 2020;8(11). doi:10.3390/math8111945","ista":"Kleshnina M, Streipert S, Filar J, Chatterjee K. 2020. Prioritised learning in snowdrift-type games. Mathematics. 8(11), 1945.","ieee":"M. Kleshnina, S. Streipert, J. Filar, and K. Chatterjee, “Prioritised learning in snowdrift-type games,” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 11. MDPI, 2020.","apa":"Kleshnina, M., Streipert, S., Filar, J., & Chatterjee, K. (2020). Prioritised learning in snowdrift-type games. Mathematics. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8111945"},"day":"04","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1"},{"project":[{"grant_number":"S 11407_N23","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering"},{"_id":"25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11407","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Game Theory"}],"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000587712700069"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012803","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["19374151"],"issn":["02780070"]},"month":"11","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"IEEE","publication_status":"published","year":"2020","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) under the NFN RiSE/SHiNE under Grant S11405 and Grant S11407. This article was presented in the International Conference on Embedded Software 2020 and appears as part of the ESWEEK-TCAD special issue. ","volume":39,"date_updated":"2023-08-22T13:27:05Z","date_created":"2020-11-22T23:01:24Z","author":[{"full_name":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Pavlogiannis","id":"49704004-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8943-0722"},{"last_name":"Schaumberger","first_name":"Nico","full_name":"Schaumberger, Nico"},{"last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Schmid, Ulrich"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu"}],"page":"3981-3992","article_type":"original","citation":{"ista":"Pavlogiannis A, Schaumberger N, Schmid U, Chatterjee K. 2020. Precedence-aware automated competitive analysis of real-time scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 39(11), 3981–3992.","ieee":"A. Pavlogiannis, N. Schaumberger, U. Schmid, and K. Chatterjee, “Precedence-aware automated competitive analysis of real-time scheduling,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 39, no. 11. IEEE, pp. 3981–3992, 2020.","apa":"Pavlogiannis, A., Schaumberger, N., Schmid, U., & Chatterjee, K. (2020). Precedence-aware automated competitive analysis of real-time scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012803","ama":"Pavlogiannis A, Schaumberger N, Schmid U, Chatterjee K. Precedence-aware automated competitive analysis of real-time scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 2020;39(11):3981-3992. doi:10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012803","chicago":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas, Nico Schaumberger, Ulrich Schmid, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Precedence-Aware Automated Competitive Analysis of Real-Time Scheduling.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012803.","mla":"Pavlogiannis, Andreas, et al. “Precedence-Aware Automated Competitive Analysis of Real-Time Scheduling.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 39, no. 11, IEEE, 2020, pp. 3981–92, doi:10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012803.","short":"A. Pavlogiannis, N. Schaumberger, U. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39 (2020) 3981–3992."},"publication":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","date_published":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","intvolume":" 39","title":"Precedence-aware automated competitive analysis of real-time scheduling","status":"public","_id":"8788","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","issue":"11","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider a real-time setting where an environment releases sequences of firm-deadline tasks, and an online scheduler chooses on-the-fly the ones to execute on a single processor so as to maximize cumulated utility. The competitive ratio is a well-known performance measure for the scheduler: it gives the worst-case ratio, among all possible choices for the environment, of the cumulated utility of the online scheduler versus an offline scheduler that knows these choices in advance. Traditionally, competitive analysis is performed by hand, while automated techniques are rare and only handle static environments with independent tasks. We present a quantitative-verification framework for precedence-aware competitive analysis, where task releases may depend on preceding scheduling choices, i.e., the environment can respond to scheduling decisions dynamically . We consider two general classes of precedences: 1) follower precedences force the release of a dependent task upon the completion of a set of precursor tasks, while and 2) pairing precedences modify the characteristics of a dependent task provided the completion of a set of precursor tasks. Precedences make competitive analysis challenging, as the online and offline schedulers operate on diverging sequences. We make a formal presentation of our framework, and use a GPU-based implementation to analyze ten well-known schedulers on precedence-based application examples taken from the existing literature: 1) a handshake protocol (HP); 2) network packet-switching; 3) query scheduling (QS); and 4) a sporadic-interrupt setting. Our experimental results show that precedences and task parameters can vary drastically the best scheduler. Our framework thus supports application designers in choosing the best scheduler among a given set automatically."