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This work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Project 864228 (AdjustNet), 2020-2025, the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), and the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant 470029389 (FlexNets), 2021-2024.","volume":989,"date_created":"2024-01-16T13:40:41Z","date_updated":"2024-01-17T09:23:03Z","author":[{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Stefan"},{"first_name":"Jakub","last_name":"Svoboda","id":"130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425","orcid":"0000-0002-1419-3267","full_name":"Svoboda, Jakub"},{"first_name":"Michelle X","last_name":"Yeo","id":"2D82B818-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Yeo, Michelle X"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0304-3975"]},"month":"01","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114353","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114353","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"We consider a natural problem dealing with weighted packet selection across a rechargeable link, which e.g., finds applications in cryptocurrency networks. The capacity of a link (u, v) is determined by how many nodes u and v allocate for this link. Specifically, the input is a finite ordered sequence of packets that arrive in both directions along a link. Given (u, v) and a packet of weight x going from u to v, node u can either accept or reject the packet. If u accepts the packet, the capacity on link (u, v) decreases by x. Correspondingly, v's capacity on \r\n increases by x. If a node rejects the packet, this will entail a cost affinely linear in the weight of the packet. A link is “rechargeable” in the sense that the total capacity of the link has to remain constant, but the allocation of capacity at the ends of the link can depend arbitrarily on the nodes' decisions. The goal is to minimise the sum of the capacity injected into the link and the cost of rejecting packets. We show that the problem is NP-hard, but can be approximated efficiently with a ratio of (1+E) . (1+3) for some arbitrary E>0.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":" 989","status":"public","title":"Weighted packet selection for rechargeable links in cryptocurrency networks: Complexity and approximation","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"14820","oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["General Computer Science","Theoretical Computer Science"],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","day":"11","article_type":"original","citation":{"ama":"Schmid S, Svoboda J, Yeo MX. Weighted packet selection for rechargeable links in cryptocurrency networks: Complexity and approximation. Theoretical Computer Science. 2024;989. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114353","ieee":"S. Schmid, J. Svoboda, and M. X. Yeo, “Weighted packet selection for rechargeable links in cryptocurrency networks: Complexity and approximation,” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 989. Elsevier, 2024.","apa":"Schmid, S., Svoboda, J., & Yeo, M. X. (2024). Weighted packet selection for rechargeable links in cryptocurrency networks: Complexity and approximation. Theoretical Computer Science. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114353","ista":"Schmid S, Svoboda J, Yeo MX. 2024. Weighted packet selection for rechargeable links in cryptocurrency networks: Complexity and approximation. Theoretical Computer Science. 989, 114353.","short":"S. Schmid, J. Svoboda, M.X. Yeo, Theoretical Computer Science 989 (2024).","mla":"Schmid, Stefan, et al. “Weighted Packet Selection for Rechargeable Links in Cryptocurrency Networks: Complexity and Approximation.” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 989, 114353, Elsevier, 2024, doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114353.","chicago":"Schmid, Stefan, Jakub Svoboda, and Michelle X Yeo. “Weighted Packet Selection for Rechargeable Links in Cryptocurrency Networks: Complexity and Approximation.” Theoretical Computer Science. Elsevier, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114353."},"publication":"Theoretical Computer Science","date_published":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z"},{"acknowledgement":"This work was partially funded by the Academy of Finland, grant 314888, the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project I 4800-N (ADVISE). LS was supported by the Stochastic Analysis and Application Research Center (SAARC) under National Research Foundation of Korea grant NRF-2019R1A5A1028324.","year":"2024","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Hirvonen, Juho","last_name":"Hirvonen","first_name":"Juho"},{"id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"},{"first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Stefan"}],"volume":286,"date_updated":"2024-02-26T09:16:12Z","date_created":"2024-02-18T23:01:01Z","article_number":"11","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-02-26T09:04:58Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2102.13457"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11","conference":{"end_date":"2023-12-08","location":"Tokyo, Japan","start_date":"2023-12-06","name":"OPODIS: Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783959773089"],"issn":["18688969"]},"month":"01","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"15006","intvolume":" 286","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"file_id":"15028","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"4fc7eea6e4ba140b904781fc7df868ec","date_updated":"2024-02-26T09:04:58Z","date_created":"2024-02-26T09:04:58Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2024_LIPICs_Hirvonen.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":867363,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"type":"conference","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"abstract":[{"text":"Graphical games are a useful framework for modeling the interactions of (selfish) agents who are connected via an underlying topology and whose behaviors influence each other. They have wide applications ranging from computer science to economics and biology. Yet, even though an agent’s payoff only depends on the actions of their direct neighbors in graphical games, computing the Nash equilibria and making statements about the convergence time of \"natural\" local dynamics in particular can be highly challenging. In this work, we present a novel approach for classifying complexity of Nash equilibria in graphical games by establishing a connection to local graph algorithms, a subfield of distributed computing. In particular, we make the observation that the equilibria of graphical games are equivalent to locally verifiable labelings (LVL) in graphs; vertex labelings which are verifiable with constant-round local algorithms. This connection allows us to derive novel lower bounds on the convergence time to equilibrium of best-response dynamics in graphical games. Since we establish that distributed convergence can sometimes be provably slow, we also introduce and give bounds on an intuitive notion of \"time-constrained\" inefficiency of best responses. We exemplify how our results can be used in the implementation of mechanisms that ensure convergence of best responses to a Nash equilibrium. Our results thus also give insight into the convergence of strategy-proof algorithms for graphical games, which is still not well understood.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Hirvonen J, Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Schmid S. On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach. In: 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. Vol 286. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2024. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11","apa":"Hirvonen, J., Schmid, L., Chatterjee, K., & Schmid, S. (2024). On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach. In 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (Vol. 286). Tokyo, Japan: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11","ieee":"J. Hirvonen, L. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, and S. Schmid, “On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach,” in 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Tokyo, Japan, 2024, vol. 286.","ista":"Hirvonen J, Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Schmid S. 2024. On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach. 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. OPODIS: Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, LIPIcs, vol. 286, 11.","short":"J. Hirvonen, L. Schmid, K. Chatterjee, S. Schmid, in:, 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.","mla":"Hirvonen, Juho, et al. “On the Convergence Time in Graphical Games: A Locality-Sensitive Approach.” 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, vol. 286, 11, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11.","chicago":"Hirvonen, Juho, Laura Schmid, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Stefan Schmid. “On the Convergence Time in Graphical Games: A Locality-Sensitive Approach.” In 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Vol. 286. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11."},"publication":"27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems","date_published":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"18"},{"issue":"10","abstract":[{"text":"Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for cooperation in social dilemmas. The very logic of reciprocity, however, seems to require that individuals are symmetric, and that everyone has the same means to influence each others’ payoffs. Yet in many applications, individuals are asymmetric. Herein, we study the effect of asymmetry in linear public good games. Individuals may differ in their endowments (their ability to contribute to a public good) and in their productivities (how effective their contributions are). Given the individuals’ productivities, we ask which allocation of endowments is optimal for cooperation. To this end, we consider two notions of optimality. The first notion focuses on the resilience of cooperation. The respective endowment distribution ensures that full cooperation is feasible even under the most adverse conditions. The second notion focuses on efficiency. The corresponding endowment distribution maximizes group welfare. Using analytical methods, we fully characterize these two endowment distributions. This analysis reveals that both optimality notions favor some endowment inequality: More productive players ought to get higher endowments. Yet the two notions disagree on how unequal endowments are supposed to be. A focus on resilience results in less inequality. With additional simulations, we show that the optimal endowment allocation needs to account for both the resilience and the efficiency of cooperation.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2203220,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2024_PNAS_Huebner.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2024-03-12T13:12:22Z","date_updated":"2024-03-12T13:12:22Z","checksum":"068520e3efd4d008bb9177e8aedb7d22","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"15109"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"15083","intvolume":" 121","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"title":"Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"05","date_published":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Hübner V, Staab M, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Kleshnina M. Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2024;121(10). doi:10.1073/pnas.2315558121","ista":"Hübner V, Staab M, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Kleshnina M. 2024. Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121(10), e2315558121.","ieee":"V. Hübner, M. Staab, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, and M. Kleshnina, “Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121, no. 10. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024.","apa":"Hübner, V., Staab, M., Hilbe, C., Chatterjee, K., & Kleshnina, M. (2024). Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315558121","mla":"Hübner, Valentin, et al. “Efficiency and Resilience of Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121, no. 10, e2315558121, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2315558121.","short":"V. Hübner, M. Staab, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, M. Kleshnina, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (2024).","chicago":"Hübner, Valentin, Manuel Staab, Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Maria Kleshnina. “Efficiency and Resilience of Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315558121."},"publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","article_type":"original","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-03-12T13:12:22Z","article_number":"e2315558121","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"15108","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}],"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA Website","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/what-math-tells-us-about-social-dilemmas/"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Hübner, Valentin","first_name":"Valentin","last_name":"Hübner","id":"2c8aa207-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f22972ecd910"},{"full_name":"Staab, Manuel","first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Staab"},{"full_name":"Hilbe, Christian","id":"2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5116-955X","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Hilbe"},{"first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Kleshnina, Maria","first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Kleshnina"}],"volume":121,"date_created":"2024-03-05T09:18:49Z","date_updated":"2024-03-12T13:29:25Z","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.) and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT (to C.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement #754411 and the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (under the Investissement d’Avenir Programme, ANR-17-EURE-0010) (to M.K.).","year":"2024","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1091-6490"],"issn":["0027-8424"]},"month":"03","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2315558121","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"external_id":{"pmid":["38408249"]},"project":[{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"publisher":"Zenodo","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"status":"public","title":"Computer code for \"Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas\"","ddc":["000"],"_id":"15108","year":"2024","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2024-03-12T13:02:58Z","date_updated":"2024-03-12T13:29:26Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"15083","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Hübner, Valentin","id":"2c8aa207-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f22972ecd910","last_name":"Hübner","first_name":"Valentin"},{"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Kleshnina","full_name":"Kleshnina, Maria"}],"type":"research_data_reference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"in the research article \"Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas\" (by Valentin Hübner, Manuel Staab, Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Maria Kleshnina).\r\n\r\nWe used different implementations for the case of two and three players, both described below."}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://10.5281/zenodo.10639167","open_access":"1"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Hübner, Valentin, and Maria Kleshnina. Computer Code for “Efficiency and Resilience of Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas.” Zenodo, 2024, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.10639167.","short":"V. Hübner, M. Kleshnina, (2024).","chicago":"Hübner, Valentin, and Maria Kleshnina. “Computer Code for ‘Efficiency and Resilience of Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas.’” Zenodo, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10639167.","ama":"Hübner V, Kleshnina M. Computer code for “Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas.” 2024. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.10639167","ista":"Hübner V, Kleshnina M. 2024. Computer code for ‘Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas’, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.10639167.","ieee":"V. Hübner and M. Kleshnina, “Computer code for ‘Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas.’” Zenodo, 2024.","apa":"Hübner, V., & Kleshnina, M. (2024). Computer code for “Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10639167"},"doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.10639167","date_published":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","month":"02","day":"09"},{"publication":"Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","citation":{"chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Tobias Meggendorfer, Raimundo J Saona Urmeneta, and Jakub Svoboda. “Faster Algorithm for Turn-Based Stochastic Games with Bounded Treewidth.” In Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 4590–4605. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch173.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Faster Algorithm for Turn-Based Stochastic Games with Bounded Treewidth.” Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2023, pp. 4590–605, doi:10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch173.","short":"K. Chatterjee, T. Meggendorfer, R.J. Saona Urmeneta, J. Svoboda, in:, Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2023, pp. 4590–4605.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Meggendorfer T, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Svoboda J. 2023. Faster algorithm for turn-based stochastic games with bounded treewidth. Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 4590–4605.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, T. Meggendorfer, R. J. Saona Urmeneta, and J. Svoboda, “Faster algorithm for turn-based stochastic games with bounded treewidth,” in Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Florence, Italy, 2023, pp. 4590–4605.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Meggendorfer, T., Saona Urmeneta, R. J., & Svoboda, J. (2023). Faster algorithm for turn-based stochastic games with bounded treewidth. In Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (pp. 4590–4605). Florence, Italy: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch173","ama":"Chatterjee K, Meggendorfer T, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Svoboda J. Faster algorithm for turn-based stochastic games with bounded treewidth. In: Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; 2023:4590-4605. doi:10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch173"},"page":"4590-4605","date_published":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"12676","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Faster algorithm for turn-based stochastic games with bounded treewidth","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"conference","abstract":[{"text":"Turn-based stochastic games (aka simple stochastic games) are two-player zero-sum games played on directed graphs with probabilistic transitions. The goal of player-max is to maximize the probability to reach a target state against the adversarial player-min. These games lie in NP ∩ coNP and are among the rare combinatorial problems that belong to this complexity class for which the existence of polynomial-time algorithm is a major open question. While randomized sub-exponential time algorithm exists, all known deterministic algorithms require exponential time in the worst-case. An important open question has been whether faster algorithms can be obtained parametrized by the treewidth of the game graph. Even deterministic sub-exponential time algorithm for constant treewidth turn-based stochastic games has remain elusive. In this work our main result is a deterministic algorithm to solve turn-based stochastic games that, given a game with n states, treewidth at most t, and the bit-complexity of the probabilistic transition function log D, has running time O ((tn2 log D)t log n). In particular, our algorithm is quasi-polynomial time for games with constant or poly-logarithmic treewidth.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch173"}],"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"}],"conference":{"name":"SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","location":"Florence, Italy","start_date":"2023-01-22","end_date":"2023-01-25"},"doi":"10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch173","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781611977554"]},"year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This research was partially supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) grant.","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Meggendorfer, Tobias","id":"b21b0c15-30a2-11eb-80dc-f13ca25802e1","orcid":"0000-0002-1712-2165","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Meggendorfer"},{"full_name":"Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J","first_name":"Raimundo J","last_name":"Saona Urmeneta","id":"BD1DF4C4-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-5103-038X"},{"last_name":"Svoboda","first_name":"Jakub","id":"130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425","full_name":"Svoboda, Jakub"}],"date_updated":"2023-02-27T09:01:16Z","date_created":"2023-02-24T12:20:47Z","ec_funded":1},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"13142","intvolume":" 13993","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","title":"A learner-verifier framework for neural network controllers and certificates of stochastic systems","file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_size":528455,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_LNCS_Chatterjee.pdf","success":1,"checksum":"3d8a8bb24d211bc83360dfc2fd744307","date_created":"2023-06-19T08:29:30Z","date_updated":"2023-06-19T08:29:30Z","file_id":"13150","relation":"main_file"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"conference","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Reinforcement learning has received much attention for learning controllers of deterministic systems. We consider a learner-verifier framework for stochastic control systems and survey recent methods that formally guarantee a conjunction of reachability and safety properties. Given a property and a lower bound on the probability of the property being satisfied, our framework jointly learns a control policy and a formal certificate to ensure the satisfaction of the property with a desired probability threshold. Both the control policy and the formal certificate are continuous functions from states to reals, which are learned as parameterized neural networks. While in the deterministic case, the certificates are invariant and barrier functions for safety, or Lyapunov and ranking functions for liveness, in the stochastic case the certificates are supermartingales. For certificate verification, we use interval arithmetic abstract interpretation to bound the expected values of neural network functions."