}]},{"publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grants S11402-N23 (RiSE/SHiNE), Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award), and M 2369-N33 (Meitner fellowship).","year":"2020","volume":34,"date_created":"2021-02-25T09:05:18Z","date_updated":"2023-09-05T12:40:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Avni","first_name":"Guy","orcid":"0000-0001-5588-8287","id":"463C8BC2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Avni, Guy"},{"full_name":"Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus","last_name":"Ibsen-Jensen","first_name":"Rasmus","orcid":"0000-0003-4783-0389","id":"3B699956-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Josef","last_name":"Tkadlec","id":"3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-1097-9684","full_name":"Tkadlec, Josef"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2159-5399"],"isbn":["9781577358350"],"eissn":["2374-3468"]},"month":"04","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering","_id":"25F2ACDE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"S11402-N23"},{"grant_number":"Z211","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize"},{"_id":"264B3912-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"M02369","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Formal Methods meets Algorithmic Game Theory"}],"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["1911.08360"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5546","conference":{"name":"AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence","location":"New York, NY, United States","start_date":"2020-02-07","end_date":"2020-02-12"},"type":"journal_article","issue":"02","abstract":[{"text":"In this paper we introduce and study all-pay bidding games, a class of two player, zero-sum games on graphs. The game proceeds as follows. We place a token on some vertex in the graph and assign budgets to the two players. Each turn, each player submits a sealed legal bid (non-negative and below their remaining budget), which is deducted from their budget and the highest bidder moves the token onto an adjacent vertex. The game ends once a sink is reached, and Player 1 pays Player 2 the outcome that is associated with the sink. The players attempt to maximize their expected outcome. Our games model settings where effort (of no inherent value) needs to be invested in an ongoing and stateful manner. On the negative side, we show that even in simple games on DAGs, optimal strategies may require a distribution over bids with infinite support. A central quantity in bidding games is the ratio of the players budgets. On the positive side, we show a simple FPTAS for DAGs, that, for each budget ratio, outputs an approximation for the optimal strategy for that ratio. We also implement it, show that it performs well, and suggests interesting properties of these games. Then, given an outcome c, we show an algorithm for finding the necessary and sufficient initial ratio for guaranteeing outcome c with probability 1 and a strategy ensuring such. Finally, while the general case has not previously been studied, solving the specific game in which Player 1 wins iff he wins the first two auctions, has been long stated as an open question, which we solve.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":" 34","title":"All-pay bidding games on graphs","status":"public","_id":"9197","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa_version":"Preprint","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"03","page":"1798-1805","article_type":"original","citation":{"chicago":"Avni, Guy, Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen, and Josef Tkadlec. “All-Pay Bidding Games on Graphs.” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5546.","short":"G. Avni, R. Ibsen-Jensen, J. Tkadlec, Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34 (2020) 1798–1805.","mla":"Avni, Guy, et al. “All-Pay Bidding Games on Graphs.” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 02, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2020, pp. 1798–805, doi:10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5546.","ieee":"G. Avni, R. Ibsen-Jensen, and J. Tkadlec, “All-pay bidding games on graphs,” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 02. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1798–1805, 2020.","apa":"Avni, G., Ibsen-Jensen, R., & Tkadlec, J. (2020). All-pay bidding games on graphs. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, United States: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5546","ista":"Avni G, Ibsen-Jensen R, Tkadlec J. 2020. All-pay bidding games on graphs. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 34(02), 1798–1805.","ama":"Avni G, Ibsen-Jensen R, Tkadlec J. All-pay bidding games on graphs. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2020;34(02):1798-1805. doi:10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5546"},"publication":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","date_published":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z"}]