}],"citation":{"apa":"Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T. A., Lechner, M., & Zikelic, D. (2023). A learner-verifier framework for neural network controllers and certificates of stochastic systems. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (Vol. 13993, pp. 3–25). Paris, France: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_1","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, T. A. Henzinger, M. Lechner, and D. Zikelic, “A learner-verifier framework for neural network controllers and certificates of stochastic systems,” in Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems , Paris, France, 2023, vol. 13993, pp. 3–25.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Lechner M, Zikelic D. 2023. A learner-verifier framework for neural network controllers and certificates of stochastic systems. Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems . TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, LNCS, vol. 13993, 3–25.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Lechner M, Zikelic D. A learner-verifier framework for neural network controllers and certificates of stochastic systems. In: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems . Vol 13993. Springer Nature; 2023:3-25. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_1","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Thomas A Henzinger, Mathias Lechner, and Dorde Zikelic. “A Learner-Verifier Framework for Neural Network Controllers and Certificates of Stochastic Systems.” In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems , 13993:3–25. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_1.","short":"K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, M. Lechner, D. Zikelic, in:, Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems , Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 3–25.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “A Learner-Verifier Framework for Neural Network Controllers and Certificates of Stochastic Systems.” Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems , vol. 13993, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 3–25, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_1."},"publication":"Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems ","page":"3-25","date_published":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"22","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093, ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Lechner, Mathias","last_name":"Lechner","first_name":"Mathias","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","first_name":"Dorde","last_name":"Zikelic","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":13993,"date_created":"2023-06-18T22:00:47Z","date_updated":"2023-06-19T08:30:54Z","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-06-19T08:29:30Z","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_1","conference":{"end_date":"2023-04-27","location":"Paris, France","start_date":"2023-04-22","name":"TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783031308222"],"eissn":["1611-3349"],"issn":["0302-9743"]},"month":"04"},{"publication_status":"published","publisher":"The Royal Society","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"acknowledgement":"J.S. and K.C. acknowledge support from the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt)","year":"2023","date_created":"2023-04-02T22:01:09Z","date_updated":"2023-08-01T13:58:34Z","volume":479,"author":[{"full_name":"Svoboda, Jakub","id":"130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425","last_name":"Svoboda","first_name":"Jakub"},{"full_name":"Tkadlec, Josef","orcid":"0000-0002-1097-9684","id":"3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Tkadlec","first_name":"Josef"},{"first_name":"Kamran","last_name":"Kaveh","full_name":"Kaveh, Kamran"},{"id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21261771.v1","relation":"research_data"}]},"article_number":"20220685","file_date_updated":"2023-04-03T06:25:29Z","ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000957125500002"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1098/rspa.2022.0685","month":"03","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1364-5021"],"eissn":["1471-2946"]},"ddc":["000"],"status":"public","title":"Coexistence times in the Moran process with environmental heterogeneity","intvolume":" 479","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"12787","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":827784,"file_name":"2023_ProceedingsRoyalSocietyA_Svoboda.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2023-04-03T06:25:29Z","date_created":"2023-04-03T06:25:29Z","success":1,"checksum":"13953d349fbefcb5d21ccc6b303297eb","file_id":"12796","relation":"main_file"}],"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Populations evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. While a certain trait might bring a fitness advantage in some patch of the environment, a different trait might be advantageous in another patch. Here, we study the Moran birth–death process with two types of individuals in a population stretched across two patches of size N, each patch favouring one of the two types. We show that the long-term fate of such populations crucially depends on the migration rate μ\r\n between the patches. To classify the possible fates, we use the distinction between polynomial (short) and exponential (long) timescales. We show that when μ is high then one of the two types fixates on the whole population after a number of steps that is only polynomial in N. By contrast, when μ is low then each type holds majority in the patch where it is favoured for a number of steps that is at least exponential in N. Moreover, we precisely identify the threshold migration rate μ⋆ that separates those two scenarios, thereby exactly delineating the situations that support long-term coexistence of the two types. We also discuss the case of various cycle graphs and we present computer simulations that perfectly match our analytical results."}],"issue":"2271","article_type":"original","publication":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","citation":{"ista":"Svoboda J, Tkadlec J, Kaveh K, Chatterjee K. 2023. Coexistence times in the Moran process with environmental heterogeneity. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 479(2271), 20220685.","apa":"Svoboda, J., Tkadlec, J., Kaveh, K., & Chatterjee, K. (2023). Coexistence times in the Moran process with environmental heterogeneity. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2022.0685","ieee":"J. Svoboda, J. Tkadlec, K. Kaveh, and K. Chatterjee, “Coexistence times in the Moran process with environmental heterogeneity,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 479, no. 2271. The Royal Society, 2023.","ama":"Svoboda J, Tkadlec J, Kaveh K, Chatterjee K. Coexistence times in the Moran process with environmental heterogeneity. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2023;479(2271). doi:10.1098/rspa.2022.0685","chicago":"Svoboda, Jakub, Josef Tkadlec, Kamran Kaveh, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Coexistence Times in the Moran Process with Environmental Heterogeneity.” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. The Royal Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2022.0685.","mla":"Svoboda, Jakub, et al. “Coexistence Times in the Moran Process with Environmental Heterogeneity.” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 479, no. 2271, 20220685, The Royal Society, 2023, doi:10.1098/rspa.2022.0685.","short":"J. Svoboda, J. Tkadlec, K. Kaveh, K. Chatterjee, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 479 (2023)."},"date_published":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"29","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"month":"04","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-37817-x","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"863818","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Z211","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["37045828"],"isi":["001003644100020"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-04-25T09:13:53Z","ec_funded":1,"article_number":"2086","date_updated":"2023-08-01T14:15:57Z","date_created":"2023-04-23T22:01:03Z","volume":14,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-6978-7329","id":"38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Schmid, Laura"},{"first_name":"Farbod","last_name":"Ekbatani","full_name":"Ekbatani, Farbod"},{"full_name":"Hilbe, Christian","orcid":"0000-0001-5116-955X","id":"2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hilbe","first_name":"Christian"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.) and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT (to C.H.). L.S. received additional partial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award), and also thanks the support by the Stochastic Analysis and Application Research Center (SAARC) under National Research Foundation of Korea grant NRF-2019R1A5A1028324. The authors additionally thank Stefan Schmid for providing access to his lab infrastructure at the University of Vienna for the purpose of collecting simulation data.","pmid":1,"day":"12","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publication":"Nature Communications","citation":{"chicago":"Schmid, Laura, Farbod Ekbatani, Christian Hilbe, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Quantitative Assessment Can Stabilize Indirect Reciprocity under Imperfect Information.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37817-x.","mla":"Schmid, Laura, et al. “Quantitative Assessment Can Stabilize Indirect Reciprocity under Imperfect Information.” Nature Communications, vol. 14, 2086, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37817-x.","short":"L. Schmid, F. Ekbatani, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","ista":"Schmid L, Ekbatani F, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K. 2023. Quantitative assessment can stabilize indirect reciprocity under imperfect information. Nature Communications. 14, 2086.","apa":"Schmid, L., Ekbatani, F., Hilbe, C., & Chatterjee, K. (2023). Quantitative assessment can stabilize indirect reciprocity under imperfect information. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37817-x","ieee":"L. Schmid, F. Ekbatani, C. Hilbe, and K. Chatterjee, “Quantitative assessment can stabilize indirect reciprocity under imperfect information,” Nature Communications, vol. 14. Springer Nature, 2023.","ama":"Schmid L, Ekbatani F, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K. Quantitative assessment can stabilize indirect reciprocity under imperfect information. Nature Communications. 2023;14. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37817-x"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The field of indirect reciprocity investigates how social norms can foster cooperation when individuals continuously monitor and assess each other’s social interactions. By adhering to certain social norms, cooperating individuals can improve their reputation and, in turn, receive benefits from others. Eight social norms, known as the “leading eight,\" have been shown to effectively promote the evolution of cooperation as long as information is public and reliable. These norms categorize group members as either ’good’ or ’bad’. In this study, we examine a scenario where individuals instead assign nuanced reputation scores to each other, and only cooperate with those whose reputation exceeds a certain threshold. We find both analytically and through simulations that such quantitative assessments are error-correcting, thus facilitating cooperation in situations where information is private and unreliable. Moreover, our results identify four specific norms that are robust to such conditions, and may be relevant for helping to sustain cooperation in natural populations."}],"type":"journal_article","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_NatureComm_Schmid.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1786475,"creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","file_id":"12868","checksum":"a4b3b7b36fbef068cabf4fb99501fef6","success":1,"date_updated":"2023-04-25T09:13:53Z","date_created":"2023-04-25T09:13:53Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Quantitative assessment can stabilize indirect reciprocity under imperfect information","status":"public","ddc":["000"],"intvolume":" 14","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"12861"},{"citation":{"chicago":"Lechner, Mathias, Dorde Zikelic, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Thomas A Henzinger, and Daniela Rus. “Quantization-Aware Interval Bound Propagation for Training Certifiably Robust Quantized Neural Networks.” In Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 37:14964–73. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26747.","mla":"Lechner, Mathias, et al. “Quantization-Aware Interval Bound Propagation for Training Certifiably Robust Quantized Neural Networks.” Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 37, no. 12, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2023, pp. 14964–73, doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26747.","short":"M. Lechner, D. Zikelic, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, D. Rus, in:, Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2023, pp. 14964–14973.","ista":"Lechner M, Zikelic D, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Rus D. 2023. Quantization-aware interval bound propagation for training certifiably robust quantized neural networks. Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence vol. 37, 14964–14973.","apa":"Lechner, M., Zikelic, D., Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T. A., & Rus, D. (2023). Quantization-aware interval bound propagation for training certifiably robust quantized neural networks. In Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 37, pp. 14964–14973). Washington, DC, United States: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26747","ieee":"M. Lechner, D. Zikelic, K. Chatterjee, T. A. Henzinger, and D. Rus, “Quantization-aware interval bound propagation for training certifiably robust quantized neural networks,” in Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC, United States, 2023, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 14964–14973.","ama":"Lechner M, Zikelic D, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Rus D. Quantization-aware interval bound propagation for training certifiably robust quantized neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Vol 37. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence; 2023:14964-14973. doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26747"},"publication":"Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","page":"14964-14973","date_published":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"26","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"14242","intvolume":" 37","title":"Quantization-aware interval bound propagation for training certifiably robust quantized neural networks","status":"public","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"conference","issue":"12","abstract":[{"text":"We study the problem of training and certifying adversarially robust quantized neural networks (QNNs). Quantization is a technique for making neural networks more efficient by running them using low-bit integer arithmetic and is therefore commonly adopted in industry. Recent work has shown that floating-point neural networks that have been verified to be robust can become vulnerable to adversarial attacks after quantization, and certification of the quantized representation is necessary to guarantee robustness. In this work, we present quantization-aware interval bound propagation (QA-IBP), a novel method for training robust QNNs. Inspired by advances in robust learning of non-quantized networks, our training algorithm computes the gradient of an abstract representation of the actual network. Unlike existing approaches, our method can handle the discrete semantics of QNNs. Based on QA-IBP, we also develop a complete verification procedure for verifying the adversarial robustness of QNNs, which is guaranteed to terminate and produce a correct answer. Compared to existing approaches, the key advantage of our verification procedure is that it runs entirely on GPU or other accelerator devices. We demonstrate experimentally that our approach significantly outperforms existing methods and establish the new state-of-the-art for training and certifying the robustness of QNNs.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2211.16187"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.16187","open_access":"1"}],"project":[{"_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","grant_number":"101020093","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26747","conference":{"name":"AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence","end_date":"2023-02-14","location":"Washington, DC, United States","start_date":"2023-02-07"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781577358800"]},"month":"06","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093, ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385. Research was sponsored by the United\r\nStates Air Force Research Laboratory and the United States Air Force Artificial Intelligence Accelerator and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number FA8750-19-2-\r\n1000. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied,\r\nof the United States Air Force or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright\r\nnotation herein. The research was also funded in part by the AI2050 program at Schmidt Futures (Grant G-22-63172) and Capgemini SE.","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Lechner, Mathias","first_name":"Mathias","last_name":"Lechner","id":"3DC22916-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","first_name":"Dorde","last_name":"Zikelic","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"},{"last_name":"Rus","first_name":"Daniela","full_name":"Rus, Daniela"}],"volume":37,"date_updated":"2023-09-05T07:06:14Z","date_created":"2023-08-27T22:01:17Z","ec_funded":1},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25679","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2211.13626"]},"oa":1,"project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"665385","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25679","conference":{"name":"AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence","start_date":"2023-02-07","location":"Washington, DC, United States","end_date":"2023-02-14"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781577358800"]},"month":"06","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"This research was supported in part by ISF grant no.1679/21, by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"463C8BC2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5588-8287","first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Avni","full_name":"Avni, Guy"},{"full_name":"Jecker, Ismael R","id":"85D7C63E-7D5D-11E9-9C0F-98C4E5697425","first_name":"Ismael R","last_name":"Jecker"},{"full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic","first_name":"Dorde"}],"volume":37,"date_updated":"2023-09-05T08:37:00Z","date_created":"2023-08-27T22:01:18Z","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"ista":"Avni G, Jecker IR, Zikelic D. 2023. Bidding graph games with partially-observable budgets. Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence vol. 37, 5464–5471.","apa":"Avni, G., Jecker, I. R., & Zikelic, D. (2023). Bidding graph games with partially-observable budgets. In Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 37, pp. 5464–5471). Washington, DC, United States. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25679","ieee":"G. Avni, I. R. Jecker, and D. Zikelic, “Bidding graph games with partially-observable budgets,” in Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC, United States, 2023, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 5464–5471.","ama":"Avni G, Jecker IR, Zikelic D. Bidding graph games with partially-observable budgets. In: Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Vol 37. ; 2023:5464-5471. doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25679","chicago":"Avni, Guy, Ismael R Jecker, and Dorde Zikelic. “Bidding Graph Games with Partially-Observable Budgets.” In Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 37:5464–71, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25679.","mla":"Avni, Guy, et al. “Bidding Graph Games with Partially-Observable Budgets.” Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 37, no. 5, 2023, pp. 5464–71, doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25679.","short":"G. Avni, I.R. Jecker, D. Zikelic, in:, Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2023, pp. 5464–5471."},"publication":"Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","page":"5464-5471","date_published":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"27","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"14243","intvolume":" 37","status":"public","title":"Bidding graph games with partially-observable budgets","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"conference","issue":"5","abstract":[{"text":"Two-player zero-sum \"graph games\" are central in logic, verification, and multi-agent systems. The game proceeds by placing a token on a vertex of a graph, and allowing the players to move it to produce an infinite path, which determines the winner or payoff of the game. Traditionally, the players alternate turns in moving the token. In \"bidding games\", however, the players have budgets and in each turn, an auction (bidding) determines which player moves the token. So far, bidding games have only been studied as full-information games. In this work we initiate the study of partial-information bidding games: we study bidding games in which a player's initial budget is drawn from a known probability distribution. We show that while for some bidding mechanisms and objectives, it is straightforward to adapt the results from the full-information setting to the partial-information setting, for others, the analysis is significantly more challenging, requires new techniques, and gives rise to interesting results. Specifically, we study games with \"mean-payoff\" objectives in combination with \"poorman\" bidding. We construct optimal strategies for a partially-informed player who plays against a fully-informed adversary. We show that, somewhat surprisingly, the \"value\" under pure strategies does not necessarily exist in such games.","lang":"eng"}]}]